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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Paez_Medal_of_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Paez_Medal_of_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Paez Medal of Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Paez_Medal_of_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="خوسيه أنطونيو بايث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوسيه أنطونيو بايث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_Herrera" title="José Antonio Páez Herrera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="José Antonio Páez Herrera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ხოსე ანტონიო პაესი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხოსე ანტონიო პაესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="خوسيه انطونيو بايث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوسيه انطونيو بايث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Паэс, Хосе Антонио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паэс, Хосе Антонио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Хосе Антоніо Паес – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хосе Антоніо Паес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="José Antonio Páez" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E6%B4%BE%E6%96%AF" title="何塞·安东尼奥·派斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="何塞·安东尼奥·派斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q304900#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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searchaux" style="display:none">President of Venezuela</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Páez</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Herrera</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">José Antonio Páez</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/250px-John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/330px-John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/500px-John_J._Peoli_-_General_Jose_Antonio_Paez_-_1910.10.4_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Posthumous portrait by John J. Peoli, 1890</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th, 8th and 15th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 August 1861 – 15 June 1863</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Venezuela" title="Vice President of Venezuela">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Pedro Gual Escandón</a> (Interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Crisóstomo Falcón">Juan Crisóstomo Falcón</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 February 1839 – 28 January 1843</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Carlos Soublette<br />(1839–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santos_Michelena" title="Santos Michelena">Santos Michelena</a><br />(1841–1843)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Soublette" title="Carlos Soublette">Carlos Soublette</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Carlos Soublette</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 January 1830 – 20 January 1835</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Bautista_Urbaneja" title="Diego Bautista Urbaneja">Diego Bautista Urbaneja</a><br />(1830–1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Navarte" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrés Navarte">Andrés Navarte</a><br />(1833–1835)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a><br />(as <a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_of_Venezuela" title="Third Republic of Venezuela">President of the Third Republic of Venezuela</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Narvarte" title="Andrés Narvarte">Andrés Narvarte</a> (Interim)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1790-06-13</span>)</span>13 June 1790<br /><a href="/wiki/Acarigua" title="Acarigua">Curpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguesa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguesa State">Portuguesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Captaincy General of Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 May 1873<span style="display:none">(1873-05-06)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dominga_Ortiz_Orz%C3%BAa" title="Dominga Ortiz Orzúa">Dominga Ortiz Orzúa</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1809)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbarita_Nieves" title="Barbarita Nieves">Barbarita Nieves</a><br />(1821–1847, her death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Military officer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Venezuela_(1836-1863).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281836-1863%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281836-1863%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281836-1863%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281836-1863%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Venezuela" title="State of Venezuela">State of Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="637" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Army">Venezuelan Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1809–1863</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GJEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GJEJB-GNB.png/20px-GJEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GJEJB-GNB.png/40px-GJEJB-GNB.png 1.5x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General-in-chief#Venezuela" title="General-in-chief">General in Chief</a> (from 1829)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venezuelan_War_of_Independence,_Peruvian_War_of_Independence_(Sent_military_forces_to_aid_Bol%C3%ADvar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venezuelan War of Independence, Peruvian War of Independence (Sent military forces to aid Bolívar) (page does not exist)">Venezuelan War of Independence, Peruvian War of Independence (Sent military forces to aid Bolívar)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José Antonio Páez Herrera</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xoˈse<span class="wrap"> </span>anˈtonjo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaes<span class="wrap"> </span>eˈreɾa]</a></span>; 13 June 1790 – 6 May 1873) was a <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> politician and military officer who served as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">president of Venezuela</a> three times. The first as the 5th president from 1830 to 1835, the second as the 8th president from 1839 to 1843, and the third as the 15th president from 1861 to 1863. He fought against the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–73)">Spanish Crown</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_War_of_Independence" title="Venezuelan War of Independence">Venezuelan War of Independence</a>. Páez later led Venezuela's independence from <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>. </p><p>Páez dominated the country's politics for most of the next three decades once the country had achieved independence from Gran Colombia, serving either as president or as the power behind puppet presidents. He is considered a prime example of a 19th-century South American <a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillo</a>. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> during his years in exile and died in the latter in 1873. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Páez was born in Curpa (now part of <a href="/wiki/Acarigua" title="Acarigua">Acarigua</a>), <a href="/wiki/Portuguesa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguesa State">Portuguesa State</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Captaincy General of Venezuela</a> – part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. His paternal grandmother, Luisa Antonia de Mendoza y Mota, was daughter of Luís Rodríguez de Mendoza, a native of <a href="/wiki/Icod_de_los_Vinos" title="Icod de los Vinos">Icod de los Vinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canary_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Canary Island">Canary Island</a>). He was of humble origins, his father being a low level employee of the colonial government. His mother Maria Violante Herrera is said to have been born in <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADbor" title="Quíbor">Quíbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lara_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Lara State">Lara</a> as one of the descendants of Welser German settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.ve-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had a nickname "La Catira de los ojos azules" (The blue-eyed blonde [The term "catira" is a feminine form of "catire", a <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Spanish" title="Venezuelan Spanish">Venezuelan</a> slang of "blond."]) As a boy he was forced to work like a slave. By the age of 20, Páez was married and earning a living by trading cattle. </p><p>Late in 1810, he joined a cavalry squadron, led by a former employer, set up with the purpose of fighting the colonial government. In 1813, he asked for leave from his squadron with the intent of setting and leading his own, which he did, joining the Western Republican Army with the rank of sergeant. Páez had an ingratiating personality which made him very much liked amongst those who knew him. He was also looked up to for his skills as a horseman and for his physical capabilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battles">Battles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG/250px-Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG/330px-Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG/500px-Batalla_de_Carabobo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Páez and his soldiers at the Carabobo battle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vuelvan_caras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vuelvan_caras.jpg/200px-Vuelvan_caras.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vuelvan_caras.jpg/300px-Vuelvan_caras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vuelvan_caras.jpg/400px-Vuelvan_caras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Páez at the battle of <i>Las Queseras del Medio</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Páez, a soldier at heart, started moving up the ranks by winning year after year several engagements against the royalists with his band of marauding <a href="/wiki/Llaneros" class="mw-redirect" title="Llaneros">llaneros</a> (plainsmen). He came to be known by the nicknames of "El Centauro de los Llanos" (The Centaur of the Plains), and "El León de Payara" (The Lion of Payara) or (The Lion of Apure). </p><p>Páez had been leading the fighting in the plains while <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> was busy with the eastern part of the country. Early in 1818, both men met to discuss better coordination of their efforts. They briefly combined their forces to fight <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Morillo" title="Pablo Morillo">Pablo Morillo</a>. This campaign included an incident wherein Páez and fifty of his men swam on horseback across the alligator-ridden <a href="/wiki/Apure_River" title="Apure River">Apure River</a>, seizing fourteen enemy boats in a rare instance of a cavalry attack defeating naval forces.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Páez was soon ordered to go back to the western plains, where he took from the Spanish the city of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Apure" title="San Fernando de Apure">San Fernando</a> in <a href="/wiki/Apure" title="Apure">Apure</a>. </p><p>Páez won all of six major battles that he led by himself, the most celebrated one being the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Queseras_del_Medio" title="Battle of Las Queseras del Medio">Battle of Las Queseras del Medio</a>. </p><p>Late in 1820, an armistice had been signed with the Spanish commander and a temporary suspension of hostilities had taken place. However, ongoing developments were making difficult to maintain the armistice and, consequently, it was agreed it would lapse on 28 April 1821. </p><p>All five major fighting groups of the Venezuelan army were to start moving towards a central area. Some with the purpose of joining together in one single group and others with the intention of guarding the approach to that region to prevent royalists units from other far away areas from converging and reinforcing the main Spanish army stationed in the same area. </p><p>In early June 1821, the 6,500 men republican army was divided and organized in three divisions. The 1st division, made up of 2,500 men, was under Páez's command and formed by two battalions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bravos_de_Apure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bravos de Apure (page does not exist)">Bravos de Apure</a> (Apure Braves) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cazadores_Britanicos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cazadores Britanicos (page does not exist)">Cazadores Britanicos</a> (British Hunters or as more often translated to English, the <a href="/wiki/British_Legions" title="British Legions">British Legions</a>) and seven cavalry regiments. </p><p>By 20 June, all three republican divisions converge from different directions in the plain of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Carabobo</a>. With the royalists well entrenched in the center and the south, on the morning of 21 June, Páez was given