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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontoverser_kring_Nordpolsexpeditionen_1909" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontoverser_kring_Nordpolsexpeditionen_1909"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kontoverser kring Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kontoverser_kring_Nordpolsexpeditionen_1909-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Kontoverser kring Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kontoverser_kring_Nordpolsexpeditionen_1909-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nådde_Peary_och_Henson_verkligen_den_geografiska_Nordpolen?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nådde_Peary_och_Henson_verkligen_den_geografiska_Nordpolen?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nådde Peary och Henson verkligen den geografiska Nordpolen?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nådde_Peary_och_Henson_verkligen_den_geografiska_Nordpolen?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matthew_Hensons_hudfärgs_roll_i_historieskrivningen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matthew_Hensons_hudfärgs_roll_i_historieskrivningen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Matthew Hensons hudfärgs roll i historieskrivningen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matthew_Hensons_hudfärgs_roll_i_historieskrivningen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Edwin Peary</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 58 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="روبرت إدوين بيري – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت إدوين بيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Piri" title="Robert Piri – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Piri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Роберт Піры – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Піры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Робърт Пири – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Пири" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="رابرت پری – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت پری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="로버트 피어리 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 피어리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Ռոբերտ Պիրի – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Պիրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="राबर्ट पियरी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राबर्ट पियरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99" title="רוברט פירי – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט פירי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ პირი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ პირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_P%C4%ABrijs" title="Roberts Pīrijs – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberts Pīrijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="റോബർട്ട് പിയറി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ട് പിയറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="روبرت ادوين بيرى – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت ادوين بيرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ロバート・ピアリー – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ピアリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਪੀਅਰੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਪੀਅਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Пири, Роберт – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пири, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Piri" title="Robert Piri – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Robert Piri" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="రాబర్ట్ పియరీ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాబర్ట్ పియరీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" title="Robert Edwin Peary – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Edwin Peary" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Роберт Пірі – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Пірі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Peary" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C" title="罗伯特·皮里 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·皮里" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C" title="罗伯特·皮里 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·皮里" 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th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Robert Edwin Peary</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:RobertPeary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RobertPeary.jpg/250px-RobertPeary.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RobertPeary.jpg/375px-RobertPeary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RobertPeary.jpg/500px-RobertPeary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="922" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/6_maj" title="6 maj">6 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a><sup id="cite_ref-08b5464c172235080468675ec04ab77b70b6672e_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-08b5464c172235080468675ec04ab77b70b6672e-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f125a51433697b400761eefce6481230b8a60f7c_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f125a51433697b400761eefce6481230b8a60f7c-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e04065c76087f148d9495b8e51cfd934025839d3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e04065c76087f148d9495b8e51cfd934025839d3-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cresson_(Q1130655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cresson (Q1130655) [inte skriven än]">Cresson</a><sup id="cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/20_februari" title="20 februari">20 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> (63 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a><sup id="cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Begravd</th><td class="etikett" style=""><a href="/wiki/Arlingtonkyrkog%C3%A5rden" title="Arlingtonkyrkogården">Arlingtonkyrkogården</a><sup id="cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin College</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portland High School [inte skriven än]">Portland High School</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186585?