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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lisin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lisin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name_and_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_and_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Name and character </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Name_and_character-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Name and character subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Name_and_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Gender </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_reinterpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_reinterpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Later reinterpretation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_reinterpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Mesopotamian_astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Mesopotamian_astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 In Mesopotamian astronomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Mesopotamian_astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations_with_other_deities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations_with_other_deities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Associations with other deities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations_with_other_deities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Worship </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Worship subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ĜEŠ.GI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ĜEŠ.GI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 ĜEŠ.GI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ĜEŠ.GI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adab_and_Kesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adab_and_Kesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Adab and Kesh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adab_and_Kesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Umma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lagash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lagash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Lagash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lagash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nippur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nippur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Nippur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nippur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Other cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mesopotamian deity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lisin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lisin (disambiguation)">Lisin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #228B22; color: #FFFFFF;">Lisin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data">ĜEŠ.GI (possibly <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salabikh" title="Abu Salabikh">Abu Salabikh</a>), possibly <a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kesh_(Sumer)" title="Kesh (Sumer)">Kesh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">initially female, later male<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #228B22; color: #FFFFFF;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ashgi" title="Ashgi">Ashgi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">KU-anna, KU-kita, KU-ta-abzu, KU-kita-abzu, Irḫangul, Kituš-Keš, Lalanna, Urnuntae<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198733-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lisin was a <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian deity">Mesopotamian deity</a> initially regarded as a goddess and addressed as ama, "mother," who later came to be regarded as a god and developed an association with fire. The name was also applied to a star associated with <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a>, presumed to correspond to <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a>. Lisin's spouse was <a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a>, whose gender also changed between periods. It was believed that they had eight children. The initial cult center of Lisin is uncertain, with locations such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salabikh" title="Abu Salabikh">Abu Salabikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kesh_(Sumer)" title="Kesh (Sumer)">Kesh</a> being often proposed. She is attested in texts from various cities, including <a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Me-Turan" title="Me-Turan">Meturan</a>. Only a single literary text focused on Lisin is known, a lament in which she mourns the death of one of her sons, for which she blames her mother <a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a>. Both female and male version of Lisin also appears in other similar texts. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_character">Name and character</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and character">edit</a>]</div> Lisin's name was written as <a href="/wiki/Dingir" title="Dingir">d</a>li9-si4 (𒀭𒉈𒋜) in <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> It is sometimes romanized as Lisi instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993182-4">[4]</a> The reading with n as the final consonant is based on <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a> forms in which the final sign is na, such as the <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric name</a> Geme-Lisina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> Due to uncertainties about sign values, the spelling dNE.GÙN was used in early <a href="/wiki/Assyriological" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyriological">Assyriological</a> literature, but it was possible to establish the correct reading based on ancient <a href="/wiki/Lexical_lists" title="Lexical lists">lexical lists</a> providing pronunciation glosses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELitke199875-5">[5]</a> The meaning of the name is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> Lisin's character also remains poorly known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gender">edit</a>]</div> Lisin is addressed as ama, "mother," in one of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Zame_Hymns" title="Zame Hymns">Zame Hymns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> Authors such as <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Black_(assyriologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Black (assyriologist)">Jeremy Black</a>, Anthony Green<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebhard_J._Selz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebhard J. Selz (page does not exist)">Gebhard J. Selz</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebhard_J._Selz" class="extiw" title="de:Gebhard J. Selz">de</a>], relying on this fact, describe her as a "<a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> However, according to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Krebernik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Krebernik (page does not exist)">Manfred Krebernik</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Krebernik" class="extiw" title="de:Manfred Krebernik">de</a>] and Jan Lisman this epithet does not necessarily indicate maternal characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman2020160-10">[10]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Joan_Goodnick_Westenholz" title="Joan Goodnick Westenholz">Joan Goodnick Westenholz</a>, it should be understood as a title highlighting the protective nature of goddesses regarded as tutelary deities of specific cities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348–49-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> Despite ama being her most common epithet, Lisin came to be viewed as a male deity in later periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> In texts postdating the <a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian period">Old Babylonian period</a>, and uncommonly also earlier,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> the genders of Lisin and her spouse <a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a> were switched around,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201318-15">[14]</a> and in the god list <a href="/wiki/An_%3D_Anum" title="An = Anum">An = Anum</a> the former is male and the latter female.