command of an additional cavalry regiment and ordered to take it together with his own division through the hills on the north side and into the plain and to engage the Spanish, while the 2nd division would stay behind Páez and the 3rd would remain in a defensive position waiting to engage the enemy in the center. </p><p>On seeing Páez's men move, the Spanish commander, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Torre" title="Miguel de la Torre">Miguel de la Torre</a>, orders one of his elite battalions, the Burgos, to reinforce and defend the north flank. Initially, the Spanish so fiercely engage the Bravos de Apure battalion that it had to fall back on two occasions. Páez sent his Cazadores Britanicos to help the Bravos and together they fought back the Spanish, now reinforced themselves by two additional battalions. As the fighting intensified, de la Torre sent more troops to the north. Páez then sent his cavalry further north to outflank the Spanish and come down on the plain from behind. At this moment, the battle is obviously going against the Spanish, who in desperation kept sending reinforcements. In the meantime, Páez's men were gaining terrain and closing on falling Spanish from all sides. Some of the Spanish battalions supposed to join and reinforce the engagement in the north, on seeing how their comrades are faring, decide to disobey orders and retreat. As it becomes evident that the republicans were winning the battle, the other divisions moved forward, but by now the bulk of the work had already been done by Páez and his men. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Battle of Carabobo</a>, the military fate of the Spanish army in Venezuela was sealed. The victory was carried by Páez. Bolívar promoted him on site to General in Chief of the republican army. </p><p>In the battle, the Spanish lost over 65% of their men; the survivors took refuge in the castle of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Cabello" title="Puerto Cabello">Puerto Cabello</a>. Until it was taken by Páez and his men in 1823, this was the last Spanish stronghold in Venezuela territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics,_La_Cosiata"><span id="Politics.2C_La_Cosiata"></span>Politics, La Cosiata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics, La Cosiata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez,_1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg/250px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg/500px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez%2C_1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>José Antonio Páez in 1828</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A1ez_by_Lewis_B._Adams.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/P%C3%A1ez_by_Lewis_B._Adams.JPG/180px-P%C3%A1ez_by_Lewis_B._Adams.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/P%C3%A1ez_by_Lewis_B._Adams.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Páez by Lewis B. Adams, 1838</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/250px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/500px-Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_by_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="3421" /></a><figcaption>José Antonio Páez, by <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Tovar_y_Tovar" title="Martín Tovar y Tovar">Martín Tovar y Tovar</a>, 1874.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the Battle of Carabobo, Páez was named General Commander of the provinces of Caracas and <a href="/wiki/Barinas_(state)" title="Barinas (state)">Barinas</a> (at the time they included the important regions of Caracas, <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a>, Barinas and Apure). </p><p>It had been Bolivar's dream to unite the liberated Spanish provinces into a single great country: La <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>. This was made up of present-day <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, Venezuela, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>. As the war against Spain came to an end, federalist and regionalist sentiments began to arise in these areas. </p><p>While Bolívar was engaged in military campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, he was unable to carry on his duties as president of Gran Colombia. As a result, the center of power of the executive branch was in Bogotá under the leadership of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Paula_Santander" title="Francisco de Paula Santander">Francisco de Paula Santander</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_New_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the New Granada">New Granada</a> (modern-day Colombia, Ecuador, and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>). While some leaders saw Gran Colombia as only a military necessity, others considered it an active administrative entity. Confusion arose between the central government in Bogotá and the provinces and the municipalities. </p><p>Páez and some Venezuelan politicians became uncomfortable. In 1826, after the Congress in Santa Fe de Bogotá under Santander found a Venezuelan hero from the independence war guilty of assassinating the French Colonel Emanuel Roergas Serviez in Colombia, Páez initiated and led a movement that became known as "<a href="/wiki/La_Cosiata" title="La Cosiata">La Cosiata</a>." (This word did not exist in the Spanish language; it was coined to refer to this movement, meaning something along the lines of "that weird thing without a name"). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg/250px-1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg/330px-1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg/500px-1843._A_la_voz_del_gobierno._P%C3%A1ez_y_Soublette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>José Antonio Páez receives from <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Soublette" title="Carlos Soublette">Carlos Soublette</a> the Sword of Honor on 19 March 1843</figcaption></figure> <p>La Cosiata started in April 1826 as a quasi-spontaneous movement (historical interpretations differ) of local politicians and figures supporting Páez. There was pressure in favor of Páez's removal from his office by some locals in Venezuela; they accused him of abusing his authority in relation to implementing orders coming from Bogotá. Páez himself allegedly disagreed with these, which called for the forced recruitment of men for the army. The Congress in Bogotá, including several of the Venezuelans among it, received complaints coming from Venezuela. They alleged that Páez had not properly understood the extent of his orders and had exceeded them in his implementation. Congress decided that it alone could judge Páez for his actions, and ordered him to go to Bogotá for trial. </p><p>Páez was initially willing to