CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Corded Ware culture - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"133867a2-b92c-44be-bd1c-18059df4a092","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Corded_Ware_culture","wgTitle":"Corded Ware culture","wgCurRevisionId":1280019249,"wgRevisionId":1280019249,"wgArticleId":189640,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with unsourced quotes","CS1: long volume value","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2024","All pages needing cleanup","Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2024","All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify","Use dmy dates from October 2024","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023","Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from April 2024","All articles that are excessively detailed","Wikipedia articles with style issues from April 2024","All articles with style issues","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","Commons category link from Wikidata","Corded Ware culture","Archaeological cultures of Europe","Neolithic cultures of Europe","Bronze Age cultures of Europe","Chalcolithic cultures of Europe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Corded_Ware_culture","wgRelevantArticleId":189640,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q933996","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/1200px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/800px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/640px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Corded Ware culture - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Corded_Ware_culture rootpage-Corded_Ware_culture skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Corded+Ware+culture" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Corded+Ware+culture" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Corded+Ware+culture" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Corded+Ware+culture" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relation_with_Yamnaya_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_Yamnaya_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Relation with Yamnaya culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_Yamnaya_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Independent development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Subgroups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subgroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Dnieper_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Dnieper_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Middle Dnieper culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Dnieper_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatyanovo–Balanovo_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatyanovo–Balanovo_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatyanovo–Balanovo_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schnurkeramikkultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schnurkeramikkultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span><i>Schnurkeramikkultur</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schnurkeramikkultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Single_Grave_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_Grave_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Single Grave culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_Grave_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandinavian_Battle_Axe_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavian_Battle_Axe_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Scandinavian Battle Axe culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavian_Battle_Axe_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finnish_Battle_Axe_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish_Battle_Axe_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Finnish Battle Axe culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish_Battle_Axe_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Graves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories_regarding_linguistic_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_regarding_linguistic_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Theories regarding linguistic identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theories_regarding_linguistic_identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theories regarding linguistic identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theories_regarding_linguistic_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spread_of_Indo-European_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_of_Indo-European_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Spread of Indo-European languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_of_Indo-European_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theoretical_explanation:_language_shift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theoretical_explanation:_language_shift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Theoretical explanation: language shift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theoretical_explanation:_language_shift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Genetic studies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genetic_studies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Genetic studies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Genetic_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relation_with_Yamnaya-culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_Yamnaya-culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Relation with Yamnaya-culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_Yamnaya-culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Y-DNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Y-DNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Y-DNA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Y-DNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-R1a_and_R1b" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#R1a_and_R1b"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>R1a and R1b</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-R1a_and_R1b-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_reported_CW_Y-DNA_haplogroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_reported_CW_Y-DNA_haplogroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Overview of reported CW Y-DNA haplogroups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_reported_CW_Y-DNA_haplogroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_later_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_later_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Relations with later cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_later_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Corded Ware culture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%85" title="حضارة الخزف المحزم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة الخزف المحزم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F_baltas%C4%B1_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti" title="Döyüş baltası mədəniyyəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Döyüş baltası mədəniyyəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="দড়ির ছাপযুক্ত মৃৎসামগ্রী সংস্কৃতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দড়ির ছাপযুক্ত মৃৎসামগ্রী সংস্কৃতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Культура шнуравой керамікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Культура шнуравой керамікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Култура на шнуровата керамика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Култура на шнуровата керамика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_vrp%C4%8Daste_keramike" title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_la_cer%C3%A0mica_cordada" title="Cultura de la ceràmica cordada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura de la ceràmica cordada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%83_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Вăрçă пуртисен культури – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăрçă пуртисен культури" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_se_%C5%A1%C5%88%C5%AFrovou_keramikou" title="Kultura se šňůrovou keramikou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kultura se šňůrovou keramikou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnurkeramische_Kultur" title="Schnurkeramische Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schnurkeramische Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6rkeraamika_kultuur" title="Nöörkeraamika kultuur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nöörkeraamika kultuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Πολιτισμός της σχοινοειδούς κεραμεικής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτισμός της σχοινοειδούς κεραμεικής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_la_cer%C3%A1mica_cordada" title="Cultura de la cerámica cordada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de la cerámica cordada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cnurceramika_kulturo" title="Ŝnurceramika kulturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝnurceramika kulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoi-zeramika_kultura" title="Kordoi-zeramika kultura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kordoi-zeramika kultura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique_cord%C3%A9e" title="Culture de la céramique cordée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture de la céramique cordée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EB%93%AD%EB%AC%B4%EB%8A%AC%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="매듭무늬토기 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매듭무늬토기 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_vrp%C4%8Daste_keramike" title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_della_ceramica_cordata" title="Cultura della ceramica cordata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura della ceramica cordata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תרבות הכלים הקשורים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרבות הכלים הקשורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auklas_keramikas_kult%C5%ABra" title="Auklas keramikas kultūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Auklas keramikas kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virvelin%C4%97s_keramikos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Virvelinės keramikos kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virvelinės keramikos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_de_vasos_cordida" title="Cultur de vasos cordida – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur de vasos cordida" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsinegd%C3%ADszes_ker%C3%A1mia_kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1ja" title="Zsinegdíszes kerámia kultúrája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zsinegdíszes kerámia kultúrája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Култура на линеарна керамика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Култура на линеарна керамика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touwbekercultuur" title="Touwbekercultuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Touwbekercultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%84%E7%9B%AE%E6%96%87%E5%9C%9F%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="縄目文土器文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="縄目文土器文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strids%C3%B8kskulturen" title="Stridsøkskulturen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stridsøkskulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strids%C3%B8kskulturen" title="Stridsøkskulturen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stridsøkskulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_la_terralha_cordada" title="Cultura de la terralha cordada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cultura de la terralha cordada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej" title="Kultura ceramiki sznurowej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura ceramiki sznurowej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_da_cer%C3%A2mica_cordada" title="Cultura da cerâmica cordada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura da cerâmica cordada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Культура боевых топоров – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культура боевых топоров" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_trakaste_keramike" title="Kultura trakaste keramike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kultura trakaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Култура линеарне керамике – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Култура линеарне керамике" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_vrp%C4%8Daste_keramike" title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuorakeraaminen_kulttuuri" title="Nuorakeraaminen kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nuorakeraaminen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%B6rkeramisk_kultur" title="Snörkeramisk kultur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Snörkeramisk kultur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0p_Bask%C4%B1l%C4%B1_Seramik_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="İp Baskılı Seramik kültürü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İp Baskılı Seramik kültürü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Культура шнурової кераміки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Культура шнурової кераміки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B3%E7%BA%B9%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="绳纹器文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="绳纹器文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q933996#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Corded_Ware_culture" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Corded_Ware_culture" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Corded_Ware_culture" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&oldid=1280019249" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Corded_Ware_culture&id=1280019249&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCorded_Ware_culture"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCorded_Ware_culture"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Corded_Ware_culture&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Corded_Ware_culture" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q933996" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">European Bronze Age culture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Corded Ware culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Corded_Ware_culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/220px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/330px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg/440px-Corded_Ware_culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic_Europe" title="Chalcolithic Europe">Chalcolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2350 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronocice" title="Bronocice">Bronocice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillia_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucuteni-Trypillia culture">Cucuteni-Trypillia culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volosovo_culture" title="Volosovo culture">Volosovo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit–Comb Ware culture">Pit–Comb Ware culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture" title="Pitted Ware culture">Pitted Ware culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mierzanowice_culture" title="Mierzanowice culture">Mierzanowice culture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9An%C4%9Btice_culture" title="Únětice culture">Únětice culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komarov_culture" title="Komarov culture">Komarov culture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Indo-European" title="Category:Indo-European">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.2em;background:rgb(220,245,220);"><a href="/wiki/Category:Indo-European" title="Category:Indo-European">Indo-European topics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indo-European_migrations.gif" title="File:Indo-European migrations.gif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indo-European_migrations.gif/250px-Indo-European_migrations.gif" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indo-European_migrations.gif/330px-Indo-European_migrations.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indo-European_languages" title="List of Indo-European languages">List of Indo-European languages</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Extant</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanoid" title="Albanoid">Albanoid</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages">Balto-Slavic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Extinct</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_languages" title="Anatolian languages">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_languages" title="Paleo-Balkan languages">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Dacian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_language" title="Illyrian language">Illyrian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Liburnian_language" title="Liburnian language">Liburnian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Messapic_language" title="Messapic language">Messapic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mysian_language" title="Mysian language">Mysian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Paeonian_language" title="Paeonian language">Paeonian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_language" title="Phrygian language">Phrygian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Reconstructed</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_phonology" title="Proto-Indo-European phonology">Phonology</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_sound_laws" title="Indo-European sound laws">Sound laws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_accent" title="Proto-Indo-European accent">Accent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_ablaut" title="Indo-European ablaut">Ablaut</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Hypothetical</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_languages" title="Paleo-Balkan languages">Balkanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Thracian">Daco-Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Albanian" title="Graeco-Albanian">Graeco-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Armenian" title="Graeco-Armenian">Graeco-Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Aryan" title="Graeco-Aryan">Graeco-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Phrygian" title="Graeco-Phrygian">Graeco-Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Hittite" title="Indo-Hittite">Indo-Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Celtic" title="Italo-Celtic">Italo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Illyrian" title="Thraco-Illyrian">Thraco-Illyrian</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Grammar</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_vocabulary" title="Indo-European vocabulary">Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_root" title="Proto-Indo-European root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_verbs" title="Proto-Indo-European verbs">Verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_nominals" title="Proto-Indo-European nominals">Nouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_pronouns" title="Proto-Indo-European pronouns">Pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_numerals" title="Proto-Indo-European numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_particles" title="Proto-Indo-European particles">Particles</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Other</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Albanian_language" title="Proto-Albanian language">Proto-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Anatolian_language" title="Proto-Anatolian language">Proto-Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Armenian_language" title="Proto-Armenian language">Proto-Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Italo-Celtic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Italo-Celtic language">Proto-Italo-Celtic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a> · <a href="/wiki/Proto-Italic_language" title="Proto-Italic language">Proto-Italic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Balto-Slavic language">Proto-Balto-Slavic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a> · <a href="/wiki/Proto-Baltic_language" title="Proto-Baltic language">Proto-Baltic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Aryan_language" title="Proto-Indo-Aryan language">Proto-Indo-Aryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Nuristani_language" title="Proto-Nuristani language">Proto-Nuristani</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Philology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_inscriptions" title="Hittite inscriptions">Hittite inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behistun_Inscription" title="Behistun Inscription">Behistun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_inscriptions" title="Greek inscriptions">Greek epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_language#Inscriptions" title="Phrygian language">Phrygian epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapic_language#Inscriptions" title="Messapic language">Messapic epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin#Corpus" title="Old Latin">Latin epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish#Corpus" title="Gaulish">Gaulish epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_inscriptions" title="Runic inscriptions">Runic epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Bible" title="Gothic Bible">Gothic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Armenian" title="Bible translations into Armenian">Bible translations into Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish#Sources" title="Old Irish">Old Irish glosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Albanian Kanun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_homeland" title="Proto-Indo-European homeland">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_society" title="Proto-Indo-European society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Religion</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Mainstream</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">Kurgan hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_nomads" title="Eurasian nomads">Eurasian nomads</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Alternative and fringe</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hypothesis" title="Anatolian hypothesis">Anatolian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_hypothesis" title="Armenian hypothesis">Armenian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_argument" title="Beech argument">Beech argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Aryanism" title="Indigenous Aryanism">Indigenous Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_homeland#Baltic_homeland" title="Proto-Indo-European homeland">Baltic homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_continuity_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic continuity theory">Paleolithic continuity theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Archaeology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic (Copper Age)</a></b><br /> <p><i>Pontic Steppe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">Kurgan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_stelae" title="Kurgan stelae">Kurgan stelae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurgan culture">Kurgan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Language" title="The Horse, the Wheel, and Language">Steppe cultures</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Dniester_culture" title="Bug–Dniester culture">Bug–Dniester</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture" title="Sredny Stog culture">Sredny Stog</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Donets_culture" title="Dnieper–Donets culture">Dnieper–Donets</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Samara_culture" title="Samara culture">Samara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khvalynsk_culture" title="Khvalynsk culture">Khvalynsk</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mykhailivka_culture" title="Mykhailivka culture">Mykhailivka culture</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Novotitarovskaya_culture" title="Novotitarovskaya culture">Novotitarovskaya culture</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Caucasus</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maykop_culture" title="Maykop culture">Maykop</a></li></ul> <p><i>East Asia</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afanasievo_culture" title="Afanasievo culture">Afanasievo</a></li></ul> <p><i>Eastern Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Usatove_culture" title="Usatove culture">Usatove</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni</a></li></ul> <p><i>Northern Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corded ware</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></b><br /> <i>Pontic Steppe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">Chariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-cordoned_ware_culture" title="Multi-cordoned ware culture">Multi-cordoned ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltavka_culture" title="Poltavka culture">Poltavka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srubnaya_culture" title="Srubnaya culture">Srubnaya</a></li></ul> <p><i>Northern/Eastern Steppe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corded ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9An%C4%9Btice_culture" title="Únětice culture">Únětice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trzciniec_culture" title="Trzciniec culture">Trzciniec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus_culture" title="Tumulus culture">Tumulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urnfield_culture" title="Urnfield culture">Urnfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Villanovan_culture" title="Proto-Villanovan culture">Proto-Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Este_culture" title="Este culture">Este</a></li></ul> <p><i>South Asia</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishkent_culture" title="Bishkent culture">Bishkent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakhsh_culture" title="Vakhsh culture">Vakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">BMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture" title="Ochre Coloured Pottery culture">Ochre Coloured Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Hoard_culture" title="Copper Hoard culture">Copper Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery_H_culture" title="Cemetery H culture">Cemetery H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara_grave_culture" title="Gandhara grave culture">Gandhara grave</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></b><br /> <i>Steppe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernoles_culture" title="Chernoles culture">Chernoles</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Cimmerian" title="Thraco-Cimmerian">Thraco-Cimmerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastorf_culture" title="Jastorf culture">Jastorf</a></li></ul> <p><i>Caucasus</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian</a></li></ul> <p><i>Central Asia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaz_culture" title="Yaz culture">Yaz</a></li></ul> <p><i>India</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Grey_Ware_culture" title="Painted Grey Ware culture">Painted Grey Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Peoples and societies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_peoples" title="Anatolian peoples">Anatolian peoples</a> (<span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittites</a></span>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranians</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></b> <i>Indo-Aryans</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryans</a></li></ul> <p><i>Iranians</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranians</a></li></ul> <p><i>Nuristanis</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li></ul> <p><i>East Asia</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Celts" title="Insular Celts">Insular Celts</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Hellenic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_languages" title="Paleo-Balkan languages">Paleo-Balkan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Age Anatolia">Anatolia</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Paeonians" title="Paeonians">Paeonians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Phrygians" title="Phrygians">Phrygians</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></b><br /> <i>East Asia</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">Medieval Scandinavians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li></ul> <p><i>Indo-Aryan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li></ul> <p><i>Iranian</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Religion and mythology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><i><b>Reconstructed</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Historical Vedic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Ancient Iranian religion</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Historical</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indo-Aryan</a></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></span></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_mythology" title="Kurdish mythology">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" title="Ossetian mythology">Ossetian</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Others</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/European_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="European paganism">European</a></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_paganism" title="Albanian paganism">Albanian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dacian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian religion">Dacian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Practices</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship#Indo-European_religions" title="Fire worship">Fire rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_sacrifice" title="Horse sacrifice">Horse sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">Winter solstice</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_studies" title="Indo-European studies">Indo-European studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><i><b>Scholars</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" title="J. P. Mallory">J. P. Mallory</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Institutes</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Studies_in_Indo-European" title="Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European">Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Publications</b></i> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Indo-European_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Language" title="The Horse, the Wheel, and Language">The Horse, the Wheel, and Language</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Indo-European_Studies" title="Journal of Indo-European Studies">Journal of Indo-European Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indogermanisches_etymologisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" title="Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch">Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_Etymological_Dictionary" title="Indo-European Etymological Dictionary">Indo-European Etymological Dictionary</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indo-European" title="Category:Indo-European">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indo-European_topics" title="Template:Indo-European topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indo-European_topics" title="Template talk:Indo-European topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-European_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-European topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Corded Ware culture</b> comprises a broad <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological horizon">archaeological horizon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 BC</span> – 2350 BC, thus from the late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic_Europe" title="Chalcolithic Europe">Copper Age</a>, and ending in the early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corded Ware culture encompassed a vast area, from the <a href="/wiki/Contact_zone" title="Contact zone">contact zone</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a> and the Corded Ware culture in south Central Europe, to the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> in the east, occupying parts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">Autosomal</a> genetic studies suggest that the Corded Ware culture originated from the westward migration of Yamnaya-related people from the steppe-forest zone into the territory of late Neolithic European cultures,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> evolving in parallel with (although under significant influence from) the Yamnaya; while the idea of direct male-line descent between them has not received significant support yet,<sup id="cite_ref-Kristiansen2023_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kristiansen2023-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Identity_by_descent" title="Identity by descent">IBD</a>-sharing between the populations of these two cultures indicates that, at the very least, they came from a recent common ancestor, with a <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Magazine" title="Harvard Magazine">Harvard Magazine</a></i> article on the find referring to them as "cousins" who were "biologically separated ... by only a few hundred years".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Corded Ware culture is considered to be a likely vector for the spread of many of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> in Europe and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Corded Ware culture</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Schnurkeramik-Kultur</i>) was first introduced by the German archaeologist Friedrich Klopfleisch in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Karel_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karel-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He named it after <i>cord-like</i> impressions or ornamentation characteristic of its <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karel_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karel-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <a href="#Single_Grave_culture">Single Grave culture</a> comes from its burial custom, which consisted of inhumation under <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a> in a crouched position with various artifacts. <a href="/wiki/Battle_Axe_culture" title="Battle Axe culture">Battle Axe culture</a>, or Boat Axe culture, is named from its characteristic male grave offering, a stone boat-shaped <a href="/wiki/Battle_axe" title="Battle axe">battle axe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karel_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karel-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_archaeological_cultures_in_Europe_and_Caucasus_before_and_after_3000_BCE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Distribution_of_archaeological_cultures_in_Europe_and_Caucasus_before_and_after_3000_BCE.png/500px-Distribution_of_archaeological_cultures_in_Europe_and_Caucasus_before_and_after_3000_BCE.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Distribution_of_archaeological_cultures_in_Europe_and_Caucasus_before_and_after_3000_BCE.png/960px-Distribution_of_archaeological_cultures_in_Europe_and_Caucasus_before_and_after_3000_BCE.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>Corded Ware groups (CW, <small><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid black;vertical-align:text-top;" title="#dcdcdc"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:0.6em;height:0.6em;background:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"> </span></span></small>) and distribution of archaeological cultures in Europe and Caucasus before and after 3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Corded Ware encompassed most of continental northern Europe from the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> in the east, including most of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and the European part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, as well as coastal <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and the southern portions of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Late Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age, it encompassed the territory of nearly the entire Balkan Peninsula, where Corded Ware mixed with other steppe elements.<sup id="cite_ref-DiGiacomo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiGiacomo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologists note that Corded Ware was not a "unified culture," as Corded Ware groups inhabiting a vast geographical area from the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> seem to have regionally specific subsistence strategies and economies.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 226">: 226 </span></sup> There are differences in the material culture and in settlements and society.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, they had several shared elements that are characteristic of all Corded Ware groups, such as their burial practices, pottery with "cord" decoration and unique stone-axes.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contemporary <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a> overlapped with the western extremity of this culture, west of the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, and may have contributed to the pan-European spread of that culture. Although a similar social organization and settlement pattern to the Beaker were adopted, the Corded Ware group lacked the new refinements made possible through trade and communication by sea and rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunliffe-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg/250px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg/330px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg/500px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Corded Ware pottery in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_(Berlin)" title="Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Berlin)">Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Berlin)</a>. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The origins and dispersal of Corded Ware culture is one of the pivotal unresolved issues of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_Urheimat_hypotheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses">Indo-European Urheimat problem</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory127_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is also a stark division between archaeologists regarding the origins of Corded Ware. The Corded Ware culture has long been regarded as Indo-European, with archaeologists seeing an influence from nomadic pastoral societies of the steppes. Alternatively, some archaeologists believed it developed independently in central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relation_with_Yamnaya_culture">Relation with Yamnaya culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relation with Yamnaya culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg/250px-From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg/330px-From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg/500px-From_Corded_Ware_to_Sintashta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>According to Allentoft (2015), the Sintashta culture probably derived at least partially from the <a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Corded Ware Culture">Corded Ware Culture</a>. Nordqvist and Heyd (2020) confirm this.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Corded Ware culture was once presumed to be the <a href="/wiki/Urheimat" class="mw-redirect" title="Urheimat">Urheimat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a> based on their possession of the <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheeled</a> vehicles, apparent warlike propensities, wide area of distribution and rapid intrusive expansion at the assumed time of the dispersal of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory127_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today this specific idea has lost currency, as the <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">steppe hypothesis</a> is currently the most widely accepted proposal to explain the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Autosomal genetic studies suggest that the people of the Corded Ware culture share significant levels of ancestry with Yamnaya as a consequence of a "massive migration" from the Pontic-Caspian steppe, and the people of both cultures may be directly descended from a genetically similar pre-Yamnaya population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg/220px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg/330px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg/440px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="1956" /></a><figcaption>Corded Ware stone-axe in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_(Berlin)" title="Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Berlin)">Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Berlin)</a>. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2800-2400 BC</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kristiansen et al. (2017) theorise that the Corded Ware culture originated from male Yamnaya pastoralists who migrated northward and mated with women from farming communities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Cunliffe" title="Barry Cunliffe">Barry Cunliffe</a> has criticized the theory that the Corded Ware populations were descended from a mass migration of Yamnaya males, noting that the available Corded Ware samples do not carry <a href="/wiki/Y-chromosome_haplogroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-chromosome haplogroup">paternal haplogroups</a> observed in Yamnaya male specimens.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is shared by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Klejn" title="Leo Klejn">Leo Klejn</a>, who maintains that "the Yamnaya cannot be the source of the Corded Ware cultures", as the Corded Ware paternal haplogroups are unrelated to those found in Yamnaya specimens.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Guus Kroonen et al. (2022), had argued that the Corded Ware populations may have originated from a Yamnaya-related population, rather than the Yamnaya themself, stating that "this may support a scenario of linguistic continuity of local non-mobile herders in the Lower Dnieper region and their genetic persistence after their integration into the successive and expansive Yamnaya horizon".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Kristiansen et al. argued that the lack of Yamnaya-related <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">haplogroups</a> in Corded Ware populations indicates that they cannot have been direct male-line descendants of the Yamnaya, as the Corded Ware culture samples were primarily from haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kristiansen2023_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kristiansen2023-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These authors proposed that the Corded Ware culture evolved in parallel with (although under significant influence from) the Yamnaya, with direct male-line descent between them. However, Papac et al. (2023) revealed the presence of the most commonly sampled Corded Ware haplogroup in the Yamnaya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lazaridis et al. (2024) showed the presence of the most commonly sampled Yamnaya haplogroup in the Corded Ware.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metal_complex_of_the_Corded_Ware_culture_(including_the_Novoselitsk_group)._V._I._Klochko_(2023).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Metal_complex_of_the_Corded_Ware_culture_%28including_the_Novoselitsk_group%29._V._I._Klochko_%282023%29.png/194px-Metal_complex_of_the_Corded_Ware_culture_%28including_the_Novoselitsk_group%29._V._I._Klochko_%282023%29.png" decoding="async" width="194" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/97/Metal_complex_of_the_Corded_Ware_culture_%28including_the_Novoselitsk_group%29._V._I._Klochko_%282023%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Metal complex of the Corded Ware culture (including the Novoselitsk group)<sup id="cite_ref-Klochko_2023_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klochko_2023-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeologists Furholt and Heyd continue to emphasize the differences both between and within the material cultures of these two groups, as well as emphasizing the problems of oversimplifying these long-term social processes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a> forms a bridge between the Yamnaya culture and the Corded Ware culture. From the Middle Dnieper culture the Corded Ware culture spread both west and east. The eastward migration gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Fatyanova_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatyanova culture">Fatyanova culture</a> which had a formative influence on the <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a>, which in turn contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian">proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its wide area of distribution indicates rapid expansion at the assumed time of the dispersal of the core (excluding Anatolian and Tocharian) <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>. In a number of regions Corded Ware appears to herald a new culture and physical type.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory127_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On most of the immense, continental expanse that it covered, the culture was clearly intrusive, and therefore represents one of the most impressive and revolutionary cultural changes attested by archaeology.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunliffe-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Corded Ware <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> is thought to have developed from the earlier copper metallurgy of the East-Carpathian <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni-Trypillia culture</a> with some additional <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> influences.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klochko_2023_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klochko_2023-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent_development">Independent development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independent development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamnaya_wagon_illustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Yamnaya_wagon_illustration.jpg/181px-Yamnaya_wagon_illustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Yamnaya_wagon_illustration.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a Corded Ware wagon</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg/250px-Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg/330px-Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg/500px-Wild_horses_in_Rostovsky_nature_reserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>The Corded Ware culture had <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">domesticated horses</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In favour of the view that the culture developed independently was the fact that Corded Ware coincides considerably with the earlier north-central European <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a> (TRB). According to Gimbutas, the Corded Ware culture was preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture</a> (3400–2800 BC), which she regarded to be an Indo-European culture. The Globular Amphora culture stretched from central Europe to the Baltic sea, and emerged from the Funnelbeaker culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999250_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999250-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to controversial radiocarbon dates, Corded Ware ceramic forms in single graves develop earlier in the area that is now Poland than in western and southern Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest radiocarbon dates for Corded Ware indeed come from <a href="/wiki/Kujawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kujawy">Kujawy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a> in central and southern Poland and point to the period around 3000 BC. </p><p>However, subsequent review has challenged this perspective, instead pointing out that the wide variation in dating of the Corded Ware, especially the dating of the culture's beginning, is based on individual outlier graves, is not particularly in line with other archaeological data and runs afoul of plateaus in the <a href="/wiki/Calibration_of_radiocarbon_dates" class="mw-redirect" title="Calibration of radiocarbon dates">radiocarbon calibration curve</a>; in the one case where the dating can be clarified with dendrochronology, in Switzerland, Corded Ware is found for only a short period from 2750 BC to 2400 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, because the short period in Switzerland seems to represent examples of artifacts from all the major sub-periods of the Corded Ware culture elsewhere, some researchers conclude that Corded Ware appeared more or less simultaneously throughout North Central Europe approximately in the early 29th century BC (around 2900 BC), in a number of "centers" which subsequently formed their own local networks.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 297">: 297 </span></sup> Carbon-14 dating of the remaining central European regions shows that Corded Ware appeared after 2880 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Janusz_Czebreszuk_2004_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janusz_Czebreszuk_2004-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this theory, it spread to the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_Heath" title="Lüneburg Heath">Lüneburg Heath</a> and then further to the North European Plain, Rhineland, Switzerland, Scandinavia, the Baltic region and Russia to Moscow, where the culture met with the pastoralists considered indigenous to the steppes.