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Sixtyfour per cent of the parasitized clutches contained one Cuckoo egg, 23% contained two, 10% had three and 3% had four. This means that 58% of the Cuckoo eggs were found in multiply parasitized clutches. In multiple parasitism the laying second Cuckoo removed an egg from the clutch randomly, so preferred neither the host eggs, nor the concurrent Cuckoo egg. Host response towards the parasitic eggs showed 66% acceptance, 12% ejection, 20% desertion and 2% egg burial. We found great variation in both the host and the parasitic egg colour and pattern. This reduces the chance that the parasitic egg's appearance matched that of the hosts' but, in spite of this, almost perfect mimesis was found in 28% of the Cuckoo eggs. Poorly mimetic Cuckoo eggs were more frequently rejected by Great Reed Warblers than parasite eggs that were very similar to the host eggs. This high level of mimicry sometimes makes it difficult for the observer to identify the parasitic egg, especially when it is similar in size to the host eggs. It is also difficult for the host, as shown by the relatively high recognition error and ejection cost.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"European Cuckoo Cuculus canorus parasitism and host's rejection behaviour in a heavily parasitized Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus population","attachmentId":44539252,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24207725/European_Cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_and_hosts_rejection_behaviour_in_a_heavily_parasitized_Great_Reed_Warbler_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_population","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24207725/European_Cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_and_hosts_rejection_behaviour_in_a_heavily_parasitized_Great_Reed_Warbler_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_population"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13628046" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628046/EGG_REJECTION_IN_MARSH_WARBLERS_ACROCEPHALUS_PALUSTRIS_HEAVILY_PARASITIZED_BY_COMMON_CUCKOOS_CUCULUS_CANORUS_">EGG REJECTION IN MARSH WARBLERS (ACROCEPHALUS PALUSTRIS) HEAVILY PARASITIZED BY COMMON CUCKOOS (CUCULUS CANORUS)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Auk, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-In the coevolutionary "arms race" between Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) and their hosts, several adaptations and counter-adaptations have evolved. Here, we investigated natural parasitism and host sensitivity to egg rejection in Marsh Warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) in Bulgaria. The level of Common Cuckoo parasitism was high (28%), and average mimicry of Common Cuckoo eggs was good. Experimental parasitism with four egg-types that showed various degrees of mimicry of the host eggs revealed a generally high rejection rate of foreign eggs (37.5-100%). In addition, naturally laid Common Cuckoo eggs were rejected at a moderate rate (50%). The Marsh Warbler's ability to reject foreign eggs was strongly dependent on the degree of mimicry of the parasite egg but apparently not on differences in size between host and foreign eggs. Furthermore, intraclutch variation in host egg appearance was not related to the probability of egg rejection. The Marsh Warbler's highly developed egg-recognition ability and the good mimicry of Common Cuckoo eggs suggests that this poorly known host-parasite arms race has reached an advanced stage. The present study provides new insight into variables that are important for egg rejection in a heavily parasitized host population.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"EGG REJECTION IN MARSH WARBLERS (ACROCEPHALUS PALUSTRIS) HEAVILY PARASITIZED BY COMMON CUCKOOS (CUCULUS CANORUS)","attachmentId":45132775,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628046/EGG_REJECTION_IN_MARSH_WARBLERS_ACROCEPHALUS_PALUSTRIS_HEAVILY_PARASITIZED_BY_COMMON_CUCKOOS_CUCULUS_CANORUS_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628046/EGG_REJECTION_IN_MARSH_WARBLERS_ACROCEPHALUS_PALUSTRIS_HEAVILY_PARASITIZED_BY_COMMON_CUCKOOS_CUCULUS_CANORUS_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="11046318" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11046318/Responses_of_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_to_experimental_brood_parasitism_the_effects_of_a_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_dummy_and_egg_mimicry">Responses of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus to experimental brood parasitism: the effects of a cuckoo Cuculus canorus dummy and egg mimicry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26720519" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TiborKisbenedek">Tibor Kisbenedek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Avian Biology, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">. Responses of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus to experimental brood parasitism: the effects of a cuckoo Cuculus canorus dummy and egg mimicry. -J. Avian Biol. 33: 420-425. Egg rejection behaviour towards parasitic eggs was studied in a great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus population in central Hungary, which was heavily (about 65%) parasitised by the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus. Clutches were experimentally parasitised during the egg-laying period with artificial, moderately mimetic cuckoo eggs or with conspecific eggs that were good mimics of the hosts' eggs. Great reed warblers rejected 76.2% of the artificial cuckoo eggs, mainly by ejection, but accepted most of the conspecific eggs (87.5%). Cuckoo eggs in naturally parasitised clutches were rejected at a lower rate (32%). When, in addition to the egg mimicry experiments, a stuffed cuckoo was placed near the nest, accompanied by the recording of a female cuckoo call, hosts' rejection rate of the artificial cuckoo egg increased from 76% to 96%. The sight of the