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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Russian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orthodox_Christian_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthodox_Christian_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Orthodox Christian heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthodox_Christian_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._possession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._possession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>U.S. possession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._possession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Statehood era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Aleutians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Aleutians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Russian Aleutians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Aleutians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aleutian Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleoete-eilande" title="Aleoete-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aleoete-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuten" title="Aleuten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aleuten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجزر الأليوطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجزر الأليوطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Aleutianes" title="Islles Aleutianes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Aleutianes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut_adalar%C4%B1" title="Aleut adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleut adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="অ্যালিউশিয়ান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালিউশিয়ান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Aleutian Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aleutian Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Алеуцкія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алеуцкія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Алеуцкія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Алеуцкія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Алеутски острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алеутски острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutn" title="Aleutn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aleutn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutska_ostrva" title="Aleutska ostrva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aleutska ostrva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inizi_an_Aleouted" title="Inizi an Aleouted – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inizi an Aleouted" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Aleutianes" title="Illes Aleutianes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes Aleutianes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%97%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алеут утравӗсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Алеут утравӗсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aleutian Islands" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutsk%C3%A9_ostrovy" title="Aleutské ostrovy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aleutské ostrovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuterne" title="Aleuterne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aleuterne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuten" title="Aleuten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aleuten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuudid" title="Aleuudid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aleuudid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Αλεούτιες νήσοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεούτιες νήσοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Aleutianas" title="Islas Aleutianas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Aleutianas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutaj_Insuloj" title="Aleutaj Insuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleutaj Insuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Aleutianas" title="Islas Aleutianas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Islas Aleutianas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutiarrak" title="Aleutiarrak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleutiarrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جزایر آلیوتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر آلیوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutoyggjar" title="Aleutoyggjar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Aleutoyggjar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Al%C3%A9outiennes" title="Îles Aléoutiennes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Aléoutiennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleoeten" title="Aleoeten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aleoeten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1in_Aili%C3%BAit" title="Oileáin Ailiúit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileáin Ailiúit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_Aleutianach" title="Na h-Eileanan Aleutianach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Eileanan Aleutianach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Aleutianas" title="Illas Aleutianas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illas Aleutianas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A5%98%EC%83%A8_%EC%97%B4%EB%8F%84" title="알류샨 열도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알류샨 열도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալեուտյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեուտյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अल्यूत द्वीपसमूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्यूत द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutski_otoci" title="Aleutski otoci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleutski otoci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Aleut" title="Kepulauan Aleut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Aleut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Алеуты сакъадæхтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Алеуты сакъадæхтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alj%C3%BAtaeyjar" title="Aljútaeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aljútaeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isole_Aleutine" title="Isole Aleutine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isole Aleutine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="האיים האלאוטיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיים האלאוטיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಲ್ಯೂಷಿಯನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಯೂಷಿಯನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალეუტის კუნძულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალეუტის კუნძულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Алеут аралдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алеут аралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Aleuti" title="Visiwa vya Aleuti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Aleuti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Алеут аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алеут аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Aleutiae" title="Insulae Aleutiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Aleutiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutu_salas" title="Aleutu salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleutu salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut%C5%B3_salos" title="Aleutų salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aleutų salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut-szigetek" title="Aleut-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aleut-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Алеутски Острови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алеутски Острови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അല്യൂഷ്യൻ ദ്വീപുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അല്യൂഷ്യൻ ദ്വീപുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Aleut" title="Kepulauan Aleut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Aleut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အလူးရှင်းကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလူးရှင်းကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleoeten" title="Aleoeten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aleoeten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="アリューシャン列島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アリューシャン列島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuten" title="Aleuten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aleuten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutene" title="Aleutene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aleutene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutane" title="Aleutane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aleutane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Aleutianas" title="Illas Aleutianas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illas Aleutianas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut_orollari" title="Aleut orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aleut orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuty" title="Aleuty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleuty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Aleutas" title="Ilhas Aleutas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Aleutas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Aleutine" title="Insulele Aleutine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Aleutine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алеутские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алеутские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aleutian Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuty" title="Aleuty – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aleuty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuti" title="Aleuti – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aleuti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86" title="دوورگەکانی ئەلووشن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەکانی ئەلووشن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алеутска острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алеутска острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutska_ostrva" title="Aleutska ostrva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aleutska ostrva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutit_(saaristo)" title="Aleutit (saaristo) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleutit (saaristo)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleuterna" title="Aleuterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aleuterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அலூசியன் தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலூசியன் தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Алеут утраулары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алеут утраулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่เกาะอะลูเชียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะอะลูเชียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aleutian_Islands&params=52.2_N_174.2_W_scale:12000000_region:US-AK_source:dewiki_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">174°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.2°N 174.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.2; -174.2</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aleutians" redirects here. For the people, see <a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aleutian (disambiguation)">Aleutian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Aleutian Islands<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Алеутские острова</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native"><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Native name</a>: <div class="nickname" lang="Aleut">Unangam Tanangin</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleuten_Lage-blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Aleuten_Lage-blank.png/260px-Aleuten_Lage-blank.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Aleuten_Lage-blank.png/390px-Aleuten_Lage-blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Aleuten_Lage-blank.png/520px-Aleuten_Lage-blank.