CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bereavement in Judaism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a8c17ed8-928e-4bad-98c3-3118a842b104","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bereavement_in_Judaism","wgTitle":"Bereavement in Judaism","wgCurRevisionId":1279810244,"wgRevisionId":1279810244,"wgArticleId":2587694,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from March 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Yiddish-language text","Articles containing Ladino-language text","Articles containing Persian-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023","Webarchive template wayback links","Bereavement in Judaism","Cultural aspects of death","Jewish life cycle"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bereavement_in_Judaism","wgRelevantArticleId":2587694,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Aveilut","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism#Terminology_and_timing","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2524956","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bereavement in Judaism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism#Terminology_and_timing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism#Terminology_and_timing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bereavement_in_Judaism rootpage-Bereavement_in_Judaism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bereavement+in+Judaism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bereavement+in+Judaism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bereavement+in+Judaism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bereavement+in+Judaism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mourners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mourners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mourners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upon_receiving_news_of_the_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upon_receiving_news_of_the_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Upon receiving news of the death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upon_receiving_news_of_the_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology_and_timing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology_and_timing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Terminology and timing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology_and_timing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chevra_kadisha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chevra_kadisha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chevra kadisha</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chevra_kadisha-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chevra kadisha subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chevra_kadisha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preparing_the_body_–_taharah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparing_the_body_–_taharah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Preparing the body – <i>taharah</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparing_the_body_–_taharah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funeral service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funeral_service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Funeral service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Funeral_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keriah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keriah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Keriah</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keriah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eulogies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eulogies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Eulogies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eulogies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Days_of_"no_eulogy"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Days_of_"no_eulogy""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Days of "no eulogy"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Days_of_"no_eulogy"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Burial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mourning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mourning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mourning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mourning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mourning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aninut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aninut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><i>Aninut</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aninut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avelut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avelut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Avelut</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avelut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shiva_–_seven_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shiva_–_seven_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span><i>Shiva</i> – seven days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shiva_–_seven_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shloshim_–_thirty_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shloshim_–_thirty_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span><i>Shloshim</i> – thirty days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shloshim_–_thirty_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shneim_asar_chodesh_–_twelve_months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shneim_asar_chodesh_–_twelve_months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span><i>Shneim asar chodesh</i> – twelve months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shneim_asar_chodesh_–_twelve_months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unveiling_of_the_tombstone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unveiling_of_the_tombstone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Unveiling of the tombstone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unveiling_of_the_tombstone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_remembrances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_remembrances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Annual remembrances</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annual_remembrances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Annual remembrances subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annual_remembrances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anniversary_of_death_(yortseyt)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anniversary_of_death_(yortseyt)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Anniversary of death (<i>yortseyt</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anniversary_of_death_(yortseyt)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Commemorating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visiting_the_gravesite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visiting_the_gravesite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Visiting the gravesite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visiting_the_gravesite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorial_through_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorial_through_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Memorial through prayer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Memorial_through_prayer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Memorial through prayer subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Memorial_through_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mourner's_Kaddish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourner's_Kaddish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Mourner's Kaddish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mourner's_Kaddish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hashkabóth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hashkabóth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hashkabóth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hashkabóth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yizkor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yizkor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Yizkor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yizkor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Av_HaRachamim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Av_HaRachamim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Av HaRachamim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Av_HaRachamim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elevation_of_the_soul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elevation_of_the_soul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Elevation