cuckoo, on the other hand, did not influence host's rejection behaviour when a conspecific egg was used in the experiment. A stuffed collared dove Streptopelia decaocto, accompanied by its call, was used as a control, and did not cause any increased rejection. Great reed warblers were more aggressive towards the cuckoo than to the dove dummy. When the cuckoo eggs in naturally parasitised clutches were exchanged with artificial cuckoo eggs, we observed no increase in the rejection rate. We conclude that great reed warblers in our heavily parasitised population are capable of detecting brood parasitism in their clutch by identifying the parasitic egg. The efficiency of this identification depends mainly on the mimicry of the foreign egg. The sight of the cuckoo at the nest may increase rejection rate by stimulus summation, and this conditional effect is mainly affected by the degree of mimicry of the parasitic egg.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Responses of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus to experimental brood parasitism: the effects of a cuckoo Cuculus canorus dummy and egg mimicry","attachmentId":46947470,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11046318/Responses_of_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_to_experimental_brood_parasitism_the_effects_of_a_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_dummy_and_egg_mimicry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11046318/Responses_of_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_to_experimental_brood_parasitism_the_effects_of_a_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_dummy_and_egg_mimicry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="20005435" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20005435/Choosing_suitable_hosts_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitize_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_of_high_quality">Choosing suitable hosts: common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitize great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus of high quality</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40907658" href="https://sun.academia.edu/MichaelCherry">Michael Cherry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolutionary Ecology, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We investigated the hypothesis that the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus selects host pairs of good phenotypic quality. As there is some evidence that cuckoos may select hosts within a population non-randomly based on external cues reflecting their foster abilities, we predicted that great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus pairs parasitized by the cuckoo would exhibit higher quality than unparasitized ones. To test this assumption, we evaluated two different parameters indicating host quality: body condition and characteristics of host eggs. We found that parasitized females showed significantly better body condition than unparasitized ones, and the model showed that the probability of being parasitized by the cuckoos increased with increasing body condition. Moreover, the likelihood of being parasitized by a cuckoo within the great reed warbler population increased with decreasing colour variability within clutches: parasitized females allocated costly blue pigments to eggshells more equally compared with unparasitized ones. Our study revealed that cuckoos parasitize great reed warbler females of higher quality, as reflected in host body condition and egg colour characteristics. In highly mimetic systems, cuckoos may choose to parasitize hosts with eggs displaying low intraclutch variation, both because this leads to reduced rejection and because these hosts are of high quality.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Choosing suitable hosts: common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitize great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus of high quality","attachmentId":41156361,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20005435/Choosing_suitable_hosts_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitize_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_of_high_quality","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20005435/Choosing_suitable_hosts_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitize_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus_of_high_quality"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="13628048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628048/Factors_influencing_the_risk_of_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_on_marsh_warblers_Acrocephalus_palustris">Factors influencing the risk of common cuckoo Cuculus canorus parasitism on marsh warblers Acrocephalus palustris</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Avian Biology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we investigated the influence of nest site characteristics, laying date and nest size in marsh warblers Acrocephalus palustris on the risk of parasitism by common cuckoos Cuculus canorus . Marsh warblers breed in more diverse and dense herbaceous vegetation than other cuckoo hosts investigated in comparable studies. The ''perch proximity'' hypothesis was supported as parasitized nests were situated closer to trees than non-parasitized ones. Furthermore, demonstrated for the first time in a cuckoo host, tree height was an important predictor of parasitism, with higher trees increasing the parasitism odds ratio. The ''nest exposure'' hypothesis was also supported since parasitized nests had a shorter stand of vegetation in the close vicinity than non-parasitized nests. However, visibility of the nest from the nearest potential cuckoo perch (cuckoo view) was not selected by the model, probably because most nests were well concealed. Laying date, height of nest above ground and the distance from the nest to the nearest edge of the vegetation were not important predictors of parasitism. Though smaller nests tended to be parasitized more frequently than larger ones, nest size only approached significance, making its importance unclear.