go. But, some of the local figures who had complained of Paez's actions now felt insulted that their leader was being forced to go to Bogotá to be tried. After a few days of uncertainty and tension in the streets, the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Carabobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Carabobo">Valencia</a> broke with Bogotá and claimed Páez as military commander. In the following days, leaders of more municipalities followed suit, including <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> (they had been among the first to accuse him of exceeding his orders.) Other municipalities and local officials did not join in this change of opinion. </p><p>In July, Santander declared Páez to be in open rebellion against the central government. While all this was happening, Páez wrote to Bolívar, asking him to come back to take charge and solve the imbroglio. </p><p>While Páez and his supporters were willing to have Bolívar as supreme leader, they were reluctant to follow Santander. While they wanted changes to be made to the constitution, they initially wanted to do it under Bolívar as part of the Gran Colombia. </p><p>Bolívar, finally returned from his campaigns in the south, took command of the executive towards the end of 1826. He assumed the extraordinary powers granted to him by the Congress. Conflicting letters between Santander and Bolívar, and Bolívar and Páez, created a degree of uncertainty as to what he would do. He finally declared a general amnesty to all those who were involved in La Cosiata. But, he put them on notice that from then on, any disobedience of his orders would be considered a crime against the state. </p><p>Páez welcomed Bolívar and accepted his authority, and Bolívar named him Supreme Civil and Military Commander of Venezuela. This action confused and disappointed both Santander in Bogotá and the few local officials in Venezuela who had not supported the La Cosiata. They were removed or transferred to other posts while those who had backed Páez remained or were promoted. </p><p>Until La Cosiata, Páez had been mostly respected as a result of his military successes during the war. From that time, he started to be seen as a politician with the power and the wit needed to pursue and defend any changes, or lack thereof, made under the constitutional order. Páez came out from La Cosiata with more power than he had before. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg/180px-Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg/270px-Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg/360px-Jose_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4441" data-file-height="6617" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Páez in 1854</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1830, Páez declared Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia and became president. Although he was not the first president of Venezuela (which declared its independence from Spain in 1811 and named <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Mendoza" title="Cristóbal Mendoza">Cristóbal Mendoza</a> as president), he was the first head of government after the dissolution of Gran Colombia. From 1830 to 1847, Páez was the most powerful man in Venezuela. He served as president only twice during this time (1830–1835 and 1839–1842), but ruled as the power behind puppet presidents when he was not in office. The government, dominated by the oligarchy, followed a constitution that had largely been written by Páez in 1830. Páez and the conservative oligarchy were conveniently allied because the oligarchy controlled a great amount of the country's wealth but was not popular with the masses, whereas Páez was very much liked by the masses. </p><p>Historians consider the period of the 1830s to the 1860s as a golden era in Venezuela's history, in contrast to previous and future dictatorships. But, the constitution was supported by Páez, a military caudillo, and the rule by law was dependent on his personal prestige. Paez generally respected the law and was not interested in personal gain, as demonstrated by the common conditions in which he lived. Between 1830 and 1848 under the power of Páez and the oligarchy, the economic power of the church was broken and its dominance destroyed. From then on, the conflict between church and state ended, unlike in other countries in Latin America. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_Antonio_Paez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jose_Antonio_Paez.jpg/180px-Jose_Antonio_Paez.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Jose_Antonio_Paez.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of José Antonio Páez in the middle of the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1842, Páez arranged to have the remains of Simón Bolívar repatriated from Santa Marta, Colombia, to the Liberator's hometown of Caracas. His funeral procession was accompanied by exuberant honors before Bolivar's remains were entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Caracas_Cathedral" title="Caracas Cathedral">Caracas Cathedral</a>. </p><p>In 1847 President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tadeo_Monagas" title="José Tadeo Monagas">José Tadeo Monagas</a>, who was put into power by Páez, dispersed the Congress and proclaimed himself dictator. Páez led a rebellion against him but was defeated by General <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Mari%C3%B1o" title="Santiago Mariño">Santiago Mariño</a> in the 'Battle of the Araguatos', imprisoned, and eventually exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Páez was <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> from the country in 1850 and did not return until 1858. In 1861, Páez returned to power as president and supreme dictator, but ruled for only two years before again returning to exile. During this period, <a href="/wiki/Erastus_D._Culver" title="Erastus D. Culver">Erastus D. Culver</a>, an attorney and judge from New York, was appointed as American Minister to Venezuela in 1862. He presented himself to Páez, not realizing that the United States did not officially recognize the dictator. He and Culver established amicable relations nonetheless. </p><p>Páez lived in New York City during his years in exile. He returned in 1863 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger-details/czoxMzoiOTAxMjAwNzEzNzYzNSI7/czo5OiJwYXNzZW5nZXIiOw==">Boarding Pass</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, living there for another decade before his death in 1873. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Páez was married to <a href="/wiki/Dominga_Ortiz_Orz%C3%BAa" title="Dominga Ortiz Orzúa">Dominga Ortiz Orzúa</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Ladies_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="List of First Ladies of Venezuela">First Lady of Venezuela</a> from 1830 until 1835, and 1839 until 1843. She was First Lady again from 1861 until 1863.