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Uppt%C3%A4cktsresande" class="mw-redirect" title="Upptäcktsresande">Upptäcktsresande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forskare" title="Forskare">forskare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Officer" title="Officer">officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare_(yrke)" class="mw-redirect" title="Författare (yrke)">författare</a><sup id="cite_ref-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Maka</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Peary" title="Josephine Peary">Josephine Peary</a><sup id="cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Ahnighito_Peary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Ahnighito Peary [inte skriven än]">Marie Ahnighito Peary</a> <small>(f. 1893)</small><sup id="cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Peary_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Peary Jr. [inte skriven än]">Robert Peary Jr.</a> <small>(f. 1903)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style="">Charles Nutter Peary<sup id="cite_ref-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Mary Webster Wiley Peary<sup id="cite_ref-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cullum-medaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cullum-medaljen [inte skriven än]">Cullum-medaljen</a><small> (1896)</small><sup id="cite_ref-e3b13537b625f76bc8f830cda88dc92289ef741d_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e3b13537b625f76bc8f830cda88dc92289ef741d-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patron%E2%80%99s_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patron’s Medal [inte skriven än]">Patron’s Medal</a><small> (1898)</small><sup id="cite_ref-7f74a0af4eacf93a0c67b0430f492423ff44fe3f_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7f74a0af4eacf93a0c67b0430f492423ff44fe3f-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_P._Daly_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles P. Daly Medal [inte skriven än]">Charles P. Daly Medal</a><small> (1902)</small><sup id="cite_ref-480884a4522818773be8e395f01309de4b330e2b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-480884a4522818773be8e395f01309de4b330e2b-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Livingstonemedaljen" title="Livingstonemedaljen">Livingstonemedaljen</a><small> (1903)</small><sup id="cite_ref-de46172557e765ea62083deb8ff5862d1a8d0cbf_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de46172557e765ea62083deb8ff5862d1a8d0cbf-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubbard-medaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubbard-medaljen [inte skriven än]">Hubbard-medaljen</a><small> (1906)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Storofficer_av_Hederslegionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Storofficer av Hederslegionen">Storofficer av Hederslegionen</a><small> (1913)</small><sup id="cite_ref-e7c04f0a474e878b2e4bb1220a95fb75e3a9ad94_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e7c04f0a474e878b2e4bb1220a95fb75e3a9ad94-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_M%C3%A9daille_d%27Or_des_Explorations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations [inte skriven än]">Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations</a><small> (1914)</small><sup id="cite_ref-d48886c11ae43b3881b755a0b536c2b946dba1b7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d48886c11ae43b3881b755a0b536c2b946dba1b7-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Namnteckning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg/200px-Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg/300px-Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg/400px-Signature_of_Robert_Peary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Robert_Edwin_Peary" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Robert Edwin Peary">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg/220px-Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg/330px-Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg/440px-Peary_Sledge_Party_and_Flags_at_the_Pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="2706" /></a><figcaption>Pearys lag vid nordpolen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Robert Edwin Peary</b>, född <a href="/wiki/6_maj" title="6 maj">6 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cresson,_Pennsylvania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cresson, Pennsylvania [inte skriven än]">Cresson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, död <a href="/wiki/20_februari" title="20 februari">20 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> i <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> mariningenjör och som tidigare ansågs officiellt, dock omtvistat, ha varit den förste expeditionsledaren som nått Nordpolen till fots 1909. Polarforskaren <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Frederick Cook</a> påstod att han redan 1908 hade besökt Nordpolen men ganska omgående avskrevs hans påstående som falsarium. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peary företog <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> en undersökning av <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland">Grönlands</a> inlandsis i syfte att korsa Grönland efter att ha läst ett arbete av <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a><sup id="cite_ref-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och framträngde med dansken <i>Maigaard</i> från <a href="/wiki/Diskobukten" title="Diskobukten">Diskobukten</a> omkring 150 kilometer i rakt östlig riktning. Sedan han 1888 förekommits av <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> med att bli den förste att korsa Grönland koncentrerade han istället sina undersökningar till det då mycket litet kända Nord-Grönland<sup id="cite_ref-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och ledde <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>, följd av sin hustru, en expedition till Grönland och övervintrade vid McCormick Bay, norr om Whales sound. I början av maj <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> företog Peary och norrmannen <a href="/wiki/Eivind_Astrup" title="Eivind Astrup">Eivind Astrup</a> den egentliga undersökningsturen med en släde och 13 hundar, då de följde inlandsisens norra rand i öst-nordöstlig riktning. Efter en marsch på över 800 kilometer nådde man den <a href="/wiki/4_juli" title="4 juli">4 juli</a> vid 81° 37' N och 34° V en väldig fjord som Peary dagen till ära kallade <i>Independence Bay</i>. På återresan tog de en inre väg över isen och under denna nåddes en höjd av omkring 2 400 meter. Hela färden var den utan jämförelse längsta galciärvandring som dittills utförts. </p><p>I juli <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> företog Peary en expedition till Grönland för att fortsätta sina undersökningar vid Independence Bay. Denna expedition blev mindre lyckad eftersom den påbörjade isvandringen år <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a> måste avbrytas på grund av ovanligt hårt väder (svår storm vid -50 °C). År <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> lyckades Peary visserligen nå fram till Independence Bay, men på grund av att provianten tagit slut blev det då omöjligt att fortsätta upptäckterna. Somrarna <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> och <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> företogs nya färder. 1895 och 1897 avhämtades från <a href="/wiki/Kap_York_(Gr%C3%B6nland)" title="Kap York (Grönland)">Kap York</a> de tre först funna <a href="/wiki/Kap_York-meteoriterna" title="Kap York-meteoriterna">Kap York-meteoriterna</a>, en av dem <i><a href="/wiki/Ahnighito" title="Ahnighito">Ahnighito</a></i> är den tredje största man känner. Följande år började Peary med expeditionsfartyget "<i>Windward</i>" en ny expedition, som varade i fyra år, varunder han trots svåra motgångar år <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> nådde fram till 84° 11' N, varvid han även upptäckte Grönlands nordspets och påvisade detta lands önatur. Tre år senare drog han med det nybyggda fartyget "<i>Roosevelt</i>" ut på en ny färd till nordsidan av Grantlandet och nådde <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> på en slädfärd över isen 87° 6' N, den nordligaste breddgraden som dittills nåtts. Begagnande hela sin rika erfarenhet, företog Peary <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> en ny polarexpedition över den drivande havsisen och nådde med fem följeslagare (afroamerikanen <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Matthew Henson</a> som följt honom ända sedan 1891, och fyra <a href="/wiki/Inuiter" title="Inuiter">inuiter</a> Oo-tah, E-ging-wah, Si-gloo och Oo-que-ah) den <a href="/wiki/6_april" title="6 april">6 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a> själva nordpolen. </p><p>De första underrättelserna om färden sändes den <a href="/wiki/5_september" title="5 september">5 september</a> 1909 från Indian Harbour i <a href="/wiki/Labrador_(region)" title="Labrador (region)">Labrador</a>. Från några håll har det betvivlats, att Peary verkligen nått polen, men de undersökningar som fackmän utfört, syns bekräfta riktigheten av hans uppgift inom observationsfelens gränser, och för sina förtjänster utnämndes Peary till konteramiral i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">Förenta staternas</a> flotta. Pearys framgångar grundar sig på ett skickligt användande av inuittekniken och på hans utomordentliga energi och uthållighet. Hans geografiska resultat ha varit betydande, mindre betydande är de kartografiska och naturvetenskapliga observationerna. </p><p>Den amerikanske polarforskaren <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Frederick Cook</a> påstod att han redan den <a href="/wiki/21_april" title="21 april">21 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> uppnådde nordpolen, men bara ett fåtal vetenskapsmän anser att han verkligen var först på detta ställe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontoverser_kring_Nordpolsexpeditionen_1909">Kontoverser kring Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kontoverser kring Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kontoverser kring Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nådde_Peary_och_Henson_verkligen_den_geografiska_Nordpolen?"><span id="N.C3.A5dde_Peary_och_Henson_verkligen_den_geografiska_Nordpolen.3F"></span>Nådde Peary och Henson verkligen den geografiska Nordpolen?</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nådde Peary och Henson verkligen den geografiska Nordpolen?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nådde Peary och Henson verkligen den geografiska Nordpolen?"