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunliffe-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subgroups">Subgroups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subgroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_Dnieper_culture">Middle Dnieper culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Middle Dnieper culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a> is a formative early expression of the Corded Ware culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has very scant remains, but occupies the easiest route into Central and Northern Europe from the steppe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fatyanovo–Balanovo_culture"><span id="Fatyanovo.E2.80.93Balanovo_culture"></span>Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migrations" title="Indo-Aryan migrations">Indo-Aryan migrations</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg/250px-European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg/330px-European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg/500px-European_Russia_2_th_BC_artefacts_GIM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="847" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo</a> artefacts including bronze axes</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a> and the Eastern Baltic Corded Ware culture gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</a> on the upper Volga,<sup id="cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a>, a predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian">proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>. </p><p>The Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture may have been a culture with an Indo-European <a href="/wiki/Superstratum" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstratum">superstratum</a> over a Uralic <a href="/wiki/Substrata_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrata (linguistics)">substratum</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and may account for some of the linguistic borrowings identified in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Uralic_languages" title="Indo-Uralic languages">Indo-Uralic thesis</a>. However, according to Häkkinen, the Uralic–Indo-European contacts only start in the Corded Ware period and the Uralic expansion into the Upper Volga region postdates it. Häkkinen accepts Fatyanovo-Balanovo as an early Indo-European culture, but maintains that their substratum (identified with the Volosovo culture) was neither Uralic nor Indo-European.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schnurkeramikkultur"><i>Schnurkeramikkultur</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Schnurkeramikkultur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prototypal Corded Ware culture, German <i>Schnurkeramikkultur</i>, is found in Central Europe, mainly Germany and Poland, and refers to the characteristic pottery of the era: twisted cord was impressed into the wet clay to create various decorative patterns and motifs. It is known mostly from its burials, and both sexes received the characteristic cord-decorated pottery. Whether made of flax or hemp, they had <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">rope</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Single_Grave_culture">Single Grave culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Single Grave culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Single_Grave_culture" title="Single Grave culture">Single Grave culture</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_a_large_building_at_Zeewijk_in_the_Netherlands,_belonging_to_the_Corded_Ware_culture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Reconstruction_of_a_large_building_at_Zeewijk_in_the_Netherlands%2C_belonging_to_the_Corded_Ware_culture.png/250px-Reconstruction_of_a_large_building_at_Zeewijk_in_the_Netherlands%2C_belonging_to_the_Corded_Ware_culture.png" decoding="async" width="204" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Reconstruction_of_a_large_building_at_Zeewijk_in_the_Netherlands%2C_belonging_to_the_Corded_Ware_culture.png 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of a large building at Zeewijk, Netherlands, Single Grave culture<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Single Grave term refers to a series of late Neolithic communities of the 3rd millennium BC living in southern <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> that share the practice of single burial, the deceased usually being accompanied by a battle-axe, amber beads, and pottery vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>Single Grave culture</i> was first introduced by the Danish archaeologist Andreas Peter Madsen in the late 1800s. He found Single Graves to be quite different from the already known dolmens, long barrows and passage graves.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, archaeologist Sophus Müller was first to present a migration-hypothesis stating that previously known dolmens, long barrows, passage graves and newly discovered single graves may represent two completely different groups of people, stating "Single graves are traces of new, from the south coming tribes".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DO-899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/DO-899.jpg/250px-DO-899.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/DO-899.jpg/330px-DO-899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/DO-899.jpg/500px-DO-899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption>Single Grave artefacts, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Denmark" title="National Museum of Denmark">National Museum of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The cultural emphasis on drinking equipment already characteristic of the early indigenous <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, synthesized with newly arrived Corded Ware traditions. Especially in the west (Scandinavia and northern Germany), the drinking vessels have a protruding foot and define the Protruding-Foot Beaker culture (PFB) as a subset of the Single Grave culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan_Sherratt_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan_Sherratt-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> has been proposed to derive from this specific branch of the Corded Ware culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At Zeewijk in the Netherlands the remains of a large rectangular building measuring 22m by 5.5-7m, have been excavated. The building may have had a ritual or ceremonial function.<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandinavian_Battle_Axe_culture">Scandinavian Battle Axe culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Scandinavian Battle Axe culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_Axe_culture" title="Battle Axe culture">Battle Axe culture</a></div> <p>The Danish-Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe culture, or the <b>Boat Axe culture</b>, appeared <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2800 BC</span> and is known from about 3,000 graves from <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> to <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag">Trøndelag</a>. The "battle-axes" were primarily a status object. There are strong continuities in stone craft traditions, and very little evidence of any type of full-scale migration, least of all a violent one. The old ways were discontinued as the corresponding cultures on the continent changed, and the farmers living in Scandinavia took part in a few of those changes since they belonged to the same network. Settlements on small, separate farmsteads without any defensive protection is also a strong argument against the people living there being aggressors. </p><p>About 3000 battle axes have been found, in sites distributed over all of Scandinavia, but they are sparse in <a href="/wiki/Norrland" title="Norrland">Norrland</a> and northern Norway. Less than 100 settlements are known, and their remains are negligible as they are located on continually used farmland, and have consequently been plowed away. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einar_%C3%98stmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einar Østmo (page does not exist)">Einar Østmo</a> reports sites inside the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lofoten" title="Lofoten">Lofoten</a>, and as far north as the present city of <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amber_necklaces,_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png/201px-Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png" decoding="async" width="201" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png/302px-Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png/402px-Amber_necklaces%2C_Denmark._Neolithic_-_Bronze_Age.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption>Amber necklaces, Denmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe culture was based on the same agricultural practices as the previous Funnelbeaker culture, but the appearance of metal changed the social system. This is marked by the fact that the Funnelbeaker culture had collective <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalithic</a> graves with a great deal of sacrifices to the graves, but the Battle Axe culture has individual graves with individual sacrifices. </p><p>A new aspect was given to the culture in 1993, when a <i>death house</i> in Turinge, in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a>, was excavated. Along the once heavily timbered walls were found the remains of about twenty clay vessels, six work axes and a battle axe, which all came from the last period of the culture. There were also the cremated remains of at least six people. This is the earliest find of <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a> in Scandinavia and it shows close contacts with Central Europe. </p><p>In the context of the entry of Germanic into the region, Einar Østmo emphasizes that the Atlantic and North Sea coastal regions of Scandinavia, and the circum-Baltic areas were united by a vigorous maritime economy, permitting a far wider geographical spread and a closer cultural unity than interior continental cultures could attain. He points to the widely disseminated number of rock carvings assigned to this era, which display "thousands" of ships. To seafaring cultures like this one, the sea is a highway and not a divider.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finnish_Battle_Axe_culture">Finnish Battle Axe culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Finnish Battle Axe culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Finnish Battle Axe culture was a mixed cattle-breeder and <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> culture, and one of the few in this horizon to provide rich finds from settlements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png/203px-Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png/305px-Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png/406px-Reconstruction_of_a_Corded_Ware_house.png 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of a Corded Ware house in <a href="/wiki/Suchacz" title="Suchacz">Suchacz</a>, Poland<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There are very few discovered settlements, which led to the traditional view of this culture as exclusively nomadic pastoralists, similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a>, and the reconstructed culture of the Indo-Europeans as inferred from <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>. </p><p>However, this view was modified, as some evidence of sedentary farming emerged. Traces of <a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">emmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">common wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> were found at a Corded Ware site at <a href="/wiki/Bronocice" title="Bronocice">Bronocice</a> in south-east <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. Wheeled vehicles (presumably drawn by oxen) are in evidence, a continuation from the Funnelbeaker culture era.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory127_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cows' milk was used systematically from 3400 BC onwards in the northern <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> foreland. <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Sheep</a> were kept more frequently in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> due to the stronger Mediterranean influence. Changes in slaughter age and animal size are possibly evidence for sheep being kept for their wool at Corded Ware sites in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graves">Graves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Graves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg/250px-R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg/330px-R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg/500px-R%C3%B6ssener_H%C3%BCgel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabh%C3%BCgel_von_R%C3%B6ssen" class="extiw" title="de:Grabhügel von Rössen">Rössen burial mound</a>, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">Burial</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Flat_grave" title="Flat grave">flat graves</a> or below small <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a> in a flexed position; on the continent males lay on their right side, females on the left, with the faces of both oriented to the south. However, in Sweden and also parts of northern Poland the graves were oriented north-south, men lay on their left side and women on the right side - both facing east. Originally, there was probably a wooden construction, since the graves are often positioned in a line. This is in contrast with practices in Denmark where the dead were buried below small mounds with a vertical stratigraphy: the oldest below the ground, the second above this grave, and occasionally even a third burial above those. Other types of burials are the niche-graves of Poland. <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a> for men typically included a stone <a href="/wiki/Battle_axe" title="Battle axe">battle axe</a>. Pottery in the shape of beakers and other types are the most common burial gifts, generally speaking. These were often decorated with cord, sometimes with incisions and other types of impressions. Other grave goods also included wagons and sacrificed animals. </p><p>The approximately contemporary <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> had similar burial traditions, and together they covered most of Western and Central Europe. The <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> originated around 2800 BC in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and subsequently extended into Central Europe, where it partly coexisted with the Corded Ware region. </p><p>In April 2011, it was reported that an untypical Corded Ware burial had been discovered in a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geller_2019_231–242_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geller_2019_231–242-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains, believed to be male, were orientated in the same way as women's burials and were not accompanied by any gender-specific grave goods. Based on this, and the importance usually attached to funeral rites by people from this period, the archaeologists suggested that this was unlikely to be accidental, and conclude that it was likely that this individual "was a man with a different sexual orientation, homosexual or transsexual",<sup id="cite_ref-Geller_2019_231–242_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geller_2019_231–242-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while media reports heralded the discovery of the world's first "gay caveman".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeologists and biological anthropologists criticised media coverage as sensationalist. "If this burial represents a transgendered  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] individual (as well it could), that doesn't necessarily mean the person had a 'different sexual orientation' and certainly doesn't mean that he would have considered himself (or that his culture would have considered him) 'homosexual,'" anthropologist Kristina Killgrove commented.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappas_2011_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappas_2011-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other items of criticism were that someone buried in the Copper Age was not a "<a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">caveman</a>" and that identifying the sex of skeletal remains is difficult and inexact.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappas_2011_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappas_2011-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turek notes that there are several examples of Corded Ware graves containing older biological males with typically female grave goods and body orientation. He suggests that "aged men may have decided to 'retire' as women for symbolic and practical reasons."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A detailed account of the burial has not yet appeared in scientific literature. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halle_(Saale),_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte,_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery and axes, Germany"><img alt="Pottery and axes, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg/93px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg/139px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg/185px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_Schnurkeramikkultur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="3439" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery and axes, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper axe, Poland"><img alt="Copper axe, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg/110px-Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg/165px-Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg/220px-Muzeum_Narodowe_Ziemi_Przemyskiej_toporek_miedziany_kultura_ceramiki_sznurowej_2016-12-29_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper axe, Poland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necklace,_animal_teeth,_Corded_Ware_culture,_City_of_Prague_Museum,_200338.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Necklace, Czech Republic"><img alt="Necklace, Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Necklace%2C_animal_teeth%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum%2C_200338.jpg/120px-Necklace%2C_animal_teeth%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum%2C_200338.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Necklace%2C_animal_teeth%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum%2C_200338.jpg/250px-Necklace%2C_animal_teeth%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum%2C_200338.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4852" data-file-height="3228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Necklace, Czech Republic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DO-936.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amber disk and beads from Denmark"><img alt="Amber disk and beads from Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DO-936.jpg/75px-DO-936.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DO-936.jpg/112px-DO-936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DO-936.jpg/150px-DO-936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1843" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amber disk and beads from Denmark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery, Germany"><img alt="Pottery, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg/110px-Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg/165px-Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg/220px-Schuchhardt_Schnurkeramik_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_093.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belt plates made from bone"><img alt="Belt plates made from bone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Smac_Neolithikum_093.jpg/120px-Smac_Neolithikum_093.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Smac_Neolithikum_093.jpg/250px-Smac_Neolithikum_093.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Belt plates made from bone</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_maceheads,_Single_Grave_culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone maceheads, Denmark"><img alt="Stone maceheads, Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Stone_maceheads%2C_Single_Grave_culture.jpg/120px-Stone_maceheads%2C_Single_Grave_culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Stone_maceheads%2C_Single_Grave_culture.jpg/250px-Stone_maceheads%2C_Single_Grave_culture.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone <a href="/wiki/Mace_(bludgeon)" title="Mace (bludgeon)">maceheads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Single_Grave_culture" title="Single Grave culture">Denmark</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Corded_Ware_package.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Corded ware package""><img alt="The "Corded ware package"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Corded_Ware_package.png/110px-The_Corded_Ware_package.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Corded_Ware_package.png/165px-The_Corded_Ware_package.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Corded_Ware_package.png/220px-The_Corded_Ware_package.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "Corded ware package"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_spiral_ornament.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold spiral ornament[48]"><img alt="Gold spiral ornament[48]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Gold_spiral_ornament.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold spiral ornament<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_(26_cm_hoch)_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corded Ware amphora, Germany"><img alt="Corded Ware amphora, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg/90px-Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg/135px-Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg/180px-Schnurkeramisches_H%C3%A4ngegef%C3%A4%C3%9F_aus_Magdeburg_%2826_cm_hoch%29_Das_Urst%C3%BCck_befindet_sich_in_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Corded Ware amphora, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corded_Ware_artefacts,_copper_dagger,_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper dagger, awl and bone pin, Germany"><img alt="Copper dagger, awl and bone pin, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png/79px-Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png/118px-Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png/158px-Corded_Ware_artefacts%2C_copper_dagger%2C_awl_and_bone_pin_1.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper dagger, awl and bone pin, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necklaces,_Corded_Ware_culture,_City_of_Prague_Museum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Necklaces made from shell beads, Czech Republic"><img alt="Necklaces made from shell beads, Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Necklaces%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum.png/120px-Necklaces%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Necklaces%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum.png/250px-Necklaces%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_City_of_Prague_Museum.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="4804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Necklaces made from shell beads, Czech Republic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper lunulae from Belarus. Middle Dnieper culture[49]"><img alt="Copper lunulae from Belarus. Middle Dnieper culture[49]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/69px-%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/103px-%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/138px-%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper <a href="/wiki/Gold_lunula" title="Gold lunula">lunulae</a> from Belarus. <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amber_sun_disk2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Amber disc with sun cross symbol (illustration)"><img alt="Amber disc with sun cross symbol (illustration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amber_sun_disk2.png/120px-Amber_sun_disk2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amber_sun_disk2.png/150px-Amber_sun_disk2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Amber_sun_disk2.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="175" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amber disc with <a href="/wiki/Sun_cross" title="Sun cross">sun cross</a> symbol (illustration)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler,_Corded_Ware_culture,_Germany.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rings made from copper and antler, Germany"><img alt="Rings made from copper and antler, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png/110px-Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png/165px-Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png/220px-Rings_made_from_copper_and_antler%2C_Corded_Ware_culture%2C_Germany.png 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rings made from copper and antler, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorated hammer-axe from Lusice, Moravia[50]"><img alt="Decorated hammer-axe from Lusice, Moravia[50]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg/110px-NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg/165px-NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg/220px-NHM_-_Lusice_Prunkbeil_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="1569" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorated hammer-axe from Lusice, Moravia<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DO-13532.