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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_proposal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_proposal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marriage proposal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_proposal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedding_announcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wedding_announcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Wedding announcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wedding_announcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedding_date_and_invitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Groom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedding_guests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wedding_guests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Wedding guests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wedding_guests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedding_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wedding_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Wedding ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wedding_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_sponsors,_witnesses,_and_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_sponsors,_witnesses,_and_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Ceremonial sponsors, witnesses, and participants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_sponsors,_witnesses,_and_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ritual_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ritual_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Ritual objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ritual_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rings_and_arrhae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rings_and_arrhae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.1</span> <span>Rings and <i>arrhae</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rings_and_arrhae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.2</span> <span>Candles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.3</span> <span>Veils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.4</span> <span>Cord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.5</span> <span>Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedding_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wedding_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Wedding reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wedding_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filipino_Muslim_wedding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filipino_Muslim_wedding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filipino Muslim wedding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filipino_Muslim_wedding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filipino Muslim wedding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filipino_Muslim_wedding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangsamoro_weddings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangsamoro_weddings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bangsamoro weddings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangsamoro_weddings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mindanaon_Muslim_Marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mindanaon_Muslim_Marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Mindanaon Muslim Marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mindanaon_Muslim_Marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkawin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkawin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Pagkawin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkawin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Same_sex_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Same_sex_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Same sex marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Same_sex_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-colonial_Wedding_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonial_Wedding_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pre-colonial Wedding customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonial_Wedding_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg/380px-Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg/570px-Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg/760px-Manila_Cathedral_Wedding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A Filipino wedding held in December at the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a> in the Philippines.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Traditional marriage customs in the Philippines </b> and <b>Filipino wedding practices</b> pertain to the characteristics of marriage and wedding traditions established and adhered by them <a href="/w/index.php?title=Men_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Men in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Filipino men</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">women in the Philippines</a> after a period of <a href="/wiki/Courtship_in_the_Philippines" title="Courtship in the Philippines">adoption courtship and engagement</a>. These traditions extend to other countries around the world where <a href="/wiki/Filipino_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino communities">Filipino communities</a> exist. <i>Kasalan</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino word</a> for "wedding",<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while its root word – <i>kasal</i> – means "marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present-day character of marriages and weddings in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine history">Philippines</a> were primarily influenced by the permutation of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Christian</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the Philippines">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_Philippines" title="Protestantism in the Philippines">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_influences_in_early_Philippine_polities" title="Indian influences in early Philippine polities">Hindu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ew4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines" title="Islam in the Philippines">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipino">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Spanish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American</a> models. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical <a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Filipino</a> wedding in <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">pre-colonial times</a>, is held for three days, and was officiated by a <i><a href="/wiki/Babaylan" class="mw-redirect" title="Babaylan">babaylan</a></i>, a tribal priest or priestess.