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103-1">[1]</a> The fact that in Old Babylonian god lists Lisin precedes Ninsikila might have influenced the reinterpretation of their gender.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> Furthermore, it is also possible the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmunite</a> goddess homophonous, but not identical, with Ninsikila,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103-1">[1]</a> whose original name was <a href="/wiki/Meskilak" title="Meskilak">Meskilak</a> but who came to be referred to as Ninsikila in Mesopotamia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernik199793–94-16">[15]</a> was a factor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> According to Westenholz, the gender of Lisin did not change in laments, in which she continued to be addressed as a female deity even in later periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> However, Paul Delnero states that a fragment of a single lament in which Lisin is male is known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelnero2020482-17">[16]</a> Lisin is also treated as a female deity in <a href="/wiki/Udug-hul" class="mw-redirect" title="Udug-hul">Udug Hul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310-18">[17]</a> a corpus of incantations which remained in circulation until the end of the use of cuneiform in Mesopotamia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller20153-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_reinterpretation">Later reinterpretation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later reinterpretation">edit</a>]</div> In various esoteric texts, an association between Lisin and fire and burning developed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310-18">[17]</a> An explanatory text, referred to as The Weapon Name Exposition by Alasdair Livingstone, includes an invented <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> etymology of Lisin's name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198658-20">[19]</a> The deity, in this case treated as male, is described as "he who burns with fire" and "he who burns on an offering", relying on the use of the first sign of the name to write the verb qalû, "to burn," and the second one to represent the nouns izi and išātu, "fire".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660-21">[20]</a> A third explanation of the name provided, "the handsome one, the burning one", relies on explaining the first sign as banû, "to be beautiful", and on treating izi, the value previously established for the second sign, as analogous to qalû.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660–61-22">[21]</a> According to Markham J. Geller, an <a href="/wiki/Udug-hul" class="mw-redirect" title="Udug-hul">Udug Hul</a> incantation in which Lisin, in this text referred to as a goddess, appears when ingredients needed for the ritual are cooked might also depend on the association with fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310-18">[17]</a> The fact that an esoteric text which equates deities with various materials and objects assigns "white fumes" to Lisin is also presumed to depend on a similar invented etymology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone1986183-23">[22]</a> In incantations, Lisin could be associated with a variety of other materials, including hūlu and kibrītu, both presumed to be minerals, horn of the <a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">gazelle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a> ninû, azupiru, and sahlû.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller201524-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Mesopotamian_astronomy">In Mesopotamian astronomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Mesopotamian astronomy">edit</a>]</div> In the first millennium BCE in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian astronomy">Mesopotamian astronomy</a> Lisin's name came to be used as the designation of the star known today as <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> (α Scorpionis).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunger198732-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWee2016143-26">[25]</a> Based on the fact that the star could also be referred to as "the breast of the scorpion" (mulGABA GIR2.TAB), Gabriella Spada argues that Lisin herself was at some point associated with scorpions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201645-27">[26]</a> The compendium <a href="/wiki/MUL.APIN" title="MUL.APIN">MUL.APIN</a> states that praying to the star Lisin when it was visible in the sky could secure good luck as long as all members of the petitioner's household were woken up to partake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrul2018185-28">[27]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hunger" title="Hermann Hunger">Hermann Hunger</a>, despite the origin of its name, the star was associated with <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunger198732-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations_with_other_deities">Associations with other deities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Associations with other deities">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a> was regarded as Lisin's mother,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952-7">[7]</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a> as her father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerShipp2014119-29">[28]</a> Her brother was <a href="/wiki/Ashgi" title="Ashgi">Ashgi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> However, for unknown reasons in the Old Babylonian forerunner of the god list <a href="/wiki/An_%3D_Anum" title="An = Anum">An = Anum</a> Lisin appears separately from the section dedicated to Ninhursag and her family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters20236-30">[29]</a> Lisin's spouse was <a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a>, and eight children are assigned to them in the god list An = Anum: KU-anna, KU-kita, KU-ta-abzu, KU-kita-abzu (reading of the first sign in all four names is uncertain), Irḫangul, Kituš-Keš, Lalanna (or Lulalanna) and Urnuntae.