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone battle-axes, Single Grave culture"><img alt="Stone battle-axes, Single Grave culture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DO-13532.jpg/120px-DO-13532.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DO-13532.jpg/250px-DO-13532.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="2698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone battle-axes, Single Grave culture</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiral_ornament_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper spiral ornament, Fatyanovo culture"><img alt="Copper spiral ornament, Fatyanovo culture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spiral_ornament_1.png/110px-Spiral_ornament_1.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spiral_ornament_1.png/165px-Spiral_ornament_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spiral_ornament_1.png/220px-Spiral_ornament_1.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper spiral ornament, <a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo culture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'Allunda Moose' ceremonial axe, Sweden, c. 2500 BC[51]"><img alt="'Allunda Moose' ceremonial axe, Sweden, c. 2500 BC[51]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg/75px-Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg/112px-Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg/150px-Alunda%C3%A4lgen_123172_HST.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'<a href="/wiki/Alunda_moose" title="Alunda moose">Allunda Moose</a>' ceremonial axe, Sweden, c. 2500 BC<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png" class="mw-file-description" title="stone cist graves in Germany"><img alt="stone cist graves in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png/105px-Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png/158px-Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png/211px-Tumuli_in_Germany_during_the_Corded_Ware_period.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">stone cist</a> graves in Germany</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories_regarding_linguistic_identity">Theories regarding linguistic identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Theories regarding linguistic identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread_of_Indo-European_languages">Spread of Indo-European languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Spread of Indo-European languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indo-European_migrations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/330px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/500px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/960px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Early <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Corded Ware culture may have played a central role in the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> in Europe during the Copper and Bronze Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108;_244-250_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108;_244-250-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had often been suggested that the CWC represented the <a href="/wiki/Geolinguistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Geolinguistic">geolinguistic</a> core of the Indo-European languages subsequent to the divergence of first the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_languages" title="Anatolian languages">Anatolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a> languages and later a group ancestral to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_language" title="Illyrian language">Illyrian</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a> languages; such models implied the CWC spoke a language ancestral to the Italo-Celtic, Germanic, and Balto-Slavic languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mallory (1999), the Corded Ware culture may have been "the common prehistoric ancestor of the later Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, and possibly some of the Indo-European languages of Italy."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mallory (1999) also suggests that Corded Ware could not have been the sole source for Greek, Illyrian, Thracian and East Italic, which may be derived from Southeast Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mallory (2013) proposes that the Beaker culture was associated with a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-West Indo-European", spreading northwards from the Alpine regions and ancestral to not only Celtic but equally Italic, Germanic and Balto-Slavic.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory_(2013)_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory_(2013)-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Anthony (2007), the Corded Ware horizon may have introduced Germanic, Baltic and Slavic into northern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Anthony, the Pre-Germanic dialects may have developed in the <a href="/wiki/Usatovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Usatovo culture">Usatovo culture</a> in south-eastern Central Europe between the <a href="/wiki/Dniestr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dniestr">Dniestr</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> between c. 3100 and 2800 BC, and spread with the Corded Ware culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360,_368_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360,_368-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 3100 and 2800/2600 BC, a real folk migration of Proto-Indo-European speakers from the Yamnaya culture took place into the Danube Valley,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007345,_361-367_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007345,_361-367-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which eventually reached as far as Hungary,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007362,_367_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007362,_367-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where pre-Celtic and pre-Italic may have developed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavic and Baltic developed at the middle <a href="/wiki/Dniepr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dniepr">Dniepr</a> (present-day Ukraine).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007368,_380_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007368,_380-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haak et al. (2015) envision a migration from the Yamnaya culture into Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015p._11,_figure_4c_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015p._11,_figure_4c-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allentoft et al. (2015) envision a migration from the Yamnaya culture towards north-western Europe via Central Europe, and towards the Baltic area and the eastern periphery of the Corded Ware culture via the territory of present-day Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theoretical_explanation:_language_shift">Theoretical explanation: language shift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Theoretical explanation: language shift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afanasievo_-_Yamnaya_culture_illustration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Afanasievo_-_Yamnaya_culture_illustration.png/250px-Afanasievo_-_Yamnaya_culture_illustration.png" decoding="async" width="237" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Afanasievo_-_Yamnaya_culture_illustration.png/500px-Afanasievo_-_Yamnaya_culture_illustration.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the related <a href="/wiki/Afanasievo_culture" title="Afanasievo culture">Afanasievo culture</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Gimbutas</a>' original theory, the process of "Indo-Europeanization" of Corded Ware (and, later, the rest of Europe) was essentially a cultural transformation, not a genetic one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yamnaya migration from Eastern to Central and Western Europe is understood by Gimbutas as a military victory, resulting in the Yamnaya imposing a new administrative system, language and religion upon the indigenous groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997240_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997240-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png/250px-Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png/330px-Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png/500px-Reconstructions_of_a_Corded_Ware_man_from_the_Netherlands_and_a_Corded_Ware_woman_from_Poland.png 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="3565" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructions of a Corded Ware man from the Netherlands and woman from Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>David Anthony (2007), in his "revised Steppe hypothesis",<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposes that the spread of the Indo-European languages probably did not happen through "chain-type folk migrations," but by the introduction of these languages by ritual and political elites, which were emulated by large groups of people,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a process which he calls "elite recruitment".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-8_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-8-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, in supplementary information to Haak et al. (2015), Anthony, together with Lazaridis, Haak, Patterson, and Reich, note that the mass migration of Yamnaya people to northern Europe shows that "the Steppe hypothesis does not require elite dominance to have transmitted Indo-European languages into Europe. Instead, our results show that the languages could have been introduced simply by strength of numbers: via major migration in which both sexes participated."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linguist Guus Kroonen points out that speakers of Indo-European languages encountered existing populations in Europe that spoke unrelated, non-Indo-European languages when they migrated further into <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> from the Yamnaya culture's steppe zone at the margin of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIversenKroonen2017_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIversenKroonen2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He focuses on both the effects on Indo-European languages that resulted from this contact and investigation of the pre-existing languages. Relatively little is known about the Pre-Indo-European linguistic landscape of Europe, except for <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, as the "Indo-Europeanization" of Europe caused a massive and largely unrecorded linguistic extinction event, most likely through <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kroonen_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kroonen-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kroonen's 2015<sup id="cite_ref-Kroonen_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kroonen-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> study claims to show that Pre-Indo-European speech contains a clear Neolithic signature emanating from the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean languages">Aegean language family</a> and thus patterns with the prehistoric migration of Europe’s first farming populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Kroonen_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kroonen-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a>, as part of her theory, had already inferred that the Corded Ware culture's intrusion into Scandinavia formed a synthesis with the indigenous people of the Funnelbeaker culture, giving birth to the Proto-Germanic language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Charles_Polom%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Charles Polomé">Edgar Polomé</a>, 30% of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_substrate_hypothesis" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis">non-Indo-European substratum</a> found in the modern German language derives from non-Indo-European-speakers of <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, indigenous to southern Scandinavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones-Bley1996_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones-Bley1996-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She claimed that when Yamnaya Indo-European speakers came into contact with the indigenous peoples during the 3rd millennium BC, they came to dominate the local populations yet parts of the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> persisted in the formation of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a>, thus giving Proto-Germanic the status of being an "Indo-Europeanized" language.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, more recent linguists<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> have substantially reduced the number of roots claimed to be uniquely Germanic, and more recent treatments of Proto-Germanic tend to reject or simply omit discussion of the Germanic substrate hypothesis, giving little reason to consider Germanic anything but a typical Indo-European dialect with at most minor substrate influence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetic_studies">Genetic studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Genetic studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DETAIL">detail</a> that may interest only a particular audience</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_with_Yamnaya-culture">Relation with Yamnaya-culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Relation with Yamnaya-culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg/440px-Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg/660px-Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg/880px-Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Age spread of <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">steppe pastoralist</a> ancestry</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="#CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015">Haak et al. (2015)</a> found that a large proportion of the ancestry of the Corded Ware culture's population is similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a>, tracing the Corded Ware culture's origins to a "massive migration" of the Yamnaya or an earlier (pre-Yamnaya) population from the steppes 4,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DNA of late Neolithic Corded Ware skeletons found in Germany was found to be around 75% similar to DNA from individuals of the Yamnaya culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, Haak et al. (2015) warned:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We caution that the sampled Yamnaya individuals from Samara might not be directly ancestral to Corded Ware individuals from Germany. It is possible that a more western Yamnaya population, or an earlier (pre-Yamnaya) steppe population may have migrated into central Europe, and future work may uncover more missing links in the chain of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Steppe_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppe ancestry">steppe ancestry</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>The same study estimated a 40–54% ancestral contribution of so-called "steppe ancestry" in the DNA of modern Central & Northern Europeans, and a 20–32% contribution in modern Southern Europeans, excluding <a href="/wiki/Sardinians" title="Sardinians">Sardinians</a> (7.1% or less), and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a> (11.6% or less).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zimmer_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmer-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nomads_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomads-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haak et al. (2015) further found that <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">autosomal</a> DNA tests indicate that westward migration from the steppes was responsible for the introduction of a component of ancestry referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasian" title="Ancient North Eurasian">Ancient North Eurasian</a>" admixture into western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Ancient North Eurasian" is the name given in genetic literature to a component that represents descent from the people of the <a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta-Buret%27_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal'ta-Buret' culture">Mal'ta-Buret' culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a population <a href="/wiki/Afontova_Gora" title="Afontova Gora">closely related</a> to them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Ancient North Eurasian" genetic component is visible in tests of the Yamnaya people<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as modern-day Europeans, but not of Western or Central Europeans predating the Corded Ware culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridis2014_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridis2014-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png/220px-Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png/330px-Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png/440px-Corded_Ware_admixture_analysis.png 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>Corded Ware admixture analysis: a combination of <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Neolithic">Anatolian Neolithic</a> (AN), <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter-Gatherer">Western Hunter-Gatherer</a> (WHG) and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Hunter-Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer">Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer</a> (CHG), .<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="#CITEREFHeyd2017">Heyd (2017)</a> has cautioned to be careful with drawing too strong conclusions from those genetic similarities between Corded Ware and Yamnaya, noting the small number of samples; the late dates of the Esperstadt graves, which could also have undergone Bell Beaker admixture; the presence of Yamnaya ancestry in western Europe before the Danube expansion; and the risks of extrapolating "the results from a handful of individual burials to whole ethnically interpreted populations."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heyd confirms the close connection between Corded Ware and Yamnaya, but also states that "neither a one-to-one translation from Yamnaya to CWC, nor even the 75:25 ratio as claimed (Haak <i>et al.</i> 2015:211) fits the archaeological record."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 3rd millennium BC, the Corded Ware culture appeared in Northern Europe. Genetic studies suggest that <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a> women of <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">European Neolithic farmer</a> ancestry were incorporated into the Corded Ware culture through intermixing with incoming Corded Ware males of Yamnaya ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saag et al. (2017) found that the people of the Corded Ware culture in the eastern Baltic carried "Steppe ancestry on the male side" and "some European early farmer genetic ancestry on the female side".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaag2017_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaag2017-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An archaeogenetic study focusing on late Neolithic and Bronze Age individuals from <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="#CITEREFPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021">Papac et al. (2021)</a>, which includes Haak and Heyd as co-authors, suggests that the early Corded Ware culture was a "polyethnic" society characterized by genetic, cultural, and linguistic diversity, resulting from the agglomeration of people of the <a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Yamnaya-related migrants</a>, who had highly differentiated genetic profiles, a different material culture, and probably spoke different languages. 100% of the Bohemian Corded Ware samples found without steppe-derived ancestry were female, indicating that this genetic diversity was a result of Corded Ware males marrying and assimilating local Globular Amphora females. Later Corded Ware individuals of Central Europe were less differentiated genetically. This study also detected ancestry similar to Latvia Middle Neolithic ("Latvia_MN-like"), or Ukraine Neolithic in early Corded Ware individuals, suggesting either a northeast European Eneolithic forest steppe contribution to early CW, partially supported by archaeology, or alternatively a contribution from a hypothetical steppe population carrying this ancestry, which the authors consider less likely. This ancestry made up 5-15% of the early Corded Ware ancestry, depending on the model used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Y-DNA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="R1a_and_R1b">R1a and R1b</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: R1a and R1b"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Malmström et al. (2019), neither R1a nor R1b-M269 have been reported among <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> populations of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western</a> Europe, although they were common among earlier hunter gatherers of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haak et al. note that their results suggest that these haplogroups "spread into Europe from the East after 3,000 BC."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of CWC-men carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">haplogroup R1a</a>-M417, the remaining ones <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">R1b</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M438" title="Haplogroup I-M438">I2a</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that, although related to the Corded Ware population, Yamnaya males mainly carried R1b-Z2103, while R1b-bearing Corded Ware males had R1b-L51, suggesting that Corded Ware culture males cannot be directly patrilineally descended from Yamnaya individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, Linderholm et al. (2020) found seven CW males which were narrowed down to either R1b-M269 or R-L11,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Allentoft et al. (2015) report two CW males with R1b,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Furtwängler et al. (2020) report three CW males with R1b.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFurtwängler2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFurtwängler2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sjögren et al. (2020), R1b-M269 "is the major lineage associated with the arrival of Steppe ancestry in western Europe after 2500 BC[E]."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjögren2020_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjögren2020-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg/250px-M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg/330px-M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/M%C3%B6ller_Derfflinger_H%C3%BCgel_Steinkiste_Foto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Stone cist grave, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Papac et al. (2021) argue that the differences in Y-DNA between early CW and Yamnaya males suggest that the Yamnaya culture did not have a direct role in the origins and expansion of the Corded Ware culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found that a majority of early Corded Ware males in Bohemia belonged to R1b-L151, while R1a lineages became predominant over time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study detected a reduction in male haplogroup diversity over time, reducing from five different lineages in early CW to a single dominant lineage, R1a-M417(xZ645), in late CW. The authors suggest that males of this haplogroup had around 15% more surviving offspring per generation compared to other males, which may have been caused by "selection, social structure, or influx of nonlocal R1a-M417(xZ645) lineages."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sample included one individual ancestral to haplogroup R1b-P312, which is the most common male lineage found in individuals of the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overview_of_reported_CW_Y-DNA_haplogroups">Overview of reported CW Y-DNA haplogroups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Overview of reported CW Y-DNA haplogroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An overview of reported CW Y-DNA haplogroups: </p> <ul><li>Haak et al. (2008): three males (probably a father and his two children) from a single Corded Ware burial in <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulau_(Naumburg)" class="extiw" title="de:Eulau (Naumburg)">Eulau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> carrying R1a.