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house of the <i>babaylan</i> was the ritual venue for the nuptials. On the first day, the couple was brought to the priest's home, where the <i>babaylan</i> blessed them as their hands were joined over a container of uncooked rice. On the second day, the priest would prick their chests to draw some blood, which is then collected in a container to be mixed with water. After declaring their love for each other three times, the couple were fed by the priest with cooked rice from a single container. Afterwards, they were to drink the water mixed with their combined blood. The priest proclaimed that the couple were officially wed once their necks and hands were <a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">bound by a cord</a> or, sometimes, their long hairs were entwined.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In lieu of a babaylan, the reigning <a href="/wiki/Datu" title="Datu">datu</a> of the place or a local elder may also officiate.<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the ceremony, a series of gift-giving rituals were also done to counter any negative signals from the bride: refusal to ascend the stairs to her new home; denies to participate in the marriage banquet; or enter the bridal chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish colonialism</a> brought changes to these marriage rituals because of the proselytising by Spanish missionaries, which began in the late 16th century. As a result, the majority of modern Filipino weddings became predominantly Catholic or generally Christian<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in character, as the Catholic Church remains the predominant religion. Indigenous traditions still exist today in other regions of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of Filipino wedding ceremonies have become faith-centered and God-centered, which also highlights the concept that the union of two individuals is a "life long commitment" of loving and caring.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culturally, the marriage does not only signify the union of two persons, but also of their families and extended clans.<sup id="cite_ref-Daza_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daza-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Requirements">Requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the legal requirements that must be met in order to marry in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-About1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific requirements for marriage are detailed in Title I of the Family Code of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-EO209_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EO209-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these requirements are: </p> <ul><li>Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a female, 25 years old and above without any impediment to get married.<sup id="cite_ref-About1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent" title="Consent">Consent</a> freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer.</li> <li>Authority of the solemnizing officer (only incumbent member of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>; priest, <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a> of any church or religious sect duly authorized by his church or religious sect and registered with the civil registrar general; <a href="/wiki/Ship_captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship captain">ship captain</a> or airplane chief, <a href="/wiki/Military_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Military commander">military commander</a> of a unit to which a <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> is assigned, in the absence of the latter, during a military operation only in marriages at the point of death; and <a href="/wiki/Consul-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul-general">consul-general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vice-consul" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-consul">vice-consul</a> only between Filipino citizens abroad are authorized by law to solemnize marriage).<sup id="cite_ref-About1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 35(2) of the Family Code, however, specifies that marriages solemnized by any person not legally authorized to perform marriages which were contracted with either or both parties believing in good faith that the solemnizing officer had the legal authority to do so are neither void nor voidable.<sup id="cite_ref-EO209_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EO209-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In cases where parental consent or parental advice is needed,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marriage law in the Philippines also requires couples to attend a seminar<sup id="cite_ref-About1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> before the wedding day in order to become responsible for family life and parenthood. The seminar is normally conducted at a city hall or a municipal council.<sup id="cite_ref-Daza_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daza-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some officiating ministers or churches require the couple to present a Certificate of No Marriage Record (CENOMAR), on top of or together with the marriage license and the authority of the solemnizing officer. The CENOMAR can be secured from the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a> or its designated sub-offices and branches.<sup id="cite_ref-CENOMAR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENOMAR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_proposal">Marriage proposal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage proposal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional marriage proposal takes the form of the <i>pamanhikan</i><sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pamamanhikan" title="Pamamanhikan">pamamanhikan</a></i> or the "parental marriage proposal", a formal way of asking the parents of the woman for her hand. The would-be groom and his parents go to the would-be bride's home, and ask the parents for their consent. Once the woman's parents accept the proposal, other matters will be discussed during this meeting including among other things, the wedding plan, the date, the finances, and the list of guests. The expenses for the wedding are generally shouldered by the groom and his family.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of performing <a href="/wiki/Courtship_in_the_Philippines" title="Courtship in the Philippines">paninilbihan</a>, paying dowry, visiting a shrine to pray for fertility, etc. are among strong traces of continuity of <a href="/wiki/List_of_India-related_topics_in_the_Philippines" title="List of India-related topics in the Philippines">Hindu influence in Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ew4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pamamanhikan</i> enforces the importance of the familial nature of the wedding, as traditionally a marriage is the formation of an alliance between two clans as well as the joining of individuals. This is sometimes further expressed in how the whole extended family goes with the groom and his parents, using the occasion as a chance to meet and greet the other clan. In this situation, there is a feast held at the bride's family home. </p><p>This event is separate from the <i>Despedida de Soltera</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Spanish</a>: "Farewell to Single-hood") party some families have before the wedding. The local variant of the Hispanic custom normally holds it for the bride, and it is held by her family. It is similar in sentiment to the <a href="/wiki/Hen_night" class="mw-redirect" title="Hen night">hen night</a>, albeit a more wholesome and formal version. