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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Styl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontvangs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontvangs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ontvangs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontvangs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Galery</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rachel Ruysch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 32 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="راشيل رويش – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راشيل رويش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="راتشيل رويستش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راتشيل رويستش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruyschov%C3%A1" title="Rachel Ruyschová – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rachel Ruyschová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Ράχελ Ρόις – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράχελ Ρόις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A9" title="רחל ראוש – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רחל ראוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9" title="ラッヘル・ライス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラッヘル・ライス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%85" title="Рахел Рејсх – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рахел Рејсх" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8E%D0%B9%D1%88,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рюйш, Рашель – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рюйш, Рашель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruyschov%C3%A1" title="Rachel Ruyschová – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rachel Ruyschová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D1%85" title="Рахел Ројсх – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рахел Ројсх" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Rachel Ruysch – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rachel Ruysch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D1%8E%D0%B9%D1%88" title="Рахел Рюйш – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рахел Рюйш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Rachel_Ruysch" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ruysch"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em; text-align:left; font-size:88%; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background-color:#BCD4E6;">Rachel Ruysch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Rachel_Ruysch_by_Godfried_Schalcken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="685" /></a></span><br /><span style="">Portret van Rachel Ruysch deur Godfried Schalcken</span></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="text-align:left; line-height: 1.3em">Gebore</th> <td class="" style="line-height: 1.3em"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1664-06-03</span>)</span>3 Junie 1664<br /><a href="/wiki/Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">Den Haag</a>, Nederland</td></tr><tr class=""><th style="text-align:left; line-height: 1.3em">Sterf</th> <td class="" style="line-height: 1.3em">12 Oktober 1750 (op 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="text-align:left; line-height: 1.3em">Nasionaliteit</th> <td class="category" style="line-height: 1.3em">Nederlander</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Rachel Ruysch</b> (3 Junie 1664 – 12 Oktober 1750)<sup id="cite_ref-inghist_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inghist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was 'n Nederlandse stillewe-skilder uit <a href="/wiki/Republiek_van_die_Sewe_Verenigde_Nederlande" title="Republiek van die Sewe Verenigde Nederlande">Noord-Nederland</a>. Sy het in blomme gespesialiseer, haar eie styl uitgedink en internasionale roem in haar leeftyd verwerf. As gevolg van 'n lang en suksesvolle loopbaan wat oor ses dekades gestrek het, het sy die bes gedokumenteerde vroueskilder van die <a href="/wiki/Goue_Eeu" title="Goue Eeu">Nederlandse Goue Eeu</a> geword.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lewe_en_werk">Lewe en werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Lewe en werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lewe en werk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png/220px-Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png/330px-Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png/440px-Aert_Schouman_Jacob_Houbraken_-_Juriaan_Pool_and_Rachel_Pool_geboren_Ruisch.png 2x" data-file-width="3215" data-file-height="4872" /></a><figcaption> Juriaan Pool en sy vrou Rachel Pool, gebore Ruisch, op die ouderdom van 84. Teen daardie tyd was hy reeds oorlede.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rachel Ruysch is op 3 Junie 1664 in <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">Den Haag</a> gebore uit die huwelik van die wetenskaplike Frederik Ruysch en Maria Post, die dogter van die argitek Pieter Post. Haar pa was ook 'n professor in <a href="/wiki/Anatomie" title="Anatomie">anatomie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde">plantkunde</a> en 'n amateurskilder.<sup id="cite_ref-(1)_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(1)-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het 'n groot versameling dieregeraamtes gehad, en minerale en <a href="/wiki/Plantkundige" title="Plantkundige">plantkundige</a> monsters wat Rachel gebruik het om haar tekenvaardighede mee te oefen.