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaak2008_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaak2008-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Haak et al. (2015): a Corded Ware male from <a href="/wiki/Esperstedt" title="Esperstedt">Esperstedt</a> carrying R1a1a1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allentoft et al. (2015): several males from the Corded Ware culture. A male from the Battle-Axe culture in <a href="/wiki/Viby,_Kristianstad" title="Viby, Kristianstad">Viby, Kristianstad</a> was found to be carrying <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a1a1</a>. A Corded Ware male of <a href="/wiki/Bergrheinfeld" title="Bergrheinfeld">Bergrheinfeld</a>, Germany was also found to have carried R1a1a1. A Corded Ware male of Leki Male was found to have carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">R1b1a</a>. Two Corded Ware males from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefbrunn" class="extiw" title="de:Tiefbrunn">Tiefbrunn</a>, Germany were found to have carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1" title="Haplogroup R1">R1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">R1b1</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mathieson et al. (2015): eight Corded Ware males buried in Esperstedt. Six carried R1a or various subclades of it, while two carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)">R</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Saag et al. (2017): five males from the Corded Ware culture in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. Four of them carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a-Z645</a>, while the other carried <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a1-Z283</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaag2017_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaag2017-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mathieson et al. (2018): three Corded Ware males from the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. The three were found to be carrying the paternal haplogroups <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a1a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M438" title="Haplogroup I-M438">I2a2a2</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Malmström et al. (2019): two Corded Ware males; both were found to be carriers of R1a.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Linderholm et al. (2020) report seven Polish CW males with R1b.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_later_cultures">Relations with later cultures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Relations with later cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg/178px-ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg/267px-ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg/356px-ALB_-_Neolithikum_Bootsaxt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Boat-shaped battle axe, characteristic of Scandinavian and coastal-German Corded Ware</figcaption></figure> <p>A 2015 study by Allentoft et al. in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> found the people of the Corded Ware culture to be genetically similar to the <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/%C3%9An%C4%9Btice_culture" title="Únětice culture">Únětice culture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People of the Nordic Bronze Age and Corded Ware show the highest <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose tolerance</a> among Bronze Age Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study also found a close genetic relationship between the Corded Ware culture and the <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>, suggesting that the Sintashta culture emerged as a result of an eastward expansion of Corded Ware peoples. The Sintashta culture is in turn closely genetically related to the <a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a>, by which it was succeeded.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many cultural similarities between the Sintashta/Andronovo culture, the Nordic Bronze Age and the people of the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> have been detected.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narasimhan et al. (2019) found the <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Potapovka_culture" title="Potapovka culture">Potapovka culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Srubnaya_culture" title="Srubnaya culture">Srubnaya culture</a> to be closely related to the Corded Ware culture.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cultures were found to harbor mixed ancestry from the <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a> and peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Neolithic">Middle Neolithic</a> of Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genetic data suggested that these cultures were ultimately derived of a remigration of Central European peoples with <a href="/wiki/Steppe_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppe ancestry">steppe ancestry</a> back into the steppe.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="width: 18em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#FFDAB9;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a><br />Eneolithic, Aeneolithic,<br />or Copper Age</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#efefef;"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a><br /> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Copper_metallurgy_in_Africa" title="Copper metallurgy in Africa">Africa</a> (2600 BC–1600 AD)</b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Naqada_culture" title="Naqada culture">Naqada culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerzeh_culture" title="Gerzeh culture">Gerzeh culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture" title="A-Group culture">A-Group culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-Group_culture" title="C-Group culture">C-Group culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerma_culture" title="Kerma culture">Kerma culture</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> (6000–3500 BC)</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ghassulian" title="Ghassulian">Ghassulian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic_Europe" title="Chalcolithic Europe">Europe</a> (5500–2200 BC)</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_during_the_Copper_Age_in_Europe" title="Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe">Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yamna_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamna culture">Yamna culture</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corded Ware</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decea_Mure%C5%9Fului_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Decea Mureşului culture">Decea Mureşului culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorne%C5%9Fti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorneşti culture">Gorneşti culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C5%A3a%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelniţa–Karanovo culture">Gumelniţa–Karanovo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petre%C5%9Fti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petreşti culture">Petreşti culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Remedello_culture" title="Remedello culture">Remedello culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Claro_culture" title="Monte Claro culture">Monte Claro culture</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> (3700–1700 BC)</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Botai_culture" title="Botai culture">Botai culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">BMAC culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afanasevo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Afanasevo culture">Afanasevo culture</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Periodisation_of_the_Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation">South Asia</a> (4300–1800 BC)</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Periodisation_of_the_Indus_Valley_civilisation#Datings_and_alternative_proposals" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation">Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhirrana" title="Bhirrana">Bhirrana culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakra_Ware_culture" title="Hakra Ware culture">Hakra Ware culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ahar%E2%80%93Banas_culture" title="Ahar–Banas culture">Ahar–Banas culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaytha" title="Kaytha">Kaytha culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malwa_culture" title="Malwa culture">Malwa culture</a>,</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daimabad#Phase_I:_Savalda_culture" title="Daimabad">Savalda Culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorwe_culture" title="Jorwe culture">Jorwe culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarta_tradition" title="Anarta tradition">Anarta tradition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pandu_culture" title="Pandu culture">Ajay culture</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">China</a> (5000–2900 BC)</b> </p> <b><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_Mesoamerica" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> (6500–1000 BC)</b></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a><br /> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chalcolithic" title="Template:Chalcolithic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chalcolithic" title="Template talk:Chalcolithic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chalcolithic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chalcolithic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Axe_culture" title="Battle Axe culture">Battle Axe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatyanovo%E2%80%93Balanovo_culture" title="Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture">Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Dnieper_culture" title="Middle Dnieper culture">Middle Dnieper culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erteb%C3%B8lle_culture" title="Ertebølle culture">Ertebølle culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017">Kristiansen et al. (2017)</a>: "We have been able to reconstruct the social processes of cultural integration and hybridisation that followed from (probable) Neolithic women marrying into Yamnaya settlements dominated by males of first-generation migrants."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlejn2017">Klejn (2017)</a>: "Even more remarkable is the variation in the distribution of types of Y chromosome. In the Yamnaya population, R1b is not just a single occurrence (there are about seven known occurrences) while in the Corded Ware population a different clade of R1b is found and R1a is predominant (several instances). Thus the postulate of unbroken succession finds no support!"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gimbutas uses the term <i>Old Europe</i> to refer to indigenous, pre-Indo-European peoples in Europe during the Neolithic – including the Chalcolithic – representing a clearly unbroken cultural tradition of nearly 3 millennia (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 6500–3500 B.C.). Notably, the <a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a> culture, the <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča culture</a>, the early <a href="/wiki/Helladic_period#Early_Helladic_(EH)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic period">Helladic</a> culture, and the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoans</a>, among others, are all part of her "Old Europe".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marija Gimbutas: "Three millennium long traditions were truncated by two waves of semi-nomadic horse riding people from the east: the towns and villages disintegrated, the magnificent painted pottery vanished; so did the shrines, frescoes, sculptures, symbols and script. ... [This is evident in] the archaeological record not only by the abrupt absences of the magnificent painted pottery and figurines and the termination of sign use, but by the equally abrupt appearance of thrusting weapons and horses infiltrating the Danubian Valley and other major grasslands of the Balkans and Central Europe. Their arrival initiated a dramatic shift in the prehistory of Europe, a change in social structure and in residence patterns, in art and in religion and it was a decisive factor in the formation of Europe’s last 5,000 years." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="Multiple works by Gimbutas are cited in this article, and the reader has no idea which is being quoted. (October 2024)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Anthony (1995): "Language shift can be understood best as a social strategy through which individuals and groups compete for positions of prestige, power, and domestic security […] What is important, then, is not just dominance, but vertical social mobility and a linkage between language and access to positions of prestige and power […] A relatively small immigrant elite population can encourage widespread language shift among numerically dominant indigenes in a non-state or pre-state context if the elite employs a specific combination of encouragements and punishments. Ethnohistorical cases […] demonstrate that small elite groups have successfully imposed their languages in non-state situations." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="No 1995 source by any Anthony is provided anywhere in this article. (October 2024)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony, Lazaridis, Haak, Patterson & Reich further note:<br />"the main argument in favor of the Anatolian hypothesis (that major language change requires major migration) can now also be applied to the Steppe hypothesis."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"our results level the playing field between the two leading hypotheses [the Steppe hypothesis and the Anatolian hypothesis] of Indo-European origins, as we now know that both the Early Neolithic and the Late Neolithic were associated with major migrations."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R1b:<br /><a href="#CITEREFMalmström2019">Malmström 2019</a>: "Individuals from the Pontic–Caspian steppe, associated with the Yamnaya Culture, carry mostly R1b and not R1a haplotypes."<br /><a href="#CITEREFLinderholm2020">Linderholm 2020</a>: "The Y chromosome haplogroup lineage R1b-M269 or R-L11 are characteristic of Yamnaya and Bell Beaker individuals and they were particularly widespread throughout Eurasia in the Bronze Age and thereafter. Curiously, the haplogroup is uncommon among other published Corded Ware Complex individuals from Europe (Germany, Poland, Bohemia, Estonia, Lithuania) and is associated with the later Bell Beaker communities."<br /><a href="#CITEREFSjögren2020">Sjögren (2020)</a>: "All the Bell Beaker male burials with sufficient data in our two cemeteries belong to a single Y-chromosome lineage, R1b-M269, which is the major lineage associated with the arrival of Steppe ancestry in western Europe after 2500 BC. In the preceding and partly contemporary Corded Ware populations of central Europe, another Y-haplogroup dominated, R1a, although R1b also occurs albeit in small numbers."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"European Late Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures such as Corded Ware, Bell Beakers, Únětice, and the Scandinavian cultures are genetically very similar to each other ...."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Among Bronze Age Europeans, the highest tolerance frequency was found in Corded Ware and the closely-related Scandinavian Bronze Age cultures."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The close affinity we observe between peoples of Corded Ware and Sintashta cultures suggests similar genetic sources of the two .... Although we cannot formally test whether the Sintashta derives directly from an eastward migration of Corded Ware peoples or if they share common ancestry with an earlier steppe population, the presence of European Neolithic farmer ancestry in both the Corded Ware and the Sintashta, combined with the absence of Neolithic farmer ancestry in the earlier Yamnaya, would suggest the former being more probable .... The Andronovo culture, which arose in Central Asia during the later Bronze Age, is genetically closely related to the Sintashta peoples, and clearly distinct from both Yamnaya and Afanasievo. Therefore, Andronovo represents a temporal and geographical extension of the Sintashta gene pool .... The enigmatic Sintashta culture near the Urals bears genetic resemblance to Corded Ware and was therefore likely to be an eastward migration into Asia. As this culture spread towards Altai it evolved into the Andronovo culture ...."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"There are many similarities between Sintasthta/Androvono rituals and those described in the Rig Veda and such similarities even extend as far as to the Nordic Bronze Age."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We observed a main cluster of Sintashta individuals that was similar to Srubnaya, Potapovka, and Andronovo in being well modeled as a mixture of Yamnaya-related and Anatolian Neolithic (European agriculturalist-related) ancestry."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Genetic analysis indicates that the individuals in our study classified as falling within the Andronovo complex are genetically similar to the main clusters of Potapovka, Sintashta, and Srubnaya in being well modeled as a mixture of Yamnaya-related and early European agriculturalist-related or Anatolian agriculturalist-related ancestry."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Corded Ware, Srubnaya, Petrovka, Sintashta and Andronovo complexes, all of which harbored a mixture of Steppe_EMBA ancestry and ancestry from European Middle Neolithic agriculturalists (Europe_MN). This is consistent with previous findings showing that following westward movement of eastern European populations and mixture with local European agriculturalists, there was an eastward reflux back beyond the Urals."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllentoft2015">Allentoft 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckerman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeckerman2015" class="citation book cs1">Beckerman, Sandra Mariët (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12858044"><i>Corded Ware Coastal Communities: Using ceramic analysis to reconstruct third millennium BC societies in the Netherlands</i></a>. Leiden: Sidestone Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corded+Ware+Coastal+Communities%3A+Using+ceramic+analysis+to+reconstruct+third+millennium+BC+societies+in+the+Netherlands&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Sidestone+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Beckerman&rft.aufirst=Sandra+Mari%C3%ABt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12858044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nordqvist_Heyd_2020_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordqvist & Heyd, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/forgotten-child-of-the-wider-corded-ware-family-russian-fatyanovo-culture-in-context/6309A60F638130BF6F7FD96135AA1B37">"The Forgotten Child of the Wider Corded Ware Family: Russian Fatyanovo Culture in Context"</a>, <i>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</i>, 12 November 2020, DOI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.9">https://doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kristiansen, Kristian; Allentoft, Morten E.; Frei, Karin M.; Iversen, Rune; Johannsen, Niels N.; Kroonen, Guus; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Price, T. Douglas; Rasmussen, Simon; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Sikora, Martin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17">"Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>91</b> (356): <span class="nowrap">334–</span>347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17">10.15184/aqy.2017.17</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F70150">1887/70150</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-598X">0003-598X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15536709">15536709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Re-theorising+mobility+and+the+formation+of+culture+and+language+among+the+Corded+Ware+Culture+in+Europe&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=356&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E334-%3C%2Fspan%3E347&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F70150&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15536709%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-598X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft.au=Allentoft%2C+Morten+E.&rft.au=Frei%2C+Karin+M.&rft.au=Iversen%2C+Rune&rft.au=Johannsen%2C+Niels+N.&rft.au=Kroonen%2C+Guus&rft.au=Pospieszny%2C+%C5%81ukasz&rft.au=Price%2C+T.+Douglas&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Simon&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6gren%2C+Karl-G%C3%B6ran&rft.au=Sikora%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15184%252Faqy.2017.17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalmströmGüntherSvenssonJuras2019" class="citation journal cs1">Malmström, Helena; Günther, Torsten; Svensson, Emma M.; Juras, Anna; Fraser, Magdalena; Munters, Arielle R.; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Tõrv, Mari; Lindström, Jonathan; Götherström, Anders; Storå, Jan (9 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790770">"The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>286</b> (1912): 20191528. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.1528">10.1098/rspb.2019.1528</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790770">6790770</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31594508">31594508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+genomic+ancestry+of+the+Scandinavian+Battle+Axe+Culture+people+and+their+relation+to+the+broader+Corded+Ware+horizon&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=1912&rft.pages=20191528&rft.date=2019-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6790770%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31594508&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2019.1528&rft.aulast=Malmstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.au=G%C3%BCnther%2C+Torsten&rft.au=Svensson%2C+Emma+M.&rft.au=Juras%2C+Anna&rft.au=Fraser%2C+Magdalena&rft.au=Munters%2C+Arielle+R.&rft.au=Pospieszny%2C+%C5%81ukasz&rft.au=T%C3%B5rv%2C+Mari&rft.au=Lindstr%C3%B6m%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=G%C3%B6therstr%C3%B6m%2C+Anders&rft.au=Stor%C3%A5%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6790770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021">Papac et al. 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kristiansen2023-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kristiansen2023_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kristiansen2023_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristiansenKroonenWillerslev2023" class="citation book cs1">Kristiansen, Kristian; Kroonen, Guus; Willerslev, Eske (11 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VSysEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70"><i>The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">70–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-26174-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-26174-6"><bdi>978-1-009-26174-6</bdi></a>. <q>How exactly the emergence and expansion of the Corded Ware are linked to the emergence and expansion of the Yamnaya horizon remains unclear. However, the Y chromosome record of both groups indicates that Corded Ware cannot be derived directly from the Yamnaya or late eastern farming groups sampled thus far, and is therefore likely to constitute a parallel development in the forest steppe and temperate forest zones of Eastern Europe. Even in Central Europe, the formation of the earliest regional Corded Ware identities was the result of local and regional social practices that resulted in the typical Corded Ware rite of passage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Puzzle+Revisited%3A+Integrating+Archaeology%2C+Genetics%2C+and+Linguistics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.isbn=978-1-009-26174-6&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft.au=Kroonen%2C+Guus&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+Eske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVSysEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRingbauerHuangAkbariMallick2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Ringbauer, Harald; Huang, Yilei; Akbari, Ali; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David; Price (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10786714">"Accurate detection of identity-by-descent segments in human ancient DNA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Genetics" title="Nature Genetics">Nature Genetics</a></i>. January 56 (1): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41588-023-01582-w">10.1038/s41588-023-01582-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10786714">10786714</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Accurate+detection+of+identity-by-descent+segments+in+human+ancient+DNA&rft.volume=January+56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10786714%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41588-023-01582-w&rft.aulast=Ringbauer&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.au=Huang%2C+Yilei&rft.au=Akbari%2C+Ali&rft.au=Mallick%2C+Swapan&rft.au=Olalde%2C+I%C3%B1igo&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Reich%2C+David&rft.au=Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10786714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaw2023" class="citation news cs1">Shaw, Jonathan (20 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2023/12/finding-cousins-in-ancient-dna">"Cousins in the Ancient World"</a>. <i>Harvard Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cousins+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harvardmagazine.com%2F2023%2F12%2Ffinding-cousins-in-ancient-dna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015">Haak et al. 