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I dag är man i forskarvärlden ganska ense om att Peary och Henson inte lyckades nå den geografiska Nordpolen även om det finns de som är övertygade om motsatsen. </p><p>Den brittiske polarforskaren, författaren och konstnären <a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Sir Walter William "Wally" Herbert</a>, som till att börja med varit helt övertygad om att man verkligen lyckades nå målet 1909, deltog i en expedition till Nordpolen 1969 till 60-årsminne av Pearys och Hensons bedrift. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>, som finansierade Pearys och Hensons expedition, gav senare Herbert i uppdrag att granska dagboken och de astronomiska anteckningarna från 1909. Herbert publicerade sin slutsats i boken <i>The noose of laurels: The discovery of the North Pole</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, att Nordpolsexpeditionen 1909 inte nådde sitt mål. </p><p>Den brittiska äventyraren <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Avery" class="extiw" title="en:Tom Avery">Tom Avery</a> som 2005 deltog i en expedition till Nordpolen i Pearys och Hensons fotspår menar i sin bok <i>To The End of the Earth: The Race to Solve Polar Exploration's Greatest Mystery</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2009) att det är högst sannolikt att expeditionen 1909 lyckades att nå den geografiska Nordpolen. Det som talar emot Avery är att han färdades snabbare samma väg som Peary och Henson men kortare; något som antyder att Pearys och Hensons anteckningar inte stämmer och kan vara falskt angivna. </p><p>Före detta professorn i astronomisk matematik vid <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Myles_Standish" class="extiw" title="en:E. Myles Standish">Erland Myles Standish</a>, verksam vid <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">CalTech</a> <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> och erkänd när det gäller bedömare av vetenskapliga anspråk, uttalade 2009 starka tvivel om att Peary och Henson verkligen nådde sitt mål<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sir Walter William "Wally" Herberts Nordpolsexpedition 1969 var den första oomtvistade expeditionen som lyckades nå den geografiska Nordpolen till fots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matthew_Hensons_hudfärgs_roll_i_historieskrivningen"><span id="Matthew_Hensons_hudf.C3.A4rgs_roll_i_historieskrivningen"></span>Matthew Hensons hudfärgs roll i historieskrivningen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Matthew Hensons hudfärgs roll i historieskrivningen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Matthew Hensons hudfärgs roll i historieskrivningen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det råder skilda meningar om vem som kom först till det Peary och Henson ansåg, alternativt påstod, vara den geografiska Nordpolen. Henson som var afroamerikan anses ha fått stå tillbaka till förmån för Peary när det gäller äran<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Henson själv påstod att han skickats i förväg för att rekognosera och därför kom det sig att han först anlände till Nordpolen<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hensons påstående har stöd hos många och tillsammans med flera vittnesmål om Pearys rasistiska hållning har det legat till grund för ett allt mer utbrett avståndstagande till Peary som Nordpolspionjär<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-08b5464c172235080468675ec04ab77b70b6672e-1"><a href="#cite_ref-08b5464c172235080468675ec04ab77b70b6672e_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>, <i>BnF Catalogue général : <span title="svenska">öppen dataplattform</span></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12177409z">läs online</a>, läst: 10 oktober 2015.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f125a51433697b400761eefce6481230b8a60f7c-2"><a href="#cite_ref-f125a51433697b400761eefce6481230b8a60f7c_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="latin">Encyclopædia Britannica</span></i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Edwin-Peary">biography/Robert-Edwin-Peary</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online">topic/Britannica-Online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e04065c76087f148d9495b8e51cfd934025839d3-3"><a href="#cite_ref-e04065c76087f148d9495b8e51cfd934025839d3_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>RKDartists</i>, RKDartists-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/388311">388311</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1c087e8f2296dbc7c99dee89b8913d95e72a04bf_4-3"><small>d</small></a> <a 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Best Literature</span></a></i>, 1897, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/library">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Leo van de Pas, <i>Genealogics</i>, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogics.org/explanations.php">läs online</a> och <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washington.ancestryregister.com/FOOTNOTES200006.htm#328">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e3b13537b625f76bc8f830cda88dc92289ef741d-7"><a href="#cite_ref-e3b13537b625f76bc8f830cda88dc92289ef741d_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americangeo.org/honors/medals-and-awards/cullum-geographical-medal/">läs online</a>, <i>americangeo.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7f74a0af4eacf93a0c67b0430f492423ff44fe3f-8"><a href="#cite_ref-7f74a0af4eacf93a0c67b0430f492423ff44fe3f_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>, <i><span title="engelska">Gold Medal Recipients</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>, 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?nodeguid=64c1cdb4-2f4b-44a3-9e3c-695983da880f&lang=en-GB">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-480884a4522818773be8e395f01309de4b330e2b-9"><a href="#cite_ref-480884a4522818773be8e395f01309de4b330e2b_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americangeo.org/honors/medals-and-awards/charles-p-daly-medal/">läs online</a>, <i>americangeo.