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198733-2">[2]</a> Urnuntae is also attested as a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bau_(goddess)" title="Bau (goddess)">Bau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ningirsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningirsu">Ningirsu</a> in early sources from Lagash,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023130-31">[30]</a> which might indicate a degree of interchange between the local pantheons of this state and <a href="/wiki/Kesh_(Sumer)" title="Kesh (Sumer)">Kesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023205-32">[31]</a> In literary texts portraying her as a mourning goddess, Lisin could be equated with other similar deities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> For example, Antoine Cavigneaux and Manfred Krebernik note the existence of an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Er%C5%A1emma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eršemma (page does not exist)">eršemma</a> composition which implicitly identifies her with Ninhursag, Dingirmaḫ and <a href="/wiki/Ninmug" title="Ninmug">Ninmug</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavigneauxKrebernik1998472-33">[32]</a> Mark E. Cohen proposed that Lisin and Dingirmaḫ were already equated in the Early Dynastic period, and that the correspondence between them was responsible for the apparent interest in the <a href="/wiki/Kesh_temple_hymn" title="Kesh temple hymn">Kesh temple hymn</a> among the scribes from Abu Salabikh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197692-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[b]</a> Dina Katz additionally notes similarities in the portrayal of Lisin and <a href="/wiki/Duttur" title="Duttur">Duttur</a> as mourning goddesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatz2003364-38">[36]</a> The male form of Lisin could be sometimes treated as comparable to <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a>, or alternatively as one of the members of his entourage or one of his deified weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023295-39">[37]</a> In ritual texts from the first millennium BCE, Lisin appears as a member of the household of <a href="/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a> of Euršaba<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018203-40">[38]</a> alongside deities such as Qibi-dumqi and <a href="/wiki/U%E1%B9%A3ur-am%C4%81ssu" title="Uṣur-amāssu">Uṣur-amāssu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018213-41">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Worship">edit</a>]</div> Oldest known attestations of Lisin have been identified in texts from <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salabikh" title="Abu Salabikh">Abu Salabikh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> It is assumed that her position in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian pantheon">Mesopotamian pantheon</a> was initially high.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> However, references to worship of her postdating the third millennium BCE are uncommon,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> and it is presumed that she lost her initial importance at some point in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian period">Old Babylonian period</a> or earlier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201645-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ĜEŠ.GI">ĜEŠ.GI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ĜEŠ.GI">edit</a>]</div> Piotr Michalowski states that the main cult center of Lisin is unknown,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> but Manfred Krebernik and Jan Lisman note that in the final, seventieth section of the <a href="/wiki/Zame_Hymns" title="Zame Hymns">Zame Hymns</a> from Early Dynastic Abu Salabikh, she is designated as the tutelary goddess of ĜEŠ.GI.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202014-42">[40]</a> The reading Ĝišgi has been proposed for this toponym.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> It is referred to with the epithet "good place" (ki du10).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman2020156-43">[41]</a> Mark E. Cohen proposed identifying ĜEŠ.GI with Abu Salabikh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197692-34">[33]</a> He argued that it can be assumed Lisin was the city goddess of this site in the Early Dynastic period based on her position as the final deity mentioned in the Zame Hymns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197691-44">[42]</a> He also noted that the toponym ĜEŠ.GI is otherwise chiefly attested in texts from <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a>, which would match Abu Salabikh's location.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197692-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[c]</a> It lies 12 kilometers to the northwest of Nippur, and it is possible in antiquity the two sites were linked by a canal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiggsHansen19745-46">[43]</a> Cohen also notes that excavations at Abu Salabikh indicate that it was abandoned before the <a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian period">Old Babylonian period</a>, when Lisin evidently no longer had a specific cult center.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197692-34">[33]</a> The identification of ĜEŠ.GI as Abu Salabikh is also supported by Manfred Krebernik and Jan Lisman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202014-42">[40]</a> They propose that the Zame Hymns were originally composed to commemorate the foundation of a <a href="/wiki/%C3%89_(temple)" title="É (temple)">temple</a> dedicated to Lisin, and later were performed during ceremonies commemorating this event.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202020–21-47">[44]</a> They speculate an annual or otherwise cyclical celebration might have taken place in her honor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202021-48">[45]</a> However, the identification of Abu Salabikh as ĜEŠ.GI is not universally accepted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adab_and_Kesh">Adab and Kesh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adab and Kesh">edit</a>]</div> Authors such as Piotr Michalowski,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> Jeremy Black and Anthony Green assume that <a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kesh_(Sumer)" title="Kesh (Sumer)">Kesh</a> were among Lisin's primary cult centers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122-8">[8]</a> According to Marcos Such-Gutiérrez attestations of Lisin from Adab are limited to <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric names</a> from the Early Dynastic and <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Old Akkadian</a> periods, such as Ur-Lisin (attested in both periods) and Gan-Lisin (attested only in the latter).