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wedding_announcement">Wedding announcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wedding announcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <i>pamamanhikan</i>, the couple performs the <i>pa-alam</i> or "wedding announcement visitations." In this custom, the couple goes to the homes of relatives to inform the latter of their status as a couple and the schedule of their nuptial. It is also during these visits when the couple personally delivers their <a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">wedding invitations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MMG_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMG-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wedding_date_and_invitation">Wedding date and invitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wedding date and invitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The typical Filipino wedding invitation contains the date and venue for the wedding ceremony and for the wedding reception, as well as the names and roles of the principal sponsors of the bride. Weddings in the Philippines are commonly held during the month of June.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial_protocol">Ceremonial protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ceremonial protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bride">Bride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bride's attire is typically a custom-made white wedding gown and veil.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is from the Anglo-American influence of dressing the woman in white on her wedding day.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular alternative is a white version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></i>, a form of national dress for Filipino women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groom">Groom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Groom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The groom is traditionally clothed in the <a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">barong tagalog</a>, the formal and traditional transparent, embroidered, button-up shirt made from <i>jusi</i> (also spelled as <i>husi</i>) fabric made from <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This formal Filipino men's dress is worn untucked<sup id="cite_ref-PHVU_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHVU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a white <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">t-shirt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">singlet</a> underneath, and commonly worn together with a black pair of trousers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wedding_guests">Wedding guests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wedding guests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Males guests typically wear the Filipino Barong, or a suit. Women wear a formal or semi-formal dress, the length and color determined by the wedding theme. <sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is discouraged for female guests to wear white since this competes with the bride's traditional wedding dress color. For Chinese Filipino weddings, it is customary for the bride to wear red. It is frowned upon to wear this color as a guest, for the same reason. </p><p>Black and white ensembles are also considered impolite in traditional Chinese Filipino weddings. These colors symbolize death and mourning, and are deemed to have no places in a festive celebration like weddings. However, using these as accents is acceptable. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wedding_ceremony">Wedding ceremony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wedding ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, the wedding ceremony proper includes the celebration of an hour-long <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> or religious service. The groom arrives an hour earlier than the bride for the purpose of receiving guests at the church or venue. The groom could be waiting with his parents; the bride will arrive later with her father and mother on board a wedding car. Afterwards, the wedding party assembles to enter the church for the processional.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the nuptials, Catholic and Aglipayan brides customarily bear an ornate, heirloom rosary along with their bridal bouquet.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity and placing of <a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">sampaguita</a> garland around the neck are continuing pre-Spanish Hindu influence in Philippines, even the term "asawa" for spouse is of Indian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-ew4_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ew3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ceremonial_sponsors,_witnesses,_and_participants"><span id="Ceremonial_sponsors.2C_witnesses.2C_and_participants"></span>Ceremonial sponsors, witnesses, and participants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ceremonial sponsors, witnesses, and participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal wedding sponsors (also termed "godparents," "<a href="/wiki/Wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding ceremony participants">special sponsors</a>," "primary sponsors," "counselors," or "witnesses"),<sup id="cite_ref-About1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are often chosen by the betrothed, sometimes on advice of their families. Multiple pairs of godparents are customary, with six godmothers (<i>ninang</i>) and six godfathers (<i>ninong</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ritual_objects">Ritual objects</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ritual objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ceremonial paraphernalia in Filipino weddings include the <a href="/wiki/Arrhae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrhae">arrhae</a>, the candles, the <a href="/wiki/Veil#Wedding_veils" title="Veil">veils</a>, the cord, and <a href="/wiki/Wedding_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding rings">wedding rings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ring bearer acts as the holder and keeper of the rings until the exchanging of rings is performed, while the coin bearer acts as the holder and keeper of the arrhae until it is offered and given by the groom to his bride.