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selflink">Statutory damages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_damages" title="Treble damages">Treble damages</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Equitable_remedy" title="Equitable remedy">Equitable remedies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">Injunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_performance" title="Specific performance">Specific performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_trust" title="Constructive trust">Constructive trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account_of_profits" title="Account of profits">Account of profits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescission_(contract_law)" title="Rescission (contract law)">Rescission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectification_(law)" title="Rectification (law)">Rectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrogation" title="Subrogation">Subrogation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adequate_remedy" title="Adequate remedy">Adequate remedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_of_remedies" title="Election of remedies">Election of remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_remedy" title="Provisional remedy">Provisional remedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_(law)" title="Tracing (law)">Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_costs" title="Court costs">Court costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_judgment" title="Declaratory judgment">Declaratory relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restitution_and_unjust_enrichment" title="Restitution and unjust enrichment">Restitution</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judicial_remedies" title="Template:Judicial remedies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judicial_remedies" title="Template talk:Judicial remedies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judicial_remedies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judicial remedies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Statutory damages</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Damages" title="Damages">damage</a> award in <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil law</a>, in which the amount awarded is stipulated within the statute rather than being calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff. Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in which it is difficult to determine a precise value of the loss suffered by the victim. This could be because calculation of a value is impractical, such as in intellectual property cases where the volume of the infringement cannot be ascertained. It could also be because the nature of the injury is subjective, such as in cases of a violation of a person's rights. The award might serve not only as compensation but also for deterrence, and it is more likely to succeed in serving a deterrence function when the potential defendants are relatively sophisticated parties.<sup id="cite_ref-Announcing_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Announcing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other functions that can be served by statutory damages include reducing administrative costs and clarifying the consequences of violating the law.<sup id="cite_ref-Announcing_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Announcing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of statutory damages can be set on a per-incident basis, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Debt_Collection_Practices_Act" title="Fair Debt Collection Practices Act">Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</a>, which gives statutory damages of up to $1,000 for a violation of its provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amounts could also be set per day, as in acts proscribing human-rights violations which might specify damages of $1,000 per day.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term also applies wherein damages are a multiple of what the legally entitled payment would have been in the matter, which would be typical for copyright or trademark infringement. </p><p>The principle of <i><a href="/wiki/In_pari_delicto" title="In pari delicto">in pari delicto</a></i> applies,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> preventing people from suing others for crimes in which they also are equally at fault. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Intellectual property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> cases (relating to <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a>, for instance), it is often difficult for <a href="/wiki/Plaintiff" title="Plaintiff">plaintiffs</a> to determine the exact volume of infringement. Thus, statutory damages are often calculated as a multiple of the price for the use of the property, if the infringer had requested and paid for permission.<sup id="cite_ref-wipo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wipo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other statutes may set a fixed amount for each day the violation occurred, for each violation, work, article, or type of good. </p> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="United States copyright law">United States</a>, statutory damages are set at a minimum of $750 per work, to a maximum of $150,000.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Europe, directive 2004/48/EC on the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights bases the damages on, "the amount of royalties which would have been due if the infringer has requested authorisation".<sup id="cite_ref-wipo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wipo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lanham_Act" title="Lanham Act">Lanham (Trademark) Act</a> provides for minimum damages of $1000 and a maximum of $2,000,000 (if willful) for using a counterfeit trademark in commerce (15 U.S.C. § 1117(c), Lanham Act Section 35(c).) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">Electronic Communications Privacy Act</a> provides for statutory damages for various wiretap offences of $100 per day, up to $10000.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>One area of debate between legal and economic scholars that pertains to the quantification of statutory patent damages is whether the court may rely on information that postdates the determined date of the hypothetical negotiation between the patent holder and the alleged infringer. Some commentators argue that the court should rely on postdate information to deter patent infringement and ensure the patent holder's adequate compensation,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others argue that doing so would "give the potential licensee a free option to infringe, which would discourage the potential licensee from promptly entering into a licensing agreement."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>California's <a href="/wiki/Unruh_Civil_Rights_Act" title="Unruh Civil Rights Act">Unruh Civil Rights Act</a> (Civ. Code, § 51 section 52) provides for minimum damages of $4000 <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for victims of discrimination under the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans with Disabilities Act">Americans with Disabilities Act</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_damages_for_copyright_infringement" title="Statutory damages for copyright infringement">Statutory damages for copyright infringement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Announcing-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Announcing_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Announcing_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBray2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bray, Samuel L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=in+pari+delicto&rft.pub=Law.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.law.com%2FDefault.aspx%3Fselected%3D971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wipo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wipo_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wipo_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103094152/http://www.wipo.int/enforcement/en/faq/judiciary/faq08.html">"Which kind of damages are available in IP disputes?"</a>. World Intellectual Property Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/enforcement/en/faq/judiciary/faq08.html#pre">the original</a> on 2013-11-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+kind+of+damages+are+available+in+IP+disputes%3F&rft.pub=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fenforcement%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Fjudiciary%2Ffaq08.html%23pre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html">"Circular 92, Title 17, Section 504.c.1"</a>. United States Copyright office. October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circular+92%2C+Title+17%2C+Section+504.c.1&rft.pub=United+States+Copyright+office&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copyright.gov%2Ftitle17%2F92chap5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/1117.shtml">"15 U.S.C. 1117. Recovery for violation of rights"</a>. Cornell University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+U.S.C.+1117.+Recovery+for+violation+of+rights&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2F15%2F1117.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/search/display.html?terms=statutory%20damages&url=/uscode/html/uscode18/usc_sec_18_00002520----000-.html">"TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 119 > § 2520"</a>. Cornell University Law School<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TITLE+18+%3E+PART+I+%3E+CHAPTER+119+%3E+%C2%A7+2520&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Law+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Fsearch%2Fdisplay.html%3Fterms%3Dstatutory%2520damages%26url%3D%2Fuscode%2Fhtml%2Fuscode18%2Fusc_sec_18_00002520----000-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael K. Dunbar & Roman L. Weil, <i>Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Damages Calculations</i>, <i>in</i> LITIGATION SERVICES HANDBOOK: THE ROLE OF THE FINANCIAL EXPERT § 5.4.b.i (Roman L. Weil, Daniel G. Lentz & David P. Hoffman eds., Wiley 5th ed. 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Gregory Sidak, <i>How Relevant Is Justice Cardozo's "Book of Wisdom" to Patent Damages?</i>, 16 COLUMBIA SCI. & TECH. L. REV. at 28 (forthcoming 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.criterioneconomics.com/justice-cardozos-book-of-wisdom-and-patent-damages.html">https://www.criterioneconomics.com/justice-cardozos-book-of-wisdom-and-patent-damages.html</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nixonpeabody.com/publications_detail3.asp?ID=2793">"Unintentional discrimination yields unexpected winfall"</a>. Nixon Peabody<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unintentional+discrimination+yields+unexpected+winfall&rft.pub=Nixon+Peabody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nixonpeabody.com%2Fpublications_detail3.asp%3FID%3D2793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStatutory+damages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1967184">Samuel L. Bray, Announcing Remedies, 97 Cornell Law Review 753 (2012)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1351497">Sheila B. Scheuerman, Due Process Forgotten: The Problem of Statutory Damages and Class Actions 74 Missouri Law Review 103 (2009)</a></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&oldid=969042720">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statutory_damages&oldid=969042720</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judicial_remedies" title="Category:Judicial remedies">Judicial remedies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statutory_law" title="Category:Statutory law">Statutory law</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 July 2020, at 01:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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