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristiansen2011" class="citation cs2">Kristiansen, Kristian (30 November 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dq3m.18">"The Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages"</a>, <i>Becoming European</i>, Oxbow Books, pp. <span class="nowrap">165–</span>182, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dq3m.18">10.2307/j.ctvh1dq3m.18</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Becoming+European&rft.atitle=The+Bronze+Age+expansion+of+Indo-European+languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dq3m.18&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dq3m.18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNarasimhan2019">Narasimhan 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karel-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karel_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karel_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karel_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSklenář1983" class="citation book cs1">Sklenář, Karel (1983). <i>Archaeology in Central Europe: The First 500 Years</i>. Leicester: Leicester University Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7185-1204-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7185-1204-9"><bdi>0-7185-1204-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+in+Central+Europe%3A+The+First+500+Years&rft.place=Leicester&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7185-1204-9&rft.aulast=Sklen%C3%A1%C5%99&rft.aufirst=Karel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Chuan-Chao (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330855366">"Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Ancient+human+genome-wide+data+from+a+3000-year+interval+in+the+Caucasus+corresponds+with+eco-geographic+regions&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chuan-Chao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F330855366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiGiacomo-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DiGiacomo_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBulatović2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bulatović, Aleksandar; et al. (Spring–Summer 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6851833">"Corded Ware in the Central and Southern Balkans: A Consequence of Cultural Interaction or an Indication of Ethnic Change?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Indo-European_Studies" title="Journal of Indo-European Studies">Journal of Indo-European Studies</a></i>. <b>42</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indo-European+Studies&rft.atitle=Corded+Ware+in+the+Central+and+Southern+Balkans%3A+A+Consequence+of+Cultural+Interaction+or+an+Indication+of+Ethnic+Change%3F&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Bulatovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F6851833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cunliffe-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cunliffe_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCunliffe1994" class="citation book cs1">Cunliffe, Barry (1994). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00cunl"><i>The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00cunl/page/n272">250</a>–254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814385-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814385-7"><bdi>978-0-19-814385-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+Prehistory+of+Europe&rft.pages=250-254&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-19-814385-7&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordillustrate00cunl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallory127-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mallory127_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallory127_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallory127_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallory127_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1997">Mallory 1997</a>, pp. 127–128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Asya_Pereltsvaig" title="Asya Pereltsvaig">Asya Pereltsvaig</a> and Martin Lewis 2015. <i>The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017">Kristiansen et al. 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKochCunliffe2016" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T.; Cunliffe, Barry (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv4sDwAAQBAJ"><i>Celtic from the West 3: Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages</i></a>. Oxbow Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">635–</span>636. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78570-228-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78570-228-0"><bdi>978-1-78570-228-0</bdi></a>. <q>As mentioned, the presence of R1b1 in Bell Beaker burials is, however, attributed by Haak et al. (2015) to Yamnaya influence – disconcertingly for the model as a whole, all of the Yamnaya sampled to date have MSY R1b1a lineages rather than the R1a that might have been predicted. However we note that this is a deep branching R1b lineage very different from he majority of those seen in Western Europe today, and more commonly seen in Eastern Europe .... Despite the spectacular volume of new genome-wide data brought into play recently, especially by Haak and colleagues, there has inevitably been some targeting of the evidence on the basis of particular hypotheses and any conclusions should be held as provisional for the present. We should be wary of inferring a 'mass migration' on the basis of the evidence so far.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+from+the+West+3%3A+Atlantic+Europe+in+the+Metal+Ages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E635-%3C%2Fspan%3E636&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-78570-228-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft.au=Cunliffe%2C+Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGv4sDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlejn2017" class="citation journal cs1">Klejn, Leo S. (22 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/acar/88/1/article-p193_13.xml">"The Steppe Hypothesis of Indo-European Origins Remains to be Proven"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Archaeologica" title="Acta Archaeologica">Acta Archaeologica</a></i>. <b>88</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">193–</span>204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0390.2017.12184.x">10.1111/j.1600-0390.2017.12184.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-101X">0065-101X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Archaeologica&rft.atitle=The+Steppe+Hypothesis+of+Indo-European+Origins+Remains+to+be+Proven&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1600-0390.2017.12184.x&rft.issn=0065-101X&rft.aulast=Klejn&rft.aufirst=Leo+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Facar%2F88%2F1%2Farticle-p193_13.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlejnHaakLazaridisPatterson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Klejn, Leo S.; Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David; Kristiansen, Kristian; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Allentoft, Morten; Sikora, Martin; Willerslev, Eske (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-archaeology/article/abs/discussion-are-the-origins-of-indoeuropean-languages-explained-by-the-migration-of-the-yamnaya-culture-to-the-west/9E34F625389AF81B7EC16012F1D21FD9">"Discussion: Are the Origins of Indo-European Languages Explained by the Migration of the Yamnaya Culture to the West?"</a>. <i>European Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Feaa.2017.35">10.1017/eaa.2017.35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1461-9571">1461-9571</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164876051">164876051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Discussion%3A+Are+the+Origins+of+Indo-European+Languages+Explained+by+the+Migration+of+the+Yamnaya+Culture+to+the+West%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164876051%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1461-9571&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Feaa.2017.35&rft.aulast=Klejn&rft.aufirst=Leo+S.&rft.au=Haak%2C+Wolfgang&rft.au=Lazaridis%2C+Iosif&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Reich%2C+David&rft.au=Kristiansen%2C+Kristian&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6gren%2C+Karl-G%C3%B6ran&rft.au=Allentoft%2C+Morten&rft.au=Sikora%2C+Martin&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+Eske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Feuropean-journal-of-archaeology%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fdiscussion-are-the-origins-of-indoeuropean-languages-explained-by-the-migration-of-the-yamnaya-culture-to-the-west%2F9E34F625389AF81B7EC16012F1D21FD9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKroonenJakobPalmérSluis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kroonen, Guus; Jakob, Anthony; Palmér, Axel I.; Sluis, Paulus van; Wigman, Andrew (12 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555676">"Indo-European cereal terminology suggests a Northwest Pontic homeland for the core Indo-European languages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLoS_One" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS One">PLoS One</a></i>. <b>17</b> (10): e0275744. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022PLoSO..1775744K">2022PLoSO..1775744K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0275744">10.1371/journal.pone.0275744</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555676">9555676</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36223379">36223379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+One&rft.atitle=Indo-European+cereal+terminology+suggests+a+Northwest+Pontic+homeland+for+the+core+Indo-European+languages&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e0275744&rft.date=2022-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9555676%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022PLoSO..1775744K&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36223379&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0275744&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Kroonen&rft.aufirst=Guus&rft.au=Jakob%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Palm%C3%A9r%2C+Axel+I.&rft.au=Sluis%2C+Paulus+van&rft.au=Wigman%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9555676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLazaridisPattersonAnthonyVyazov2025" class="citation journal cs1">Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Anthony, David; Vyazov, Leonid; Fournier, Romain; Ringbauer, Harald; Olalde, Iñigo; Khokhlov, Alexander A.; Kitov, Egor P.; Shishlina, Natalia I.; Ailincăi, Sorin C.; Agapov, Danila S.; Agapov, Sergey A.; Batieva, Elena; Bauyrzhan, Baitanayev (5 February 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08531-5">"The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans"</a>. <i>Nature</i>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08531-5">10.1038/s41586-024-08531-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genetic+origin+of+the+Indo-Europeans&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=2025-02-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08531-5&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Lazaridis&rft.aufirst=Iosif&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Anthony%2C+David&rft.au=Vyazov%2C+Leonid&rft.au=Fournier%2C+Romain&rft.au=Ringbauer%2C+Harald&rft.au=Olalde%2C+I%C3%B1igo&rft.au=Khokhlov%2C+Alexander+A.&rft.au=Kitov%2C+Egor+P.&rft.au=Shishlina%2C+Natalia+I.&rft.au=Ailinc%C4%83i%2C+Sorin+C.&rft.au=Agapov%2C+Danila+S.&rft.au=Agapov%2C+Sergey+A.&rft.au=Batieva%2C+Elena&rft.au=Bauyrzhan%2C+Baitanayev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-024-08531-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klochko_2023-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klochko_2023_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klochko_2023_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlochko2023" class="citation web cs1">Klochko, Viktor (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371968410">"The Impanct of Cucuteni-Trypillia Cultural Society on the Genesis of Bronze Age Cultures from Northern Pontic Area (the overview on the Problem through the History of Copper-Bronze Metallurgy in the Region)"</a>. <i>National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+University+of+Kyiv-Mohyla+Academy&rft.atitle=The+Impanct+of+Cucuteni-Trypillia+Cultural+Society+on+the+Genesis+of+Bronze+Age+Cultures+from+Northern+Pontic+Area+%28the+overview+on+the+Problem+through+the+History+of+Copper-Bronze+Metallurgy+in+the+Region%29&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Klochko&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F371968410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeyd2017">Heyd 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFurholt2021" class="citation journal cs1">Furholt, Martin (4 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-020-09153-x">"Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution"</a>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Research</i>. <b>29</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">481–</span>535. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10814-020-09153-x">10.1007/s10814-020-09153-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852%2F85345">10852/85345</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7756">1573-7756</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:230718283">230718283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Research&rft.atitle=Mobility+and+Social+Change%3A+Understanding+the+European+Neolithic+Period+after+the+Archaeogenetic+Revolution&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E481-%3C%2Fspan%3E535&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10852%2F85345&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A230718283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-7756&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10814-020-09153-x&rft.aulast=Furholt&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10814-020-09153-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoshko2020" class="citation book cs1">Hoshko, Tatiana Yu (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346648571"><i>THE ERA OF EARLY METALS IN UKRAINE (history of metallurgy and cultural genesis</i></a>. Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-617-7315-38-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-617-7315-38-3"><bdi>978-617-7315-38-3</bdi></a>. <q>Thus, in the second half of IV – beginning of III millennium BC, in the Right-bank Ukraine, based on local Eneolithic metallurgy of the East-Carpathian type of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture and the Western Balkan (Vincha culture) and the Eastern Mediterranian (the cultural affiliation is unknown) technological traditions brought in due to migrations and trading contacts, the Carpathian-Volyn center of the "willow leaf" metallurgy of the Corded Ware cultures (Klochko & Klochko 2013) was formed, with its unique set of kinds and types of metal products and the tradition of use of relatively pure copper along with As-bronze, Sn-bronze and Sn + As-bronze.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+ERA+OF+EARLY+METALS+IN+UKRAINE+%28history+of+metallurgy+and+cultural+genesis&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Borys+Grinchenko+Kyiv+University&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-617-7315-38-3&rft.aulast=Hoshko&rft.aufirst=Tatiana+Yu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F346648571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999250-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999250_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1999">Mallory 1999</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFurholt2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Furholt, Martin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719075628/http://web.rgzm.de/319.html">"Entstehungsprozesse der Schnurkeramik und das Konzept eines Einheitshorizontes"</a>. <i>Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt</i> (in German). <b>34</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">479–</span>498. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.rgzm.de/319.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch%C3%A4ologisches+Korrespondenzblatt&rft.atitle=Entstehungsprozesse+der+Schnurkeramik+und+das+Konzept+eines+Einheitshorizontes&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E498&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Furholt&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.rgzm.de%2F319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWlodarczak2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wlodarczak, Piotr (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/3530/3045">"Radiocarbon and Dendrochronological Dates of the Corded Ware Culture"</a>. <i>Radiocarbon</i>. <b>51</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">737–</span>749. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Radcb..51..737W">2009Radcb..51..737W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs003382220005606x">10.1017/s003382220005606x</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiocarbon&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+and+Dendrochronological+Dates+of+the+Corded+Ware+Culture&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E737-%3C%2Fspan%3E749&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs003382220005606x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Radcb..51..737W&rft.aulast=Wlodarczak&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.uair.arizona.edu%2Findex.php%2Fradiocarbon%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3530%2F3045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janusz_Czebreszuk_2004-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janusz_Czebreszuk_2004_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCzebreszuk2004" class="citation book cs1">Czebreszuk, Janusz (2004). "Corded Ware from East to West". In Crabtree, Pam; Bogucki, Peter (eds.). <i>Ancient Europe, 8000 B.C. to A.D. 1000: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corded+Ware+from+East+to+West&rft.btitle=Ancient+Europe%2C+8000+B.C.+to+A.D.+1000%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Barbarian+World&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Czebreszuk&rft.aufirst=Janusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHäkkinen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Häkkinen, Jaakko (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust264/sust264_hakkinenj.pdf">"Early contacts between Uralic and Yukaghir"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia − Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne</i> (264). Helsinki: Finno-Ugric Society: 96<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomalais-Ugrilaisen+Seuran+Toimituksia+%E2%88%92+M%C3%A9moires+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Finno-Ougrienne&rft.atitle=Early+contacts+between+Uralic+and+Yukaghir&rft.issue=264&rft.pages=96&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4kkinen&rft.aufirst=Jaakko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgr.fi%2Fsust%2Fsust264%2Fsust264_hakkinenj.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academia.edu-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTheunissen2014" class="citation book cs1">Theunissen, E.M.; et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711"><i>A Mosaic of Habitation at Zeewijk (the Netherlands)</i></a>. Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. pp. <span class="nowrap">206–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789057992292" title="Special:BookSources/9789057992292"><bdi>9789057992292</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mosaic+of+Habitation+at+Zeewijk+%28the+Netherlands%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E206-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Cultural+Heritage+Agency+of+the+Netherlands&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789057992292&rft.aulast=Theunissen&rft.aufirst=E.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10028711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidsen, Karsten (1978) "The Final TRB Culture in Denmark: A Settlement Study", Vol. 5, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boghandel, Gyldendalske (1984) "Kuml", p. 199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trigger, Bruce G. (1989) "A History of Archaeological Thought", pp. 155–156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fagan_Sherratt-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fagan_Sherratt_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaganBeck1996" class="citation book cs1">Fagan, Brian M.; Beck, Charlotte (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tYEYAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 89, 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507618-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507618-9"><bdi>978-0-19-507618-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Archaeology&rft.pages=89%2C+217&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507618-9&rft.aulast=Fagan&rft.aufirst=Brian+M.&rft.au=Beck%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtYEYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrenth2008" class="citation web cs1">Drenth, Erik; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/47257623">"Single Grave Culture Settlements in the Netherlands: the state of aﬀairs anno 2006"</a>. <q>the structure's location in the periphery of the settlement as well as its extraordinary size and regular shape, suggest that it was probably not a standard dwelling, and presumably neither a barn. Perhaps the building had a ritual or ceremonial function.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Single+Grave+Culture+Settlements+in+the+Netherlands%3A+the+state+of+a%EF%AC%80airs+anno+2006&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Drenth&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F47257623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFØstmo1991" class="citation journal cs1">Østmo, Einar (1991). "A local ship picture tradition of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages in southeast Norway: New evidence from rock carvings at Dalbo". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>23</b> (2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: <span class="nowrap">220–</span>232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1991.9980174">10.1080/00438243.1991.9980174</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+local+ship+picture+tradition+of+the+Bronze+and+Early+Iron+Ages+in+southeast+Norway%3A+New+evidence+from+rock+carvings+at+Dalbo&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1991.9980174&rft.aulast=%C3%98stmo&rft.aufirst=Einar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37040023">"Battle-axes and beakers. The Final Eneolithic societies (Włodarczak 2017)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle-axes+and+beakers.+The+Final+Eneolithic+societies+%28W%C5%82odarczak+2017%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37040023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holm. Hans J. J. G. (2019). "The Earliest Wheel Finds, Their Archeology and Indo-European Terminology in Time and Space, and Early Migrations around the Caucasus". <i>Archaeolingua Alapítvány</i>, Budapest, ISBN 978-615-5766-30-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchibler2006" class="citation journal cs1">Schibler, J (2006). "The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones". <i>Environmental Archaeology</i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EnvAr..11...49S">2006EnvAr..11...49S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F174963106x97052">10.1179/174963106x97052</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129778550">129778550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+economy+and+environment+of+the+4th+and+3rd+millennia+BC+in+the+northern+Alpine+foreland+based+on+studies+of+animal+bones&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129778550%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F174963106x97052&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006EnvAr..11...49S&rft.aulast=Schibler&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geller_2019_231–242-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geller_2019_231–242_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geller_2019_231–242_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeller2019" class="citation cs2">Geller, Pamela L. (2019), Buikstra, Jane E. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-93012-1_10">"The Fallacy of the Transgender Skeleton"</a>, <i>Bioarchaeologists Speak Out</i>, Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, <a href="/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International Publishing">Springer International Publishing</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">231–</span>242, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-93012-1_10">10.1007/978-3-319-93012-1_10</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-93011-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-93011-4"><bdi>978-3-319-93011-4</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150006717">150006717</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioarchaeologists+Speak+Out&rft.atitle=The+Fallacy+of+the+Transgender+Skeleton&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E242&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150006717%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-93012-1_10&rft.isbn=978-3-319-93011-4&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=Pamela+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-93012-1_10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8433527/First-homosexual-caveman-found.html">"First homosexual caveman found"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 6 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8433527/First-homosexual-caveman-found.