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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جان چندلر قرنی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان چندلر قرنی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chandler_Gurney" title="John Chandler Gurney – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Chandler Gurney" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جان چندلر گرنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان چندلر گرنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chandler_Gurney" title="John Chandler Gurney – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Chandler Gurney" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89" title="جون تشاندلير جورنى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون تشاندلير جورنى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Chan Gurney</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chan_Gurney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chan_Gurney.jpg/220px-Chan_Gurney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chan_Gurney.jpg/330px-Chan_Gurney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chan_Gurney.jpg/440px-Chan_Gurney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1947</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">None (position created)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Millard Tydings</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Vice-Chair_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Vice-Chair of the United States Senate">Secretary of the Senate Republican Conference</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 30, 1945 – January 3, 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._White_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace H. White Jr.">Wallace H. White Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hitz_Burton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Hitz Burton">Harold Hitz Burton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Milton Young</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Pyle" title="Gladys Pyle">Gladys Pyle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Case" title="Francis Case">Francis Case</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1896-05-21</span>)</span>May 21, 1896<br /><a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 9, 1985<span style="display:none">(1985-03-09)</span> (aged 88)<br />Yankton, South Dakota, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Yankton Cemetery, Yankton, SD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Evelyn Bordeno (m. 1917-1985, his death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Businessman</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1917-1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant#United_States" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">Company A, 34th Engineer Regiment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Chandler "Chan" Gurney</b> (May 21, 1896 – March 9, 1985) was an American businessman and politician from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he was most notable for his service as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from 1939 to 1951. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gurney was born in <a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton, South Dakota</a> on May 21, 1896, a son of Deloss Butler Gurney and Henrietta (Klopping) Gurney.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the public schools of Yankton and graduated from Yankton High School in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became active in his father's business, <a href="/wiki/Gurney%27s_Seed_and_Nursery_Company" title="Gurney's Seed and Nursery Company">Gurney's Seed and Nursery Company</a>, of which was appointed secretary and treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Gurney volunteered for military service, though he was ineligible for the draft because he was married.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assigned to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>'s Company A, 34th Engineer Regiment, he completed training at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lewis_(Washington)" title="Fort Lewis (Washington)">Camp Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served in France in 1918 and 1919 and attained the rank of <a href="/wiki/Sergeant#United_States" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a> before being discharged for illness.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Continued_career">Continued career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Continued career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning to the United States, Gurney resumed working for the family seed business, where he remained until 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pioneer in commercial radio advertising, Gurney became the owner and operator of Yankton's (<a href="/wiki/WNAX_(AM)" title="WNAX (AM)">WNAX</a>) in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls, South Dakota</a>, where he became active in the wholesale gasoline and oil business and was a developer of <a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">gasohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurney was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also belonged to the <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Gurney was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks">Elks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senator">U.S. Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1936 United States Senate election in South Dakota">1936</a>, ran unsuccessfully for election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, losing narrowly to incumbent Senator <a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">William J. Bulow</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_Senate_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota">1938</a>, he was the successful Republican nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurney was considered a moderate critic of Franklin Roosevelt, however, he consistently voted in favor of measures which would help the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in their war against <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. To this end Gurney voted to confirm <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stimson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Stimson">Henry Stimson</a> as Secretary of War and to confirm <a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Frank Knox</a> as Secretary of the Navy, both of which were opposed by the isolationist block in the Senate on the grounds that Stimson and Knox were too "pro-British."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Nye" title="Gerald Nye">Gerald Nye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ignatius_Walsh" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ignatius Walsh">David Ignatius Walsh</a> all opposed voting to extend the selective service act in defiance of Franklin Roosevelt, Gurney sided with the administration and voted in <i>favor</i> of extending it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1941 the Senate voted in favor a bill to "provide military aid to any nation whose defense was deemed vital to the United States." The British Royal Navy was combatting Hitler's <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> and all other allied nations had surrendered to the Nazis by this time, therefore in practice the bill was essentially just a bill to fund and arm the British Royal Navy. Gurney voted in favor of the bill. The isolationist press condemned him for this but he said he was "unmoved by the blatherings of Hitlerites."