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="545" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Aleutian Islands highlighted</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Pacific_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aleutian Islands is located in North Pacific"><img alt="Aleutian Islands is located in North Pacific" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_Pacific_location_map.svg/260px-North_Pacific_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_Pacific_location_map.svg/390px-North_Pacific_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_Pacific_location_map.svg/520px-North_Pacific_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="591" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.244%;left:62.074%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aleutian Islands"><img alt="Aleutian Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Aleutian Islands</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the northern Pacific Ocean</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aleutian_Islands&params=52.2_N_174.2_W_scale:12000000_region:US-AK_source:dewiki_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">174°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.2°N 174.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.2; -174.2</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">>300</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak Island</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">6,821<sup id="cite_ref-EBonline_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBonline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sq mi (17,670 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200 mi (1900 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">9,373 ft (2856.9 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shishaldin" title="Mount Shishaldin">Mount Shishaldin</a>, Unimak Is.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-islands-country">Russia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-islands-country">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a> (pop. 4,283)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">8,162 (2000)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">0.84/sq mi (0.324/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}</style> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian language">Aleutian</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Time_Zone" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone">Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9210" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−10">UTC−10</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Time_Zone" title="Alaska Time Zone">Alaska Time Zone</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%929" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−9">UTC−9</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Hawaii–Aleutian Daylight Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%929" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−9">UTC−9</a>)</li><li>Alaska Daylight Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%928" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−8">UTC−8</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Unangax̂</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Unangan</a> (east)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Unangas</a> (west)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Unangam Tunuu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Unangam Tanangin</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Aleutian Islands</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/21\/En-us-Aleutian_Islands.oga\/En-us-Aleutian_Islands.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Aleutian Islands.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-Aleutian_Islands.oga/En-us-Aleutian_Islands.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Aleutian_Islands.oga" title="File:En-us-Aleutian Islands.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">LOO</span>-shən</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Алеутские острова</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Aleutskiye ostrova</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a>: <i lang="ale">Unangam Tanangin</i>, "land of the <a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleuts</a>"; possibly from the <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a> <i>aliat</i>, or "island")—also called the <b>Aleut Islands</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Aleutic Islands</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, before <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">1867</a>, the <b>Catherine <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a></b>—are a chain of 14 main, larger <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> and 55 smaller ones. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, with the archipelago encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Aleutians_West_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska">Aleutians West Census Area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aleutians_East_Borough,_Alaska" title="Aleutians East Borough, Alaska">Aleutians East Borough</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander Islands</a>, located further to the west, belong to the Russian <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EBonline_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBonline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands form part of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Arc" title="Aleutian Arc">Aleutian Arc</a> of the Northern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, and occupy a land area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km<sup>2</sup>) that extends westward roughly 1,200 mi (1,900 km) from the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaskan Peninsula</a> mainland, in the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a>; the archipelago acts as a border between the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a> to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Crossing <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">longitude 180°</a>, at which point east and west <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> end, the archipelago contains both the westernmost and easternmost parts of the United States, by longitude (<a href="/wiki/Amatignak_Island" title="Amatignak Island">Amatignak Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semisopochnoi_Island" title="Semisopochnoi Island">Semisopochnoi Island</a>, respectively). The westernmost U.S. island, in real terms, however, is <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu Island</a>, west of which runs the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>. </p><p>The Aleutian Islands, with their 57 volcanoes, form the northernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Pacific Ring of Fire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physiographically</a>, they are a distinct section of the larger <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Border_province" title="Pacific Border province">Pacific Border</a> province, which, in turn, is part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States_Pacific_Mountain_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the United States Pacific Mountain System">Pacific Mountain System</a> physiographic division. The islands are considered to be among the most geographically-isolated areas of the Northern Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Battles and skirmishes took place during the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Japanese landing and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">occupations of Kiska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu">Attu</a>, in June of <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>, were one of only two invasions of the United States in North America during WWII; the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Atoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Pacific territories of the United States</a>, were also invaded.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Motion between the <a href="/wiki/Kula_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kula Plate">Kula Plate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American Plate</a> along the margin of the Bering Shelf (in the Bering Sea north of the Aleutian arc) ended in the early <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>. The Aleutian Basin, the ocean floor north of the Aleutian arc, is the remainder of the Kula Plate that was trapped when volcanism and <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> jumped south to its current location at <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 56 Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aleutian <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">island arc</a> formed in the Early Eocene (55–50 <abbr title="million year ago">Ma</abbr>) when the subduction of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> under the North American Plate began. The arc is made of separate blocks that have been rotated clockwise. The <a href="/wiki/Basement_(geology)" title="Basement (geology)">basement</a> underlying the islands is made of three stratigraphic units: an Eocene layer of volcanic rock, an <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> layer of marine sedimentary rock, and a <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> layer of sedimentary and igneous rock.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UnalaskaAlaska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/UnalaskaAlaska.jpg/220px-UnalaskaAlaska.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/UnalaskaAlaska.jpg/330px-UnalaskaAlaska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/UnalaskaAlaska.jpg/440px-UnalaskaAlaska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="1486" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska Island</a> in the Aleutian Islands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North-Pacific-air-routes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/North-Pacific-air-routes.png/220px-North-Pacific-air-routes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/North-Pacific-air-routes.png/330px-North-Pacific-air-routes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/North-Pacific-air-routes.png/440px-North-Pacific-air-routes.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Active Aleutian volcanoes</figcaption></figure> <p>The islands, known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, include six groups (east to west) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Islands_(Alaska)" title="Fox Islands (Alaska)">Fox Islands</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akutan_Island" title="Akutan Island">Akutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umnak_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Umnak Island">Umnak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Four_Mountains" title="Islands of Four Mountains">Islands of Four Mountains</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Yunaska_Island" title="Yunaska Island">Yunaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuginadak_Island" title="Chuginadak Island">Chuginadak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreanof_Islands" title="Andreanof Islands">Andreanof Islands</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atka_Island" title="Atka Island">Atka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amlia_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Amlia Island">Amlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seguam_Island" title="Seguam Island">Seguam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanaga_Island" title="Kanaga Island">Kanaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanaga_Island" title="Tanaga Island">Tanaga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Islands" title="Rat Islands">Rat Islands</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Kiska_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiska Island">Kiska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amchitka_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Amchitka Island">Amchitka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Islands" title="Near Islands">Near Islands</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agattu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Agattu Island">Agattu Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Semichi_Islands" title="Semichi Islands">Semichi Islands</a> - <a href="/wiki/Alaid_Island_(Alaska)" title="Alaid Island (Alaska)">Alaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizki_Island" title="Nizki Island">Nizki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shemya_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shemya Island">Shemya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander Islands</a> (the main islands are <a href="/wiki/Bering_Island" title="Bering Island">Bering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medny_Island" title="Medny Island">Medny</a>)</li></ul> <p>All six are located between 51° and 55° N latitude and 172° E and 163° W longitude.