<sup id="cite_ref-chad_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chad-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 'n jong ouderdom het sy begin om die <a href="/wiki/Blom" title="Blom">blomme</a> en <a href="/wiki/Insek" title="Insek">insekte</a> van haar pa se versameling te skilder op die gewilde manier van Otto Marseus van Schrieck. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deur van hierdie voorbeelde af te werk, het dit geblyk dat Rachel haar pa se talent om die <a href="/wiki/Natuur" title="Natuur">natuur</a> met groot akkuraatheid uit te beeld, ge-erf het.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, soos wat Rachel meer bekwaam geword het, het sy haar pa (en ook haar suster, Anna Ruysch) geleer hoe om te skilder.  </p><p>In 1679, op die ouderdom van vyftien, het Ruysch 'n vakleerlingskap by Willem van Aelst, 'n prominente blommeskilder in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> gekry. Sy ateljee in Amsterdam het uitgekyk oor die ateljee van die blommeskilder Maria van Oosterwijck. Ruysch het by van Aelst studeer tot en met sy dood in 1683. <sup id="cite_ref-(2)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(2)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Behalwe vir skildertegniek het hy haar ook geleer hoe om 'n ruiker in 'n vaas te rangskik sodat dit spontaan en minder geformaliseer lyk. Hierdie tegniek het 'n meer realistiese en driedimensionele effek in haar skilderye gelewer. Teen die tyd dat Ruysch agtien was, het sy onafhanklik getekende werke vervaardig en verkoop.<sup id="cite_ref-(4)_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy sou ook die blomskilders Jan en Maria Moninckx, Alida Withoos en Johanna Helena Herolt-Graff wat almal ongeveer haar ouderdom was geken en met hulle saamgekuier het. Hulle het vir die hortus-eienaar Agnes Block gewerk, wat, soos haar pa, ook saam met die plantversamelaars Jan en Caspar Commelin gewerk het. </p><p>In 1693 trou sy met die Amsterdamse portretskilder Juriaen Pool, by wie sy tien kinders gehad het. Gedurende haar huwelik en volwasse lewe het sy voortgegaan om te skilder en kommissies vir 'n internasionale kring van beskermhere te vervaardig.<sup id="cite_ref-(4)_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar is van ander vroue in hierdie tydperk verwag om deel te neem aan kunsvorme wat meer tradisioneel deur vroue beoefen was, soos naaldwerk en spin. Ruysch het egter voortgegaan om as skilder te werk nadat sy getroud is, meestal omdat haar bydrae tot die gesin se inkomste hulle toegelaat het om hulp te huur om na hul kinders om te sien.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ruysch is op 12 Oktober 1750 in Amsterdam oorlede. Na haar dood, ondanks veranderende houdings en opvattings rakende blomskilderye, het Ruysch se reputasie steeds sterk gestaan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werke">Werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Roses,_Convolvulus,_Poppies,_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/220px-Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/330px-Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/440px-Roses%2C_Convolvulus%2C_Poppies%2C_and_Other_Flowers_in_an_Urn_on_a_Stone_Ledge_-_Rachel_Ruysch_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6618" data-file-height="8524" /></a><figcaption> <i>Rose, convolvulus, papawers en ander blomme in 'n vaas op 'n kliplys</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Dit is onbekend of Ruysch 'n lid van die Amsterdamse Gilde van Sint Lukas was, maar vroeë getekende werke deur haar in die 1680's toon die invloed van Otto Marseus van Schrieck. Teen 1699 het sy en haar gesin na Den Haag verhuis, waar sy lidmaatskap van die Confrerie Pictura as hul eerste vroulike lid aangebied is. <sup id="cite_ref-inghist_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inghist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1701 word sy en haar man lede van die Haagse Skildergilde. In 1708 is Ruysch genooi om vir die hof in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> te werk en dien as hofskilder vir Johann Wilhelm, keurvors Palatyn.<sup id="cite_ref-inghist_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inghist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy het 'n kontrak gekry vir werke wat by die huis geverf is wat sy periodiek na Düsseldorf gebring het.<sup id="cite_ref-inghist_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inghist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy het van 1708 tot die prins se dood in 1716 vir hom en sy vrou bly werk. </p><p>Kunshistorici beskou Ruysch as een van die mees talentvolle stillewekunstenaars van enige geslag.<sup id="cite_ref-(2)_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(2)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Teen die tyd van haar dood op die ouderdom van 86 het sy honderde skilderye geskep, waarvan meer as 250 gedokumenteer is of aan haar toegeskryf word. <sup id="cite_ref-(4)_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haar gedateerde werke dui aan dat sy vanaf die ouderdom van 15 totdat sy 83 was, geskilder het, slegs 'n paar jaar voor haar afsterwe. Geskiedkundiges kan dit met sekerheid vasstel omdat sy haar ouderdom by die ondertekening van haar skilderye ingesluit het.