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the secondary sponsors or wedding attendants, three pairs – each pair consists of a male and a female secondary sponsor – are chosen to light the wedding candles, handle the veils, and place the cord.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rings_and_arrhae">Rings and <i>arrhae</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rings and arrhae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the exchange of wedding rings by the couple, the groom gives the wedding arrhae to his bride. The arrhae is a symbol of his "monetary gift" to the bride because it is composed of 13 pieces of gold, or silver coins, a "pledge" that the groom is devoted to the welfare and well-being of his wife and future offspring. Both rings and arrhae are blessed first by the priest during the wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Candles">Candles</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Candles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Candle Sponsors are secondary sponsors who light the pair of candles, one on each side of the couple. For Christians, this embodies the presence of God in the union. An old folk belief holds that should one of the candles go out during the rite, the person beside it will die ahead of the other.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many weddings add the ritual of the "<a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">unity candle</a>", which signifies the joining of their two families. The couple takes the two lighted candles and together lights a single candle. For Christians, lighting this single candle symbolizes the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Christ</a> into their life as a married couple.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice is rooted in <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">American Protestantism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is sometimes discouraged by Catholic parishes for theological reasons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Veils">Veils</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Veils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the candle ritual, a pair of secondary sponsors known as the Veil Sponsors will pin the veil(s) on the couple. The veiling ritual signifies the clothing of the two individuals as one.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two variants of this custom exist: a long, white, rectangular veil is draped over the shoulder of the groom and above the bride's head;<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two smaller veils may also be pinned on the groom and bride's shoulders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cord">Cord</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cord"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the veiling, the last pair of secondary sponsors will then drape the <i><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">yugal</a></i> over the shoulders of the couple. The cord is customarily shaped or looped to form the figure "8" (a lucky number; the figure is also interpreted as the <a href="/wiki/Infinity_symbol" title="Infinity symbol">infinity symbol</a>), to symbolize "everlasting fidelity."<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each loop of the cord is placed around the individual collar areas of the bride and the groom. </p><p>Apart from silk, popular materials used to make the wedding cord are strings of flowers, links of coins, or a chain designed like a long, double <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bible">Bible</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catholic and Protestant weddings include entrusting to the couple a copy of the Bible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wedding_reception">Wedding reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wedding reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the wedding reception, it is typical to release a pair of white male and female doves, symbolizing marital harmony and peace.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are placed in a cage or receptacle, which can be opened by pulling ribbons or cords or manually opened and released by the couple themselves. After their release from their cage,<sup id="cite_ref-WS_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the person who catches them may take them home to rear as pets. </p><p>It is also a common practice to have the "Money Dance." This is where the bride and groom dance to slow music while the guests pin money (notes) on the couple.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monetary gift from the dance is a way to help the new couple get started with their married life. </p><p>Tossing the bouquet is for the most part uncommon for the bride to do, though it is increasingly being observed by younger women. Instead, the bride traditionally offers it at a side altar of the church before an image of either the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> or a patron saint, or offers it at the grave of an important relative or ancestor.<sup id="cite_ref-ESS_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filipino_Muslim_wedding">Filipino Muslim wedding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filipino Muslim wedding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various Muslim groups follow the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Nikah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah">Nikah</a> or marriage contract, and <a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a> or post-marriage reception. These are followed in line with universal Islamic rules and customs, such as gender segregation and presence of an Islamic scholar or an Imam. </p><p>Individual regional and ethnic customs are also added to the wedding in line with local customs, and these differ depending on whether the marriage is done by Bangsamoro groups (the traditionally Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines), or by Balik-Islam Filipinos (relatively recent reverts to Islam from the Christian-majority groups in Luzon and the Visayas). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangsamoro_weddings">Bangsamoro weddings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bangsamoro weddings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the Bangsamoro groups, marriage includes a variety of rich, diverse and old traditions that predate the coming of Islam and have been modified in order to adhere to Islamic belief and sharia. These bear some similarity to native traditions seen in other parts of Southeast Asia, China, and further afield in the Indian subcontinent. Below the two cultural divides within the Bangsamoro, the Mindanaon groups and the Sulu groups, are represented. The Sangir people of Saranggani island follow their own traditions similar to their Indonesian kin on Sangir island near to Mindanao, and these differ from the traditions below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mindanaon_Muslim_Marriages">Mindanaon Muslim Marriages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mindanaon Muslim Marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the Maranao, Maguindanao, Iranun, and Kaagan of Mindanao island itself, the wedding celebration