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest islands in the Aleutians are <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu</a> (the farthest from the mainland), and <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umnak" title="Umnak">Umnak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak</a> in the Fox Islands. The largest of those is Unimak Island, with an area of 1,571.41 mi<sup>2</sup> (4,069.9 km<sup>2</sup>), followed by Unalaska Island, the only other Aleutian Island with an area over 1,000 square miles (2,600 km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>The axis of the archipelago near the mainland of Alaska has a southwest trend, but at Tanaga Island (about 178° W) its direction changes to the northwest. This change of direction corresponds to a curve in the line of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> fissures that have contributed their products to the building of the islands. Such curved chains are repeated about the Pacific Ocean in the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> chain, and in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. All these island arcs are at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> and experience much <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismic</a> activity, but are still habitable; the Aleutians lie between the Pacific and North American <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plates</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The general elevation is greatest in the eastern islands and least in the western. The island chain is a western continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Range" title="Aleutian Range">Aleutian Range</a> on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The great majority of the islands bear evident marks of volcanic origin, and there are numerous volcanic cones on the north side of the chain, some of them active; many of the islands, however, are not wholly volcanic, but contain crystalline or sedimentary rocks, and also amber and beds of <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a>. The coasts are rocky and surf-worn, and the approaches are exceedingly dangerous, the land rising immediately from the coasts to steep, bold mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These volcanic islands reach heights of 6,200 feet (1,900 m). <a href="/wiki/Makushin_Volcano" title="Makushin Volcano">Makushin Volcano</a> (5,691 feet (1,735 m)) on Unalaska Island, is not quite visible from within the town of <a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a>, though the steam rising from its cone is visible on a (rare) clear day. Residents of Unalaska need only to climb one of the smaller hills in the area, such as <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Peak_(Unalaska_Island)" title="Pyramid Peak (Unalaska Island)">Pyramid Peak</a> or Mt. Newhall, to get a good look at the snow-covered cone. The volcanic <a href="/wiki/Bogoslof_Island" title="Bogoslof Island">Bogoslof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_Island_(Aleutian_Islands)" title="Fire Island (Aleutian Islands)">Fire Islands</a>, which rose from the sea in 1796 and 1883 respectively, lie about 30 miles (50 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Bay" title="Unalaska Bay">Unalaska Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1906, a new volcanic cone rose between the islets of Bogoslof and Grewingk, near Unalaska, followed by another in 1907. These cones were nearly demolished by an explosive eruption on September 1, 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the volcanic cone erupted sending ash and ice particles 30,000 feet (9000 m) into the air.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>'s 1879 book <i>Australasia</i>, Ian Todd's 1974 book <i>Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama</i> and Dean Kohlhoff's 2002 book <i>Amchitka and the Bomb: Nuclear Testing in Alaska</i> all associate the Aleutian Islands with the <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> region due to their status as remote islands in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-realm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands, having biogeographical and ethnocultural affinities to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, are not ordinarily considered a part of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-handbook_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">The Aleutians seen from space</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleutians-space.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image of the islands taken by the STS-56 crew. Amlia Island is visible in the upper left of the photo, while the eastern half of Atka Island is shown at the right. North is to the bottom left in this photo."><img alt="Image of the islands taken by the STS-56 crew. Amlia Island is visible in the upper left of the photo, while the eastern half of Atka Island is shown at the right. North is to the bottom left in this photo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleutians-space.jpg/120px-Aleutians-space.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleutians-space.jpg/180px-Aleutians-space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleutians-space.jpg/240px-Aleutians-space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="3904" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Image of the islands taken by the <a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a> crew. Amlia Island is visible in the upper left of the photo, while the eastern half of Atka Island is shown at the right. North is to the bottom left in this photo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleutian_Clouds.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="These cloud formations were seen over the western Aleutian Islands."><img alt="These cloud formations were seen over the western Aleutian Islands." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aleutian_Clouds.jpg/120px-Aleutian_Clouds.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aleutian_Clouds.jpg/180px-Aleutian_Clouds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aleutian_Clouds.jpg/240px-Aleutian_Clouds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">These cloud formations were seen over the western Aleutian Islands.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_(ASTER).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ASTER image of the islands"><img alt="ASTER image of the islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg/120px-Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg/180px-Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg/240px-Alaska%27s_Aleutian_Island_%28ASTER%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2701" data-file-height="2701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflection_Radiometer" title="Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer">ASTER</a> image of the islands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aleutian Islands on May 15, 2014, by NASA's Aqua satellite"><img alt="Aleutian Islands on May 15, 2014, by NASA's Aqua satellite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg/120px-Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg/180px-Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg/240px-Aleutian_Islands_amo_2014135_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aleutian Islands on May 15, 2014, by NASA's <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a> satellite</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuluk_Bay,_Adak,_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Kuluk_Bay%2C_Adak%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak Island</a>'s climate creates a <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of the islands is oceanic, with moderate and fairly uniform temperatures and heavy rainfall. Fogs are almost constant. Summer weather is much cooler than Southeast Alaska (around <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>), but the winter temperature of the islands and of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Panhandle">Alaska Panhandle</a> is nearly the same.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system, the area southwest of <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aleutian_Islands&params=53.5_N_167_W_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">167°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.5°N 167.0°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.5; -167.0</span></span></span></a></span></span>, on <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska Island</a>, has a "Subpolar Oceanic Climate" (type "Cfc", as does <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushuaia" title="Ushuaia">Ushuaia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>), characterized by the coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F), one to three months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F), and no significant precipitation differences between seasons. To the northeast of that point, the climate becomes "Subarctic With Cool Summers And Year Around Rainfall" (type "Dfc", like <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labrador_City" title="Labrador City">Labrador City</a>), where it is similar albeit colder, with the coldest month averaging <b>below</b> 0 °C (32 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the winter, the islands become the center of a semi-permanent <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">low-pressure area</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Low" title="Aleutian Low">Aleutian Low</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RodinovBondOverland_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RodinovBondOverland-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mean annual temperature for Unalaska, the most populated island of the group, is about 38 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a> (3 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>), being about 30 °F (−1 °C) in January and about 52 °F (11 °C) in August. The highest and lowest temperatures recorded on the islands were 78 °F (26 °C) and 5 °F (−15 °C), respectively. The average amount of annual rainfall is about 80 inches (2,000 mm); Unalaska, with about 250 rainy days per year, is said to be one of the rainiest places within the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes,_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG/220px-Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG/330px-Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG/440px-Cape_Promontory_Cape_Lutkes%2C_Alaska._Cape_Lutkes_is_part_of_the_Aleutian_Islands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Cape Promontory, Cape Lutkes on <a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak Island</a> in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska</figcaption></figure> <p>The growing season lasts approximately 135 days, from early in May until late in September, but agriculture is limited to the raising of few vegetables. With the exception of some stunted <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willows</a>, the vast majority of the chain is devoid of native trees.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some of the islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amaknak_Island" title="Amaknak Island">Amaknak</a>, there are a few <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">coniferous</a> trees growing, remnants of the <a href="#Russian_period">Russian period</a>. While tall trees grow in many cold climates, Aleutian conifers — some estimated to be two hundred years old — rarely reach a height of even 10 feet (3 m), and many of them are still less than 5 feet (1.5 m) tall. This is because the islands, much like the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falklands</a> and other islands of similar <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitudes</a>, experience such strong winds that taller trees are vulnerable to snapping off. </p><p>Instead of trees, the islands are covered with a luxuriant, dense growth of herbage and shrubs, including <a href="/wiki/Crowberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowberry">crowberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluejoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluejoint">bluejoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedges</a>, and many flowering plants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are areas of peat bog near the coasts. Endemic plants include the endangered <a href="/wiki/Polystichum_aleuticum" title="Polystichum aleuticum">Aleutian shield fern</a>. </p><p>There is currently almost no naturally occurring forest in the Aleutian Islands, except with the help of human intervention. For example, the Adak Forest on <a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak Island</a> is a man-made tree group consisting of 33 trees.