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors influencing the risk of common cuckoo Cuculus canorus parasitism on marsh warblers Acrocephalus palustris","attachmentId":45132567,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628048/Factors_influencing_the_risk_of_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_on_marsh_warblers_Acrocephalus_palustris","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628048/Factors_influencing_the_risk_of_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_on_marsh_warblers_Acrocephalus_palustris"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13628023" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628023/Common_Cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_and_host_behaviour_at_Reed_Warbler_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_nests">Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus and host behaviour at Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus nests</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32935404" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PerOlsen1">Per Olsen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ibis, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study is based on continuous video recordings made at 53 Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus nests each day during the laying period. Egg-laying by the Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus was recorded in 14 (26.4%) of these nests. By analysing the activity of the host birds around and at the nest, we found that this is probably not the only cue used by the Common Cuckoo when locating suitable nests to parasitize. Furthermore, in most cases there was no significant difference between the length of time the host birds spent a t the nest in the morning and afternoon, thus providing little support for the hypothesis that the Common Cuckoo lays in the afternoon because it is less likely to be seen by the nest owners then. Parasitized Reed Warblers rejected the Common Cuckoo egg more frequently when they observed the parasite at their nests. However, contrary to what should be expected, most Common Cuckoos laid their eggs in the presence of the host(s), and in general their egg-laying behaviour (for cxamplc duration of stay at the nest) was less secretive than described earlier. When partially depredating host clutches, Cuckoos showed the same behavioural pattern at parasitized and unparasitized nests, indicating that the latter may act as a potential reserve for egg-laying.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus and host behaviour at Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus nests","attachmentId":45132584,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628023/Common_Cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_and_host_behaviour_at_Reed_Warbler_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_nests","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628023/Common_Cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_and_host_behaviour_at_Reed_Warbler_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_nests"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="13628039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628039/Rejection_of_artificial_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_eggs_in_relation_to_variation_in_egg_appearance_among_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_">Rejection of artificial cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs in relation to variation in egg appearance among reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Passerines that are exposed to brood parasitism can evolve reduced intraclutch variation in egg appearance to facilitate recognition and rejection of the parasitic egg. This has been shown to be true for European passerine species that are assumed to have participated in an evolutionary arms race with the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). However, few investigations have been carried out with the aim of ¢nding out whether there is a relationship between these two traits within a species. In this study, we compare the level of intraclutch variation in egg appearance and the rejection of an unlike parasitic egg within a population of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic. We parasitized reed warbler nests with an arti¢cial non-mimetic cuckoo egg, and then monitored the reaction of the hosts. In 27 out of 48 nests (56.3%) the parasitic egg was rejected. The rejecter pairs had a statistically signi¢cantly lower intraclutch variation in egg appearance than the acceptor pairs. We discuss possible explanations for the observed relationship between rejection of unlike eggs and intraclutch variation in egg appearance within this population of reed warblers. The results are consistent with the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, but the intermediate rejection rate found in this population could also be maintained by an equilibrium between acceptors and rejecters due to rejection costs.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rejection of artificial cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs in relation to variation in egg appearance among reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)","attachmentId":45132593,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628039/Rejection_of_artificial_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_eggs_in_relation_to_variation_in_egg_appearance_among_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628039/Rejection_of_artificial_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_eggs_in_relation_to_variation_in_egg_appearance_among_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13628026" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628026/Breeding_success_of_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitising_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers">Breeding success of common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitising four sympatric species of Acrocephalus warblers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46656102" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelHonza">Marcel Honza</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32954469" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeirRudolfsen">Geir Rudolfsen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Avian Biology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Breeding success of common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitising four sympatric species of Acrocephalus warblers. Á/ J. Avian Biol. 35: 394 Á/398.