is referred to by the generic term used for feasts: Kalilang. </p><p>The kalilang features several sections. The first is the parade from the house of the grooms family to the house of the brides family or alternatively to the mosque. This is accompanied by a retinue of musicians and male dancers dancing the sagayan dance, which was used to deter the evil ones from among the jinn from disrupting or damaging the wedding’s proceedings. </p><p>The second governs the nikah, which follows the Islamic tradition. This follows the generic pattern in that the groom, his father, and the father of the bride meet with the imam and after several recitations of the Quran and Arabic lectures traced to what Muhammad said were uttered, advice given on how the groom is to ensure an Islamic marriage, the verbal marriage contract is agreed upon and a prayer is said. The bride is nowhere in the actual contract agreement, and is usually hidden behind a veil in her own bedroom, attended upon by her retinue (female relatives who dress her, put on make up, veil her completely, and packs her belongings and wealth with her to take to the grooms house). Once the nikah is formalized, the groom goes to collect the bride. This signals the end of the formal marriage. </p><p>After this stage, the kalilang itself (feast or reception) begins. An agong may or may not be sounded to announce the marriage is complete and the walima or reception is to begin, </p><p>The kalilang itself can be held in a marquee or hired hall. Sometimes it is held in an opening in the village for all the community to attend. Food will have been cooked from early that morning in anticipation of the walima, and the aim would always be to feed as many people or attendees as possible in order for Allah to Bestow blessings on the family and the bride and groom. The idea of charity or sadaqah is central to Islam, and this has been incorporated into the kalilang over the centuries too. </p><p>A kambayoka (who is a professional hereditary arts and poetry person, charged with remembering family histories and the line of sultans) will usually chant favourites from traditional sagas and epics like the darangen. These chants are called bayok, and are essential to any kalilang. Modern kambayoka are accompanied by a guitar or kutiyapi although traditionally the only accompaniment allowed was a stick beating time against a wall, table, or bronze serving tray. </p><p>A kulintang ensemble will usually play well known compositions and this is the traditional musical accompaniment during the kalilang itself while all attendees eat. A dance group may be hired too, with favourites being the singkil among the Maranao, kapag-asik and silong sa ganding dances at Maguindanao, Iranun and Kaagan kalilang. Some weddings now include the guitar based vocal joust between a male and female singer called dayunday and others the pangalay or pakiring which are influences from Sulu archipelago weddings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pagkawin">Pagkawin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pagkawin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Sulu archipelago and southern Palawan, the marriage traditions of the Tausug, Yakan, Sama-Bajau and Jama Mapun differ greatly from those of Mindanaon Muslims. The generic name for marriage is this area is called Pagkawin. The pagkawin includes several sections which differ from those of Mindanaon Muslims. </p><p>The Tausug and Sama peoples’ wedding starts the night before the nikah. A musical troupe and special ensemble called gabbang-biola or gabbang would start playing to a crowd of attendees, and this would happen for any portion of the night from the end of the Isha prayer to the Subuh prayer. The gabbang performance includes flirty and humorous content, spontaneously done and improvised. Two women play the gabbang xylophone, and 2 male performers play the violin or fiddle. The gabbang performance represents one of the only times men and women are seen performing with each other, an exception in usually gender-segregated communities. </p><p>The next morning in the same way as that of the Mindanaon groups, a procession of the groom and his retinue will occur up to the home of the bride, or to the local mosque. Historically the clothing worn by the groom would point to his wealth, with hajji (those who had undertaken the hajj pilgrimage to Makkah) wearing the Arab thawb or “barong mahaba” and the white checkered ghutra typical of Saudi Arabia. Similarly, an OFW groom would wear clothes or designer goods from the country he was working in. In the past, those of the nobility would ride on horseback. Horses are animals very rarely seen otherwise on these small islands. </p><p>The nikah itself resembles other Muslim weddings in its solemnity, but differs from Mindanaon and conservative Muslim groups by the presence of the bride, along with her father and the groom and father of the groom, and imam. </p><p>After the standard recitations from the Quran and prayers the actual contract is made by the groom and father of the bridge pressing one thumb and one toe against each other, while sitting, with the imam seated in between. Once the agreement has been made, the father of the bridge and the groom position their thumbs so that either the father of the bride or imam guides the groom to put his thumb into the forehead of the bride, or the groom does this alone, after making several circular motions around her head (3 times). This specific gesture harkens back to the Hindu marriages, and the puja or blessing (also seen in Balinese weddings) seen in the preislamized Sulu archipelago. Sulu and Mindanao was predominantly Hindu-Buddhist before becoming predominantly Muslim in the 14th century, and this part of the nikah shows a glimpse of this, albeit heavily islamized. </p><p>The last part of the wedding is also the walimah, reception. As in Mindanaon and other Southeast Asian Muslim wedding receptions, the bride and groom sit on a stage in view of the performers and attendees, who sit on tables below the stage. This is to emulate being a royal couple or sultan and dayang dayang for a day. Traditionally the bride and groom are meant to keep a sad or blank expression, to show that they are taking the burden of Islamic marriage seriously and are only marrying as part of their familial and Islamic duties, and not for merriment or love. </p><p>Lots of food is prepared for the wedding, and is shared among all guests as part of sadaqah. </p><p>Kulintangan music is traditionally played for at least a portion of the proceedings, as well as performances of kissa and or salsila or chants from local legend, sultanate history or historic Islamic events. Pangadji, which are Islamic prayers and recitations of the Quran the local tone or native melodic voice, also are recited. Later in the walimah the pangalay or igal dance would be performed to raise money for the bride and groom. In modern weddings, the more jolly pakiring dance is performed instead, or dance and music troupes with synthesisers are hired to handle the entertainment and dancing. Some songs that are popular during Tausug wedding pangalay/pakiring dances include Lolay, Daling-daling, and a variation of the generic Filipino folk song “Planting rice”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Same_sex_marriage">Same sex marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Same sex marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Philippines">Same-sex marriage in the Philippines</a></div> <p>Marriage between couples of the same sex is currently not possible under the laws of the Philippines because, according to the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Family_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino Family Code">Filipino Family Code</a>, both family and marriage are considered as heterosexual units. The legal concept of a family in the Philippines does not incorporate homosexual relationships. Furthermore, finding that a party to the marital union is homosexual is a ground for annulment of the marriage and legal separation in the Philippines, which leads to the severance of the homosexual individual's spousal inheritance, claims to any conjugal property, and the <a href="/wiki/Custody_of_offspring" class="mw-redirect" title="Custody of offspring">custody of offspring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CPCA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPCA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-colonial_Wedding_customs">Pre-colonial Wedding customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial Wedding customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filipinos have pre-colonial customs based on the Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu wedding</a> that are related to marriage and weddings and still carried out even after colonial masters destroyed other customs after the imposition of Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pre-colonial customs include the groom or bride avoiding travel beforehand to prevent accidents from happening.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bride must not wear <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a> as these are similar to tears,<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a procession of men holding <a href="/wiki/Bolo_knives" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolo knives">bolos</a> and musicians playing <a href="/wiki/Agung" title="Agung">agongs</a> must be done. This march was also done after the ceremony until the newly-wed couple reaches their abode. The purpose of this procession is similar to the current practice of <a href="/wiki/Breaking_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking plates">breaking plates</a> during the wedding reception, in order to dispel bad luck.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spanish colonizers introduced new beliefs to the Philippines, with particular concern over banning activities that may cause broken marriages, sadness and regret. Wedding gowns cannot be worn in advance, <sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as any black-coloured clothing during the ceremony, and sharp objects such as knives cannot be given as gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other beliefs include a <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoon</a> on the wedding day being an ill omen; that after the ceremony the bride should walk ahead of her husband or step on his foot to prevent being dominated by him; and an accidentally dropped ring, veil, or arrhae will cause marital misery.<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Superstitious beliefs on good fortune include showering the married couple with uncooked <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, as this wishes them a prosperous life together.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groom's arrival at the venue ahead of his bride also diminishes dire fate.<sup id="cite_ref-Asia_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a single woman who will follow the footsteps of a newly married couple may enhance her opportunity to become a bride herself.<sup id="cite_ref-TNT_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siblings are not permitted to marry within the calendar year as this is considered bad luck. The remedy to this belief, called <i><a href="/wiki/Sukob" title="Sukob">sukob</a></i>, is to have the one marrying later pass through the back entrance of the church instead of its main doors. Bride and groom cannot have marital relations starting from the 60th day prior to the wedding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines#Single" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Single mother phenomenon of Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in the Philippines">LGBT culture in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT rights in the Philippines</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Philippine legal codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_the_Philippines" title="Civil Code of the Philippines">Civil Code of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce in the Philippines</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian views on marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic marriage">Catholic marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage and wedding customs in Islam">Marriage and wedding customs in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Islamic marital jurisprudence</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagaytayweddingcafe.com/blog_main.php?blog_id=198">Wedding in the Philippines</a>, Tagaytay Wedding Cafe Blog, www.tagaytayweddingcafe.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESS_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essortment.com/lifestyle/weddingplanning_sxwj.htm">Wedding planning: Filipino Wedding Traditions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211103105/http://www.essortment.com/lifestyle/weddingplanning_sxwj.htm">Archived</a> 2010-02-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Information on the characteristics of a traditional Filipino Wedding</i>, www.essortment.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ew4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ew4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ew4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ew4_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cecilio D. Duka, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4wk8yqCEmJUC&dq=sampaguita+originally+from+sanskrit&pg=PA35">Struggle for Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Bookstore">Rex Bookstore</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asia_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiarecipe.com/phiwedding.html"><i>Philippine Wedding Culture and Superstitions</i></a>, asiarecipe.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNT_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Funtecha, Henry F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/06/23/ilonggo.traditional.marriagep.ractices.2.html"><i>IIlonggo Traditional Marriage Practices (2)</i></a>, Bridging the Gap, The News Today, thenewstoday.info, June 23, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daza-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daza_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daza_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daza, Jullie Y. "<i>I Went to Your Wedding</i>", <i>High Profile</i>, The Magazine of <a href="/wiki/PAGCOR" class="mw-redirect" title="PAGCOR">PAGCOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagcor.ph">Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation</a>), Issue 3, Fall 2009, page 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About1_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stritof, Sheri and Bob Stritof. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marriage.about.com/od/philippines/a/philippines.htm">Philippines Marriage License Information</a>, Getting Married in The Republic of The Philippines, About.com Guide, marriage.about.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stritof, Sheri and Bob Stritof. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marriage.about.com/od/philippines/Philippine_Marriage_License_Information.htm">Philippine Marriage License Information</a>, About.com Guide, marriage.about.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EO209-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EO209_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EO209_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EO209_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chanrobles.com/executiveorderno209.htm">"The Family Code of the Philippines"</a>. Chan Robles Law Library. July 6, 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Family+Code+of+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Chan+Robles+Law+Library&rft.date=1987-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchanrobles.com%2Fexecutiveorderno209.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarriage+and+wedding+customs+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 16 of the Family Code.<sup id="cite_ref-EO209_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EO209-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CENOMAR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CENOMAR_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weddingsatwork.com/laws_cenomar.shtml">CENOMAR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315214801/http://www.weddingsatwork.com/laws_cenomar.shtml">Archived</a> 2010-03-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Weddings at Work (W@W). Retrieved on 4 March 2010, 14:54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMG-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMG_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslim-marriage-guide.com/filipino-wedding-traditions.html"><i>Pa-alam or the Wedding Announcement</i></a>, Filipino Wedding Traditions and Spanish Influence, muslim-marriage-guide.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PHVU-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PHVU_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/clothes1.htm"><i>Barong Tagalog</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202030802/http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/clothes1.htm">Archived</a> 2010-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, philippines.hvu.nl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetwork" class="citation web cs1">Network, Asia Wedding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiaweddingnetwork.com/en/magazine/expert-advice/57-17-things-you-need-to-know-when-attending-a-filipino-wedding">"Asia Wedding Magazine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+Wedding+Magazine&rft.aulast=Network&rft.aufirst=Asia+Wedding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasiaweddingnetwork.com%2Fen%2Fmagazine%2Fexpert-advice%2F57-17-things-you-need-to-know-when-attending-a-filipino-wedding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarriage+and+wedding+customs+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetwork" class="citation web cs1">Network, Asia Wedding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiaweddingnetwork.com/en/magazine/expert-advice/301-9-unspoken-rules-of-what-to-wear-to-a-chinese-wedding">"Asia Wedding Magazine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+Wedding+Magazine&rft.aulast=Network&rft.aufirst=Asia+Wedding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasiaweddingnetwork.com%2Fen%2Fmagazine%2Fexpert-advice%2F301-9-unspoken-rules-of-what-to-wear-to-a-chinese-wedding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarriage+and+wedding+customs+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ew3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ew3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.c. Halili, 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&dq=sampaguita+originally+from+sanskrit&pg=PA49">Philippine History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Bookstore">Rex Bookstore</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPCA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CPCA_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunt, Dee Dicen and Cora Sta. Ana-Gatbonton.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpcabrisbane.org/CPCA/IWSSForum.htm"><i>Filipino Sexuality, Filipino Women and Sexual Violence: Speaking Out and Providing Services</i></a>, cpcabrisbane.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justmauiweddings.com/">"Maui Weddings"</a>. www.justmauiweddings.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maui+Weddings&rft.pub=www.justmauiweddings.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justmauiweddings.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarriage+and+wedding+customs+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Cambodia" title="Marriage in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Cyprus" title="Marriage in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Indonesia" title="Marriage in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Iran" title="Marriage in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Israel" title="Marriage in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Japan" title="Marriage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Myanmar" title="Marriage in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weddings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weddings" title="Template:Weddings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weddings" title="Template talk:Weddings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weddings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Weddings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_wedding" title="Collective wedding">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wedding" title="White wedding">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal_planner" title="Marriage proposal planner">Marriage proposal planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal" title="Marriage proposal">Marriage proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">Wedding planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal registry">Bridal registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">Wedding invitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_and_doe" title="Stag and doe">Stag and doe party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">Marriage