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styl">Styl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Styl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Styl"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruysch het 'n besondere stewige begrip van teken en die tegnieke van vroeëre tradisies gehad. Hierdie kennis het haar skildervermoëns verbeter. Stilisties was haar kunswerk, met sy speelse komposisie en briljante kleure, deel van die <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>-beweging. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy het uitgebreide aandag aan alle besonderhede in haar werk gegee. Elke blomblaar is noukeurig geskep deur middel van delikate kwaswerk. <sup id="cite_ref-renraw1933_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renraw1933-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die agtergrond van Ruysch se skilderye is gewoonlik donker wat die mode vir blomskildery in die tweede helfte van die 17de eeu was. Haar asimmetriese komposisies met hangende blomme en wilde stingels het skilderye geskep wat skynbaar sterk energie uitgestraal het. </p><p>In haar vroeë werk het Ruysch 'n groot aantal bosvloerprente geskilder wat klein diere, reptiele, skoenlappers en <a href="/wiki/Swam" title="Swam">swamme</a> vertoon. Sy het later blommeverf as haar grootste fokus aangeneem en het tot haar dood voortgegaan om te skilder. Sy het sodoende die 17de-eeuse styl voortgesit tot in die middel van die volgende eeu.<sup id="cite_ref-stjames_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stjames-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ruysch se vaardigheid was geleë in die fyn waarneming van elke blom op 'n uiters naturalistiese wyse, saamgestel in 'n uitgebreide rangskikking wat baie moeilik in die natuur bereik sou kon word – die blomme sou mekaar nie so goed onder so 'n rangskikking ondersteun nie. In ooreenstemming met die meeste blomstukke uit die laaste derde van die 17de eeu, is die kleure van die blomme baie noukeuriger gebalanseer as in die vroeëre prente. </p><p>Die simboliek van elke blom is uitvoerig ontwikkel in die 17de eeu, maar die meeste hiervan het betrekking op die plasing van 'n enkele blom in 'n Vanitas- stuk. Behalwe Jan van Huysum het geen 18de-eeuse blommeskilder die vaardigheid van Rachel Ruysch bereik nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontvangs">Ontvangs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Ontvangs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ontvangs"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruysch het in haar leeftyd groot roem en reputasie geniet. Toe sy in 1750 oorlede is, het elf digters hul eer aan haar betoon met gedigte oor haar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die 17de eeu was die Nederlanders baie geïnteresseerd in blomme en tuinmaak, en daarom is skilderye wat die skoonheid van die natuur beklemtoon het, hoog op prys gestel. Dit het gehelp om Ruysch se kliënte-basis deurgaans in haar loopbaan uit te brei en in stand te hou. <sup id="cite_ref-(4)_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In haar leeftyd is haar skilderye teen pryse van so hoog as 750–1200 gulde verkoop. In vergelyking het <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_van_Rijn" title="Rembrandt van Rijn">Rembrandt</a> in sy leeftyd selde meer as 500 gulde vir 'n skildery ontvang.<sup id="cite_ref-(6)_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(6)-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999 is 'n skildery deur Ruysch in 'n plaashuis in <a href="/wiki/Normandi%C3%AB" title="Normandië">Normandië</a> ontdek en is op 'n veiling verkoop vir 2,9 miljoen Franse frank, sowat <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">VS$</a> 508 000.<sup id="cite_ref-(4)_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Maart 2021 is Ruysch se werk by die "Gallery of Honour" by die <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a> gevoeg. Ruysch, tesame met Gesina ter Borch en Judith Leyster is die eerste vroue wat by die galery ingesluit is.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_Magazine_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian_Magazine-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Artnet_News_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnet_News-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galery">Galery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Galery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Galery"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Rachel Ruysch's works</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blomme op 'n boomstam; dit is 'n tipiese voorbeeld van die "bosvloer"-genre wat deur Marseus van Schrieck gewild gemaak is"><img alt="Blomme op 'n boomstam; dit is 'n tipiese voorbeeld van die "bosvloer"-genre wat deur Marseus van Schrieck gewild gemaak is" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg/221px-Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg/331px-Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg/442px-Rachel_Ruysch_Flowers_on_a_Tree_Trunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blomme op 'n boomstam; dit is 'n tipiese voorbeeld van die "bosvloer"-genre wat deur Marseus van Schrieck gewild gemaak is</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Blumenstilleben.