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de46172557e765ea62083deb8ff5862d1a8d0cbf-10"><a href="#cite_ref-de46172557e765ea62083deb8ff5862d1a8d0cbf_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsgs.org/livingstone-medal">läs online</a>, <i>www.rsgs.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e7c04f0a474e878b2e4bb1220a95fb75e3a9ad94-11"><a href="#cite_ref-e7c04f0a474e878b2e4bb1220a95fb75e3a9ad94_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1913/06/10/archives/peary-gets-grand-cross-president-poincare-confers-decoration-of.html">läs online</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d48886c11ae43b3881b755a0b536c2b946dba1b7-12"><a href="#cite_ref-d48886c11ae43b3881b755a0b536c2b946dba1b7_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allthingspolar.com/medals">läs online</a>, <i>www.allthingspolar.com</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svensk_uppslagsbok,_Malmö_1931_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Svensk uppslagsbok</i>, Malmö 1931</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREF1934-2007.1991">1934-2007., Herbert, Wally (Walter William), (1991). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/907134271">The noose of laurels : the discovery of the North Pole</a></i>. Grafton. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0586211527" title="Special:Bokkällor/0586211527">ISBN 0586211527</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/907134271">907134271</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/907134271">http://worldcat.org/oclc/907134271</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+noose+of+laurels+%3A+the+discovery+of+the+North+Pole&rft.aulast=1934-2007.&rft.aufirst=Herbert%2C+Wally+%28Walter+William%29%2C&rft.au=1934-2007.%2C+Herbert%2C+Wally+%28Walter+William%29%2C&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=Grafton&rft_id=info:oclcnum/907134271&rft.isbn=0586211527&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F907134271&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREF1975-2010">1975-, Avery, Tom, (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/973662600">To the end of the Earth : the race to solve polar exploration's greatest mystery</a></i>. Atlantic. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9781848870437" title="Special:Bokkällor/9781848870437">ISBN 9781848870437</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/973662600">973662600</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/973662600">http://worldcat.org/oclc/973662600</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+the+end+of+the+Earth+%3A+the+race+to+solve+polar+exploration%27s+greatest+mystery&rft.aulast=1975-&rft.aufirst=Avery%2C+Tom%2C&rft.au=1975-%2C+Avery%2C+Tom%2C&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Atlantic&rft_id=info:oclcnum/973662600&rft.isbn=9781848870437&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F973662600&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioi.org/spe.htm">”Peary's North Pole Claim: the Facts”</a>. <i><span>www.dioi.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dioi.org/spe.htm">http://www.dioi.org/spe.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Peary%27s+North+Pole+Claim%3A+the+Facts&rft.atitle=www.dioi.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioi.org%2Fspe.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2000/dec/31/uknews.theobserver">”Polar honour revives racial dispute”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2000/dec/31/uknews.theobserver">https://www.theguardian.com/society/2000/dec/31/uknews.theobserver</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Polar+honour+revives+racial+dispute&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2000%2Fdec%2F31%2Fuknews.theobserver&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Henson">”Matthew Henson. Wikipedia en.”</a><span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Henson">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Henson</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Matthew+Henson.+Wikipedia+en.&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMatthew_Henson&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/21/opinion/l-matthew-henson-black-explorer-used-and-discarded-by-peary-8488.html">”Matthew Henson: Black Explorer Used and Discarded by Peary”</a>. New York Times 1987-06-21<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/21/opinion/l-matthew-henson-black-explorer-used-and-discarded-by-peary-8488.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/21/opinion/l-matthew-henson-black-explorer-used-and-discarded-by-peary-8488.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 februari 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Matthew+Henson%3A+Black+Explorer+Used+and+Discarded+by+Peary&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=New+York+Times+1987-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F06%2F21%2Fopinion%2Fl-matthew-henson-black-explorer-used-and-discarded-by-peary-8488.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwin_Peary"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwin_Peary&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfca/0185.html">Peary, Robert Edwin</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1915)</li> <li><i>Nordpolens upptäckt</i> af Robert E. Peary. Åhlén & Åkerlunds förlag, Göteborg 1910. sid 280,303.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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