of the soul</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elevation_of_the_soul-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elevation of the soul subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elevation_of_the_soul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tikkun_(sponsoring_food)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tikkun_(sponsoring_food)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Tikkun (sponsoring food)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tikkun_(sponsoring_food)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communal_responses_to_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communal_responses_to_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Communal responses to death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Communal_responses_to_death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Communal responses to death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Communal_responses_to_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zihui_Korbanot_Asson_(ZAKA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zihui_Korbanot_Asson_(ZAKA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span><i>Zihui Korbanot Asson</i> (ZAKA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zihui_Korbanot_Asson_(ZAKA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association_(HFBA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association_(HFBA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span><i>Hebrew Free Burial Association</i> (HFBA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association_(HFBA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_Benevolent_Society_of_Los_Angeles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_Benevolent_Society_of_Los_Angeles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Benevolent_Society_of_Los_Angeles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_following_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_following_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Controversy following death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy_following_death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversy following death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy_following_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Donating_organs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donating_organs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Donating organs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donating_organs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_view_of_cremation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_view_of_cremation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Jewish view of cremation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_view_of_cremation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Suicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tattoos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tattoos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Tattoos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tattoos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_an_apostate_Jew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_an_apostate_Jew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Death of an apostate Jew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_an_apostate_Jew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Days_of_remembrance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Days_of_remembrance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Days of remembrance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Days_of_remembrance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bereavement in Judaism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dol_en_el_judaisme" title="Dol en el judaisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dol en el judaisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_zp%C5%AFsob_poh%C5%99b%C3%ADv%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Židovský způsob pohřbívání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Židovský způsob pohřbívání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCdische_Bestattung" title="Jüdische Bestattung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jüdische Bestattung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuil_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme" title="Deuil dans le judaïsme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuil dans le judaïsme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_nell%27ebraismo" title="Morte nell'ebraismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morte nell'ebraismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%99%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="אבלות (יהדות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבלות (יהדות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveilut" title="Aveilut – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aveilut" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الفجيعه فى اليهوديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفجيعه فى اليهوديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joodse_begrafenis" title="Joodse begrafenis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joodse begrafenis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_no_juda%C3%ADsmo" title="Morte no judaísmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte no judaísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Похоронные обряды и обычаи в иудаизме – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Похоронные обряды и обычаи в иудаизме" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yahrzeit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohreb_v_judaizme" title="Pohreb v judaizme – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pohreb v judaizme" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudilikte_matem" title="Yahudilikte matem – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yahudilikte matem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%AA%D8%AC%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%88_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="یہودیت میں تجہیز و تکفین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یہودیت میں تجہیز و تکفین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C" title="אבל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אבל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2524956#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bereavement_in_Judaism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bereavement_in_Judaism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&oldid=1279810244" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bereavement_in_Judaism&id=1279810244&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBereavement_in_Judaism%23Terminology_and_timing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBereavement_in_Judaism%23Terminology_and_timing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2524956" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveilut&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Aveilut">Aveilut</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Jewish mourning practices</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/90px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/120px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments"><img alt="Ten Commandments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/60px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/90px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/120px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="243" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/120px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/250px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Movements</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservadox" title="Conservadox">Conservadox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Ḥumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyyut" title="Piyyut">Piyutim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Law</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruch_HaShulchan" title="Aruch HaShulchan">Aruch HaShulchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Noahide laws</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Cities" title="Four Holy Cities">Holy cities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_holy_places" title="Category:Jewish holy places">places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_midrash" title="Beth midrash">Beth midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Holy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Important figures</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_rabbis" title="List