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blomme op 'n klipblad - haar mees algemene styl omstreeks 1700"><img alt="Blomme op 'n klipblad - haar mees algemene styl omstreeks 1700" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blumenstilleben.jpg/219px-Blumenstilleben.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blumenstilleben.jpg/328px-Blumenstilleben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Blumenstilleben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blomme op 'n klipblad - haar mees algemene styl omstreeks 1700</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mandjie met blomme, 1711"><img alt="Mandjie met blomme, 1711" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg/394px-Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg/591px-Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg/788px-Rachel_Ruysch_-_Basket_of_Flowers_-_WGA20551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mandjie met blomme, 1711</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Stillewe met blomme"><img alt="Stillewe met blomme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif/lossy-page1-219px-M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif/lossy-page1-328px-M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif/lossy-page1-438px-M%C3%A5lning._Blomsterstycke._Rachel_Ruysch_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86742.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3558" data-file-height="4584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stillewe met blomme</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:RRuysch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rachel Ruysch, Stillewe met ruiker blomme en pruime, 1704, Koninklike Museums van Beeldende Kunste van België"><img alt="Rachel Ruysch, Stillewe met ruiker blomme en pruime, 1704, Koninklike Museums van Beeldende Kunste van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RRuysch.jpg/203px-RRuysch.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RRuysch.jpg/304px-RRuysch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RRuysch.jpg/405px-RRuysch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rachel Ruysch, <i>Stillewe met ruiker blomme en pruime</i>, 1704, Koninklike Museums van Beeldende Kunste van België</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-inghist-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-inghist_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-inghist_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-inghist_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-inghist_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKoojimans2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Koojimans, Luuc (13 Januarie 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Ruysch,%20Rachel">"Ruysch, Rachel (1664-1750)"</a>. <i>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland</i> (in Nederlands)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Februarie</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digitaal+Vrouwenlexicon+van+Nederland&rft.atitle=Ruysch%2C+Rachel+%281664-1750%29&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.aulast=Koojimans&rft.aufirst=Luuc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.huygens.knaw.nl%2Fvrouwenlexicon%2Flemmata%2Fdata%2FRuysch%2C%2520Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Ruysch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ruysch-rachel/">https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ruysch-rachel/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(1)-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(1)_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keyes, George S. (2004). <i>Masters of Dutch Painting</i> (1st ed.). Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts. pp. 212–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chad-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chad_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Whitney (1990). <i>Women, Art, and Society</i> (1st ed.). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson. p. 138. ISBN <bdi>9780500202418</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edepot.wur.nl/333155">"Alida Withoos en haar werk – Bosstillevens"</a> (in Nederlands). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wageningen_University_and_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wageningen University and Research (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wageningen University and Research</a>. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Februarie</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alida+Withoos+en+haar+werk+%E2%80%93+Bosstillevens&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Wageningen+University+and+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedepot.wur.nl%2F333155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sterling, Susan Fisher; Heller, Nancy G. (18 November 2000). <i>Women artists : works from the National Museum of Women in the arts</i>. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Women in the Arts. p. 35. ISBN <bdi>978-0847822904</bdi>. OCLC 954866669.