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Breeding success of common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitising four sympatric species of Acrocephalus warblers","attachmentId":45132581,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628026/Breeding_success_of_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitising_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628026/Breeding_success_of_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitising_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="123937298" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123937298/Factors_contributing_to_the_acceptance_rejection_of_parasitic_eggs_in_the_great_reed_warbler_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus">Factors contributing to the acceptance/rejection of parasitic eggs in the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11762798" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnikoZolei">Aniko Zolei</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">References for the Introduction of the present dissertation Bártol I, Karcza Z, Moskát C, Røskaft E & Kisbenedek T 2002: Responses of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus to experimental brood parasitism: the effects of a cuckoo Cuculus canorus dummy and egg mimicry. J Avian Biol 33: 420-425 Boerner M & Krüger O 2008: Why do parasitic cuckoos have small brains? Insights from evolutionary sequence analyses. Evolution 62: 3157-3169 Davies NB & Brooke ML 1989: An experimental study of co-evolution between the cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and its hosts. II. Host egg markings, chick discrimination and general discussion. J</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors contributing to the acceptance/rejection of parasitic eggs in the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus","attachmentId":118256485,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123937298/Factors_contributing_to_the_acceptance_rejection_of_parasitic_eggs_in_the_great_reed_warbler_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123937298/Factors_contributing_to_the_acceptance_rejection_of_parasitic_eggs_in_the_great_reed_warbler_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13889076" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13889076/Continuous_Variation_Rather_than_Specialization_in_the_Egg_Phenotypes_of_Cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_Parasitizing_Two_Sympatric_Reed_Warbler_Species">Continuous Variation Rather than Specialization in the Egg Phenotypes of Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) Parasitizing Two Sympatric Reed Warbler Species</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32962926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrzejDyrcz">Andrzej Dyrcz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33006915" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JoannaSudyka">Joanna Sudyka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The evolution of brood parasitism has long attracted considerable attention among behavioural ecologists, especially in the common cuckoo system. Common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) are obligatory brood parasites, laying eggs in nests of passerines and specializing on specific host species. Specialized races of cuckoos are genetically distinct. Often in a given area, cuckoos encounter multiple hosts showing substantial variation in egg morphology. Exploiting different hosts should lead to egg-phenotype specialization in cuckoos to match egg phenotypes of the hosts. Here we test this assumption using a wild population of two sympatrically occurring host species: the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and reed warbler (A. scirpaceus). Using colour spectrophotometry, egg shell dynamometry and egg size measurements, we studied egg morphologies of cuckoos parasitizing these two hosts. In spite of observing clear differences between host egg phenotypes, we found no clear differences in cuckoo egg morphologies. Interestingly, although chromatically cuckoo eggs were more similar to reed warbler eggs, after taking into account achromatic differences, cuckoo eggs seemed to be equally similar to both host species. We hypothesize that such pattern may represent an initial stage of an averaging strategy of cuckoos, that -instead of specializing for specific hosts or exploiting only one host -adapt to multiple hosts. Citation: Drobniak SM, Dyrcz A, Sudyka J, Cichoń M (2014) Continuous Variation Rather than Specialization in the Egg Phenotypes of Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) Parasitizing Two Sympatric Reed Warbler Species. PLoS ONE 9(9): e106650.