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuch-Gutiérrez200522-49">[46]</a> It has also been argued that the fact one of her children, Kituš-Keš ("Kesh is the residence"), was named after Kesh confirms the assumption she was associated with it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993208-50">[47]</a> The fact a month named after Lisin, itiezem-dli9-si4, is attested in texts from <a href="/wiki/Tell_al-Wilayah" title="Tell al-Wilayah">Tell al-Wilayah</a> has been used to argue this site corresponds to Kesh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993208-50">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umma">Umma</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Umma">edit</a>]</div> In the local calendar of Umma, the third month, iti dLi9-si4, was named after Lisin, but there is no indication that any festival dedicated to her took place at this time, which might mean it was borrowed from the calendar of another city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993182-4">[4]</a> A <a href="/wiki/%C3%89_(temple)" title="É (temple)">temple</a> dedicated to her is mentioned in one of the inscriptions of <a href="/wiki/Lugal-zage-si" title="Lugal-zage-si">Lugalzagesi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramanti2017130-51">[48]</a> The Canonical Temple List, most likely composed in the second half of the <a href="/wiki/Kassite_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Kassite period">Kassite period</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge19936-52">[49]</a> as well as other sources, also mention the existence of a temple of Lisin, Euršaba (possibly to be translated from <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> as "house, oracle of the heart"), which according to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._George" title="Andrew R. George">Andrew R. George</a> was located in Umma.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge1993157-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[d]</a> Texts from Umma also document offerings made to Lisin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993182-4">[4]</a> Furthermore, at one point a man bearing the theophoric name Ur-Lisin served as the governor of this city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013202-56">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lagash">Lagash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lagash">edit</a>]</div> Early texts from the state of Lagash mention the itu ezem dLi8-si4(-na), "month of the festival of Lisin".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> In the Early Dynastic period it was the seventh or eighth month in the local calendar, and took place five or six months before the harvest, but later on it became the third month, and occurred eight months before the harvest season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJagersma2007307-57">[53]</a> As of 1993, no information was available on the celebrations which took place during it, with the exception of a reference to offerings on the day of the new moon in Urub, which did not involve the goddess in mention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen199351-58">[54]</a> In a more recent publication, Bram Jagersma states that a festival dedicated to Lisin took place at this time in the <a href="/wiki/Ur_III_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III period">Ur III period</a>, but no details are provided in known texts, and while he assumes it might have involved <a href="/wiki/Funerary_cult" title="Funerary cult">funerary offerings</a>, no primary sources directly supporting this theory are available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJagersma2007303-59">[55]</a> Other evidence for the worship of Lisin in Lagash includes a single text mentions a water reservoir at the temple dedicated to her, whose precise location remains unknown, and theophoric names such as Ur-Lisin and ḪE-Lisin (reading of the first sign uncertain).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> Gebhard J. Selz notes that the small number of attestations of Lisin from Lagash is unexpected and contrasts with her apparent importance implied by the month name, the existence of a location associated with her, and other evidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nippur">Nippur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nippur">edit</a>]</div> Lisin is attested in an offering list from Nippur from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> and in theophoric names such as Lisin-ummi and Lisin-bani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201645-27">[26]</a> She is also present in the Nippur god list, in which she occurs between <a href="/wiki/Uttu" title="Uttu">Uttu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alammu%C5%A1" title="Alammuš">Alammuš</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson200916-60">[56]</a> In a different god list, referred to as "shorter An = Anum"<a href="#cite_note-62">[e]</a> and most likely composed in the <a href="/wiki/Kassite_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Kassite period">Kassite period</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters202333-63">[58]</a> Lisin is described as the divine "mayor" (EN URU.MU, bēl āli-ia5) of Nippur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023284-64">[59]</a> Ryan D. Winters assumes that this attestation reflects the portrayals of Lisin as an attendant or deified weapon of Ninurta.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023295-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cities">Other cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other cities">edit</a>]</div> It has been suggested that in early periods Lisin was worshiped in <a href="/wiki/Sirara" title="Sirara">Sirara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a>, a certain Ṣālilum dedicated a <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a> bowl for the life of <a href="/wiki/Rim-S%C3%AEn_I" title="Rim-Sîn I">Rim-Sîn I</a> to Lisin and <a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a>, according to Douglas Frayne with former to be interpreted as a god and the latter as a goddess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayne1990305-65">[60]</a> However, according to Gabriella Spada it is also possible that Lisin is female in this text.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201645-27">[26]</a> She also appears in a legal text from the reign of the same king which might be an example of a so-called "temple loan", as it presents her as the creditor who borrowed a certain amount of silver to two people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201644-66">[61]</a> Texts focused on Lisin have also been found during the excavations in <a href="/wiki/Me-Turan" title="Me-Turan">Meturan</a>, and according to Antoine Cavigneaux and Farouk Al-Rawi might indicate the existence of a local cult dedicated to her in this city in the Old Babylonian period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavigneauxAl-Rawi199392-67">[62]</a> She is attested in theophoric names from this site,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2020132-68">[63]</a> Lisina-akkam and Lu-Lisina, with the latter attested on a <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seal</a> with an inscription documenting the owner's personal devotion to her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavigneauxAl-Rawi199392-67">[62]</a> The copyist of one of the surviving examples of the god list Anšar = Anum, Itti-Marduk-balātu, mentioned Lisin in its <a href="/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)" title="Colophon (publishing)">colophon</a> as one of the deities he was devoted to, alongside <a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Sin</a> and Nanaya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023592-69">[64]</a> This text has been dated to the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian period</a>, and likely comes from <a href="/wiki/Sippar" title="Sippar">Sippar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023588-70">[65]</a> A possible late reference to Lisin occurs in a ritual text from <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> which