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=First+homosexual+caveman+found&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fhowaboutthat%2F8433527%2FFirst-homosexual-caveman-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pappas_2011-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pappas_2011_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappas_2011_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPappas2011" class="citation news cs1">Pappas, Stephanie (7 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/13620-gay-caveman-story-overblown.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gay Caveman' Story Overblown, Archaeologists Say"</a>. <i>LiveScience.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LiveScience.com&rft.atitle=%27Gay+Caveman%27+Story+Overblown%2C+Archaeologists+Say&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft.aulast=Pappas&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F13620-gay-caveman-story-overblown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurek2016" class="citation journal cs1">Turek, Jan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11759-017-9303-0">"Sex, Transsexuality and Archaeological Perception of Gender Identities"</a>. <i>Archaeologies</i>. <b>12</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">340–</span>358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11759-017-9303-0">10.1007/s11759-017-9303-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-8622">1555-8622</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151752952">151752952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologies&rft.atitle=Sex%2C+Transsexuality+and+Archaeological+Perception+of+Gender+Identities&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E340-%3C%2Fspan%3E358&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151752952%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1555-8622&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11759-017-9303-0&rft.aulast=Turek&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs11759-017-9303-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeška2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peška, Jaroslav (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arub.cz/prehled-vydanych-cisel/PV-58-1-peska.pdf">"Nová pohřebiště kultury se šňůrovou keramikou na střední Moravě (Dosavadní výsledky horizontální stratigrafie"</a> [New burial grounds of the MCWC in the central Moravia] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Přehled výzkumů</i> (in Czech). <b>58</b> (1). Brno: Archeologický ústav, Akademie věd České republiky – via ArUB.cz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P%C5%99ehled+v%C3%BDzkum%C5%AF&rft.atitle=Nov%C3%A1+poh%C5%99ebi%C5%A1t%C4%9B+kultury+se+%C5%A1%C5%88%C5%AFrovou+keramikou+na+st%C5%99edn%C3%AD+Morav%C4%9B+%28Dosavadn%C3%AD+v%C3%BDsledky+horizont%C3%A1ln%C3%AD+stratigrafie&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Pe%C5%A1ka&rft.aufirst=Jaroslav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arub.cz%2Fprehled-vydanych-cisel%2FPV-58-1-peska.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/45080021/Exchanges_between_syncretic_groups_from_the_Mazury_Lake_District_in_northeast_Poland_and_Early_Bronze_Age_communities_in_Central_Europe">"Manasterski 2010"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manasterski+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F45080021%2FExchanges_between_syncretic_groups_from_the_Mazury_Lake_District_in_northeast_Poland_and_Early_Bronze_Age_communities_in_Central_Europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKolář2018" class="citation book cs1">Kolář, Jan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329183662"><i>Archaeology of Local Interactions: Social and Spatial Aspects of the Corded Ware Communities in Moravia</i></a>. "Studien zur Archäologie Europas" series. Vol. 31. Rudolf Habelt. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783774941267" title="Special:BookSources/9783774941267"><bdi>9783774941267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+of+Local+Interactions%3A+Social+and+Spatial+Aspects+of+the+Corded+Ware+Communities+in+Moravia&rft.series=%22Studien+zur+Arch%C3%A4ologie+Europas%22+series&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Rudolf+Habelt&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9783774941267&rft.aulast=Kol%C3%A1%C5%99&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F329183662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stonetoolsmuseum.com/artefact/europe/alunda-moose/1690/">"Ceremonial Battle Axe"</a>. <i>Museum of Stone Tools</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+Stone+Tools&rft.atitle=Ceremonial+Battle+Axe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstonetoolsmuseum.com%2Fartefact%2Feurope%2Falunda-moose%2F1690%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108;_244-250-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108;_244-250_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1999">Mallory 1999</a>, p. 108; 244-250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1999">Mallory 1999</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallory_(2013)-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mallory_(2013)_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallory2013" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Mallory" class="mw-redirect" title="James P. Mallory">Mallory, James P.</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326210720/https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/celtic-from-the-west-2.html">"The Indo-Europeanization of Atlantic Europe"</a>. In J. T. Koch; B. Cunliffe (eds.). <i>Celtic From the West 2: Rethinking the Bronze Age and the Arrival of Indo–European in Atlantic Europe</i>. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/celtic-from-the-west-2.html">the original</a> on 26 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Indo-Europeanization+of+Atlantic+Europe&rft.btitle=Celtic+From+the+West+2%3A+Rethinking+the+Bronze+Age+and+the+Arrival+of+Indo%E2%80%93European+in+Atlantic+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%2Foxbow%2Fceltic-from-the-west-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007367_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360,_368-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360,_368_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 360, 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007345,_361-367-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007345,_361-367_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 345, 361-367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007362,_367-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007362,_367_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 362, 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007368,_380-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007368,_380_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 368, 380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015p._11,_figure_4c-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015p._11,_figure_4c_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015">Haak et al. 2015</a>, p. 11, figure 4c.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGimbutas1997">Gimbutas 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997240-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGimbutas1997240_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGimbutas1997">Gimbutas 1997</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPereltsvaigLewis2015" class="citation book cs1">Pereltsvaig, Asya; Lewis, Martin W. (2015). <i>The Indo-European Controversy</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Controversy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Pereltsvaig&rft.aufirst=Asya&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Martin+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-8-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007117-8_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 117-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015136_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015">Lazaridis et al. 2015</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIversenKroonen2017-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIversenKroonen2017_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIversenKroonen2017">Iversen & Kroonen 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kroonen-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kroonen_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kroonen_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kroonen_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKroonen2015" class="citation web cs1">Kroonen, Guus (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821203215/http://www.shh.mpg.de/105702/Abstractbook_Draft_Oct_2nd.pdf">"Pre-Indo-European speech carrying a Neolithic signature emanating from the Aegean"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shh.mpg.de/105702/Abstractbook_Draft_Oct_2nd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pre-Indo-European+speech+carrying+a+Neolithic+signature+emanating+from+the+Aegean&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Kroonen&rft.aufirst=Guus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F105702%2FAbstractbook_Draft_Oct_2nd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones-Bley1996-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones-Bley1996_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones-Bley1996">Jones-Bley 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones-Bley1996" class="citation book cs1">Jones-Bley, Karlene (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCZmAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Indo-Europeanization of northern Europe: papers presented at the international conference held at the University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania, September 1-7, 1994</i></a>. Institute for the Study of Man. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941694568" title="Special:BookSources/9780941694568"><bdi>9780941694568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Europeanization+of+northern+Europe%3A+papers+presented+at+the+international+conference+held+at+the+University+of+Vilnius%2C+Vilnius%2C+Lithuania%2C+September+1-7%2C+1994&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Man&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780941694568&rft.aulast=Jones-Bley&rft.aufirst=Karlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCZmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmer-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmer_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2015" class="citation news cs1">Zimmer, Carl (10 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/science/dna-deciphers-roots-of-modern-europeans.html">"DNA Deciphers Roots of Modern Europeans"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DNA+Deciphers+Roots+of+Modern+Europeans&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F16%2Fscience%2Fdna-deciphers-roots-of-modern-europeans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomads-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomads_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Ann (10 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians">"Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians"</a>. <i>Science</i>. AAAS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Nomadic+herders+left+a+strong+genetic+mark+on+Europeans+and+Asians&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fnomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaridis2014-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaridis2014_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLazaridis2014">Lazaridis 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Chuan-Chao (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330855366">"Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Ancient+human+genome-wide+data+from+a+3000-year+interval+in+the+Caucasus+corresponds+with+eco-geographic+regions&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chuan-Chao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F330855366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyd2017350_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeyd2017">Heyd 2017</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalmström2019_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalmström2019">Malmström 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaag2017-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaag2017_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaag2017_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaag2017">Saag 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinderholm2020_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinderholm2020">Linderholm 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFurtwängler2020-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFurtwängler2020_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFurtwängler2020">Furtwängler 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESjögren2020-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjögren2020_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSjögren2020">Sjögren 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaak2008-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaak2008_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaak2008">Haak 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2018_90-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathieson2018">Mathieson 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathieson2015_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathieson2015">Mathieson 2015</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllentoft2015" class="citation journal cs1">Allentoft, M. E. (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14507">"Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>522</b> (7555). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">167–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.522..167A">2015Natur.522..167A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14507">10.1038/nature14507</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26062507">26062507</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4399103">4399103</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Population+genomics+of+Bronze+Age+Eurasia&rft.volume=522&rft.issue=7555&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14507&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4399103%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26062507&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.522..167A&rft.aulast=Allentoft&rft.aufirst=M.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature14507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2007" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, David W. (2007). <i>The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age riders from the Eurasian steppes shaped the modern world</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horse%2C+the+Wheel%2C+and+Language%3A+How+Bronze-Age+riders+from+the+Eurasian+steppes+shaped+the+modern+world&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFurtwängler2020" class="citation cs2">Furtwängler, Anja (2020), "Ancient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland", <i>Nature Communications</i>, <b>11</b> (1): 1915, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.1915F">2020NatCo..11.1915F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-15560-x">10.1038/s41467-020-15560-x</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171184">7171184</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32313080">32313080</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:215819621">215819621</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Ancient+genomes+reveal+social+and+genetic+structure+of+Late+Neolithic+Switzerland&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1915&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7171184%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A215819621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatCo..11.1915F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32313080&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-15560-x&rft.aulast=Furtw%C3%A4ngler&rft.aufirst=Anja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGimbutas1997" class="citation book cs1">Gimbutas, Marija (1997). Dexter, Miriam Robbins; Jones-Bley, Karlene (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCZmAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Kurgan culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe: Selected articles from 1952 to 1993</i></a>. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941694568" title="Special:BookSources/9780941694568"><bdi>9780941694568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurgan+culture+and+the+Indo-Europeanization+of+Europe%3A+Selected+articles+from+1952+to+1993&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Man&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780941694568&rft.aulast=Gimbutas&rft.aufirst=Marija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCZmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaak2008" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang (25 November 2008). <a href="/wiki/Richard_Klein_(paleoanthropologist)" title="Richard Klein (paleoanthropologist)">Klein, Richard G.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587582">"Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</a></i>. <b>105</b> (47). <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>: <span class="nowrap">18226–</span>18231. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PNAS..10518226H">2008PNAS..10518226H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0807592105">10.1073/pnas.0807592105</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587582">2587582</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19015520">19015520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA%2C+Strontium+isotopes%2C+and+osteological+analyses+shed+light+on+social+and+kinship+organization+of+the+Later+Stone+Age&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18226-%3C%2Fspan%3E18231&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2587582%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PNAS..10518226H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19015520&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0807592105&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2587582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang; et al. (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>522</b> (7555). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">207–</span>211. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.02783">1502.02783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.522..207H">2015Natur.522..207H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14317">10.1038/nature14317</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">5048219</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25731166">25731166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Massive+migration+from+the+steppe+was+a+source+for+Indo-European+languages+in+Europe&rft.volume=522&rft.issue=7555&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E211&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.522..207H&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.02783&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25731166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14317&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Lazaridis%2C+Iosif&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeyd2017" class="citation journal cs1">Heyd, Volker (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/113850524/Kossinna_s_Smile_as_finally_submitted.pdf">"Kossinna's smile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>91</b> (356): <span class="nowrap">348–</span>359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2017.21">10.15184/aqy.2017.21</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10138%2F255652">10138/255652</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164376362">164376362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Kossinna%27s+smile&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=356&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E348-%3C%2Fspan%3E359&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10138%2F255652&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164376362%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15184%2Faqy.2017.21&rft.aulast=Heyd&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch-information.bris.ac.uk%2Ffiles%2F113850524%2FKossinna_s_Smile_as_finally_submitted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIversenKroonen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Iversen, Rune; Kroonen, Guus (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static-curis.ku.dk/portal/files/184141394/AJA121_04_Iversen.pdf">"Talking Neolithic: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on how Indo-European was Implemented in Southern Scandinavia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>121</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">511–</span>525. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3764%2Faja.121.4.0511">10.3764/aja.121.4.0511</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4811514">4811514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Talking+Neolithic%3A+Linguistic+and+Archaeological+Perspectives+on+how+Indo-European+was+Implemented+in+Southern+Scandinavia&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E511-%3C%2Fspan%3E525&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3764%2Faja.121.4.0511&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4811514%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Iversen&rft.aufirst=Rune&rft.au=Kroonen%2C+Guus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic-curis.ku.dk%2Fportal%2Ffiles%2F184141394%2FAJA121_04_Iversen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFrei2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kristiansen, Kristian; Allentoft, Morten; Frei, Karin M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17">"Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>91</b> (356): <span class="nowrap">334–</span>347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17">10.15184/aqy.2017.17</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F70150">1887/70150</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Re-theorising+mobility+and+the+formation+of+culture+and+language+among+the+Corded+Ware+Culture+in+Europe&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=356&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E334-%3C%2Fspan%3E347&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F70150&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15184%2Faqy.2017.17&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft.au=Allentoft%2C+Morten&rft.au=Frei%2C+Karin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15184%252Faqy.2017.17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLazaridis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lazaridis, Iosif (17 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170574">"Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>513</b> (7518). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">409–</span>413. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6639">1312.6639</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.513..409L">2014Natur.513..409L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature13673">10.1038/nature13673</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F30563">11336/30563</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170574">4170574</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25230663">25230663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ancient+human+genomes+suggest+three+ancestral+populations+for+present-day+Europeans&rft.volume=513&rft.issue=7518&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E409-%3C%2Fspan%3E413&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4170574%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Natur.513..409L&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1312.6639&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25230663&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature13673&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11336%2F30563&rft.aulast=Lazaridis&rft.aufirst=Iosif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4170574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015" class="citation book cs1">Lazaridis, Iosif; Haak, Wolfgang; Patterson, Nick; Anthony, David; Reich, David (2015). "Supplementary Information 11. Relevance of ancient DNA to the problem of Indo-European language dispersals". <i>Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Supplementary+Information+11.