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href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_api"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bunga_api rootpage-Bunga_api skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img 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id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Bunga+api" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Bunga+api" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Bunga+api" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Bunga+api" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Komponen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komponen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Komponen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komponen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bunga api</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 92 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakettij_p%C3%A4%C3%A4%C4%8D%C4%8Dim" title="Rakettij pääččim – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Rakettij pääččim" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C8%B3rweorc" title="Fȳrweorc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fȳrweorc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ألعاب نارية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألعاب نارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%9F%C9%99ng" title="Fişəng – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fişəng" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembang_api" title="Kembang api – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kembang api" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="আতশবাজি – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আতশবাজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambang_sarai" title="Kambang sarai – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kambang sarai" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian-ho%C3%A9" title="Ian-hoé – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ian-hoé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Феерверк – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Феерверк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фаервэрк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фаервэрк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фойерверк – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фойерверк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focs_artificials" title="Focs artificials – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Focs artificials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh%C5%88ostroj" title="Ohňostroj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ohňostroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focu_d%27artifizi" title="Focu d'artifizi – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Focu d'artifizi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2n_gwyllt" title="Tân gwyllt – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tân gwyllt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrv%C3%A6rkeri" title="Fyrværkeri – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fyrværkeri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerwerk" title="Feuerwerk – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feuerwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilutulestik" title="Ilutulestik – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ilutulestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πυροτέχνημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυροτέχνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fireworks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuegos_artificiales" title="Fuegos artificiales – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuegos artificiales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artfajra%C4%B5o" title="Artfajraĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artfajraĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_artifizialak" title="Su artifizialak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Su artifizialak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آتش‌بازی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتش‌بازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feu_d%27artifice" title="Feu d'artifice – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Feu d'artifice" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjoerwurk" title="Fjoerwurk – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjoerwurk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinte_eala%C3%ADne" title="Tinte ealaíne – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tinte ealaíne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogos_de_artificio" title="Fogos de artificio – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fogos de artificio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%B0%E7%81%AB" title="焰火 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="焰火" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%BD%83%EB%86%80%EC%9D%B4" title="불꽃놀이 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불꽃놀이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հրավառություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրավառություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="आतिशबाज़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आतिशबाज़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatromet" title="Vatromet – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatromet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foco_de_artificio" title="Foco de artificio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Foco de artificio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugeldar" title="Flugeldar – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flugeldar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuochi_d%27artificio" title="Fuochi d'artificio – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fuochi d'artificio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99-%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8" title="זיקוקין די-נור – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיקוקין די-נור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembang_api" title="Kembang api – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kembang api" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82" title="Мерекелік салют – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мерекелік салют" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фейерверк – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фейерверк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fataki" title="Fataki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fataki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectaculum_pyrotechnicum" title="Spectaculum pyrotechnicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spectaculum pyrotechnicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugu%C5%86o%C5%A1ana" title="Uguņošana – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uguņošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fejerverkai" title="Fejerverkai – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fejerverkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurw%C3%A8rk" title="Vuurwèrk – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vuurwèrk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zij%C3%A1t%C3%A9k" title="Tűzijáték – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzijáték" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="आतिशबाजी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आतिशबाजी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="പടക്കം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പടക്കം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="आतषबाजी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आतषबाजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ფოიერვერკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფოიერვერკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%95ng-hu%C4%83" title="Iĕng-huă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iĕng-huă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Галт тэсрэгч – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галт тэсрэгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မီးရှူးမီးပန်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးရှူးမီးပန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurwerk" title="Vuurwerk – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vuurwerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%81%AB" title="花火 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="花火" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrverkeri" title="Fyrverkeri – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fyrverkeri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrverkeri" title="Fyrverkeri – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fyrverkeri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%B2c_d%27artifici" title="Fuòc d'artifici – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fuòc d'artifici" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF" title="ଆତସବାଜି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆତସବାଜି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushakbozlik_festivali" title="Mushakbozlik festivali – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mushakbozlik