lists various deities worshiped alongside <a href="/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a> in her temple Euršaba who accompanied her during a journey to <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018203-40">[38]</a> The tablets reflect late Babylonian conventions, and might come from either the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arsacid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid">Arsacid</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018189-71">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mythology">edit</a>]</div> Only a single literary composition focused on Lisin is known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> It is referred to as Lisin A in Assyriological literature, following the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Text_Corpus_of_Sumerian_Literature" title="Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature">Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature</a> naming system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952-7">[7]</a> It was most likely composed in the Old Babylonian period,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> and copies are known from various locations, including <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Me-Turan" title="Me-Turan">Meturan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2020132-68">[63]</a> It was a part of the curriculum of <a href="/wiki/Eduba" title="Eduba">scribal schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2020131-72">[67]</a> Since the Meturan copy of has been found in a house whose inhabitant, a certain Bēlšunu, had relatives bearing theophoric names invoking Lisin, it is possible the text was connected to the active worship of this goddess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2020132-68">[63]</a> It focuses on her lament over the death of her son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">[3]</a> She apparently blames her mother, <a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a>, for it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952-7">[7]</a> The text states that her cries reached the cult center of the latter, <a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201955-73">[68]</a> Some of the discovered copies have the composition <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a> and Namzitara inscribed on the reverse of the tablet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2020131-72">[67]</a> Lisin is also referenced in a single line of the lament Egime and Lulil, which also describes her as a mourning goddess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelnero202078-74">[69]</a> In an <a href="/wiki/Emesal" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesal">emesal</a> text which might be a lament focused on a presently unidentified <a href="/wiki/Dying_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying god">dying god</a>, she appears alongside goddesses such as <a href="/wiki/Nintinugga" title="Nintinugga">Nintinugga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninisina" title="Ninisina">Ninisina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninmug" title="Ninmug">Ninmug</a> and Ereš'ugga.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarchesi200645-75">[70]</a> A fragment of another lament in which Ninhursag apparently mourns Lisin, here presented as a male deity and her son, is also known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelnero2020482-17">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> She also suggested that Early Dynastic scribes might have used titles such as ama and <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">lamma</a> as an inconsistent way of specifying the gender of goddesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348-12">[12]</a>J ulia M. Asher-Greve in a general overview of the use of the epithets "mother" and "father" in Mesopotamian texts states that they often simply designated major members of the pantheon, and in some cases might reflect the authority of a given goddess, rather than association with motherhood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013140-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> A copy has been discovered in the same room as multiple exemplars of the Zame Hymns, Abu Salabikh god list, the myths <a href="/wiki/Ninsun#Marriage_of_Ninsun_and_Lugalbanda" title="Ninsun">Lugalbanda and Ninsumuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashnan#Mythology" title="Ashnan">Ezina and her children</a>, and several <a href="/w/index.php?title=UG.GAL.NUN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UG.GAL.NUN (page does not exist)">UG.GAL.NUN</a> texts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202013-35">[34]</a> It is possible that it served as the scriptorium of a temple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202011–12-36">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> It also occurs in Old Babylonian compositions describing the revolt against <a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Akkad" title="Naram-Sin of Akkad">Naram-Sin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman2020156-43">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> It has to be distinguished with the better attested Euršaba in <a href="/wiki/Borsippa" title="Borsippa">Borsippa</a>, which was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a>, rather than Lisin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge1992282-54">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> The name reflects the fact that it starts with a shortened version of the sequence of deities opening its better known namesake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters202330-61">[57]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013103_1-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198733-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198733_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198733_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichalowski1987">Michalowski 1987</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichalowski198732_3-14">o</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichalowski1987">Michalowski 1987</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1993182-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1993182_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1993182_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1993182_4-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen1993">Cohen 1993</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELitke199875-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELitke199875_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLitke1998">Litke 1998</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201357_6-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf201952_7-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMetcalf2019">Metcalf 2019</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackGreen1992122_8-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlackGreen1992">Black & Green 1992</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz1995160-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz1995160_9-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelz1995">Selz 1995</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman2020160-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman2020160_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrebernikLisman2020">Krebernik & Lisman 2020</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348–49-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348–49_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, pp. 48–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201348_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013140-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz2013140_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201318-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher-GreveWestenholz201318_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsher-GreveWestenholz2013">Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernik199793–94-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebernik199793–94_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrebernik1997">Krebernik 1997</a>, pp. 93–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelnero2020482-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelnero2020482_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelnero2020482_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDelnero2020">Delnero 2020</a>, p. 482. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller2015310_18-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeller2015">Geller 2015</a>, p. 310. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller20153-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller20153_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeller2015">Geller 2015</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198658-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivingstone198658_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivingstone1986">Livingstone 1986</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivingstone1986">Livingstone 1986</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660–61-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivingstone198660–61_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivingstone1986">Livingstone 1986</a>, pp. 60–61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivingstone1986183-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivingstone1986183_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivingstone1986">Livingstone 1986</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller201524-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller201524_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeller2015">Geller 2015</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunger198732-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunger198732_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunger198732_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHunger1987">Hunger 1987</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWee2016143-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWee2016143_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWee2016">Wee 2016</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpada201645-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpada201645_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpada201645_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpada201645_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpada201645_27-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpada2016">Spada 2016</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrul2018185-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrul2018185_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrul2018">Krul 2018</a>, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerShipp2014119-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillerShipp2014119_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMillerShipp2014">Miller & Shipp 2014</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters20236-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambertWinters20236_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLambertWinters2023">Lambert & Winters 2023</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023130-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023130_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLambertWinters2023">Lambert & Winters 2023</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023205-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023205_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLambertWinters2023">Lambert & Winters 2023</a>, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECavigneauxKrebernik1998472-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECavigneauxKrebernik1998472_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCavigneauxKrebernik1998">Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998</a>, p. 472. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197692-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197692_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197692_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197692_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197692_34-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen1976">Cohen 1976</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202013-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202013_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrebernikLisman2020">Krebernik & Lisman 2020</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202011–12-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebernikLisman202011–12_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrebernikLisman2020">Krebernik & Lisman 2020</a>, pp. 11–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatz2003364-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatz2003364_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKatz2003">Katz 2003</a>, p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023295-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023295_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambertWinters2023295_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLambertWinters2023">Lambert & Winters 2023</a>, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018203-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018203_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDa_RivaGaletti2018203_40-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDa_RivaGaletti2018">Da Riva & Galetti 2018</a>, p. 203. </li> 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New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9667495-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9667495-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9667495-0-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470337605">470337605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+reconstruction+of+the+Assyro-Babylonian+god+lists%2C+AN%3A%3Csup%3Ed%3C%2Fsup%3EA-nu-um+and+AN%3AAnu+%C5%A1%C3%A1+Ameli&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+Babylonian+Collection&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470337605&rft.isbn=978-0-9667495-0-2&rft.aulast=Litke&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabylonian-collection.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FLitke%252C%2520Richard%2520L_%2520-%2520A%2520Reconstruction%2520of%2520the%2520Assyro-Babylonian%2520God-Lists_%2520TBC%25203%252C%25201998.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone1986" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Alasdair (1986). Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mystical+and+Mythological+Explanatory+Works+of+Assyrian+and+Babylonian+Scholars&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchesi2006" class="citation book cs1">Marchesi, Gianni (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10052715">LUMMA in the onomasticon and literature of Ancient Mesopotamia</a>. Padova: S.A.R.G.O.N. Ed. e Libr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-901286-4-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-901286-4-6"><bdi>978-88-901286-4-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237144973">237144973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LUMMA+in+the+onomasticon+and+literature+of+Ancient+Mesopotamia&rft.place=Padova&rft.pub=S.A.R.G.O.N.+Ed.+e+Libr&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237144973&rft.isbn=978-88-901286-4-6&rft.aulast=Marchesi&rft.aufirst=Gianni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10052715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2019" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Christopher (2019). 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Penn State University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781646020119">10.1515/9781646020119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64602-011-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64602-011-9"><bdi>978-1-64602-011-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241160992">241160992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumerian+Literary+Texts+in+the+Sch%C3%B8yen+Collection&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241160992%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781646020119&rft.isbn=978-1-64602-011-9&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichalowski1987" class="citation cs2">Michalowski, Piotr (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#7053">"Lisin"</a>, Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-09-25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lisin&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Michalowski&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublikationen.badw.de%2Fen%2Frla%2Findex%237053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerShipp2014" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Douglas B.; Shipp, R. Mark (2014). An Akkadian Handbook. Penn State University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781575067162">10.1515/9781575067162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-716-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-716-2"><bdi>978-1-57506-716-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Akkadian+Handbook&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781575067162&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-716-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Douglas+B.&rft.au=Shipp%2C+R.+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2009" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Jeremiah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27631505">God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia</a>. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86835-019-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86835-019-7"><bdi>978-3-86835-019-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/460044951">460044951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+lists+from+Old+Babylonian+Nippur+in+the+University+Museum%2C+Philadelphia&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Ugarit+Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F460044951&rft.isbn=978-3-86835-019-7&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F27631505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Peterson, Jeremiah (2020). "Christopher Metcalf: Sumerian Literary Texts in the Schøyen Collection, Volume 1: Literary Sources on Old Babylonian Religion. (Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 38) (review)". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 111 (1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fza-2020-0025">10.1515/za-2020-0025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1613-1150">1613-1150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Assyriologie+und+vorderasiatische+Arch%C3%A4ologie&rft.atitle=Christopher+Metcalf%3A+Sumerian+Literary+Texts+in+the+Sch%C3%B8yen+Collection%2C+Volume+1%3A+Literary+Sources+on+Old+Babylonian+Religion.+%28Cornell+University+Studies+in+Assyriology+and+Sumerology+38%29+%28review%29&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fza-2020-0025&rft.issn=1613-1150&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelz1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Selz, Gebhard (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1564636">Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Stadtstaates von Lagaš</a> (in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-00-0"><bdi>978-0-924171-00-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33334960">33334960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untersuchungen+zur+G%C3%B6tterwelt+des+altsumerischen+Stadtstaates+von+Laga%C5%A1&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Museum&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33334960&rft.isbn=978-0-924171-00-0&rft.aulast=Selz&rft.aufirst=Gebhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1564636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpada2016" class="citation journal cs1">Spada, Gabriella (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/45111745">"Two New Loan Contracts from the Reign of Rīm-Sîn of Larsa"</a>. Rivista degli studi orientali. 89 (1/4). Fabrizio Serra Editore, Sapienza - Universita di Roma: 37–47. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0392-4866">0392-4866</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45111745">45111745</a>. 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Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-6440">0066-6440</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41670228">41670228</a>. 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University of Chicago Press: 127–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F684845">10.1086/684845</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2968">0022-2968</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163333166">163333166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Late+Babylonian+Astral+Commentary+on+Marduk%27s+Address+to+the+Demons&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=127-167&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163333166%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-2968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F684845&rft.aulast=Wee&rft.aufirst=John+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31524740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisin" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisin&oldid=1238115959">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisin&oldid=1238115959</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_goddesses" title="Category:Mesopotamian goddesses">Mesopotamian goddesses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_gods" title="Category:Mesopotamian gods">Mesopotamian gods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_goddesses" title="Category:Fire goddesses">Fire goddesses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_gods" title="Category:Fire gods">Fire gods</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 August 2024, at 06:10 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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