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Continuous Variation Rather than Specialization in the Egg Phenotypes of Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) Parasitizing Two Sympatric Reed Warbler Species","attachmentId":44834009,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13889076/Continuous_Variation_Rather_than_Specialization_in_the_Egg_Phenotypes_of_Cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_Parasitizing_Two_Sympatric_Reed_Warbler_Species","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13889076/Continuous_Variation_Rather_than_Specialization_in_the_Egg_Phenotypes_of_Cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_Parasitizing_Two_Sympatric_Reed_Warbler_Species"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":94098477,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":94098477,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_94098477" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="13628031" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628031/The_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_is_not_locally_adapted_to_its_reed_warbler_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_host">The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is not locally adapted to its reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus host</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34324332" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HJensen2">H. Jensen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51610248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FFossoy">F. Fossoy</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is not locally adapted to its reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus host","attachmentId":45132777,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628031/The_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_is_not_locally_adapted_to_its_reed_warbler_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_host","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/R%C3%B8skaft">Eivin Røskaft</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Condor, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Egg mimicry in cuckoos parasitizing four sympatric species of Acrocephalus warblers","attachmentId":73040174,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58807138/Egg_mimicry_in_cuckoos_parasitizing_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58807138/Egg_mimicry_in_cuckoos_parasitizing_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13628002" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628002/Responses_of_Reed_Warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_to_Non_Mimetic_Eggs_of_Different_Sizes_in_a_Nest_Parasitism_Experiment">Responses of Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus to Non-Mimetic Eggs of Different Sizes in a Nest Parasitism Experiment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Ornithologica, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Responses of Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus to Non-Mimetic Eggs of Different Sizes in a Nest Parasitism Experiment","attachmentId":45132592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628002/Responses_of_Reed_Warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_to_Non_Mimetic_Eggs_of_Different_Sizes_in_a_Nest_Parasitism_Experiment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628002/Responses_of_Reed_Warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_to_Non_Mimetic_Eggs_of_Different_Sizes_in_a_Nest_Parasitism_Experiment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13628034" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628034/CuckooCuclus_canorus_parasitism_onAcrocephalus_Warblers_in_Southern_Moravia_in_The_Czech_Republic">CuckooCuclus canorus parasitism onAcrocephalus Warblers in Southern Moravia in The Czech Republic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ornithology, 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CuckooCuclus canorus parasitism onAcrocephalus Warblers in Southern Moravia in The Czech Republic","attachmentId":45132558,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628034/CuckooCuclus_canorus_parasitism_onAcrocephalus_Warblers_in_Southern_Moravia_in_The_Czech_Republic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628034/CuckooCuclus_canorus_parasitism_onAcrocephalus_Warblers_in_Southern_Moravia_in_The_Czech_Republic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="54542354" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54542354/Common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_parasitism_antiparasite_defence_and_gene_flow_in_closely_located_populations_of_great_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_arundinaceus">Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus parasitism, antiparasite defence and gene flow in closely located populations of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author 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Cuculus canorus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51468683" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JesusAviles8">Jesus Aviles</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental conditions influence egg color of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus and their parasite, the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus","attachmentId":47607747,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27352984/Environmental_conditions_influence_egg_color_of_reed_warblers_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus_and_their_parasite_the_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Auk, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Affecting Reed Warbler Risk of Brood Parasitism by the Common Cuckoo","attachmentId":45132598,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628006/Factors_Affecting_Reed_Warbler_Risk_of_Brood_Parasitism_by_the_Common_Cuckoo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in reed habitats in NW</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36347448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatalinVarga2">Katalin Varga</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9433354" href="https://unideb.academia.edu/ThomasOliverM%C3%A9r%C5%91">Thomas Oliver Mérő</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24084545" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntunZuljevic">Antun Zuljevic</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"original scientific paper/izvorni znanstveni rad BREEDING OF THE BROOD PARASITIC COMMON CUCKOO (CUCULUS CANORUS) IN REED HABITATS IN NW VOJVODINA, 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