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Páez suffered from <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, even experiencing a seizure during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Battle of Carabobo</a> in 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dominga Ortiz Orzúa"><img alt="Dominga Ortiz Orzúa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg/83px-Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg/124px-Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg/166px-Dominga_Ortiz_de_P%C3%A1ez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dominga_Ortiz_Orz%C3%BAa" title="Dominga Ortiz Orzúa">Dominga Ortiz Orzúa</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Paez_Medal_of_Arts">The Paez Medal of Arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Paez Medal of Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paez_Medal_of_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paez Medal of Arts (page does not exist)">Paez Medal of Arts</a></b> is a condecoration awarded by The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venezuelan_American_Endowment_for_the_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venezuelan American Endowment for the Arts (page does not exist)">Venezuelan American Endowment for the Arts</a> (VAEA) that is presented once a year to an individual or group that has had an impact and contributed to excellence, growth, support and the proliferation of the <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named in honor of José Antonio Páez, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_War_of_Independence" title="Venezuelan War of Independence">Independence of Venezuela</a>, who lived in exile the last years in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, where he became a philanthropist.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/32px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/48px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/64px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Venezuela" title="Portal:Venezuela">Venezuela portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Venezuela">Presidents of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">List of presidents of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_War_of_Independence" title="Venezuelan War of Independence">Venezuelan War of Independence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John A. Crow. 1992. <i>The Epic of Latin America</i>. Fourth Edition. California University Press.</li> <li>Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith. 2004. <i>Modern Latin America</i>. Sixth Edition. Oxford University Press. (hereafter S&S)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208044856/http://www.gobiernoenlinea.gob.ve/venezuela/perfil_presidente1.html">José Antonio Páez – Official biography.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305184218/http://elguanche.net/Ficheros3/emigracionytrascendenciaagm8.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20120305184218/http://elguanche.net/Ficheros3/emigracionytrascendenciaagm8.htm</a>. LA EMIGRACION Y SU TRASCENDENCIA EN LA HISTORIA DEL PUEBLO CANARIO (VIII) (THE Emigration AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE HISTORY of CANARY (VIII)) (Accessed on 5 October 2010 at 17:55 (VIII))(In Spanish).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.ve-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFV,_C.V.C.1991" class="citation book cs1">V, C.V.C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=798YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49"><i>Espejismos: prosas dispersas</i></a>. Academia Nacional de la Historia. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789802225613" title="Special:BookSources/9789802225613"><bdi>9789802225613</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Espejismos%3A+prosas+dispersas&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Academia+Nacional+de+la+Historia&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789802225613&rft.au=V%2C+C.V.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D798YAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Antonio+P%C3%A1ez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google10_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartínez,_V.R.1973" class="citation book cs1">Martínez, V.R. 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rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Office created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> </b><br />13 January 1830 – 20 January 1835 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Narvarte" title="Andrés Narvarte">Andrés Narvarte</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Soublette" title="Carlos Soublette">Carlos Soublette</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of Venezuela </b><br />1 February 1839 – 28 January 1843 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Carlos Soublette</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Pedro Gual</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of Venezuela </b><br />29 August 1861 – 15 June 1863 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Crisóstomo Falcón">Juan Crisóstomo Falcón</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Presidents of Venezuela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Venezuela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Venezuela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="President_of_Venezuela_(list)307" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 1830</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Páez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Narvarte" title="Andrés Narvarte">Narvarte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Vargas" title="José María Vargas">Vargas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Carre%C3%B1o" title="José María Carreño">Carreño</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Vargas" title="José María Vargas">Vargas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Narvarte" title="Andrés Narvarte">Narvarte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Carre%C3%B1o" title="José María Carreño">Carreño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Soublette" title="Carlos Soublette">Soublette</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Páez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Soublette" title="Carlos Soublette">Soublette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tadeo_Monagas" title="José Tadeo Monagas">J. T. Monagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gregorio_Monagas" title="José Gregorio