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(2)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(2)_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(2)_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell" class="citation web cs1">Mitchell, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T074728?q=rachel+ruysch&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1">"Ruysch, Rachel"</a>. <i>oxfordartonline.com</i>. Grove Art Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 Oktober</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxfordartonline.com&rft.atitle=Ruysch%2C+Rachel&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fart%2FT074728%3Fq%3Drachel%2Bruysch%26search%3Dquick%26pos%3D1%26_start%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(4)-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(4)_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(4)_8-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(4)_8-2">8,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(4)_8-3">8,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-(4)_8-4">8,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Rachel_Ruysch.aspx">"Rachel Ruysch"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>. Encyclopedia of World Biography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 Oktober</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Rachel+Ruysch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FRachel_Ruysch.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell, Margarita (1981). "The Women Painters in Houbraken's Groote Schouburgh". <i>Woman's Art Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 7–11. doi:10.2307/1357893. JSTOR 1357893</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Ruysch, Dutch painter: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rachel-Ruysch">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rachel-Ruysch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Ruysch, 1664–1750: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nmwa.org/art/artists/rachel-ruysch/">https://nmwa.org/art/artists/rachel-ruysch/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vigué, Jordi (2002). <i>Great Women Masters of Art</i>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 129. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8230-2114-7</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-renraw1933-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-renraw1933_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Renraw, R. (1933). "Art of Rachel Ruysch". <i>The Connoisseur</i>. Art Index Retrospective. <b>92</b> (388): 397–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stjames-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stjames_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, St. (1990). <i>International dictionary of Art and Artists</i>. St. James. ISBN <bdi>978-1-55862-001-8</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Ruysch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/women-artists/still-life-of-flowers-with-butterflies-insects-a">https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/women-artists/still-life-of-flowers-with-butterflies-insects-a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(6)-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(6)_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tufts, Eleanor (1974). <i>Our Hidden Heritage: Five Centuries Of Women Artists</i> (1st ed.). New York: Paddington Press. pp. 99–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian_Magazine-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_Magazine_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreevy" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">McGreevy, Nora. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rijksmuseum-will-display-work-women-artists-its-gallery-honour-first-time-180977209/">"For the First Time in Its 200-Year History, the Rijksmuseum Features Women Artists in 'Gallery of Honour'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 Maart</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=For+the+First+Time+in+Its+200-Year+History%2C+the+Rijksmuseum+Features+Women+Artists+in+%27Gallery+of+Honour%27&rft.aulast=McGreevy&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Frijksmuseum-will-display-work-women-artists-its-gallery-honour-first-time-180977209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artnet_News-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Artnet_News_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rijksmuseum-female-artists-gallery-of-honor-1950686?">"For the First Time Ever, the Rijksmuseum Will Hang Works by Female Dutch Masters in Its Most Prestigious Gallery"</a>. <i>Artnet News</i>. 11 Maart 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 Maart</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artnet+News&rft.atitle=For+the+First+Time+Ever%2C+the+Rijksmuseum+Will+Hang+Works+by+Female+Dutch+Masters+in+Its+Most+Prestigious+Gallery&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Frijksmuseum-female-artists-gallery-of-honor-1950686%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Ruysch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Ruysch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gadflyonline.com/01-14-02/ftr-women.html">Old Masters: Overlooked Women Artists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubhist.com/person/32/rachel-ruysch">Works and literature on Rachel Ruysch</a> at PubHist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/roses-convolvulus-poppies-and-other-flowers-in-an-urn-on-a-stone-ledge/GQEBqDkl0_2urQ">Flowers in an Urn Zoomable</a> at google</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234385&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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