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/220px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/330px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/440px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>Transient <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orcas</a> near Unimak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amak_Island,_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg/220px-Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg/330px-Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg/440px-Amak_Island%2C_Steller%27s_Sea_Lion_haul_out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lions</a> haul out on <a href="/wiki/Amak_Island" title="Amak Island">Amak Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Aleutians are home to many large colonies of seabirds. <a href="/wiki/Buldir_Island_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buldir Island (Alaska)">Buldir Island</a> has 21 breeding seabird species, including the Bering Sea-endemic <a href="/wiki/Red-legged_kittiwake" title="Red-legged kittiwake">red-legged kittiwake</a>. Large seabird colonies are also present at <a href="/wiki/Kiska" title="Kiska">Kiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gareloi_Island" title="Gareloi Island">Gareloi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semisopochnoi_Island" title="Semisopochnoi Island">Semisopochnoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogoslof_Island" title="Bogoslof Island">Bogoslof</a>, and others. The islands are also frequented by vagrant Asiatic birds, including the <a href="/wiki/Common_rosefinch" title="Common rosefinch">common rosefinch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_rubythroat" title="Siberian rubythroat">Siberian rubythroat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluethroat" title="Bluethroat">bluethroat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanceolated_warbler" title="Lanceolated warbler">lanceolated warbler</a>, and the first North American record of the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_egret" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate egret">intermediate egret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The habitats of the Aleutians are largely unspoiled, but wildlife is affected by competition from introduced species such as cattle, <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>. Nearly all of the Aleutians are protected as part of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Maritime_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge">Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Islands Wilderness">Aleutian Islands Wilderness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observations have identified <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otters</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Keystone_species" title="Keystone species">keystone species</a> along the coasts of many of the Aleutian Islands. Their presence encourages the growth of <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelp forests">kelp forests</a>, as the otters control <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchin</a> populations (as large populations of sea urchins can create <a href="/wiki/Urchin_barrens" class="mw-redirect" title="Urchin barrens">urchin barrens</a> by clearing away kelp stands).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island,_Aleutian_Islands,_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Residences_in_Adak._Adak_Island%2C_Aleutian_Islands%2C_Alaska_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5062" data-file-height="3375" /></a><figcaption>Residences in <a href="/wiki/Adak,_Alaska" title="Adak, Alaska">Adak</a>, Adak Island</figcaption></figure> <p>The native people refer to themselves as Unangan, and are now generally known by most non-natives as the <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut language</a> is one of the two main branches of the <a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Eskimo–Aleut</a> language family. This family is not known to be related to any others. The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. Census</a> recorded a population of 7,152 on the islands, of whom 4,254 were living in the main settlement of <a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg/220px-Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg/330px-Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg/440px-Dutch_harbor_crab_boats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Dutch harbor <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_king_crab_fishing" title="Alaskan king crab fishing">crab boats</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the less mountainous islands, the raising of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> was once believed to be practicable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> on islands near Sand Point. Sheep raising seems to have died off with the advent of synthetic fibers, which lowered the value of wool. During the 1980s, there were some <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> being raised on Unalaska. The current economy is primarily based on <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">fishing</a>, and the presence of U.S. military. The only crop is <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Chickens</a> are raised in barns under protection from the cold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to a partial air service and a ferry service, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Marine_Highway" title="Alaska Marine Highway">Alaska Marine Highway</a> passes through many of the U.S. islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because the islands stretch like a broken bridge from the continent Asia to the continent North America, many anthropologists<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> hypothesize they were a route of the <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement of the Americas">first human occupants of the Americas</a>. However, the earliest known evidence in public <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a> of human occupation in the Americas is found much farther south. The early human sites in the Bering Sea were probably submerged by rising waters and sand during the current <a href="/wiki/Interglacial" title="Interglacial">interglacial</a> period. </p><p>People living in or on the Aleutian Islands developed skills in hunting, fishing, and basketry. The baskets were woven with shredded stalks of beach rye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_period">Russian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Russian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Aleut.jpg/220px-Aleut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Aleut.jpg/330px-Aleut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Aleut.jpg/440px-Aleut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleutian</a> man with a <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Creole_people" title="Alaskan Creole people">Creole</a> woman in the Aleutian Islands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg/220px-Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg/330px-Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg/440px-Das_Innere_einer_Winterwohnung_auf_Unalaschka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>A Creole winter home in <a href="/wiki/Unalaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Unalaska">Unalaska</a>, Aleutian Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>Explorers, traders and missionaries arrived from Russia beginning in 1741. </p><p>In 1741 the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> government sent <a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Vitus Bering</a>, a Danish-born Russian, and <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Aleksei Chirikov</a>, a Russian, in the ships <i>Saint Peter</i> and <i>Saint Paul</i> on a voyage of discovery in the Northern Pacific. After the ships were separated by a storm; Chirikov discovered several eastern islands of the Aleutian group, and Bering discovered several of the western islands. Bering was shipwrecked and died in the Komandorski Islands (<a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander Islands</a>); one of which now bears his name (<a href="/wiki/Bering_Island" title="Bering Island">Bering Island</a>), along with the surrounding Bering Sea. The survivors of Bering's party reached the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a> in a boat constructed from the wreckage of their ship, and reported the islands were rich in fur-bearing animals.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siberian fur hunters flocked to the Commander Islands and gradually moved eastward across the Aleutian Islands to the mainland. In this manner, Russia gained a foothold on the northwestern coast of North America. The Aleutian Islands consequently belonged to Russia, until that country <a href="/wiki/Alaska_purchase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska purchase">transferred</a> all its possessions in North America to the U.S. in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the consolidation of the Russian-American Company there was sporadic conflict with the native population (frequently disastrous to the poorly armed and vastly outnumbered Russians). The colonies soon entered a relatively stable state based on cooperation, intermarriage, and official policies that provided social status, education, and professional training to children of mixed Aleut-Russian birth.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a generation, the day-to-day administration of the Russian-American colonies was largely in the hands of native-born Alaskans. Reversing the usual trend in colonization where indigenous technologies are replaced, the Russians adopted the Aleut kayak, or <a href="/wiki/Baidarka" class="mw-redirect" title="Baidarka">baidarka</a>, sea otter hunting techniques, and the working of native copper deposits. The Russians instituted public education, preservation of the Aleut language through transliteration of religious and other texts into Aleut via an adaptation of the Cyrillic alphabet, vaccination of the native population against <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, and science-based sea mammal conservation policies that were ahead of their time.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unalaska_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Unalaska_church.jpg/220px-Unalaska_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Unalaska_church.jpg/330px-Unalaska_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Unalaska_church.jpg/440px-Unalaska_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Russian Orthodox Church on Unalaska Island</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1760 the Russian merchant Andrian Tolstykh had made a detailed census in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak</a> and extended Russian citizenship to the Aleuts. </p><p>During his third and last voyage in 1778, Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> surveyed the eastern portion of the Aleutian archipelago, accurately determined the position of some of the more important islands, and corrected many errors of former navigators.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orthodox_Christian_heritage">Orthodox Christian heritage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Orthodox Christian heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the first <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> missionaries to arrive in the Aleutian Islands was a party of ten <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> monks and priests, who arrived in 1793. Within two years, a monk named Herman was the only survivor of that party. He settled on <a href="/wiki/Spruce_Island_(Alaska)" title="Spruce Island (Alaska)">Spruce Island</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a>, and often defended the rights of the Aleuts against the Russian trading companies. He is now known in the Orthodox Church as Saint <a href="/wiki/Herman_of_Alaska" title="Herman of Alaska">Herman of Alaska</a>. </p><p>Another early Christian missionary of the Russian Orthodox Church was Father Veniaminov who arrived in <a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska</a> in 1824. He was named Bishop Innokentii in 1840 and moved to <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>. He is now known in the Orthodox Church as Saint <a href="/wiki/Innocent_of_Alaska" title="Innocent of Alaska">Innocent of Alaska</a>. </p><p>The principal settlements were on Unalaska Island. The oldest was Iliuliuk (also called Unalaska), settled in 1760–1775, with a customs house and an Orthodox church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._possession">U.S. possession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: U.S. possession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AleutianIslands.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/AleutianIslands.jpeg" decoding="async" width="650" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="182" /></a></span><br /><small>Western Aleutian Islands, from a 1916 map of the Alaska Territory</small></div> <p>After the American <a href="/wiki/Alaska_purchase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska purchase">purchase of Alaska</a> from Russia in 1867, further development took place. New buildings included a <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> mission and orphanage, and the headquarters for a considerable fleet of United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">revenue cutters</a>, which patrolled the <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealing</a> grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Pribilof_Islands" title="Pribilof Islands">Pribilof Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first public school in Unalaska opened in 1883. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attu_village_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Attu_village_1937.jpg/220px-Attu_village_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Attu_village_1937.jpg/330px-Attu_village_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Attu_village_1937.jpg/440px-Attu_village_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="3198" /></a><figcaption>Attu village, <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu Island</a> in June 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> extended American citizenship to all Native Americans (and this law has been held to include the indigenous peoples of Alaska) in 1924. A hospital was built in Unalaska in 1933 by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg/220px-Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg/330px-Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg/440px-Attu_landing_craft_on_beach_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4041" data-file-height="3181" /></a><figcaption>U.S. soldiers of the southern landing force on the beach at <a href="/wiki/Massacre_Bay_(Alaska)" title="Massacre Bay (Alaska)">Massacre Bay</a>, Attu Island during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a>, May 11, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in what were the only two invasions of the United States during the war, small parts of the Aleutian islands were occupied by <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> forces, when <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiska" title="Kiska">Kiska</a> were invaded possibly to divert American forces away from the main Japanese attack at <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a>. The U.S. Navy, having broken the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_naval_codes" title="Japanese naval codes">Japanese naval codes</a>, proceeded as if this was just a diversion,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it did not expend large amounts of effort in defending the islands. More than 90 Americans were taken to Japan as prisoners of war. Most of the civilian population (over 800) of the Aleutians and Pribilovians were detained by the United States in camps in the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Panhandle">Alaska Panhandle</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a>, American forces invaded Japanese-held Attu and defeated the Japanese. American and Canadian troops later launched an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kiska" title="Kiska">Kiska</a>, in which 34,426 men composed of both Americans and Canadian participated; however, Japanese forces had already withdrawn, ending the campaign in the islands. The invasion was an embarrassment for the Allied forces as the entire Japanese force of 5,183 men had left the island on July 28 without the Americans noticing; however, the Americans suffered significant casualties during their “invasion” – 313 men died as a result of accidents, with many dying due to accidental fire. </p><p>President Roosevelt visited Adak in 1944, meeting with commanders and eating with soldiers of the garrison. This was his first and only trip to the Aleutian Islands and Alaska as a whole. A rumor spread that FDR had accidentally left his Scottish Terrier "Fala" on one of the Islands and had to send a destroyer to retrieve the dog, costing taxpayers several million dollars. The President made fun of these rumors during a talk with the Teamsters Union in Washington DC, now known as the "Fala Speech". At this speech the President joked with the crowd saying, "Well, of course, I don't resent attacks, and my family doesn't resent attacks, but Fala does resent them!"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>June 3, 2002 was celebrated as Dutch Harbor Remembrance Day. The governor of Alaska ordered state flags lowered to half-staff to honor the 43 Americans who died during the two-day Japanese air attack in 1942. The <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_World_War_II_National_Historic_Area" title="Aleutian World War II National Historic Area">Aleutian World War II National Historic Area</a> Visitors Center opened that month. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood_era">Statehood era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Statehood era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. conducted <a href="/wiki/Underground_nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground nuclear testing">underground tests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> on <a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka Island</a> from 1965 to 1971 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Vela_Uniform" title="Vela Uniform">Vela Uniform</a> program. The final detonation, the <a href="/wiki/Cannikin" title="Cannikin">Cannikin</a>, was the largest underground <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a> by the U.S. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Claims_Settlement_Act" title="Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act">Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act</a> became law in 1971. In 1977, the Ounalashka Corporation (from Unalaska) declared a <a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">dividend</a>. This was the first village corporation to declare and pay a dividend to its shareholders. </p><p>The Aleutian Islands were designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO biosphere reserve">UNESCO biosphere reserve</a> in 1976. The Aleutians were one of 17 biosphere reserves in the United States withdrawn by request of the U.S. government from the programme in June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Press_Release_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Press_Release-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_Aleutians">Russian Aleutians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Russian Aleutians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aleutsky_District" title="Aleutsky District">Aleutsky District</a></div> <p><b>Russian Aleutians</b> is organized as <a href="/wiki/Aleutsky_District" title="Aleutsky District">Aleutsky District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a>. It comprises </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Island" title="Bering Island">Bering Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medny_Island" title="Medny Island">Medny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Rock" title="Sea Lion Rock">Sea Lion Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Otter_Rocks" title="Sea Otter Rocks">Sea Otter Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_Puffin_Rock" title="Tufted Puffin Rock">Tufted Puffin Rock</a> (Kamen Toporkov or Ostrov Toporkov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Ariy" title="Kamen Ariy">Kamen Ariy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Aleutian_Islands_earthquake" title="1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake">1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aleutian_Islands_earthquake" title="2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake">2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Islands Campaign">Aleutian Islands Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_East_Borough,_Alaska" title="Aleutians East Borough, Alaska">Aleutians East Borough, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_West_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska">Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aleutian_Island_volcanoes" title="List of Aleutian Island volcanoes">List of Aleutian Island volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aleutian_Islands" title="List of Aleutian Islands">List of Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Aleutian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of birds of Aleutian Islands">List of birds of Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">List of extreme points of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Lists of islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_fur_trade" title="Maritime fur trade">Maritime fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Aleutian_Islands" title="Military history of the Aleutian Islands">Military history of the Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Aleut" title="Peter the Aleut">Peter the Aleut</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EBonline-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EBonline_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBonline_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica2015" class="citation web cs1">The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (18 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aleutian-Islands">"Aleutian Islands"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912101632/https://www.britannica.com/place/Aleutian-Islands">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aleutian+Islands&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft.au=The+Editors+of+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAleutian-Islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Aleutian%20Islands">"Aleutian Islands"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. Merriam-Webster, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222173931/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Aleutian%20Islands">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Aleutian+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FAleutian%2520Islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Aleutian">"Aleutian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleutian&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2FAleutian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Nuttall2005" class="citation book cs1">Mark Nuttall, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of the Arctic</i>. Routledge. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-99785-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-99785-9"><bdi>0-203-99785-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Arctic&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-203-99785-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Forchhammer1863" class="citation journal cs1">George Forchhammer (1863). Royal Society of London (ed.). "On the Constitution of Sea-Water, at different Depths, and in different Latitudes". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>12</b>. Taylor & Francis: 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=On+the+Constitution+of+Sea-Water%2C+at+different+Depths%2C+and+in+different+Latitudes&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1863&rft.au=George+Forchhammer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Aleutian-Islands-map-showing-locations-of-major-island-groups-and-islands-mentioned_fig1_330651810">"The Aleutian Islands map showing locations of major island groups and islands mentioned in the text. *, Samalga Pass"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913194535/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Aleutian-Islands-map-showing-locations-of-major-island-groups-and-islands-mentioned_fig1_330651810">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-13</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Aleutian+Islands+map+showing+locations+of+major+island+groups+and+islands+mentioned+in+the+text.+%2A%2C+Samalga+Pass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FThe-Aleutian-Islands-map-showing-locations-of-major-island-groups-and-islands-mentioned_fig1_330651810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenech2020" class="citation web cs1">Domenech, Douglas W. (11 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/oia/press/op-ed-us-territories-not-states-bear-scars-world-war-ii">"Op-Ed: U.S. Territories, Not States, Bear the Scars of World War II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> www.doi.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Federalist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Federalist">The Federalist</a>. <q>While there were German and Japanese submarine attacks on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, it was four U.S. territories – Guam, the Philippines, Kiska and Attu in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and Wake Atoll – which were the only American land to suffer enemy occupation. It was not until 1959 that Hawaii and Alaska became states. The Philippines became a territory of the United States in 1898 and achieved its independence on July 4, 1946. The U.S. territory of American Samoa was bombed in WWII but never occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Interior+www.doi.org&rft.atitle=Op-Ed%3A+U.S.+Territories%2C+Not+States%2C+Bear+the+Scars+of+World+War+II&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft.aulast=Domenech&rft.aufirst=Douglas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Foia%2Fpress%2Fop-ed-us-territories-not-states-bear-scars-world-war-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlempererMillerGrantzScholl2002" class="citation journal cs1">Klemperer, S. L.; Miller, E. L.; Grantz, A.; Scholl, D. W. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280292183">"Crustal structure of the Bering and Chukchi shelves: Deep seismic reflection profiles across the North American continent between Alaska and Russia"</a>. <i>Special Papers, Geological Society of America</i>. <b>360</b>: 1–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813723600" title="Special:BookSources/9780813723600"><bdi>9780813723600</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Papers%2C+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Crustal+structure+of+the+Bering+and+Chukchi+shelves%3A+Deep+seismic+reflection+profiles+across+the+North+American+continent+between+Alaska+and+Russia&rft.volume=360&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780813723600&rft.aulast=Klemperer&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft.au=Miller%2C+E.+L.&rft.au=Grantz%2C+A.&rft.au=Scholl%2C+D.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F280292183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbrookLizarraldeMcGearyBangs1999" class="citation journal cs1">Holbrook, W. S.; Lizarralde, D.; McGeary, S.; Bangs, N.; Diebold, J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://steveholbrook.com/research/deep_structure_of_magmatic_/aleutian_arc/holbrook_1999_geology_repri.pdf">"Structure and composition of the Aleutian island arc and implications for continental crustal growth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Geology</i>. <b>27</b> (1): 31–34. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Geo....27...31H">1999Geo....27...31H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281999%29027%3C0031%3ASACOTA%3E2.3.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0031:SACOTA>2.3.CO;2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412065212/https://steveholbrook.com/research/deep_structure_of_magmatic_/aleutian_arc/holbrook_1999_geology_repri.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Structure+and+composition+of+the+Aleutian+island+arc+and+implications+for+continental+crustal+growth&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-34&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281999%29027%3C0031%3ASACOTA%3E2.3.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Geo....27...31H&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=W.+S.&rft.au=Lizarralde%2C+D.&rft.au=McGeary%2C+S.&rft.au=Bangs%2C+N.&rft.au=Diebold%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsteveholbrook.com%2Fresearch%2Fdeep_structure_of_magmatic_%2Faleutian_arc%2Fholbrook_1999_geology_repri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">i.e. east of 172° E and west of 163° W longitude, straddling the <a href="/wiki/Antimeridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimeridian">antimeridian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aleutian_Islands" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 543–544.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleutian+Islands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=543-544&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/alaska-volcano-erupts-again-sending-up-another-ash-cloud">"Alaska volcano erupts again, sending up another ash cloud"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 2017-01-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126212545/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/01/26/alaska-volcano-erupts-again-sending-up-another-ash-cloud.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Alaska+volcano+erupts+again%2C+sending+up+another+ash+cloud&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Falaska-volcano-erupts-again-sending-up-another-ash-cloud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realm-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-realm_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd1974" class="citation book cs1">Todd, Ian (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22island+realm+a+pacific+panorama%22"><i>Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama</i></a>. Angus & Robertson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780207127618" title="Special:BookSources/9780207127618"><bdi>9780207127618</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703174815/https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22island+realm+a+pacific+panorama%22">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Island+Realm%3A+A+Pacific+Panorama&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780207127618&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcEJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522island%2Brealm%2Ba%2Bpacific%2Bpanorama%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1879" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e2kcAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22oceania+is+the+word+often%22&pg=PA2"><i>Australasia</i></a>. The University of Michigan. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064236/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Australasia/e2kcAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22oceania+is+the+word+often%22&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon [...] This boundless watery domain, which extends northwards of Behring Straits and southward to the Antarctic barrier of ice, is studded with many island groups, which are, however, very irregularly distributed over its surface. The more northerly section, lying between Japan and California and between the Aleutian and Hawaiian Archipelagos is relived by nothing but a few solitary reefs and rocks at enormously distant intervals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australasia&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De2kcAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bword%2Boften%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlhoff2002" class="citation book cs1">Kohlhoff, Dean (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSWn8lbI4q4C&dq=%22aleutian+islands%22+%22oceania%22&pg=PA6"><i>Amchitka and the Bomb: Nuclear Testing in Alaska</i></a>. University of Washington Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295800509" title="Special:BookSources/9780295800509"><bdi>9780295800509</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517051213/https://books.google.com/books?id=kSWn8lbI4q4C&dq=%22aleutian+islands%22+%22oceania%22&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>The regional name of the Pacific Islands is appropriate: Oceania, a sea of islands, including those of Alaska and Hawaii. The Pacific Basin is not insignificant or remote. It covers one third of the globe's surface. Its northern boundary is the Aleutian Islands chain. Oceania virtually touches all of the Western Hemisphere.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amchitka+and+the+Bomb%3A+Nuclear+Testing+in+Alaska&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780295800509&rft.aulast=Kohlhoff&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSWn8lbI4q4C%26dq%3D%2522aleutian%2Bislands%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean">"Oceania | Definition, Population, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230913004432/https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Oceania+%26%23124%3B+Definition%2C+Population%2C+%26+Facts+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FOceania-region-Pacific-Ocean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbook_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1971" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, John William (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOIqt-UQowC&dq=%22oceania%22+%22aleutian+islands%22&pg=PR5"><i>Area Handbook for Oceania</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406111120/https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOIqt-UQowC&dq=%22oceania%22+%22aleutian+islands%22&pg=PR5">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+Oceania&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=John+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuOIqt-UQowC%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522aleutian%2Bislands%2522%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-united-states.php">"Interactive United States Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map"</a>. <i>www.plantmaps.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214712/https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-united-states.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.plantmaps.com&rft.atitle=Interactive+United+States+Koppen-Geiger+Climate+Classification+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantmaps.com%2Fkoppen-climate-classification-map-united-states.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RodinovBondOverland-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RodinovBondOverland_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodionovBondOverland2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rodionov, S.N.; Bond, N.A.; Overland, J.E. (November 2007). "The Aleutian Low, storm tracks, and winter climate variability in the Bering Sea". <i>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography</i>. <b>54</b> (23–26): 2560–2577. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007DSRII..54.2560R">2007DSRII..54.2560R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dsr2.2007.08.002">10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deep+Sea+Research+Part+II%3A+Topical+Studies+in+Oceanography&rft.atitle=The+Aleutian+Low%2C+storm+tracks%2C+and+winter+climate+variability+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=23%E2%80%9326&rft.pages=2560-2577&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.dsr2.2007.08.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007DSRII..54.2560R&rft.aulast=Rodionov&rft.aufirst=S.N.&rft.au=Bond%2C+N.A.&rft.au=Overland%2C+J.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524024025/https://alaskamagazine.com/travel/western-alaska/americas-smallest-forest/">"America's Smallest Forest?"</a>. <i>alaskamagazine.com</i>. 4 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alaskamagazine.com/travel/western-alaska/americas-smallest-forest/">the original</a> on 2023-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alaskamagazine.com&rft.atitle=America%27s+Smallest+Forest%3F&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falaskamagazine.com%2Ftravel%2Fwestern-alaska%2Famericas-smallest-forest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524024043/https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT87208698/PDF">"Guide to Alaska Trees"</a>. <i>naldc.nal.usda.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Agricultural_Library" title="United States National Agricultural Library">United States National Agricultural Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT87208698/PDF">the original</a> on 2023-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=naldc.nal.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Guide+to+Alaska+Trees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaldc.nal.usda.gov%2Fdownload%2FCAT87208698%2FPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mun.ca/serg/Buldir/buldirbirds.html">buldirbirds</a><i>www.mun.ca</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017080558/https://www.mun.ca/serg/Buldir/buldirbirds.html">Archived</a> 2014-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na1102">"Aleutian Islands"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Aleutian+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fna1102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstes2016" class="citation book cs1">Estes, James (2016). <i>Serendipity: An Ecologist's Quest to Understand Nature</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520285033" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520285033"><bdi>978-0520285033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serendipity%3A+An+Ecologist%27s+Quest+to+Understand+Nature&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0520285033&rft.aulast=Estes&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407141943/http://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_9.html">"THE WORLD QUESTION CENTER 2008 — Page 9"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_9.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+WORLD+QUESTION+CENTER+2008+%E2%80%94+Page+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edge.org%2Fq2008%2Fq08_9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extContent/wapa/guides/first/sec3.htm">"War in the Pacific: The First Year"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509171614/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extContent/wapa/guides/first/sec3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=War+in+the+Pacific%3A+The+First+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fnpswapa%2FextContent%2Fwapa%2Fguides%2Ffirst%2Fsec3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/alaska-japan/">"Japan Invades the Aleutian Islands"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812175814/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/alaska-japan/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Japan+Invades+the+Aleutian+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Falaska-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-aleutian-islands">"Battle of the Aleutian Islands"</a>. <i>history.