+Relevance+of+ancient+DNA+to+the+problem+of+Indo-European+language+dispersals&rft.btitle=Massive+migration+from+the+steppe+is+a+source+for+Indo-European+languages+in+Europe&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lazaridis&rft.aufirst=Iosif&rft.au=Haak%2C+Wolfgang&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Anthony%2C+David&rft.au=Reich%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinderholm2020" class="citation cs2">Linderholm, Anna (2020), "Corded Ware cultural complexity uncovered using genomic and isotopic analysis from south-eastern Poland", <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <b>10</b> (1): 6885, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatSR..10.6885L">2020NatSR..10.6885L</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-63138-w">10.1038/s41598-020-63138-w</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165176">7165176</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303690">32303690</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Corded+Ware+cultural+complexity+uncovered+using+genomic+and+isotopic+analysis+from+south-eastern+Poland&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6885&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7165176%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32303690&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-020-63138-w&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatSR..10.6885L&rft.aulast=Linderholm&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLindquist1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lindquist, H. (1993). <i>Historien om Sverige</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historien+om+Sverige&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lindquist&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalmström2019" class="citation journal cs1">Malmström, Helena (9 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790770">"The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Proceedings of the Royal Society">Proceedings of the Royal Society B</a></i>. <b>286</b> (1912). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.1528">10.1098/rspb.2019.1528</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790770">6790770</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31594508">31594508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B&rft.atitle=The+genomic+ancestry+of+the+Scandinavian+Battle+Axe+Culture+people+and+their+relation+to+the+broader+Corded+Ware+horizon&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=1912&rft.date=2019-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6790770%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31594508&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2019.1528&rft.aulast=Malmstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6790770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallory1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" title="J. P. Mallory">Mallory, J. P.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC"><i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1884964985" title="Special:BookSources/978-1884964985"><bdi>978-1884964985</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+Culture&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1884964985&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzU3RIV2BWIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallory1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" title="J. P. Mallory">Mallory, J. P.</a> (1999). <i>In Search of the Indo-Europeans</i> (freprint ed.). Thames and Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Indo-Europeans&rft.edition=freprint&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMathieson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mathieson, Iain (23 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4918750">"Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>528</b> (7583). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">499–</span>503. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.528..499M">2015Natur.528..499M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature16152">10.1038/nature16152</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4918750">4918750</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26595274">26595274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+patterns+of+selection+in+230+ancient+Eurasians&rft.volume=528&rft.issue=7583&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E499-%3C%2Fspan%3E503&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4918750%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26595274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature16152&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.528..499M&rft.aulast=Mathieson&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4918750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMathieson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mathieson, Iain (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091220">"The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>555</b> (7695). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">197–</span>203. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.555..197M">2018Natur.555..197M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature25778">10.1038/nature25778</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091220">6091220</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29466330">29466330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Genomic+History+of+Southeastern+Europe&rft.volume=555&rft.issue=7695&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E203&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6091220%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29466330&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature25778&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.555..197M&rft.aulast=Mathieson&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6091220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. (6 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>365</b> (6457). <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: eaat7487. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F292581">10.1101/292581</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487">10.1126/science.aat7487</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">6822619</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488661">31488661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+formation+of+human+populations+in+South+and+Central+Asia&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6457&rft.pages=eaat7487&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31488661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F292581%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Narasimhan&rft.aufirst=Vagheesh+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlalde2018" class="citation journal cs1">Olalde, I. (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973796">"The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>555</b> (7695). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">190–</span>196. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.555..190O">2018Natur.555..190O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature25738">10.1038/nature25738</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973796">5973796</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29466337">29466337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Beaker+phenomenon+and+the+genomic+transformation+of+northwest+Europe&rft.volume=555&rft.issue=7695&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E190-%3C%2Fspan%3E196&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973796%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29466337&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature25738&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.555..190O&rft.aulast=Olalde&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFØstmo1996" class="citation book cs1">Østmo, Einar (1996). "The Indo-European question: A Norwegian perspective". In Huld, Martin E.; Jones-Bley, Karlene (eds.). <i>The Indo-Europeanization of Northern Europe</i>. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Indo-European+question%3A+A+Norwegian+perspective&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Europeanization+of+Northern+Europe&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Journal+of+Indo-European+Studies+Monograph&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Man&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%C3%98stmo&rft.aufirst=Einar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021" class="citation journal cs1">Papac, Luka; et al. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386934">"Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BC central Europe"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>7</b> (35): eabi6941. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SciA....7.6941P">2021SciA....7.6941P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi6941">10.1126/sciadv.abi6941</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386934">8386934</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433570">34433570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Dynamic+changes+in+genomic+and+social+structures+in+third+millennium+BC+central+Europe&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=eabi6941&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8386934%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SciA....7.6941P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34433570&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi6941&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Papac&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft.au=Ern%C3%A9e%2C+Michal&rft.au=Dobe%C5%A1%2C+Miroslav&rft.au=Langov%C3%A1%2C+Michaela&rft.au=Rohrlach%2C+Adam+B.&rft.au=Aron%2C+Franziska&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Gunnar+U.&rft.au=Spyrou%2C+Maria+A.&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft.au=Velem%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD%2C+Petr&rft.au=Kuna%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8386934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaag2017" class="citation journal cs1">Saag, Lehti (24 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2017.06.022">"Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Current_Biology" title="Current Biology">Current Biology</a></i>. <b>27</b> (14). <a href="/wiki/Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">2185–</span>2193. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CBio...27E2185S">2017CBio...27E2185S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2017.06.022">10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28712569">28712569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Extensive+Farming+in+Estonia+Started+through+a+Sex-Biased+Migration+from+the+Steppe.&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2185-%3C%2Fspan%3E2193&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28712569&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2017.06.022&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017CBio...27E2185S&rft.aulast=Saag&rft.aufirst=Lehti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2017.06.022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSjögren2020" class="citation cs2">Sjögren, Karl-Göran (2020), "Kinship and social organization in Copper Age Europe. A cross-disciplinary analysis of archaeology, DNA, isotopes, and anthropology from two Bell Beaker cemeteries", <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <b>15</b> (11): e0241278, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1541278S">2020PLoSO..1541278S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0241278">10.1371/journal.pone.0241278</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7668604">7668604</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196640">33196640</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Kinship+and+social+organization+in+Copper+Age+Europe.+A+cross-disciplinary+analysis+of+archaeology%2C+DNA%2C+isotopes%2C+and+anthropology+from+two+Bell+Beaker+cemeteries&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e0241278&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7668604%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33196640&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0241278&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PLoSO..1541278S&rft.aulast=Sj%C3%B6gren&rft.aufirst=Karl-G%C3%B6ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Corded_Ware_culture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Corded_Ware_culture" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Ann (10 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians">"Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians"</a>. <i>Science</i>. AAAS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Nomadic+herders+left+a+strong+genetic+mark+on+Europeans+and+Asians&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fnomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorded+Ware+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335524924_Settlements_and_social_development_of_the_3rd_millennium_BC_in_central_Germany">Settlements and social development of the 3rd millennium BC in central Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template talk:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a> <small>(including the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic#Europe" title="Mesolithic">↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horizon_(archaeology)" title="Horizon (archaeology)">Horizons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Temperate_Neolithic" title="First Temperate Neolithic">First Temperate Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> (LBK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerny_culture" title="Cerny culture">Cerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chass%C3%A9en_culture" title="Chasséen culture">Chasséen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortaillod_culture" title="Cortaillod culture">Cortaillod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_culture" title="Danilo culture">Danilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decea_Mure%C5%9Fului_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Decea Mureşului culture">Decea Mureşului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti_culture" title="Dudești culture">Dudești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorne%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornești culture">Gornești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C8%9Ba%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelnița–Karanovo culture">Gumelnița–Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamangia_culture" title="Hamangia culture">Hamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakanj_culture" title="Kakanj culture">Kakanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanovo_culture" title="Karanovo culture">Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_culture" title="Neman culture">Neman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrești culture">Petrești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit–Comb Ware culture">Pit–Comb Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture" title="Pitted Ware culture">Pitted Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo_culture" title="Rzucewo culture">Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine%E2%80%93Oise%E2%80%93Marne_culture" title="Seine–Oise–Marne culture">Seine–Oise–Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesklo#Sesklo_culture" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot_culture" title="Sopot culture">Sopot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture" title="Sredny Stog culture">Sredny Stog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo%E2%80%93K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99_culture" title="Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture">Starčevo–Körös–Criș</a> <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_culture" title="Körös culture">Körös</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C5%9F_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Criş culture">Criş</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartberg_culture" title="Wartberg culture">Wartberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_culture" title="Windmill Hill culture">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monumental<br /> architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_barrow" title="Bank barrow">Bank barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_entrance" title="Megalithic entrance">Megalithic entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_dolmen" title="Polygonal dolmen">Polygonal dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Rondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">Stone row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">Unchambered long barrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool#Neolithic_industries" title="Stone tool">Lithic industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_during_the_Copper_Age_in_Europe" title="Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic long house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_culture" title="Danubian culture">Danubian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933996#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933996#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933996#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4179902-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Corded Ware culture"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85032561">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kultura se šňůrovou keramikou"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135891&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007562842105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/024664">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&oldid=1280019249">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&oldid=1280019249</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corded_Ware_culture" title="Category:Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_Europe" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of Europe">Archaeological cultures of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neolithic_cultures_of_Europe" title="Category:Neolithic cultures of Europe">Neolithic cultures of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze_Age_cultures_of_Europe" title="Category:Bronze Age cultures of Europe">Bronze Age cultures of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chalcolithic_cultures_of_Europe" title="Category:Chalcolithic cultures of Europe">Chalcolithic cultures of Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_quotes" title="Category:Articles with unsourced quotes">Articles with unsourced quotes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Czech-language_sources_(cs)" title="Category:CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)">CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_introduction_cleanup_from_April_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2024">Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2024">Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify" title="Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify">All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed_from_April_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from April 2024">Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed" title="Category:All articles that are excessively detailed">All articles that are excessively detailed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_April_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from April 2024">Wikipedia articles with style issues from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues" title="Category:All articles with style issues">All articles with style issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 March 2025, at 00:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corded_Ware_culture&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Corded Ware culture</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>41 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b4fff7949-cmwgl","wgBackendResponseTime":268,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.388","walltime":"1.643","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15643,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":338805,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27193,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":351293,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1330.498 1 -total"," 23.32% 310.213 3 Template:Reflist"," 14.81% 197.096 78 Template:Sfn"," 12.33% 164.099 34 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.23% 136.075 19 Template:Cite_book"," 9.04% 120.248 1 Template:Indo-European_topics"," 6.32% 84.026 1 Template:Infobox_archaeological_culture"," 6.10% 81.200 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.08% 80.885 1 Template:Langx"," 5.00% 66.509 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.811","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20824931,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllentoft2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnthony2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckerman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBulatović2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunliffe1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCzebreszuk2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrenth2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaganBeck1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurholt2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurholt2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurtwängler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeller2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbons2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGimbutas1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaak2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeyd2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoshko2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHäkkinen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIversenKroonen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones-Bley1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlejn2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlejnHaakLazaridisPatterson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlochko2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKochCunliffe2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolář2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristiansen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFrei2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristiansenAllentoftFreiIversen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristiansenKroonenWillerslev2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroonen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroonenJakobPalmérSluis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaridis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaridisHaakPattersonAnthony2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaridisPattersonAnthonyVyazov2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinderholm2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindquist1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallory1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallory1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallory2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalmström2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalmströmGüntherSvenssonJuras2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathieson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathieson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarasimhan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlalde2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPappas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPereltsvaigLewis2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeška2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRingbauerHuangAkbariMallick2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaag2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchibler2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSjögren2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSklenář1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheunissen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurek2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWlodarczak2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFØstmo1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFØstmo1996\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Chalcolithic\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 6,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 34,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 6,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Colorsample\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 14,\n [\"Harvcoltxt\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 3,\n [\"Indo-European topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox archaeological culture\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Lead too short\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Neolithic Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Overly detailed\"] = 1,\n [\"Prehistoric technology\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote without source\"] = 2,\n [\"R\"] = 3,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 3,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 78,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b4fff7949-gdvpv","timestamp":"20250326153019","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Corded Ware culture","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corded_Ware_culture","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q933996","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q933996","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-02-28T20:33:54Z","dateModified":"2025-03-12T00:00:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/Corded_Ware_culture.jpg","headline":"European late Neolithic, Copper Age, and early Bronze Age culture"}</script> </body> </html>