festivali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਤਸ਼ਬਾਜ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਤਸ਼ਬਾਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آتش بازی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آتش بازی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klapchi" title="Klapchi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Klapchi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပါန်ပၟတ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပါန်ပၟတ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuczne_ognie" title="Sztuczne ognie – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuczne ognie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogo_de_artif%C3%ADcio" title="Fogo de artifício – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fogo de artifício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificii" title="Artificii – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artificii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фейерверк – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фейерверк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishekzjarret" title="Fishekzjarret – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fishekzjarret" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocu_di_focu" title="Jocu di focu – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jocu di focu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Fireworks" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firework" title="Firework – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Firework" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="آتشبازي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آتشبازي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh%C5%88ostroj" title="Ohňostroj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ohňostroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ognjemet" title="Ognjemet – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ognjemet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ватромет – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ватромет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatromet" title="Vatromet – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vatromet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilotulite" title="Ilotulite – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilotulite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrverkeri" title="Fyrverkeri – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fyrverkeri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailaw" title="Pailaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pailaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="வாணவெடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாணவெடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="ดอกไม้ไฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอกไม้ไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1o_hoa" title="Pháo hoa – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháo hoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Оташбозӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оташбозӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%92%E1%8F%97_%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%B2" title="ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havai_fi%C5%9Fek" title="Havai fişek – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Havai fişek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Феєрверк – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Феєрверк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filot" title="Filot – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Filot" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E7%81%AB" title="烟火 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="烟火" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="פייערווערק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פייערווערק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99%E8%8A%B1" title="煙花 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="煙花" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E7%81%AB" title="烟火 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烟火" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bunga_api" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Bunga_api" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bunga_api"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBunga_api"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBunga_api"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bunga+api"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bunga_api&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fireworks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127933" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Tiada_rujukan plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Rencana ini <b>tidak <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_petikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sumber petikan">memetik</a> apa-apa <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pengesahan" title="Wikipedia:Pengesahan">sumber atau rujukan</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Sila bantu dalam <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit">memperbaiki rencana ini</a> dengan menambahkan rujukan ke <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_yang_boleh_dipercayai" title="Wikipedia:Sumber yang boleh dipercayai">sumber-sumber yang boleh dipercayai</a>. Bahan yang tidak disahkan mungkin akan dipertikai dan <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pengesahan" title="Wikipedia:Pengesahan">dipadam</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Cari sumber:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bunga+api%22">"Bunga api"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bunga+api%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">berita</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bunga+api%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">akhbar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bunga+api%22+-wikipedia">buku</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bunga+api%22">sarjana</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bunga+api%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Maintenance template removal">Ketahui cara dan masa untuk membuang pesanan templat ini</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5938181/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:234px;max-width:234px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><b>Bunga api</b></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif/230px-Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif" decoding="async" width="230" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif/345px-Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Everlasting_Fireworks_looped.gif 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="345" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fail GIF bunga api, yang berdasarkan video bunga api di Festival Nagaoka 2012, Jepun</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/230px-Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/345px-Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/460px-Bratislava_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bunga api ketika sambutan <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Baru" title="Tahun Baru">Tahun Baru</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, 2005</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:July_4th_fireworks,_Washington,_D.C._(LOC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg/230px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg/345px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg/460px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28LOC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="3468" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bunga Api pada sambutan Hari 4 Julai di <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, Amerika Syarikat</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Taipei101fireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Taipei101fireworks.jpg/230px-Taipei101fireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Taipei101fireworks.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Paparan bunga api di <a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a>, Taiwan pada 2005, menjadikannya persembahan bunga api di pencakar langit pertama di dunia.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Bunga api</b> ialah sejenis peralatan yang dibina menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_letupan" title="Bahan letupan">bahan letupan</a> lemah yang bertujuan sebagai estetik dan hiburan. Pameran bunga api ialah pertunjukkan yang menggunakan peralatan tersebut untuk menimbulkan kesan bunga api tersebut. </p><p>Bunga api digunakan dengan meluas untuk menghasilkan empat kesan utama: bunyi, api/<a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> yang berwarna, asap dan bahan terapung (seperti <a href="/wiki/Konfeti" title="Konfeti">konfeti</a>) melalui pembakaran bahan-bahan tertentu seperti serbuk letupan, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> dan pelbagai jenis bahan kimia yang lain. Bergantung kepada rekaan pakar bunga api, ianya dihasilkan untuk mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Api" title="Api">api</a> dan asap berwarna yang mengandungi satu atau lebih warna, iaitu merah, jingga, kuning, hijau, biru, ungu dan perak. </p><p>Oleh sebab bunga api menghasilkan asap beracun yang berupaya mencemarkan alam sekitar dan mencederakan orang lain, perdebatan mengenainya dibincangkan di seluruh dunia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komponen">Komponen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Komponen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Komponen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warna dalam bunga api biasanya dihasilkan oleh <i><b>bintang piroteknik</b> (pyrotechnic star)</i> yang menghasilkan cahaya yang sangat terang apabila dinyalakan. "Bintang-bintang" ini mempunyai lima jenis bahan komponen: </p> <ul><li><b>bahan api</b> yang membolehkan "bintang" membakar</li> <li><b>bahan pengoksida</b>—sebatian yang menghasilkan oksigen (usually) yang membantu dalam pembakaran bahan api</li> <li><b>bahan kimia yang menghasilkan warna</b></li> <li><b>bahan pengikat</b> yang mengikat bahan-bahan dalam pelet bersama.