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Gurney voted in favor of additional Lend Lease appropriations to provide material aid (primarily munitions and food) to the British military in October 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opinion polling showed that in June 1941 most people in the <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_South_Dakota" title="Aberdeen, South Dakota">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brookings,_South_Dakota" title="Brookings, South Dakota">Brookings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturgis,_South_Dakota" title="Sturgis, South Dakota">Sturgis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hill_City,_South_Dakota" title="Hill City, South Dakota">Hill City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watertown,_South_Dakota" title="Watertown, South Dakota">Watertown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keystone,_South_Dakota" title="Keystone, South Dakota">Keystone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spearfish,_South_Dakota" title="Spearfish, South Dakota">Spearfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deadwood,_South_Dakota" title="Deadwood, South Dakota">Deadwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitchell,_South_Dakota" title="Mitchell, South Dakota">Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Custer,_South_Dakota" title="Custer, South Dakota">Custer</a> were in favor of providing military aid and support to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. When people in the aforementioned fourteen South Dakota towns and cities were asked "Should we (the United States) do everything in our power to help Great Britain during the current war?" over half of respondents in the aforementioned towns said yes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to this, Gurney said that these surveys and opinion polls proved that he was more in touch with his constituents than Gerald Nye of <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> was with his own constituents (Nye was outspokenly opposed to helping Great Britain, even though most people in the western half of his state were in favor of aiding the British. In this respects, Nye was considered far more isolationist than his actual constituents.)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> people in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> at the time expressed opinions which were "pro-British" and "sympathetic to interventionism."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1941 there was a vote to increase funding for the United States army and navy, as the United States was not at war at the time the isolationist members of the Senate, including <a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Nye" title="Gerald Nye">Gerald Nye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ignatius_Walsh" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ignatius Walsh">David Ignatius Walsh</a> all opposed the measure. Gurney voted in favor of it and said "One would have to be a fool to oppose" the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services">U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> in the <a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th Congress</a> (1947-1949), the first chairman after the merger of the committees on Naval Affairs and Military Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurney was reelected in 1944, and served from January 3, 1939, to January 3, 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurney was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1950, losing the Republican primary to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Case" title="Francis Case">Francis Case</a>, who went on to win the general election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_Aeronautics_Board">Civil Aeronautics Board</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil Aeronautics Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, Gurney was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Aeronautics_Board" title="Civil Aeronautics Board">Civil Aeronautics Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as chairman from 1954 to 1957, and served on the board until 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In retirement, Gurney retired to Yankton.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died there on March 9, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurney was buried at Yankton Cemetery in Yankton.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chan_Gurney_Municipal_Airport" title="Chan Gurney Municipal Airport">Chan Gurney Municipal Airport</a> in Yankton is named for Gurney.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1917, Gurney married Evelyn Bordeno (1897-1993) in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the parents of three children - Ida, John, and Deloss.<sup id="cite_ref-March1985_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-March1985-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-March1985_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56341254/chan-gurney-dies/">"Former Sen. Chan Gurney Dies In Yankton at 88"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Argus_Leader" title="Argus Leader">Argus Leader</a></i>. Sioux Falls, SD. March 10, 1985. p. 4C – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argus+Leader&rft.atitle=Former+Sen.+Chan+Gurney+Dies+In+Yankton+at+88&rft.pages=4C&rft.date=1985-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F56341254%2Fchan-gurney-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commerce-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Senate_Committee_on_Interstate_and_Foreign_Commerce1953" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (April 1, 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F4otAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Nomination of Chan Gurney to be a member of the Civil Aeronautics Board</i></a>. Washington, DC: US Government printing Office. p. 1 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomination+of+Chan+Gurney+to+be+a+member+of+the+Civil+Aeronautics+Board&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=US+Government+printing+Office&rft.date=1953-04-01&rft.au=U.S.+Senate+Committee+on+Interstate+and+Foreign+Commerce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF4otAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0760224">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 76th Congress > Senate > 224"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+76th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+224&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0760224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0760223">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 76th Congress > Senate > 223"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+76th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+223&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0760223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0770064">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 77th Congress > Senate > 64"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+77th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+64&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0770064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0770021">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 77th Congress > Senate > 21"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+77th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0770021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0770079">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 77th Congress > Senate > 79"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+77th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+79&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0770079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karolevitz, Robert F. "Life on the Home Front: South Dakota in World War II." South Dakota History 19 (Fall 1989): 392-423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard, Robert James. "The Nye Committee: Legislating Against War." North Dakota History 41 (Fall 1974): 20-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collier, John. "The Indian in a Wartime Nation." Annals of the American Academy of Political Science 223 (September 1942): 29-35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, Neis. "Prairie Pacifist: Senator Lynn J. Frazier and America's Global Mission, 1927-1940." North Dakota History 52 (Fall 1985): 27-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford, J. Garry. "A Note on the Break Between Senator Nye and President Roosevelt in 1939." North Dakota History 49 (Fall 1982): 14-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Billington, Ray Allen. "The Origins of Middle Western Isolationism." Political Science Quarterly 60 (March 1945): 44-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0770019">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 77th Congress > Senate > 19"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+77th+Congress+%3E+Senate+%3E+19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRS0770019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airnetz.com/airport-guide/private-jet-hire-air-charter-chan-gurney-municipal-airport/">"Chan Gurney Municipal Airport"</a>. <i>Private Jet Hire Air Charter</i>. New York, NY: Airnetz Aviation Pvt. Ltd. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Private+Jet+Hire+Air+Charter&rft.atitle=Chan+Gurney+Municipal+Airport&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airnetz.com%2Fairport-guide%2Fprivate-jet-hire-air-charter-chan-gurney-municipal-airport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressG000532" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000532">"Chan Gurney (id: G000532)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Chan+Gurney+%28id%3A+G000532%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DG000532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChan+Gurney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7156777">Chan Gurney</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_reading">Additional reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Gurney&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Additional reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pressler, Larry. "John Chandler Gurney." In <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xjqIAAAAMAAJ&q">U.S. Senators from the Prairie</a></i>, pp. 114–23. Vermillion, SD: Dakota Press, 1982. Via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_H._McMaster" title="William H. McMaster">William H. McMaster</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1936 United States Senate election in South Dakota">1936</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_J._Bushfield" title="Harlan J. Bushfield">Harlan J. Bushfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Pyle" title="Gladys Pyle">Gladys Pyle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_Senate_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota">1938</a>, <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1944 United States Senate election in South Dakota">1944</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_H._Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis H. Case">Francis H. Case</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hitz_Burton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Hitz Burton">Harold Hitz Burton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Vice-Chair_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Vice-Chair of the United States Senate">Secretary of the Senate Republican Conference</a> </b><br />1945–1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Milton Young</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Pyle" title="Gladys Pyle">Gladys Pyle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from South Dakota">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from South Dakota</a> </b><br />1939–1951 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">William J. Bulow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harlan_J._Bushfield" title="Harlan J. Bushfield">Harlan J. Bushfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vera_C._Bushfield" title="Vera C. Bushfield">Vera C. Bushfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_E._Mundt" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl E. Mundt">Karl E. Mundt</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_H._Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis H. Case">Francis H. Case</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None (position created)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> </b><br />1947–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Millard Tydings</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="Template:United States senators from South Dakota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="Template talk:United States senators from South Dakota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from South Dakota"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">United States senators from South Dakota</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Gamble" title="Robert J. Gamble">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._McMaster" title="William H. McMaster">McMaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_J._Bushfield" title="Harlan J. Bushfield">H. Bushfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_C._Bushfield" title="Vera C. Bushfield">V. Bushfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mundt" title="Karl Mundt">Mundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abourezk" title="James Abourezk">Abourezk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Pressler" title="Larry Pressler">Pressler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Johnson_(South_Dakota_politician)" title="Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician)">T. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds">Rounds</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_C._Moody" title="Gideon C. Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_B._Kittredge" title="Alfred B. Kittredge">Kittredge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coe_I._Crawford" title="Coe I. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_S._Johnson" title="Edwin S. Johnson">E. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Norbeck" title="Peter Norbeck">Norbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Hitchcock" title="Herbert E. Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Pyle" title="Gladys Pyle">Pyle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Case" title="Francis Case">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bottum" title="Joe Bottum">Bottum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abdnor" title="James Abdnor">Abdnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">United States Senate Committee on Armed Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson" title="Robert Ward Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Spencer" title="George E. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_F._Randolph" title="Theodore F. Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sewell" title="William J. Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Walthall" title="Edward C. Walthall">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._du_Pont" title="Henry A. du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Johnston" title="Joseph F. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Chamberlain" title="George E. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Reynolds" title="Robert R. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pleasants" title="James Pleasants">Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Rives" title="William Cabell Rives">Rives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuel_Williams" title="Reuel Williams">R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Bayard" title="Richard H. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fairfield" title="John Fairfield">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">J. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Grimes" title="James W. Grimes">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_H._Cragin" title="Aaron H. Cragin">Cragin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent" title="Aaron A. Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hale_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Hale (U.S. senator)">F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Trammell" title="Park Trammell">Trammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed Services Committee <br />(1947–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Tydings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Inhofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540321#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000045050811">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/78485394">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1933325/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhrYYGQKjKhkbG6fq7j4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2004023614">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000532">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10610780">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63p85pq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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