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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antarktis_uppkomst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antarktis_uppkomst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antarktis uppkomst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antarktis_uppkomst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontinenten_upptäcks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontinenten_upptäcks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kontinenten upptäcks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontinenten_upptäcks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indelning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indelning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Indelning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indelning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Isen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inlandsisen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inlandsisen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Inlandsisen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inlandsisen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Isberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Klimat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_och_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_och_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Flora och fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_och_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styre_och_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styre_och_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Styre och politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Styre_och_politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Styre och politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Styre_och_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territoriella_anspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territoriella_anspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Territoriella anspråk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territoriella_anspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lagar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lagar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lagar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lagar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ekonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kommunikationer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kommunikationer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kommunikationer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kommunikationer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Framtid_och_risker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Framtid_och_risker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Framtid och risker</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Framtid_och_risker-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Framtid och risker</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Framtid_och_risker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antarktis_framtid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antarktis_framtid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Antarktis framtid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antarktis_framtid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effekten_på_den_globala_uppvärmningen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effekten_på_den_globala_uppvärmningen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Effekten på den globala uppvärmningen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effekten_på_den_globala_uppvärmningen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ozonhål" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ozonhål"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ozonhål</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ozonhål-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tryckta_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tryckta_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Tryckta källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tryckta_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antarktis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 256 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-256" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">256 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – acehnesiska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Антарктикэ – adygeiska" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Антарктикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AB" title="አንታርክቲካ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አንታርክቲካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्कटिका – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंटार्कटिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القارة القطبية الجنوبية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القارة القطبية الجنوبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctida" title="Antarctida – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antarctida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܐܢܛܐܪܩܛܝܩܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܢܛܐܪܩܛܝܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Անթարքթիքա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անթարքթիքա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartica" title="Antartica – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Antartica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="L'Antártida – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="L'Antártida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्कटिका – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंटार्कटिका" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Antártida" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="جنوبی قوطب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جنوبی قوطب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="অ্যান্টার্কটিকা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যান্টার্কটিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-ke%CC%8Dk_T%C4%81i-lio%CC%8Dk" title="Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктыда – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антарктыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктыда – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Антарктыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्कटिका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंटार्कटिका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antatik" title="Antatik – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Antatik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྷོ་མཐའི་གླིང་། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྷོ་མཐའི་གླིང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktik" title="Antarktik – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antarktik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A0rtida" title="Antàrtida – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antàrtida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthakitika" title="Anthakitika – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Anthakitika" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarticu" title="Antarticu – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Antarticu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Antarctig" title="Yr Antarctig – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Antarctig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="أنطاركتيكا – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أنطاركتيكا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rktis" title="Antárktis – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Antárktis" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hj%C3%AD_k%C3%A9yah_yistin%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Shádiʼááhjí kéyah yistinígíí – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhjí kéyah yistinígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्टार्क्टिका – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अन्टार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ανταρκτική – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανταρκτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antártida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarkto" title="Antarkto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antarkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1ltia" title="Antáltia – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Antáltia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنوبگان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنوبگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctique" title="Antarctique – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antarctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartic" title="Antartic – friulianska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Antartic" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartaice" title="Antartaice – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Antartaice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Antarctagh" title="Yn Antarctagh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Antarctagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Antartaig" title="An Antartaig – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Antartaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antártida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" title="南極洲 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="南極洲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%8A%DA%A9" title="نسا تۊک – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="نسا تۊک" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="ઍન્ટાર્કટિકા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઍન્ટાર્કટિકા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌰 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्क्टिका – Goa-konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अंटार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa-konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-khi%CC%8Dt-ch%C3%BB" title="Nàm-khi̍t-chû – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-khi̍t-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Антарктик – kalmuckiska" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Антарктик" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EA%B7%B9" title="남극 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남극" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antatika" title="Antatika – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Antatika" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAne%CA%BB%C4%81lika" title="ʻAneʻālika – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAneʻālika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Անտարկտիդա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտարկտիդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्कटिका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंटार्कटिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="এন্টার্কটিকা – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="এন্টার্কটিকা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Antarctic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartikaq" title="Antartikaq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Antartikaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Антарктидæ – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Антарктидæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Antatika" title="I-Antatika – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Antatika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0urskautslandi%C3%B0" title="Suðurskautslandið – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suðurskautslandið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartide" title="Antartide – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antartide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אנטארקטיקה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטארקטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antar%C9%A9tiki_t%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_wandamm" title="Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಅಂಟಾರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಟಾರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Antartida" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ანტარქტიდა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტარქტიდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – kasjubiska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarigitika" title="Antarigitika – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Antarigitika" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara_la_Antaktiki" title="Bara la Antaktiki – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bara la Antaktiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antatik_(kontinan)" title="Antatik (kontinan) – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Antatik (kontinan)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktik" title="Antarktik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Antarktik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarkt%C3%AEka" title="Antarktîka – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Antarktîka" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Antartida" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ທະວີບອັງຕາກຕິກ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະວີບອັງຕາກຕິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarkt%C4%ABda" title="Antarktīda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antarktīda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartego" title="Antartego – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Antartego" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartica" title="Antartica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Antartica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktidu" title="Antarktidu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Antarktidu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ziptu%27a" title="ziptu'a – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ziptu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartid" title="Antartid – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Antartid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्टार्क्टिका – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अन्टार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Антарктик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антарктик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="അന്റാർട്ടിക്ക – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്റാർട്ടിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiri_o_te_Moana" title="Tiri o te Moana – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tiri o te Moana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अंटार्क्टिका – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंटार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ანტარქტიდა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანტარქტიდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="انتاركتيكا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انتاركتيكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80" title="အန္တာတိက – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အန္တာတိက" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنوبگان – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جنوبگان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0ng-g%C4%ADk-ci%C5%AD" title="Nàng-gĭk-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nàng-gĭk-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Antártica – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Antártica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Антарктидась – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Антарктидась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антарктид – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Антарктид" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80" title="အန္တာတိက – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အန္တာတိက" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्टार्क्टिका – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्टार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="एन्टार्टिका – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एन्टार्टिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="南極大陸 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南極大陸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartide" title="Antartide – napolitanska" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Antartide" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktikaa" title="Antarktikaa – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Antarktikaa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctique" title="Antarctique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Antarctique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antartida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Антарктиде – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Антарктиде" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଆଣ୍ଟର୍କଟିକା – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଣ୍ଟର୍କଟିକା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antaarkitikaa" title="Antaarkitikaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Antaarkitikaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅੰਟਾਰਕਟਿਕਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਟਾਰਕਟਿਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انٹارکٹکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انٹارکٹکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80" title="အန်တာတိက – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အန်တာတိက" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtika" title="Antártika – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Antártika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انتارکتيکا – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انتارکتيکا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antaatika" title="Antaatika – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Antaatika" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – komi-permjakiska" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="អង់តាកទិក – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង់តាកទិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intarctike" title="Intarctike – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Intarctike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A0rtide" title="Antàrtide – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Antàrtide" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktyda" title="Antarktyda – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antarktyda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CE%BD" title="Ανταρκτικήν – pontiska" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ανταρκτικήν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antártida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktida" title="Antarktida – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Antarktida" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCdpool" title="Süüdpool – kölniska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Süüdpool" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctida" title="Antarctida – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antarctida" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктіда – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Антарктіда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антарктика – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Антарктика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan-ci-cow" title="Nan-ci-cow – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Nan-ci-cow" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anetatika" title="Anetatika – samoanska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Anetatika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अण्टार्क्टिका – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अण्टार्क्टिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱤᱠᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱤᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انٹارکٹیکا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انٹارکٹیکا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A0rticu" title="Antàrticu – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Antàrticu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarcticae" title="Antarcticae – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Antarcticae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktikoa" title="Antarktikoa – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Antarktikoa" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktiku" title="Antarktiku – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Antarktiku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A0rtidi" title="Antàrtidi – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antàrtidi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඇන්ටාක්ටිකාව – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇන්ටාක්ටිකාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="انٽارڪٽيڪا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انٽارڪٽيڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarkt%C3%ADda" title="Antarktída – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antarktída" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антарктїка – kyrkslaviska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Антарктїка" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkslaviska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktyda" title="Antarktyda – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Antarktyda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ئانتارکتیکا – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئانتارکتیکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Антарктик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антарктик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktik" title="Antarktik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antarktik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4manner" title="Etelämanner – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etelämanner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="அந்தாட்டிக்கா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அந்தாட்டிக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antraktika" title="Antraktika – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Antraktika" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartide" title="Antartide – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Antartide" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%88" title="ဢႅၼ်ႇတၢၵ်ႈတီးၵႃႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢႅၼ်ႇတၢၵ်ႈတီးၵႃႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="అంటార్కిటికా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంటార్కిటికా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Antártida" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ทวีปแอนตาร์กติกา – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวีปแอนตาร์กติกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAnet%C4%81tika" title="ʻAnetātika – tonganska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAnetātika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonganska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B8" title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸ – cherokesiska" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಅಂಟಾರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಂಟಾರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ntati%CC%B1ka" title="A̱ntati̱ka – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ntati̱ka" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Антарктида – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антарктида" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انٹارکٹکا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انٹارکٹکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ئانتاركتىدا – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئانتاركتىدا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namzgigcouh" title="Namzgigcouh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Namzgigcouh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A0rtide" title="Antàrtide – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Antàrtide" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktid" title="Antarktid – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Antarktid" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_Nam_C%E1%BB%B1c" title="Châu Nam Cực – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Châu Nam Cực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Antarktis" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartike" title="Antartike – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Antartike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" title="南極洲 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="南極洲" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Antarctica" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goxub_Dottub_B%C3%ABj-saalum" title="Goxub Dottub Bëj-saalum – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Goxub Dottub Bëj-saalum" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" title="南極洲 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南極洲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antakthika" title="Antakthika – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Antakthika" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="אנטארקטיקע – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנטארקטיקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rkt%C3%ACk%C3%A0" title="Antárktìkà – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Antárktìkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" title="南極洲 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南極洲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Antarktika" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartica" title="Antartica – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Antartica" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarkt%C4%97da" title="Antarktėda – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Antarktėda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南极洲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benua_Kutub_Kidul" title="Benua Kutub Kidul – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Benua Kutub Kidul" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Antartika" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%90_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥟᥦᥢᥱ ᥖᥣᥐ ᥖᥤᥱ ᥐᥣᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥟᥦᥢᥱ ᥖᥣᥐ ᥖᥤᥱ ᥐᥣᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktid%C9%99" title="Antarktidə – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Antarktidə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⵏⵜⴰⵔⴽⵜⵉⴽⴰ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⵜⴰⵔⴽⵜⵉⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antarktis" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Antarktis" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antarktis"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antarktis"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Antarktis" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Antarktis" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&oldid=56159854" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Antarktis&id=56159854&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntarktis"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntarktis"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Antarktis"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Antarktis&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategori:Antarktis" hreflang="sv"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Antarktis" hreflang="sv"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><div></div> <table class="infobox geography" style="width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Objektets namn (lokalt namn)"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #ffdead;">Antarktis </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow" title="Kategori"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffdead;">Kontinent </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellitbild av Antarktis sett från rymden."