</li> <li><b>pemberi klorin</b> yang membekalkan <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a> menguatkan warna api. Kadangkalanya, pengoksida turut memainkan peranan ini.</li></ul> <p>Sebatian-sebatian pewarna yang sering digunakan tertera pada jadual di bawah. Warna sebatian dalam bunga api adalah sama seperti mana bahan tersebut dibakar dalam suatu <a href="/wiki/Ujian_nyala" title="Ujian nyala">ujian nyala</a>. Tidak semua sebatian menghasilkan warna apabila dinyala sesuai sebagai bahan pewarna bunga api, namun bahan pewarna yang ideal akan menghasilkan warna yang tulen dan kuat apabila ia dalam kepekatan yang sederhana. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Warna </th> <th>Besi </th> <th>Sebatian contoh </th></tr> <tr> <td>Merah </td> <td>Strontium (merah kuat) <p>Litium (merah sederhana) </p> </td> <td>SrCO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium_karbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strontium karbonat (laman tidak wujud)">strontium karbonat</a>) <p>Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">litium karbonat</a>) LiCl (<a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">litium klorida</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jingga </td> <td>Kalsium </td> <td>CaCl<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Kalsium_klorida" title="Kalsium klorida">kalsium klorida</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuning </td> <td>Natrium </td> <td>NaNO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Natrium_nitrat" title="Natrium nitrat">natrium nitrat</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hijau </td> <td>Barium </td> <td>BaCl<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Barium_klorida" title="Barium klorida">barium klorida</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biru </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halida (laman tidak wujud)">Halida</a> kuprum </td> <td>CuCl<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuprum_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuprum klorida (laman tidak wujud)">kuprum klorida</a>) pada suhu rendah </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biru nila </td> <td>Sesium </td> <td>CsNO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Sesium_nitrat" title="Sesium nitrat">sesium nitrat</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ungu </td> <td>Kalium <p>Rubidium (violet-red) </p> </td> <td>KNO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">kalium nitrat</a>) <p>RbNO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Rubidium_nitrat" title="Rubidium nitrat">rubidium nitrat</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emas </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arang" title="Arang">Arang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferum">ferum</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Jelaga" title="Jelaga">jelaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Putih </td> <td colspan="2">Serbuk <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bunga api telah dicipta oleh orang <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_China" title="Sejarah China">Cina purba</a> pada kurun ke-12 untuk menghalau roh-roh jahat, dimana ia dicipta melalui penambahbaikan ubat bedilan Cina. Pertunjukan bunga api dianggap penting kepada kaum Cina apabila ia digunakan sehingga sekarang melalui sambutan <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Baru_Cina" title="Tahun Baru Cina">Tahun Baru Cina</a> dan sambutan <a href="/wiki/Perayaan_Kuih_Bulan" title="Perayaan Kuih Bulan">perayaan Kuih Bulan</a>. China merupakan negara pembekal dan pengeksport utama bunga api di dunia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPlimpton1984" class="citation book cs1">Plimpton, George (1984). <i>Fireworks: A History and Celebration</i>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0385154143" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0385154143"><bdi>0385154143</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fireworks%3A+A+History+and+Celebration&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0385154143&rft.aulast=Plimpton&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABunga+api" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrock1949" class="citation book cs1">Brock, Alan St. Hill (1949). <i>A History of Fireworks</i>. George G. Harrap & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Fireworks&rft.pub=George+G.+Harrap+%26+Co&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Alan+St.+Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABunga+api" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2008" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Michael S (2008). <i>The chemistry of fireworks</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, Great Britain. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780854041275" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780854041275"><bdi>9780854041275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chemistry+of+fireworks&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry%2C+Great+Britain&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780854041275&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Michael+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABunga+api" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShimizu1996" class="citation book cs1">Shimizu, Takeo (1996). <i>Fireworks: The Art, Science, and Technique</i>. Pyrotechnica Publications. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0929388052" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0929388052"><bdi>978-0929388052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fireworks%3A+The+Art%2C+Science%2C+and+Technique&rft.pub=Pyrotechnica+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0929388052&rft.aulast=Shimizu&rft.aufirst=Takeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABunga+api" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Kategori berkenaan <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:fireworks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:fireworks">bunga api</a> di Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/kaboom/">NOVA Online Kaboom! with pyrotechnics, anatomy of fireworks, etc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianfireworks.org/">Persatuan Bunga Api Kanada</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5868370">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Chem_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon tunas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/33px-Chem_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/50px-Chem_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/66px-Chem_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Rencana berkenaan <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> ini ialah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tunas">rencana tunas</a>. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tunas-kimia" title="Templat:Tunas-kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Tunas-kimia" title="Perbincangan templat:Tunas-kimia"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tunas-kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&oldid=5646854">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api&oldid=5646854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tunas_kimia" title="Kategori:Tunas kimia">Tunas kimia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Bunga_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Bunga api (laman tidak wujud)">Bunga api</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Piroteknik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Piroteknik (laman tidak wujud)">Piroteknik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_cahaya" title="Kategori:Sumber cahaya">Sumber cahaya</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_tanpa_sumber_rujukan" title="Kategori:Rencana tanpa sumber rujukan">Rencana tanpa sumber rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_tanpa_sumber_rujukan" title="Kategori:Semua rencana tanpa sumber rujukan">Semua rencana tanpa sumber rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Kategori:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_tunas" title="Kategori:Semua rencana tunas">Semua rencana tunas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 16:05, 16 Ogos 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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