license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal_dinner" title="Rehearsal dinner">Rehearsal dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_chapel" title="Wedding chapel">Wedding chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage" title="Gretna Green">Gretna Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_weddings" title="Las Vegas weddings">Las Vegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera gloves">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter_(stockings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter (stockings)">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_arras" title="Las arras">Las arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">Wedding cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_favors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding favors">Wedding favors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Wedding mandap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring_cushion" title="Wedding ring cushion">Wedding ring cushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well_(wedding)" title="Wishing well (wedding)">Wishing well</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wedding ceremony participants">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">Bride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_brides" title="List of child brides">child bride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">Bridegroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_bridegrooms" title="List of child bridegrooms">child bridegroom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesman" title="Bridesman">Bridesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">Groomsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">Page boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">Officiant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahesta_Bero" title="Ahesta Bero">Ahesta Bero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">Bedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Chorus" title="Bridal Chorus">Bridal Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_dance" title="First dance">First dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wedding_Blessing" title="Indian Wedding Blessing">"Indian" Wedding Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_the_broom" title="Jumping the broom">Jumping the broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lychgate#Use_at_weddings" title="Lychgate">Lychgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_dance" title="Money dance">Money dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_music" title="Wedding music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polterabend" title="Polterabend">Polterabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_rice_ritual" title="Pounded rice ritual">Pounded rice ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyebaek" title="Pyebaek">Pyebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_the_dress" title="Trash the dress">Trash the dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">Unity candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)" title="Wedding March (Mendelssohn)">Wedding March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">Wedding cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake_topper" title="Wedding cake topper">Wedding cake topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_table" title="Cookie table">Cookie table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom%27s_cake" title="Groom's cake">Groom's cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochzeitssuppe" title="Hochzeitssuppe">Hochzeitssuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_cup" title="Loving cup">Loving cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_card" title="Place card">Place card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion<br />or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj (Sikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_wedding" title="Arab wedding">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayie" title="Ayie">Ayie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_wedding" title="Ayyavazhi wedding">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay_wedding" title="Brunei Malay wedding">Brunei Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese marriage">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pre-wedding_customs" title="Chinese pre-wedding customs">Pre-wedding customs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon wedding">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian wedding">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Poruwa ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani wedding">Saint Thomas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_wedding" title="Shinto wedding">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_wedding_traditions" title="Timorese wedding traditions">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country" title="Wedding customs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_in_Ethiopia" title="Wedding customs in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_weddings" title="Icelandic weddings">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_India" title="Weddings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_Myanmar" title="Weddings in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wedding_traditions" title="Ukrainian wedding traditions">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Weddings in the United States and Canada">United States and Canada</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_England_and_Wales" title="Marriage in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Scotland" title="Marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marriage_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of marriage in Great Britain and Ireland">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_wedding" title="Traditional Vietnamese wedding">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_registry" title="Honeymoon registry">Honeymoon registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consummation" title="Consummation">Consummation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">Marriage vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlywed" title="Newlywed">Newlywed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings" title="List of royal weddings">Royal weddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-uniting_marriage" title="Self-uniting marriage">Self-uniting marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_wedding" title="Shotgun wedding">Shotgun wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobstick_wedding" title="Knobstick wedding">Knobstick wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding crashing">Wedding crashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_vow_renewal_ceremony" title="Wedding vow renewal ceremony">Wedding vow renewal ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanless_wedding" title="Womanless wedding">Womanless wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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