><img alt="Satellitbild av Antarktis sett från rymden." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg/256px-Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg/384px-Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg/512px-Antarctica_6400px_from_Blue_Marble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6400" data-file-height="6400" /></a></span></div><div style="padding-top:0.4em">Satellitbild av Antarktis sett från <a href="/wiki/Rymden" title="Rymden">rymden</a>.</div> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Land/länder där objektet ligger"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Landanspr%C3%A5k_p%C3%A5_Antarktis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landanspråk på Antarktis">Territoriella<br />anspråk</a> </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike"><img alt="Frankrike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lieland" title="Adélieland">Adélieland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_de_la_Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia de la Antártica Chilena">Antártica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Antártida Argentina">Antártida Argentina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien"><img alt="Australien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australiska_Antarktis" title="Australiska Antarktis">Australiska Antarktis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien"><img alt="Storbritannien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Antarktis" title="Brittiska Antarktis">Brittiska Antarktis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge"><img alt="Norge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Drottning_Mauds_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Drottning Mauds land">Drottning Mauds land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge"><img alt="Norge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_I:s_%C3%B6" title="Peter I:s ö">Peter I:s ö</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>),</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nya_Zeeland" title="Nya Zeeland"><img alt="Nya Zeeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nya_Zeeland" title="Nya Zeeland">Nya Zeeland</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Den högsta punktens namn"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;">Högsta punkt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinson_Massif" title="Vinson Massif">Vinson Massif</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Högsta punktens höjd över havet"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - höjdläge </td> <td>4 897 <a href="/wiki/Meter_%C3%B6ver_havet" title="Meter över havet">m ö.h.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Den lägsta punktens namn"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;">Lägsta punkt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bentleys_subglaci%C3%A4rgrav" title="Bentleys subglaciärgrav">Bentleys subglaciärgrav</a><br />dock täckt av stora mängder is </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Lägsta punktens höjd över havet"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - höjdläge </td> <td>2 540 <a href="/wiki/Meter_%C3%B6ver_havet" title="Meter över havet">m u.h</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Area"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a> </th> <td>14 000 000 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Area 1"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - Isfri areal </td> <td>280 000 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Total folkmängd (inom ortens gränser)"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Folkm%C3%A4ngd" title="Folkmängd">Folkmängd</a> </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Folkmängd 1"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - Permanenta invånare </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Folkmängd 2"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - Icke-permanenta<br />invånare (året runt) </td> <td>1 000 (cirka) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Folkmängd 3"> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"> - Icke-permanenta<br />invånare (sommar) </td> <td>4 000 (cirka) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Geonames"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;">Geonames </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sws.geonames.org/6255152">6255152</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <div style="width: 200px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: relative;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antarctica_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antarktis läge på jordklotet."><img alt="Antarktis läge på jordklotet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/400px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption> Antarktis läge på jordklotet. </figcaption></figure></div> </div> </div><div style="padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;"> Antarktis läge på jordklotet. </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Antarktis</b> är land- och havsområdena kring <a href="/wiki/Sydpolen" title="Sydpolen">Sydpolen</a>. Antarktis, som även är en egen <a href="/wiki/Djurgeografisk_region" title="Djurgeografisk region">djurgeografisk region</a> (<b>antarktiska regionen</b>), är till skillnad från <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a> en riktig <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsdelar_och_kontinenter" title="Världsdelar och kontinenter">kontinent</a> med en landmassa som ligger ovanför havsytan. Det är den enda kontinent som saknar bofast mänsklig befolkning, men det finns fler eller färre tillfälliga boende. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg/250px-Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg/375px-Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg/500px-Adelie_Penguins_on_iceberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9liepingvin" title="Adéliepingvin">Adéliepingvin</a> finns i Antarktis och har svenskt och vetenskapligt artnamn efter området <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lieland" title="Adélieland">Adélieland</a> i Antarktis.</figcaption></figure> <p>Namnet <i>Antarktis</i> är en <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinisering</a> av det <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> sammansatta ordet ἀνταρκτική, <i>antarktiké</i>, femininum av ἀνταρκτικός, <i>antarktikós</i><sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, som betyder "motsatsen till <i><a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a></i>, det vill säga "motsatsen till norr".<sup id="cite_ref-Hince_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hince-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> skrev i sitt verk om meteorologi, <i>Μετεωρολογικά</i>, om en <i>Antarktisk region</i>, cirka 350 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-Aristoteles_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aristoteles-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den grekiske eller feniciske kartografen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marinus_fr%C3%A5n_Tyros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marinus från Tyros [inte skriven än]">Marinus</a> från <a href="/wiki/Tyros" title="Tyros">Tyros</a> ska ha använt namnet i sin världskarta från <a href="/wiki/100" title="100">100-talet e.Kr.</a>, som inte finns bevarad. De romerska skriftställarna <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" title="Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Apuleius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Apuleius">Lucius Apuleius</a> använde under första och andra århundradet e.Kr. det latiniserade begreppet från grekiskan, <i>polus antarcticus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyginus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyginus-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Apuleius_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apuleius-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Från detta härrör <a href="/wiki/Fornfranska" title="Fornfranska">fornfranska</a> <i>pole antarktike</i> (1270 e.Kr.), som i modern tappning blivit <i>pôle antarctique</i>. Det lånades vidare till <a href="/wiki/Medelengelska" title="Medelengelska">medelengelskans</a> <i>pol antarktik</i> i en teknisk avhandling 1391 av den engelske poeten och diplomaten <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> och har i modern form blivit <i>Antarctic Pole</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaucer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaucer-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Innan namnet fick sin nuvarande geografiska <a href="/wiki/Konnotation" title="Konnotation">konnotation</a> användes begreppet också för andra platser som kunde beskrivas som "motsatsen till norr". Den franska kolonin i <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a> på 1500-talet, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franska_Antarktis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franska Antarktis [inte skriven än]">Franska Antarktis</a> (1555–1567), fick sitt namn utifrån detta tänkande. </p><p>Det första formella omnämnandet av kontinenten som "Antarktis" dokumenterar sig till 1890-talet och den skotske kartografen <a href="/wiki/John_George_Bartholomew" title="John George Bartholomew">John George Bartholomew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CAIRT_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAIRT-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBA-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I det svenska språket finns Antarktis dokumenterat i geografisk betydelse sedan 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-SAOB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAOB-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Detta avsnitt är en sammanfattning av <a href="/wiki/Antarktis_historia" title="Antarktis historia">Antarktis historia</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarktis_uppkomst">Antarktis uppkomst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Antarktis uppkomst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Antarktis uppkomst"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jorden har inte alltid sett likadan ut som den gör i dag. För ungefär 250 miljoner år sedan var världens alla kontinenter samlade i en enda<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2023-09)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> superkontinent, <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a>. Vid den här tiden tillhörde Antarktis den södra kontinenten <a href="/wiki/Gondwanaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondwanaland">Gondwanaland</a> tillsammans med andra kontinenter som <a href="/wiki/Sydamerika" title="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Arabiska halvön">Arabiska halvön</a>. Denna superkontinent låg inte vid Sydpolen, vilket gjorde att Antarktis inte var det islandskap som det är nu, utan en varm och tropisk kontinent med riklig växtlighet bebodd av massor av olika <a href="/wiki/Djurart" class="mw-redirect" title="Djurart">djurarter</a>, däribland <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurier" title="Dinosaurier">dinosaurier</a>. </p><p>För ungefär 100 miljoner år sedan kom jordens alla kontinenter att sakta röra sig ifrån varandra. Detta gav upphov till att kraftiga bergskedjor som <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> bildades, samt stora klimatförändringar. Antarktis skulle frigöras från <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a> och färdas sakta ner mot Sydpolen. Detta gjorde att Antarktis fick ett allt kallare klimat och stora ismassor växte till. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontinenten_upptäcks"><span id="Kontinenten_uppt.C3.A4cks"></span>Kontinenten upptäcks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kontinenten upptäcks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kontinenten upptäcks"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/190px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/285px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/380px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6131" data-file-height="7692" /></a><figcaption>Den brittiske <a href="/wiki/Kommend%C3%B6rkapten" title="Kommendörkapten">kommendörkaptenen</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> försökte redan år <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a> nå <a href="/wiki/Sydpolen" title="Sydpolen">Sydpolen</a> med sitt fartyg <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Resolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Resolution [inte skriven än]"><i>Resolution</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Med hänsyn till Antarktis geografiska läge tog det lång tid innan kontinenten upptäcktes. <a href="/wiki/Geograf" class="mw-redirect" title="Geograf">Geografer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Forskare" title="Forskare">forskare</a> hade dock i århundraden haft teorier om att en stor sydkontinent skulle existera. Detta antagande kallades för <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis (Incognita)</a></i>, ’det (okända) södra landet’, och fanns på europeiska kartor från <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a> ända till in på 1800-talet. Teorin fördes fram av den grekiske filosofen <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>, men det var först under <a href="/wiki/100-talet" title="100-talet">100-talet</a> som teorin utvidgades och uppmärksammades av geografen <a href="/wiki/Klaudios_Ptolemaios" title="Klaudios Ptolemaios">Klaudios Ptolemaios</a>. Denne var övertygad om att en stor sydlig kontinent täckte stora delar av <a href="/wiki/Indiska_oceanen" title="Indiska oceanen">Indiska oceanen</a>. Tanken om ett stort landområde nere i syd väckte stort intresse hos dåtida upptäcktsresande. Den brittiske upptäcktsresanden <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> försökte redan 1773 att nå <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a> med sitt fartyg <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Resolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Resolution [inte skriven än]">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a>. Cook nådde aldrig Antarktis, ty han sökte nå den från Stilla Havet där Antarktis kust ligger sydligare och hindrades av den tjocka packisen. </p><p>Flera försök att nå Antarktis gjordes efter Cook men man hindrades av det kalla stormiga havet. År 1820 var det den brittiske sjömannen <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Edward Bransfields</a> tur att försöka nå kontinentens fastland. Bransfield har noterat i sina anteckningar att man skymtade ett is- och snötäckt land. Bransfield och hans följeslagare landsteg dock inte på fastlandet, utan förde istället utförliga kartanteckningar över området. Ryssen <a href="/wiki/Fabian_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian von Bellingshausen">Fabian von Bellingshausen</a> var även han under samma period som Bransfield på expedition runt Antarktis kuster. Han fann ett flertal öar och delar av Antarktis, bland annat har havet <a href="/wiki/Bellingshausenhavet" title="Bellingshausenhavet">Bellingshausenhavet</a> uppkallats efter honom. Den tredje i raden av upptäcktsresande på 1820-talet var segelfartygskaptenen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Brown_Palmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Brown Palmer [inte skriven än]">Nathaniel Brown Palmer</a>. Hans syfte med resan till Antarktis var, liksom för många andra resenärer, till största delen den stora efterfrågan på <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A4lskinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sälskinn [inte skriven än]">sälskinn</a>. Palmer reste med fartyget <i>Hero</i> och utforskade främst södra delen av <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Antarktiska halvön">Antarktiska halvön</a> 1820–1822. Han blev, tillsammans med sina medresenärer, de första amerikanerna att upptäcka Antarktiska halvön. Deras expedition blev lyckad då de fann ett flertal öar längs kusterna, bland annat <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Land" title="Palmer Land">Palmer Land</a>, vilken upptäcktes den 16 november 1820 och uppkallades efter Nathaniel Palmer. I februari 1823 upptäckte britten <a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">James Weddell</a> <a href="/wiki/Weddellhavet" title="Weddellhavet">Weddellhavet</a> efter att ha seglat med sitt valfångstfartyg på <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_oceanen" title="Antarktiska oceanen">Antarktiska oceanen</a>. </p><p>Antarktis hade nu upptäckts av både <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">val</a>- och <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4l" class="mw-redirect" title="Säl">säljägare</a>. Den första iakttagelsen av fastlandet Antarktis kan inte exakt tillskrivas en enda person. Känt är att en amerikansk säljägare gjorde den första kända landstigningen på kontinenten 1821. Rykten och rapporter började sedan, på 1830-talet, att sprida sig bland världens länder att en stor kontinent var belägen vid Sydpolen. Detta medförde att flera länder skickade iväg forskningsexpeditioner med förhoppningen att upptäcka nya landområden. Bland dessa kan <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Charles Wilkes</a> och <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%E2%80%99Urville" title="Jules Dumont d’Urville">Jules Dumont d’Urville</a> nämnas. De fann en rad betydelsefulla öar och kustområden. Ross påbörjade sin resa till Sydpolen den 29 september 1839 med två fartyg. Han namngav ett flertal landområden vid Antarktis som han själv hade upptäckt. Han upptäckte <a href="/wiki/Rosshavet" title="Rosshavet">Rosshavet</a> och gjorde en stor utforskning av <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Land">Victoria Land</a>. Han fann även två vulkaner på <a href="/wiki/Ross%C3%B6n_(Antarktis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossön (Antarktis)">Rossön</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Terror" title="Mount Terror">Mount Terror</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mount_Erebus" title="Mount Erebus">Mount Erebus</a>, vilka han namngav efter sina båda fartyg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Detta avsnitt är en sammanfattning av <a href="/wiki/Antarktis_geografi" title="Antarktis geografi">Antarktis geografi</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Den antarktiska kontinenten ligger till den största delen inom <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_polcirkeln" title="Södra polcirkeln">södra polcirkeln</a> (cirka 66:e <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">breddgraden</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-A_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-B_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Med ungefär 14 miljoner km²<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> är Antarktis större än <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. En exakt storlek är svår att fastställa. Landmassor och angränsande havsområden ligger under isen som kontinuerligt ändrar storlek. Den växer efter snöfall och blir mindre när <a href="/wiki/Isberg" title="Isberg">isberg</a> bryts loss. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Transantarktiska_bergen" title="Transantarktiska bergen">Transantarktiska bergen</a> delar kontinenten i en mindre västlig och en betydligt större östlig del. Den högsta bergskedjan är <i>Vinsonmassivet</i> med berget <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Vinson">Mount Vinson</a> som är 4 897 meter högt. Djupaste punkten som är täckt med is ligger 2 538 meter under havsytan. Runt om Antarktis sträcker sig den <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_oceanen" title="Antarktiska oceanen">Antarktiska oceanen</a>, vilken består av allt hav söder om 60:e sydliga breddgraden. Den närmast liggande punkten på en annan kontinent är sydspetsen av <a href="/wiki/Sydamerika" title="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kap_Horn" title="Kap Horn">Kap Horn</a>, som ligger ungefär på 55:e sydliga breddgraden, eller omkring 1000 km från nordspetsen av antarktiska halvön, ungefär på samma avstånd som <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A5gelv%C3%A4gen" title="Fågelvägen">fågelvägen</a> mellan <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:061212-nordkapp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/061212-nordkapp.jpg/150px-061212-nordkapp.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/061212-nordkapp.jpg/225px-061212-nordkapp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/061212-nordkapp.jpg/300px-061212-nordkapp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="961" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg/150px-Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg/225px-Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg/300px-Fryxellsee_Opt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg/150px-Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg/225px-Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg/300px-Mount_Erebus_Aerial_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg/150px-Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg/225px-Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg/300px-Aurore_australe_-_Aurora_australis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indelning">Indelning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Indelning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Indelning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indelningen av Antarktis sker i stora områden, <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">hav</a> och <a href="/wiki/Shelfis" title="Shelfis">shelfis</a>: </p><p><b>Områden</b>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Austral-Ice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Austral-Ice.jpg/250px-Austral-Ice.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Austral-Ice.jpg/375px-Austral-Ice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Austral-Ice.jpg/500px-Austral-Ice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>En glaciär på den Antarktiska halvön.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Antarktiska halvön">Antarktiska halvön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelie_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelie Land">Adelie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coats_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Coats land">Coats land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronning_Maud_Land" title="Dronning Maud Land">Dronning Maud Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enderby_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Enderby land">Enderby land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_Land" title="George V Land">George V Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Byrd_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Byrd Land">Marie Byrd Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuschwabenland" title="Neuschwabenland">Neuschwabenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_Land" title="Wilkes Land">Wilkes Land</a></li></ul> <p><b>Hav</b>: (randhav till <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_oceanen" title="Antarktiska oceanen">Antarktiska oceanen</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotiahavet" title="Scotiahavet">Scotiahavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddellhavet" title="Weddellhavet">Weddellhavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosshavet" title="Rosshavet">Rosshavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsenhavet" title="Amundsenhavet">Amundsenhavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausenhavet" title="Bellingshausenhavet">Bellingshausenhavet</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Antarktis_shelfisomr%C3%A5den" title="Antarktis shelfisområden">Shelfisområden</a></b>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_shelfis" title="Ross shelfis">Ross shelfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsens_shelfis" title="Riiser-Larsens shelfis">Riiser-Larsens shelfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filchner-R%C3%B8nnes_shelfis" title="Filchner-Rønnes shelfis">Filchner-Rønnes shelfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsens_shelfis" title="Larsens shelfis">Larsens shelfis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isen">Isen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Isen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Isen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inlandsisen">Inlandsisen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Inlandsisen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Inlandsisen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Speciellt för Antarktis är att kontinenten är nästan helt täckt av <a href="/wiki/Is" title="Is">is</a>. Den antarktiska <a href="/wiki/Inlandsis" title="Inlandsis">inlandsisen</a> som är upp till 4 500 meter tjock innehåller omkring 90 procent av världens is och 60 procent av världens sötvattenreserver.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bara 280 000 km² (2 procent) av kontinentens yta är isfri, och består av områden med låg nederbörd eller bergskedjor som sticker upp genom isen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isberg">Isberg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Isberg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Isberg"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Då och då lossnar stora tillplattade <a href="/wiki/Isberg" title="Isberg">isberg</a> från shelfisen som flyter några tusen kilometer ut i havet. Det tar ibland många år tills ett stort isberg smälter helt. Ofta bryts ett isberg i många mindre delar under sin tid på havet. Den 30 april 1894 siktade man ett isberg i <a href="/wiki/Sydatlanten" title="Sydatlanten">Sydatlanten</a> vid <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=sv&pagename=Antarktis&params=26_30_S_25_40_W_region:_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kartor, flygfoton och andra data för denna plats"><span class="latitude">26°30′S</span> <span class="longitude">25°40′V</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kartor, flygfoton och andra data för denna plats">26.500°S 25.667°V</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-26.500; -25.667</span></span></span></a></span>, vilket är den nordligaste positionen som ett isberg från Antarktis har siktats på. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimat">Klimat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Klimat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Klimat"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hannah-Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hannah-Point.jpg/250px-Hannah-Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hannah-Point.jpg/375px-Hannah-Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hannah-Point.jpg/500px-Hannah-Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption> Strand med pingviner</figcaption></figure> <p>Vädret på Antarktis skiljer sig på många sätt från <a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">klimat</a> på andra kontinenter. Kontinenten är: </p> <ul><li>den <i>kallaste</i> (I kontinentens mitt är <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medeltemperatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medeltemperatur [inte skriven än]">medeltemperaturen</a> −55 °C. Vid kusterna ligger temperaturen under vintern (juni) omkring −18 °C och under sommaren (januari) något över noll. Den 10 december 2013 presenterades ett nytt världs-köldrekord uppmätt med satellit, vid den norska delen <i>Valkyriedomen</i> på –94,7 °C, och innan dess stod sig det föregående rekordet på −89,2 °C vid den <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetiska</a> forskningsstationen <a href="/wiki/Vostok_(forskningsstation)" title="Vostok (forskningsstation)">Vostok</a> sedan den <a href="/wiki/21_juli" title="21 juli">21 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>den <i>nederbördsfattigaste</i> (vanligtvis faller nederbörd i Antarktis som <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%B6" title="Snö">snö</a>). I kontinentens mitt ligger det årliga genomsnittet vid 40 <a href="/wiki/Liter" title="Liter">liter</a> per kvadratmeter (40 millimeter). Enligt definitionen är sådana områden att beteckna som <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ken" title="Öken">öken</a>. Den låga temperaturen håller avdunstningen nere. Vid kusterna är nederbörden betydligt större.) och</li> <li>den <i>blåsigaste</i> (I juli <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> mättes vid den franska stationen <i>Dumont d’Urville</i> en vindhastighet på 327 kilometer i timmen, det vill säga 91 meter per sekund.)</li></ul> <p>Klimatet på Antarktis är betydligt kallare än klimatet på motsvarande breddgrader på det <a href="/wiki/Norra_halvklotet" title="Norra halvklotet">norra halvklotet</a>. Detta beror till stor del på att det inte finns någon varm havsström liknande <a href="/wiki/Nordatlantiska_str%C3%B6mmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordatlantiska strömmen">Nordatlantiska strömmen</a> som ger ett varmare klimat, men också på att Antarktis är en kontinent. Detta innebär att de inre delarna klimatmässigt blir mer isolerade från omvärlden än motsvarande delar av <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a>. </p><p>Som jämförelse är årsmedeltemperaturen längst norrut på den <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Antarktiska halvön">antarktiska halvön</a> jämförbar med den på <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, och då är de nordligaste delarna av antarktiska halvön belägna ungefär på samma breddgrad som till exempel <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> är på det <a href="/wiki/Norra_halvklotet" title="Norra halvklotet">norra halvklotet</a>, och då har Umeå dessutom en betydligt högre årsmedeltemperatur än många städer i sydligaste <a href="/wiki/Sydamerika" title="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</a>. </p><p>I Antarktis mitt blir det aldrig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plusgrader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plusgrader [inte skriven än]">plusgrader</a> och den allra högsta temperaturen som hittills uppmätts på den geografiska sydpolen, vid <a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott-basen" title="Amundsen–Scott-basen">Amundsen–Scott-basen</a>, är cirka −13 °C. </p><p>Antarktis är även den enda kontinenten på hela jorden som har en av människan så gott som orörd natur, vilken även skyddas av <a href="/wiki/Antarktisf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Antarktisfördraget">Antarktisfördraget</a>. Trots klimatet är Antarktis ett populärt turistmål under sommarsäsongen, bland annat tack vare den orörda naturen. Dock är det förhållandevis dyrt att resa hit, mycket på grund av all logistik och alla förberedelser som krävs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_och_fauna">Flora och fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Flora och fauna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Flora och fauna"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emperor_penguin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Emperor_penguin.jpg/150px-Emperor_penguin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Emperor_penguin.jpg/225px-Emperor_penguin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Emperor_penguin.jpg/300px-Emperor_penguin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Kejsarpingviner</figcaption></figure> <p>I havet runt Antarktis lever ett stort antal <a href="/wiki/Antarktisk_krill" title="Antarktisk krill">krill</a> (<i>Euphausia superba</i>) och annat <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">zooplankton</a> som bildar basen i matkedjan för <a href="/wiki/Fiskar" title="Fiskar">fiskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4ckfisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bläckfisk">bläckfiskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner">pingviner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">valar</a> och <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4lar" title="Sälar">sälar</a>. </p><p>Cirkumpolärt utefter kusten häckar två pingvinarter, <a href="/wiki/Kejsarpingvin" title="Kejsarpingvin">kejsarpingvinen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Adeliepingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Adeliepingvin">adeliepingvinen</a>. Den <a href="/wiki/Sydgeorgisk_pipl%C3%A4rka" title="Sydgeorgisk piplärka">sydgeorgiska piplärkan</a>, <i>Anthus antarcticus</i>, är endemisk för Antarktis och förekommer enbart i gräsmarker i <a href="/wiki/Sydgeorgien" title="Sydgeorgien">Sydgeorgien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men det finns 18 andra fågelarter som häckar på Antarktis. Deras bon ligger på <a href="/wiki/Nunatak" title="Nunatak">nunataker</a>, isfria berg som sticker upp ur isen. På sommaren kommer mer än 100 miljoner <a href="/wiki/Flyttf%C3%A5gel" title="Flyttfågel">flyttfåglar</a> till området och de lever på isflaken och på de närliggande öarna. Sälarter i Antarktis är till exempel <a href="/wiki/Weddells%C3%A4l" title="Weddellsäl">weddellsälen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krabb%C3%A4tars%C3%A4l" title="Krabbätarsäl">krabbätarsälen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6leopard" title="Sjöleopard">sjöleoparden</a>. Runt kontinenten lever några av de största valarterna. </p><p>I motsats till det rika livet i oceanen är kontinentens mitt nästan tomt på organismer. På isfria områden som kallas <a href="/wiki/Antarktisk_oas" title="Antarktisk oas">antarktiska oaser</a> växer <a href="/wiki/Mossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mossa">mossor</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lav" class="mw-redirect" title="Lav">lavar</a>. Antarktis hyser endast två <a href="/wiki/Blomv%C3%A4xter" title="Blomväxter">blomväxter</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Colobanthus_quitensis" title="Colobanthus quitensis">Colobanthus quitensis</a></i> och <i><a href="/wiki/Deschampsia_antarctica" title="Deschampsia antarctica">Deschampsia antarctica</a></i>. Det största landdjuret som lever permanent på Antarktis är en 6 millimeter stor <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4dermygga" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjädermygga">fjädermygga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Belgica_antarctica" title="Belgica antarctica">Belgica antarctica</a></i>) som saknar vingar.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandro_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandro-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styre_och_politik">Styre och politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Styre och politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Styre och politik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territoriella_anspråk"><span id="Territoriella_anspr.C3.A5k"></span>Territoriella anspråk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Territoriella anspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Territoriella anspråk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Detta avsnitt är en sammanfattning av <a href="/wiki/Landanspr%C3%A5k_p%C3%A5_Antarktis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landanspråk på Antarktis">Landanspråk på Antarktis</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antarctica.CIA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Antarctica.CIA.svg/250px-Antarctica.CIA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Antarctica.CIA.svg/375px-Antarctica.CIA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Antarctica.CIA.svg/500px-Antarctica.CIA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Territoriella anspråk på Antarktis</figcaption></figure> <p>Flera stater ställde under 1900-talet territoriella anspråk på Antarktis. Efter <a href="/wiki/Antarktisf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Antarktisfördraget">Antarktisfördraget</a> saknar dessa anspråk praktiskt betydelse. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Argentinska_Antarktis" title="Argentinska Antarktis">Argentinska Antarktis</a> (25–74° V), utropat <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australiska_Antarktis" title="Australiska Antarktis">Australiska Antarktis</a> (160–142° Ö samt 136–45° Ö), proklamerat <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a>: intressezon 28–53° V, utropad <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chilenska_Antarktis" title="Chilenska Antarktis">Chilenska Antarktis</a> (53–90° V), utropat <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franska_sydterritorierna" title="Franska sydterritorierna">Franska sydterritorierna</a> (142–136° Ö), utropade <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norska_Antarktis" title="Norska Antarktis">Norska Antarktis</a> (45° Ö–20° V), proklamerat <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nya_Zeeland" title="Nya Zeeland">Nya Zeeland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> (150°V–160° Ö), utropat <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>: <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkland Islands Dependencies">Falkland Islands Dependencies</a>, utropat <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Antarktis" title="Brittiska Antarktis">Brittiska Antarktis</a> (20–80° V), utropat <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lagar">Lagar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Lagar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Lagar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eftersom Antarktis inte har någon egen lagstiftande församling och inte tillhör något land, kan man tro att inga lagar och inga domstolar finns. Men i praktiken gäller lagar från de olika basernas hemländer, ungefär som på fartyg till sjöss. Många länder med baser har också lagar som uttryckligen skyddar naturen i Antarktis. <a href="/wiki/Antarktisf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Antarktisfördraget">Antarktisfördraget</a> innehåller sådana skyddsregler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekonomi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På Antarktis har man hittat ett stort antal naturrikedomar, till exempel <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">järn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">koppar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld">guld</a> och <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>. Här finns dessutom <a href="/wiki/Kol_(br%C3%A4nsle)" title="Kol (bränsle)">kol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> och <a href="/wiki/Naturgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturgas">naturgas</a>, men i Antarktisfördraget är fastlagt att ingen får utvinna något av detta. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fiske" title="Fiske">Fiskebolag</a> hade 1998/1999 en officiell fångst från 120 000 ton i <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_oceanen" title="Antarktiska oceanen">Antarktiska oceanen</a>. Tillsammans med den illegala fångsten är mängden troligtvis flera gånger större. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turism" title="Turism">Turism</a> till Antarktis får en allt större omfattning. På grund av de stora förberedelser och höga kostnader (upp emot 40 000 kronor) som krävs är det mestadels välbeställda personer som kan resa hit. Ändå ökade antalet turister med 13 000 personer från säsongen <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>/1991 till säsongen <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>/2003. <a href="/wiki/Kryssningsfartyg" title="Kryssningsfartyg">Kryssningsfartyg</a> föredrar Antarktiska halvön, som har höga berg. Detta område ligger dessutom närmast de permanent bebodda platserna i sydligaste Sydamerika, däribland staden <a href="/wiki/Ushuaia" title="Ushuaia">Ushuaia</a>, där det finns en stor hamn och en <a href="/wiki/Internationell_flygplats" title="Internationell flygplats">internationell flygplats</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kommunikationer">Kommunikationer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kommunikationer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kommunikationer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På Antarktis fastland finns inga permanenta <a href="/wiki/Flygf%C3%A4lt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flygfält">flygfält</a> och de enda tre fasta flygfält som förekommer ligger på <a href="/wiki/King_George_Island" title="King George Island">King George Island</a> (se <a href="/wiki/Teniente_R._Marsh_Airport" title="Teniente R. Marsh Airport">Teniente R. Marsh Airport</a>), på <a href="/wiki/Seymour%C3%B6n" title="Seymourön">Seymourön</a> (vid <a href="/wiki/Marambio_(forskningsstation)" title="Marambio (forskningsstation)">Marambiobasen</a>) samt på <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Island_(%C3%B6_i_Antarktis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide Island (ö i Antarktis)">Adelaide Island</a> (vid stationen <a href="/wiki/Rothera_(forskningsstation)" title="Rothera (forskningsstation)">Rothera</a>). Flygplan med skidor istället för hjul kan landa på utvalda platser på inlandsisen. Endast en procent av fastlandets is- och snöytor är lämpliga för mindre vanliga flygplan med hjul.<sup id="cite_ref-Riffenburgh13_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riffenburgh13-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Demografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg/250px-Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg/375px-Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg/500px-Fieldwork-Melnik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Fältarbete</figcaption></figure> <p>Antarktis har inga permanenta invånare, på de olika <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_forskningsstationer_i_Antarktis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista över forskningsstationer i Antarktis">forskningsstationerna</a> lever däremot varje sommar mer än 4 000 och året runt omkring 1 000 personer. Fram till 2009 hade elva barn fötts på kontinenten.<sup id="cite_ref-RCBE_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCBE-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CdDdlS_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CdDdlS-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Emilio Marcos Palma</i>, född <a href="/wiki/7_januari" title="7 januari">7 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> på <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_(forskningsstation)" title="Esperanza (forskningsstation)">Esperanzabasen</a> i argentinska territoriet på Antarktis, är den först dokumenterade person som blivit född på kontinenten.<sup id="cite_ref-Exploresgazette_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exploresgazette-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bone_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bone-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1986–1987 föddes en pojke och en flicka på den chilenska stationen. </p><p>I området söder om den sextionde breddgraden på södra halvklotet finns idag 82 forskningsstationer, däribland 37 stationer som används hela året och 36 stationer som bara bedrivs under sommaren. Den största stationen är <i><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>) som liknar en stad. Mycket känd är också <i><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott-basen" title="Amundsen–Scott-basen">Amundsen–Scott-basen</a></i> (USA) som ligger direkt på den geografiska Sydpolen. Den japanska permanenta forskningsstationen <a href="/wiki/Syowa" title="Syowa">Syowa</a> är känd genom <a href="/wiki/Popul%C3%A4rkultur" title="Populärkultur">populärkulturen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a> har två stationer på Antarktis som heter <a href="/wiki/Wasa_(forskningsstation)" title="Wasa (forskningsstation)"><i>Wasa</i></a> och <a href="/wiki/Svea_(forskningsstation)" title="Svea (forskningsstation)"><i>Svea</i></a> och som är belägna i den sektor Norge gör anspråk på, <a href="/wiki/Drottning_Mauds_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Drottning Mauds land">Drottning Mauds land</a>. Stationen Wasa ligger bara några hundra meter från den <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">finländska</a> forskningsstationen <i><a href="/wiki/Aboa" title="Aboa">Aboa</a></i>. De svenska stationerna förvaltas av <a href="/wiki/Polarforskningssekretariatet" title="Polarforskningssekretariatet">Polarforskningssekretariatet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Framtid_och_risker">Framtid och risker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Framtid och risker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Framtid och risker"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarktis_framtid">Antarktis framtid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Antarktis framtid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Antarktis framtid"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I förhållande till övriga kontinenter är Antarktis miljö god, vilket beror på dess isolerade läge. Sedan <a href="/wiki/Antarktisf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Antarktisfördraget">Antarktisfördraget</a> undertecknades den 1 december 1959 har totalförbud för kommersiell exploatering fastslagits. Trots detta har kontinenten till viss del skadats av mänsklig påverkan. Forskare och upptäcktsresande har under åren varit tvungna att bygga olika former av bostäder och forskningsstationer. Detta har gjort att landskapet utsatts för avfall som kan vara skadligt för både djur och natur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ozonlagret" title="Ozonlagret">Ozonlagrets</a> uttunning är ett allvarligt hot mot Antarktis miljö, som beror på mänsklig påverkan av att använda <a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">freoner</a>. Detta stör även djurlivet på Antarktis då tillgången på föda minskar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effekten_på_den_globala_uppvärmningen"><span id="Effekten_p.C3.A5_den_globala_uppv.C3.A4rmningen"></span>Effekten på den globala uppvärmningen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitt: Effekten på den globala uppvärmningen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Effekten på den globala uppvärmningen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r46404281/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:234px;max-width:234px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Antarktisk temperatur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg/230px-AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg/345px-AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg/460px-AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Uppvärmningstrend från 1957 till 2006.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006a.jpg/230px-AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006a.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/AntarcticaTemps_1957-2006a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>En del av Antarktis har värmts upp; särskilt stark uppvärmning har noterats på Antarktishalvön. En studie av Eric Steig som publicerades 2009 konstaterade för första gången att den kontinentbredda genomsnittliga yttemperaturtrenden i Antarktis är något positiv vid >0,05 °C per decennium från 1957 till 2006. Denna studie noterade också att västra Antarktis har värmts med mer än 0,1 °C per decennium under de senaste 50 åren, och denna uppvärmning är starkast på vintern och våren. Detta kompenseras delvis av höstkylning i östra Antarktis.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det finns bevis från en studie om att Antarktis värms upp som ett resultat av mänskliga koldioxidutsläpp,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men detta förblir tvetydigt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mängden ytvärmning i Västantarktis, även om den är stor, har inte lett till någon märkbar smältning vid ytan och påverkar inte den västantarktiska inlandsisens bidrag till havsnivån. Istället tros de senaste ökningarna av glaciärutflödet bero på ett inflöde av varmt vatten från djuphavet, precis utanför kontinentalsockeln.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nettobidraget till havsnivån från Antarktishalvön är mer troligtvis ett direkt resultat av den mycket större atmosfäriska uppvärmningen där.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2002 kollapsade Antarktishalvöns <a href="/wiki/Larsens_shelfis" title="Larsens shelfis">Larsens shelfis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mellan 28 februari och 8 mars 2008 kollapsade cirka 570 km<sup>2</sup> is från <a href="/wiki/Wilkins_shelfis" title="Wilkins shelfis">Wilkins shelfis</a> på den sydvästra delen av halvön, vilket sätter de återstående 15 000 km<sup>2</sup> av shelfisen i riskzonen. Isen hölls tillbaka av en cirka 6 km bred "tråd" av is,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> innan den kollapsade den 5 april 2009. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> inträffade den mest utbredda ytsmältningen i Antarktis under de senaste 30 åren 2005, då ett område med is som är jämförbart i storlek till Kalifornien kort smält och fryst; detta kan ha resulterat i temperaturer som stiger till så högt som 5 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En studie publicerad i <i>Nature Geoscience</i> 2013 (online i december 2012) identifierade centrala västra Antarktis som en av de snabbast uppvärmande regionerna på jorden. Forskarna presenterade kompletta temperaturdata från <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Station" title="Byrd Station">Byrd Station</a> och hävdar att dessa "avslöjar en linjär ökning av den årliga temperaturen mellan 1958 och 2010 på 2,4 ± 1,2 °C".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ozonhål"><span id="Ozonh.C3.A5l"></span>Ozonhål</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ozonhål" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ozonhål"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png/250px-NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png/375px-NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png/500px-NASA_and_NOAA_Announce_Ozone_Hole_is_a_Double_Record_Breaker.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Bild över det dittills största ozonhålet i Antarktis, fotograferat av NASA i september 2006.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ozonh%C3%A5l" title="Ozonhål">Ozonhål</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Det finns ett stort område med låg ozonkoncentration eller "ozonhål" över Antarktis. Detta hål täcker nästan hela kontinenten och var som störst i september 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hålet upptäcktes av forskare 1985<sup id="cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schiermeier2009-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och har tenderat att öka under observationsåren. Ozonhålet tillskrivs utsläpp av klorfluorkolväten eller <a href="/wiki/Klorfluorkarboner" title="Klorfluorkarboner">klorfluorkarboner</a> i atmosfären, som sönderdelar ozonet i andra gaser.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vissa vetenskapliga studier tyder på att ozonnedbrytning kan ha en dominerande roll för att reglera klimatförändringar i Antarktis (och ett bredare område på södra halvklotet).<sup id="cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schiermeier2009-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ozon absorberar stora mängder ultraviolett strålning i stratosfären. Ozonnedbrytning över Antarktis kan orsaka en kylning av cirka 6 ° C i den lokala stratosfären. Denna kylning har effekten att intensifiera de västliga vindarna som flyter runt kontinenten (den polära virveln) och förhindrar således utströmning av den kalla luften nära Sydpolen. Som ett resultat hålls den kontinentala massan av den öst-antarktiska isarken vid lägre temperaturer, och de perifera områdena på Antarktis, särskilt den Antarktiska halvön, utsätts för högre temperaturer, vilket främjar snabbare smältning.<sup id="cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schiermeier2009-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modeller antyder också att ozonnedbrytningen/den förbättrade polära virveleffekten också står för den senaste tidens ökning av havsis strax utanför kontinentens kust.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%A5glar_i_antarktiska_regionen" title="Kategori:Fåglar i antarktiska regionen">Kategori:Fåglar i antarktiska regionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydpolen" title="Sydpolen">Sydpolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarktisf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Antarktisfördraget">Antarktisfördraget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2404_Antarctica" title="2404 Antarctica">2404 Antarctica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Liddell-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLiddellScott">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%239514">”Antarktikos”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>A Greek–English Lexicon</span></i>. Tufts University<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%239514">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%239514</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Antarktikos&rft.atitle=A+Greek%E2%80%93English+Lexicon&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft.au=Liddell%2C+Henry+George&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rft.pub=Tufts+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%25239514&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hince-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Hince_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHince2000">Hince, Bernadette (2000) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=antarctica+opposite+of+north+greek">The Antarctic Dictionary</a></i>. CSIRO Publishing. sid. 6. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-9577471-1-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-9577471-1-1">ISBN 978-0-9577471-1-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=antarctica+opposite+of+north+greek">https://books.google.com/?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=antarctica+opposite+of+north+greek</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antarctic+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Hince&rft.aufirst=Bernadette&rft.au=Hince%2C+Bernadette&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B6&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-0-9577471-1-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DlJd8_owUxFEC%26pg%3DPA6%26lpg%3DPA6%26dq%3Dantarctica%2Bopposite%2Bof%2Bnorth%2Bgreek&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aristoteles-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Aristoteles_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFAristoteles1923">Aristoteles (1923) [350 f.Kr.] (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.2.ii.html">Meteorologica</a></i>. Clarendon Press, Oxford. sid. 140<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.2.ii.html">http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.2.ii.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meteorologica&rft.aulast=Aristoteles&rft.au=Aristoteles&rft.date=1923&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B140&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press%2C+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FAristotle%2Fmeteorology.2.ii.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyginus-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Hyginus_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHyginus1992">Hyginus (1992). G. Viré. red (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GlWM1eMefB8C&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage">De astronomia</a></i>. Stuttgart: Teubner. sid. 176<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GlWM1eMefB8C&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage">https://books.google.com/books?id=GlWM1eMefB8C&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+astronomia&rft.aulast=Hyginus&rft.au=Hyginus&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B176&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Teubner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGlWM1eMefB8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apuleius-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Apuleius_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFApuleii1825">Apuleii (1825) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ8MAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage">Opera omnia, Volumen tertium</a></i>. London: Valpy. sid. 544<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ8MAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage">https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ8MAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opera+omnia%2C+Volumen+tertium&rft.aulast=Apuleii&rft.au=Apuleii&rft.date=1825&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B544&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Valpy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMJ8MAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaucer-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Chaucer_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFG._Chaucer1872_(original_cirka_1391)">G. Chaucer (1872 (original cirka 1391)) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art-bin.com/art/oastro.html">A Treatise on the Astrolabe</a></i>. London: N. Trübner. sid. 188<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://art-bin.com/art/oastro.html">http://art-bin.com/art/oastro.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+the+Astrolabe&rft.aulast=G.+Chaucer&rft.au=G.+Chaucer&rft.date=1872+%28original+cirka+1391%29&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B188&rft.place=London&rft.pub=N.+Tr%C3%BCbner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart-bin.com%2Fart%2Foastro.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAIRT-7"><a href="#cite_ref-CAIRT_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal">”John George Bartholomew and the naming of Antarctica” (på engelska). <i>CAIRT</i> (National Library of Scotland) (13). juli 2008. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1477-4186">1477-4186</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+George+Bartholomew+and+the+naming+of+Antarctica&rft.jtitle=CAIRT&rft.date=juli+2008&rft.issue=13&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Scotland&rft.issn=1477-4186&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBA-8"><a href="#cite_ref-TBA_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.nls.uk/bartholomew/highlights/antarctica.html">”The Bartholomew Archive”</a> (på engelska)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://digital.nls.uk/bartholomew/highlights/antarctica.html">http://digital.nls.uk/bartholomew/highlights/antarctica.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Bartholomew+Archive&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.nls.uk%2Fbartholomew%2Fhighlights%2Fantarctica.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAOB-9"><a href="#cite_ref-SAOB_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><i><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademiens_ordbok" title="Svenska Akademiens ordbok">Svenska Akademiens ordbok</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=Antarktisk">Antarktisk</a> (tryckår 1900) </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A-10"><a href="#cite_ref-A_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html">World Fact Book, CIA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225211652/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html">Arkiverad</a> 25 december 2018 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. (läst 4 december 2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B-11"><a href="#cite_ref-B_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/islands_oceans_poles/antarctic_region_pol_2005.pdf">Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, UTL</a> (läst 4 december 2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C-12"><a href="#cite_ref-C_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polardiscovery.whoi.edu/antarctica/geography.html">Polar Discovery</a> (läst 4 december 2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5ly46ftol?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html#People">”CIA - The World Factbook -- Antarctica”</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html#People">originalet</a> den 12 december 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5ly46ftol?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html#People">https://www.webcitation.org/5ly46ftol?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html#People</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 december 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CIA+-+The+World+Factbook+--+Antarctica&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BCIA%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2F5ly46ftol%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fay.html%23People&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bas.ac.uk/about/antarctica/geography/ice/">"Ice"</a>, British Antarctic Survey, läst 13 september 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071147/http://www.tv4play.se/program/nyhetsmorgon?video_id=2505842">”TV4play om det nya köldrekordet”</a> (på engelska) (video). TV4. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv4play.se/program/nyhetsmorgon?video_id=2505842">originalet</a> den 5 mars 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071147/http://www.tv4play.se/program/nyhetsmorgon?video_id=2505842">https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071147/http://www.tv4play.se/program/nyhetsmorgon?video_id=2505842</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 januari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=TV4play+om+det+nya+k%C3%B6ldrekordet&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=TV4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160305071147%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv4play.se%2Fprogram%2Fnyhetsmorgon%3Fvideo_id%3D2505842&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/nytt-rekord-minus-947-grader/">”Nytt rekord: Minus 94,7 grader”</a> (på engelska). EXPRESSEN<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/nytt-rekord-minus-947-grader/">http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/nytt-rekord-minus-947-grader/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 januari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nytt+rekord%3A+Minus+94%2C7+grader&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=EXPRESSEN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressen.se%2Fnyheter%2Fnytt-rekord-minus-947-grader%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150423/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/varlden/1.2205365-snorkel-raddar-liv-i-kylan">”Snorkel räddar liv i kylan”</a> (på engelska). Göteborgs-Posten. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gp.se/nyheter/varlden/1.2205365-snorkel-raddar-liv-i-kylan">originalet</a> den 5 mars 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150423/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/varlden/1.2205365-snorkel-raddar-liv-i-kylan">https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150423/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/varlden/1.2205365-snorkel-raddar-liv-i-kylan</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 januari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Snorkel+r%C3%A4ddar+liv+i+kylan&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=G%C3%B6teborgs-Posten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160305150423%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.gp.se%2Fnyheter%2Fvarlden%2F1.2205365-snorkel-raddar-liv-i-kylan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC-18"><a href="#cite_ref-CC_18-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFClements,_J._F.,_T._S._Schulenberg,_M._J._Iliff,_D._Roberson,_T._A._Fredericks,_B._L._Sullivan,_C._L._Wood2015">Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download">http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download ”The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015”</a> (på engelska)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download">http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download">http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2007). ”Widespread acceleration of tidewater glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula”. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i> 112. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2006JF000597">10.1029/2006JF000597</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Widespread+acceleration+of+tidewater+glaciers+on+the+Antarctic+Peninsula&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.aulast=Pritchard%2C+H.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+H.&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2006JF000597&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFGlasser,_Neil2008">Glasser, Neil (10 februari 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210100441.htm">”Antarctic Ice Shelf Collapse Blamed On More Than Climate Change”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210100441.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210100441.htm</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Antarctic+Ice+Shelf+Collapse+Blamed+On+More+Than+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Glasser%2C+Neil&rft.au=Glasser%2C+Neil&rft.date=10+februari+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2008%2F02%2F080210100441.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225802/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/03/25/antartica.collapse.ap/index.html">”Huge Antarctic ice chunk collapses”</a>. <i><span>CNN.com</span></i>. Cable News Network. 25 mars 2008. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/03/25/antartica.collapse.ap/index.html">originalet</a> den 29 mars 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225802/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/03/25/antartica.collapse.ap/index.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225802/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/03/25/antartica.collapse.ap/index.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 mars 2008</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Huge+Antarctic+ice+chunk+collapses&rft.atitle=CNN.com&rft.date=25+mars+2008&rft.pub=Cable+News+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080329225802%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2008%2FTECH%2Fscience%2F03%2F25%2Fantartica.collapse.ap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225715/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/25/antarctic.ice/index.html">”Massive ice shelf on verge of breakup”</a>. <i><span>CNN.com</span></i>. Cable News Network. 26 mars 2008. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/25/antarctic.ice/index.html">originalet</a> den 29 mars 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225715/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/25/antarctic.ice/index.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080329225715/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/25/antarctic.ice/index.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 mars 2008</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Massive+ice+shelf+on+verge+of+breakup&rft.atitle=CNN.com&rft.date=26+mars+2008&rft.pub=Cable+News+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080329225715%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2008%2FTECH%2F03%2F25%2Fantarctic.ice%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416001929/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/science/earth/05antarctica.html">”Ice Bridge Holding Antarctic Shelf in Place Shatters”</a>. 5 april 2009. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/science/earth/05antarctica.html">originalet</a> den 16 april 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416001929/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/science/earth/05antarctica.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20090416001929/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/science/earth/05antarctica.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 april 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ice+Bridge+Holding+Antarctic+Shelf+in+Place+Shatters&rft.atitle=&rft.date=5+april+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090416001929%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F05%2Fscience%2Fearth%2F05antarctica.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406141551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7984054.stm">”Ice bridge ruptures in Antarctic”</a>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 5 april 2009. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7984054.stm">originalet</a> den 6 april 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406141551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7984054.stm">https://web.archive.org/web/20090406141551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7984054.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 april 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ice+bridge+ruptures+in+Antarctic&rft.atitle=&rft.date=5+april+2009&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090406141551%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F7984054.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518144944/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/05/16/antarctica.melting.reut/index.html">”Big area of Antarctica melted in 2005”</a>. Cable News Network. 16 maj 2007. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/05/16/antarctica.melting.reut/index.html">originalet</a> den 18 maj 2007<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518144944/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/05/16/antarctica.melting.reut/index.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20070518144944/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/05/16/antarctica.melting.reut/index.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 juni 2007</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Big+area+of+Antarctica+melted+in+2005&rft.atitle=&rft.date=16+maj+2007&rft.pub=Cable+News+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070518144944%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2007%2FTECH%2Fscience%2F05%2F16%2Fantarctica.melting.reut%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBromwichNicolasMonaghanLazzara">Bromwich, David H.; Nicolas, Julien P.; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Lazzara, Matthew A.; Keller, Linda M.; Weidner, George A.; Wilson, Aaron B. 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Natural Environment Research Council<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/jds/ozone/index.html">http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/jds/ozone/index.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 maj 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Antarctic+Ozone&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=British+Antarctic+Survey%2C+Meteorology+and+Ozone+Monitoring+Unit&rft.au=British+Antarctic+Survey%2C+Meteorology+and+Ozone+Monitoring+Unit&rft.pub=Natural+Environment+Research+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antarctica.ac.uk%2Fmet%2Fjds%2Fozone%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schiermeier2009-39">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schiermeier2009_39-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFSchiermeier,_Quirin">Schiermeier, Quirin (12 augusti 2009). ”Atmospheric science: Fixing the sky”. <i>Nature</i> 460 (7257): sid. 792–795. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F460792a">10.1038/460792a</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19675624?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:19675624">PMID 19675624</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+science%3A+Fixing+the+sky&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Schiermeier%2C+Quirin&rft.au=Schiermeier%2C+Quirin&rft.date=12+augusti+2009&rft.volume=460&rft.issue=7257&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B792%E2%80%93795&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F460792a&rft_id=info:pmid/19675624&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFNational_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration,_Advanced_Supercomputing_Division_(NAS)2024">National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Advanced Supercomputing Division (NAS) (26 juni 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024238/http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/antarctic.html">”The Antarctic Ozone hole”</a>. Government of the United States. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/antarctic.html">originalet</a> den 3 april 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024238/http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/antarctic.html">http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024238/http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/antarctic.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 februari 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Antarctic+Ozone+hole&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration%2C+Advanced+Supercomputing+Division+%28NAS%29&rft.au=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration%2C+Advanced+Supercomputing+Division+%28NAS%29&rft.date=26+juni+2001&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.loc.gov%2Fall%2F20090403024238%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nas.nasa.gov%2FAbout%2FEducation%2FOzone%2Fantarctic.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFTurner_J.">Turner J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8058/1/grl25793.pdf">”Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophysical_Research_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geophysical Research Letters [inte skriven än]">Geophysical Research Letters</a></i> 36 (8): sid. L08502. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2009GL037524">10.1029/2009GL037524</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8058/1/grl25793.pdf">http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8058/1/grl25793.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Non-annular+atmospheric+circulation+change+induced+by+stratospheric+ozone+depletion+and+its+role+in+the+recent+increase+of+Antarctic+sea+ice+extent&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BGeophysical+Research+Letters%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Turner+J.&rft.au=Turner+J.&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3BL08502&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2009GL037524&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F8058%2F1%2Fgrl25793.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tryckta källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRiffenburgh2007">Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). <i><span>Encyclopedia of the Antarctic</span></i>. "1". Taylor & Francis</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Antarctic&rft.aulast=Riffenburgh&rft.aufirst=Beau&rft.au=Riffenburgh%2C+Beau&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=1&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Antarktis"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktis&action=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ats.aq/">Antarktisfördragets sekretariat</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" class="extiw" title="commons:Antarctica">Antarktis</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" class="extiw" title="commons:Antarctica">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style 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style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Norra_ishavet" title="Norra ishavet">Norra ishavet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Atlanten" title="Atlanten">Atlanten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Indiska_oceanen" title="Indiska oceanen">Indiska oceanen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet">Stilla havet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antarktiska_oceanen" title="Antarktiska oceanen">Antarktiska oceanen</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" 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#fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antarktis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Norrsken" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrsken">Norrsken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Glaciologi" title="Glaciologi">Glaciologi</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg/170px-Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg/255px-Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg/340px-Polarforskningssekretariatet_IMG_2546_Oden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Polarforskningsinstitutioner" title="Kategori:Polarforskningsinstitutioner">forskningsinstitutioner</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Polarforskningssekretariatet" title="Polarforskningssekretariatet">Polarforskningssekretariatet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred-Wegener-Institutet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred-Wegener-Institutet">Alfred-Wegener-Institutet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eiscat" title="Eiscat">Eiscat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Institut_polaire_fran%C3%A7ais_Paul-%C3%89mile-Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut polaire français Paul-Émile-Victor">Institut polaire français Paul-Émile-Victor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Polarinstitutt" title="Norsk Polarinstitutt">Norsk Polarinstitutt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Antarctic_Program" title="United States Antarctic Program">United States Antarctic Program</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ryska_Polarforskningsinstitutet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryska Polarforskningsinstitutet">Ryska Polarforskningsinstitutet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Polar_Research" title="National Institute of Polar Research">National Institute of Polar Research (Japan)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Ant%C3%A1rtico_Chileno" title="Instituto Antártico Chileno">Instituto Antártico Chileno</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Polarforskningsstationer" title="Kategori:Polarforskningsstationer">Forskningsstationer</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Polarfartyg" title="Kategori:Polarfartyg">forskningsfartyg</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_forskningsstationer_p%C3%A5_Antarktis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista över forskningsstationer på Antarktis">Lista över forskningsstationer på Antarktis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wasa_(forskningsstation)" title="Wasa (forskningsstation)">Wasa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svea_(forskningsstation)" title="Svea (forskningsstation)">Svea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Troll_(forskningsstation)" title="Troll (forskningsstation)">Troll</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eiscat_Svalbard_Radar" title="Eiscat Svalbard Radar">Eiscat Svalbard Radar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ny-%C3%85lesund" title="Ny-Ålesund">Ny-Ålesund</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Polska_polarstationen,_Hornsund" title="Polska polarstationen, Hornsund">Polska polarstationen, Hornsund</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Axel_Thordsen" title="Axel Thordsen">Axel Thordsen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oden_(isbrytare)" title="Oden (isbrytare)">Oden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(fartyg)" title="Antarctic (fartyg)">Antarctic (fartyg)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R/V_Kronprins_Haakon" title="R/V Kronprins Haakon">Kronprins Haakon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R/V_Lance" title="R/V Lance">Lance</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R/V_Polarstern" title="R/V Polarstern">Polarstern</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/RSS_Sir_David_Attenborough" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS Sir David Attenborough">Sir David Attenborough</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fram_(skepp)" title="Fram (skepp)">Fram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Astrolabe_(fartyg)" title="Astrolabe 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