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140215205934/http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-aleutian-islands">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.com&rft.atitle=Battle+of+the+Aleutian+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fworld-war-ii%2Fbattle-of-the-aleutian-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adn.com/culture/article/fdr-alaska/2014/09/12/">"When the president came to dinner: FDR in Alaska"</a>. <i>Anchorage Daily News</i>. 2014-09-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414074922/https://www.adn.com/culture/article/fdr-alaska/2014/09/12/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=When+the+president+came+to+dinner%3A+FDR+in+Alaska&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adn.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2Ffdr-alaska%2F2014%2F09%2F12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+28&mode=all">"Biosphere Reserves: Konza Prairie"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930223519/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&code=USA+28">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biosphere+Reserves%3A+Konza+Prairie&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fmabdb%2Fbr%2Fbrdir%2Fdirectory%2Fbiores.asp%3Fcode%3DUSA%2B28%26mode%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_Press_Release-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Press_Release_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/news/23-new-sites-added-unesco-s-world-network-biosphere-reserves">"23 new sites added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves"</a>. 14 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614191338/https://en.unesco.org/news/23-new-sites-added-unesco-s-world-network-biosphere-reserves">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23+new+sites+added+to+UNESCO%27s+World+Network+of+Biosphere+Reserves&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fnews%2F23-new-sites-added-unesco-s-world-network-biosphere-reserves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Gibson, Daniel D., and G. Vernon Byrd. <i>Birds of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nuttall Ornithological Club, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-943610-73-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-943610-73-3">978-0-943610-73-3</a></li> <li>Ivanov, Viacheslav Vsevolodovich. <i>The Russian Orthodox Church of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands and Its Relation to Native American Traditions—An Attempt at a Multicultural Society, 1794–1912</i>. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-048781-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-048781-1">0-16-048781-1</a></li> <li>Jochelson, Waldemar. <i>Archaeological Investigations in the Aleutian Islands</i>. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1925.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Morgan, Lael (September 1983). "The Aleutians: Alaska's Far-out Islands". <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i>. Vol. 164, no. 3. pp. 336–363. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9358">0027-9358</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/643483454">643483454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+Aleutians%3A+Alaska%27s+Far-out+Islands&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=336-363&rft.date=1983-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F643483454&rft.issn=0027-9358&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Lael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands#Q119285" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aleutian_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Aleutian Islands"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Aleutian_Islands">"Aleutian Islands" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. I (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 479–480.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleutian+Islands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=479-480&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAleutian+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot_w.php?book=9">U.S. Coast Pilot 9, Chapter 7, Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1397822">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/WildCoast.php">Seattle to Aleutian Island Expedition</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_in_the_Bering_Sea" title="Template:Islands in the Bering Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islands_in_the_Bering_Sea" title="Template talk:Islands in the Bering Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islands_in_the_Bering_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islands in the Bering Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_in_the_Bering_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands in the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adak_Island" title="Adak Island">Adak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adugak_Island" title="Adugak Island">Adugak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agattu" title="Agattu">Agattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiktak_Island" title="Aiktak Island">Aiktak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akun_Island" title="Akun Island">Akun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akutan_Island" title="Akutan Island">Akutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amak_Island" title="Amak Island">Amak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaknak_Island" title="Amaknak Island">Amaknak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatignak_Island" title="Amatignak Island">Amatignak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlia" title="Amlia">Amlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amukta" class="mw-redirect" title="Amukta">Amukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anangula_Island" title="Anangula Island">Anangula (Ananiuliak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakamchechen_Island" title="Arakamchechen Island">Arakamchechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atka_Island" title="Atka Island">Atka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatanak_Island" title="Avatanak Island">Avatanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziak_Island" title="Aziak Island">Aziak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Island" title="Bering Island">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besboro_Island" title="Besboro Island">Besboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobrof_Island" title="Bobrof Island">Bobrof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogoslof_Island" title="Bogoslof Island">Bogoslof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buldir_Island" title="Buldir Island">Buldir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle Island">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagulak_Island" title="Chagulak Island">Chagulak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuginadak_Island" title="Chuginadak Island">Chuginadak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugul_Island" title="Chugul Island">Chugul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbin_Island" title="Derbin Island">Derbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_Island_(Alaska)" title="Egg Island (Alaska)">Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareloi_Island" title="Gareloi Island">Gareloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sitkin_Island" title="Great Sitkin Island">Great Sitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagemeister_Island" title="Hagemeister Island">Hagemeister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Island_(Alaska)" title="Hall Island (Alaska)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawadax_Island" title="Hawadax Island">Hawadax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Island" title="Herbert Island">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igitkin_Island" title="Igitkin Island">Igitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilak_Island" title="Ilak Island">Ilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagalaska_Island" title="Kagalaska Island">Kagalaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagamil_Island" title="Kagamil Island">Kagamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Ariy" title="Kamen Ariy">Kamen Ariy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaga_Island" title="Kanaga Island">Kanaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaginsky_Island" title="Karaginsky Island">Karaginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasatochi_Island" title="Kasatochi Island">Kasatochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvostof_Island" title="Khvostof Island">Khvostof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Alaska)" title="King Island (Alaska)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiska" title="Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koniuji_Island" title="Koniuji Island">Koniuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_and_Kritskoi_Islands#Kritskoi_Island" title="Walrus and Kritskoi Islands">Kritskoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sitkin_Island" title="Little Sitkin Island">Little Sitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Tanaga_Island" title="Little Tanaga Island">Little Tanaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medny_Island" title="Medny Island">Medny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Island_(Alaska)" title="Nelson Island (Alaska)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunivak_Island" title="Nunivak Island">Nunivak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglodak_Island" title="Oglodak Island">Oglodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Island_(Alaska)" title="Otter Island (Alaska)">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_Rock" title="Pancake Rock">Pancake Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poa_Island" title="Poa Island">Poa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootok_Island" title="Rootok Island">Rootok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagchudak_Island" title="Sagchudak Island">Sagchudak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalga_Island" title="Samalga Island">Samalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanak_Island" title="Sanak Island">Sanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Rock" title="Sea Lion Rock">Sea Lion Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Otter_Rocks" title="Sea Otter Rocks">Sea Otter Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedanka_Island" title="Sedanka Island">Sedanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguam_Island" title="Seguam Island">Seguam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segula_Island" title="Segula Island">Segula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semisopochnoi_Island" title="Semisopochnoi Island">Semisopochnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemya" title="Shemya">Shemya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagul_Island" title="Skagul Island">Skagul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_Island" title="Sledge Island">Sledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Island" title="St. Lawrence Island">St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew_Island" title="St. Matthew Island">St. Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_Island" title="St. Michael Island">St. Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Island_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul Island (Alaska)">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Island,_Alaska" title="Stuart Island, Alaska">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalak_Island" title="Tagalak Island">Tagalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaga_Island" title="Tanaga Island">Tanaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalda_Island" title="Tigalda Island">Tigalda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_Puffin_Rock" title="Tufted Puffin Rock">Tufted Puffin Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugamak_Island" title="Ugamak Island">Ugamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugidak_Island" title="Ugidak Island">Ugidak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulak_Island" title="Ulak Island">Ulak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uliaga_Island" title="Uliaga Island">Uliaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umak_Island" title="Umak Island">Umak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umnak" title="Umnak">Umnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalaska_Island" title="Unalaska Island">Unalaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalga_Island_(Delarof_Islands)" title="Unalga Island (Delarof Islands)">Unalga (Delarof)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalga_Island_(Fox_Islands)" title="Unalga Island (Fox Islands)">Unalga (Fox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_and_Kritskoi_Islands#Walrus_Island" title="Walrus and Kritskoi Islands">Walrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_Island_(Pribilof_Islands)" title="Walrus Island (Pribilof Islands)">Walrus (Pribilof)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wislow_Island" title="Wislow Island">Wislow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttygran_Island" title="Yttygran Island">Yttygran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunaska_Island" title="Yunaska Island">Yunaska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Island groups</b><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aleutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreanof_Islands" title="Andreanof Islands">Andreanof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Islands" title="Baby Islands">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delarof_Islands" title="Delarof Islands">Delarof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomede_Islands" title="Diomede Islands">Diomede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Four_Mountains" title="Islands of Four Mountains">Four Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Islands_(Alaska)" title="Fox Islands (Alaska)">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krenitzin_Islands" title="Krenitzin Islands">Krenitzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudobin_Islands" title="Kudobin Islands">Kudobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Islands" title="Near Islands">Near</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pribilof_Islands" title="Pribilof Islands">Pribilof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punuk_Islands" title="Punuk Islands">Punuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Islands" title="Rat Islands">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanak_Islands" title="Sanak Islands">Sanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Islands_(Aleutians_East)" title="Seal Islands (Aleutians East)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_Islands" title="Walrus Islands">Walrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_and_Kritskoi_Islands" title="Walrus and Kritskoi Islands">Walrus and Kritskoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Alaska" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alaska" title="Template:Alaska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alaska" title="Template talk:Alaska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alaska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alaska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Alaska" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Alaska" title="Outline of Alaska">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Alaska-related_articles" title="Index of Alaska-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Alaska" title="Climate of Alaska">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Alaska" title="Geography of Alaska">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Alaska" title="Geology of Alaska">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Alaska" title="List of earthquakes in Alaska">Earthquakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Alaska" title="Government of Alaska">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Alaska" title="United States congressional delegations from Alaska">Delegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Alaska" title="Music of Alaska">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Alaska" title="List of people from Alaska">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_state_symbols" title="List of Alaska state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Alaska" title="Transportation in Alaska">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Alaska" title="Wildlife of Alaska">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/79px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/119px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/158px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alaska" title="Abortion in Alaska">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Alaska" title="Climate change in Alaska">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Alaska" title="Crime in Alaska">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Alaska" title="Demographics of Alaska">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alaska" title="Economy of Alaska">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Alaska">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alaska" title="Elections in Alaska">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Alaska" title="Gun laws in Alaska">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Alaska">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Alaska">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentistry_in_rural_Alaska" title="Dentistry in rural Alaska">Rural dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alaska" title="Politics of Alaska">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Alaska">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">The Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Alaska" title="Arctic Alaska">Arctic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">North Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alaska" title="Southwest Alaska">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon%E2%80%93Kuskokwim_Delta" title="Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta">Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Passage" title="Inside Passage">Inside Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Alaska" title="Interior Alaska">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanuska-Susitna_Valley" title="Matanuska-Susitna Valley">Mat‑Su Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Peninsula" title="Seward Peninsula">Seward Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcentral_Alaska" title="Southcentral Alaska">Southcentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanana_Valley" title="Tanana Valley">Tanana Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alaska" title="List of cities in Alaska">Largest cities</a> <br /> pop. over 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alaska" title="List of cities in Alaska">Smaller cities</a> <br /> pop. over 2,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingham,_Alaska" title="Dillingham, Alaska">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska" title="Kenai, Alaska">Kenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzebue,_Alaska" title="Kotzebue, Alaska">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole,_Alaska" title="North Pole, Alaska">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Alaska" title="Palmer, Alaska">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Alaska" title="Petersburg, Alaska">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldotna,_Alaska" title="Soldotna, Alaska">Soldotna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_East_Borough,_Alaska" title="Aleutians East Borough, Alaska">Aleutians East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Borough,_Alaska" title="Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska">Bristol Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denali_Borough,_Alaska" title="Denali Borough, Alaska">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_North_Star_Borough,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska">Fairbanks North Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haines_Borough,_Alaska" title="Haines Borough, Alaska">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula_Borough,_Alaska" title="Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska">Kenai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan_Gateway_Borough,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska">Ketchikan Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island_Borough,_Alaska" title="Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska">Kodiak Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_and_Peninsula_Borough,_Alaska" title="Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska">Lake and Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanuska-Susitna_Borough,_Alaska" title="Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska">Matanuska‑Susitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Slope_Borough,_Alaska" title="North Slope Borough, Alaska">North Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arctic_Borough,_Alaska" title="Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska">Northwest Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg_Borough,_Alaska" title="Petersburg Borough, Alaska">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutat,_Alaska" title="Yakutat, Alaska">Yakutat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough,_Alaska" title="Unorganized Borough, Alaska">Unorganized</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_corporation" title="Alaska Native corporation">Native corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Slope_Regional_Corporation" title="Arctic Slope Regional Corporation">Arctic Slope Regional Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Straits_Native_Corporation" title="Bering Straits Native Corporation">Bering Straits Native Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANA_Regional_Corporation" title="NANA Regional Corporation">NANA Regional Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calista_Corporation" title="Calista Corporation">Calista Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyon,_Limited" title="Doyon, Limited">Doyon, Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet_Region,_Inc." title="Cook Inlet Region, Inc.">Cook Inlet Region, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Native_Corporation" title="Bristol Bay Native Corporation">Bristol Bay Native Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aleut_Corporation" title="The Aleut Corporation">The Aleut Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugach_Alaska_Corporation" title="Chugach Alaska Corporation">Chugach Alaska Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealaska_Corporation" title="Sealaska Corporation">Sealaska Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koniag,_Incorporated" title="Koniag, Incorporated">Koniag, Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtna,_Incorporated" title="Ahtna, Incorporated">Ahtna, Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_13th_Regional_Corporation" title="The 13th Regional Corporation">The 13th Regional Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Census Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_West_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska">Aleutians West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Bethel Census Area, Alaska">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugach_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Chugach Census Area, Alaska">Chugach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_River_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Copper River Census Area, Alaska">Copper River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingham_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Dillingham Census Area, Alaska">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoonah%E2%80%93Angoon_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska">Hoonah–Angoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusilvak_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska">Kusilvak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Nome Census Area, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%E2%80%93Hyder_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska">Prince of Wales–Hyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Fairbanks_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska">Southeast Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon%E2%80%93Koyukuk_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska">Yukon–Koyukuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/48px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/64px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alaska" title="Portal:Alaska">Alaska portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239901857">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4084914-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85003359">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628162">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aleutské ostrovy (Aljaška)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge145197&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007293792205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046762">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&oldid=1258541446">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands&oldid=1258541446</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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