Monagas">J. G. Monagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tadeo_Monagas" title="José Tadeo Monagas">J. T. Monagas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Gual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Castro_(Venezuelan_politician)" title="Julián Castro (Venezuelan politician)">J. Castro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Gual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Felipe_de_Tovar" title="Manuel Felipe de Tovar">Tovar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Gual</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Páez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Crisóstomo Falcón">Falcón</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ezequiel_Bruzual" title="Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual">Bruzual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Villegas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ruperto_Monagas" title="José Ruperto Monagas">J. R. Monagas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Villegas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Linares_Alc%C3%A1ntara" title="Francisco Linares Alcántara">Linares</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gregorio_Valera" title="José Gregorio Valera">Valera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Crespo" title="Joaquín Crespo">Crespo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Guzmán</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3genes_L%C3%B3pez" title="Hermógenes López">H. López</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Rojas_Pa%C3%BAl" title="Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl">Rojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Andueza_Palacio" title="Raimundo Andueza Palacio">Andueza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Villegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas_Pulido" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido">Villegas Pulido</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Crespo" title="Joaquín Crespo">Crespo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipriano_Castro" title="Cipriano Castro">C. Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_G%C3%B3mez" title="Juan Vicente Gómez">Gómez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gil_Fortoul" title="José Gil Fortoul">Gil Fortoul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victorino_M%C3%A1rquez_Bustillos" title="Victorino Márquez Bustillos">Márquez</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_G%C3%B3mez" title="Juan Vicente Gómez">Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_P%C3%A9rez" title="Juan Bautista Pérez">J. Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_G%C3%B3mez" title="Juan Vicente Gómez">Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_L%C3%B3pez_Contreras" title="Eleazar López Contreras">López Contreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa%C3%ADas_Medina_Angarita" title="Isaías Medina Angarita">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Gallegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Delgado_Chalbaud" title="Carlos Delgado Chalbaud">Delgado Chalbaud</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n_Su%C3%A1rez_Flamerich" title="Germán Suárez Flamerich">Suárez Flamerich</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Pérez Jiménez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Larraz%C3%A1bal" title="Wolfgang Larrazábal">Larrazábal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Sanabria" title="Edgar Sanabria">Sanabria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Leoni" title="Raúl Leoni">Leoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caldera" title="Rafael Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez" title="Carlos Andrés Pérez">C. Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Herrera_Campins" title="Luis Herrera Campins">Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Lusinchi" title="Jaime Lusinchi">Lusinchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez" title="Carlos Andrés Pérez">C. Pérez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Lepage" title="Octavio Lepage">Lepage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Jos%C3%A9_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Ramón José Velásquez">Velásquez</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caldera" title="Rafael Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">Cabello</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Guaidó</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/90px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/135px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/180px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Acting / interim / caretaker presidents shown in <i>italics</i> <br /> <sup>1</sup> Recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">National Assembly</a> as "interim president" during the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a> until 2023</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304900#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2628" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304900#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2628" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304900#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122810483">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65251755">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/17581/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJth8BQ7hKY6vJFxmDvCQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/104774421X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051848">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12400195x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12400195x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35038769">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1015759">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072315474">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Páez, José Antonio, 1790-1873"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000074456&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810608160505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/266460">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007277672005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058509388406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Páez, José Antonio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09780463?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/808726">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/104774421X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033101280">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6np304j">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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