of rabbis">Rabbinic sages</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_religious_occupations" title="Category:Jewish religious occupations">Religious roles</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">Posek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Rosh yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">education</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">Bar and bat mitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bereavement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">Cheder</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ritual objects</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Sefer Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a><br /> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">Lulav</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadass" title="Hadass">Hadass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aravah_(Sukkot)" title="Aravah (Sukkot)">Arava</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kittel" title="Kittel">Kittel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartel" title="Gartel">Gartel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayers</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleinu" title="Aleinu">Aleinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehecheyanu" title="Shehecheyanu">Shehecheyanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachanun" title="Tachanun">Tachanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_Nidre" title="Kol Nidre">Kol Nidre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selichot" title="Selichot">Selichot (S'lichot)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Major holidays</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Pesach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism_and_other_religions" title="Category:Judaism and other religions">Other religions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_religious_pluralism" title="Jewish views on religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilegesh" title="Pilegesh">Pilegesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Judaism" title="Criticism of Judaism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_theology" title="Holocaust theology">Holocaust theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Muhammad" title="Jewish views on Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/13px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/26px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judaism" title="Template:Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judaism" title="Template talk:Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Onen" redirects here. For people named Onen, see <a href="/wiki/Onen_(surname)" title="Onen (surname)">Onen (surname)</a>.</div> <p><b>Bereavement in Judaism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span lang="he">אֲבֵלוּת</span></span>, <i>avelut</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>") is a combination of <a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Jewish custom</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מנהג</span></span> <i>minhag</i>, modern pl. <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מנהגים</span></span> <i>minhagim</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">commandments</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מצוה</span></span> <i>mitzvah</i>, pl. <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מצוות</span></span> <i>mitzvot</i>) derived from the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>'s classical <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>. The details of observance and practice vary according to each Jewish community. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mourners">Mourners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mourners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Judaism, the principal mourners are the first-degree relatives: parent, child, sibling, and spouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some customs that are specific to an individual mourning a parent. </p><p>Religious laws concerning mourning do not apply to those under thirteen years of age, nor do they apply when the deceased is aged 30 days or less.<sup id="cite_ref-silverman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silverman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upon_receiving_news_of_the_death">Upon receiving news of the death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Upon receiving news of the death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baruch_dayan_emes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Baruch_dayan_emes.png/250px-Baruch_dayan_emes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Baruch_dayan_emes.png/330px-Baruch_dayan_emes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Baruch_dayan_emes.png/500px-Baruch_dayan_emes.png 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><i>Baruch dayan emet</i> in a 1727 prayerbook, illustrated by Nathan ben Samson of Mezhyrich</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon receiving the news of the death, the following blessing is recited: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he">ברוך אתה <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">יי</a> <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">אלוהינו</a> מלך העולם, דיין האמת</span></span></dd></dl> <p><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Barukh atah Adonai Eloheinu melekh ha'olam, dayan ha-emet.</i></span> ("Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, the True Judge.")<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (Jewish Bible), the custom was to tear one's clothes the moment one heard the news of a death. The modern practice is for the close relatives who are the principal mourners to tear their clothing at the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Shiva"></span><span class="anchor" id="Shloshim"></span><span class="anchor" id="Aveil"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology_and_timing">Terminology and timing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Terminology and timing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Avel</i> (plural <i>Avelim</i>) – mourner(s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avelut" class="mw-redirect" title="Avelut">Avelut</a></i> – mourning. There are different levels, based on who is mourned and timing: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aninut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aninut">Aninut</a></i> – generally the day when the news is heard; before burial. A mourner in this period is known as an <i>onen</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva</a></i> – seven days, from the Hebrew word for "seven". Begins with day of burial.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shloshim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shloshim">Shloshim</a></i> – 30 days, starting from the day of burial</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shneim_asar_chodesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shneim asar chodesh">Shneim asar chodesh</a></i> – mourning period of twelve months for a deceased parent</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra kadisha</a></i> – burial society</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hesped" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesped">Hesped</a></i> – eulogy</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaddish">Qaddish</a></i> – said by a mourner (or by someone else, on behalf of ...)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeriah (page does not exist)">Qeriah</a></i> – tearing. Timing varies by custom. At times deferred to funeral chapel or at the cemetery</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qvura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qvura (page does not exist)">Qvura</a></i> – burial</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levaya (page does not exist)">Levaya</a></i> – funeral service. The word means "escort(ing)."</li> <li><i>L'Illui Nishmat</i> – Hebrew for <a href="#Elevation_of_the_soul">elevation of the soul</a>, sometimes abbreviated <i>LI"N</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matzevah" title="Matzevah">Matzevah</a></i> – monument or tombstone. <i>See also <a href="#Unveiling_of_the_tombstone">Unveiling of the tombstone</a></i></li> <li><i>Petira</i> – passing</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shemira" title="Shemira">Shemira</a></i> – watching or guarding of the body until burial, to ensure it is not left unaccompanied</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tumah_and_taharah" title="Tumah and taharah">Tahara</a></i> – purification (by water) of the body</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></i> – Yiddish for anniversary of the (Hebrew / Jewish) date of passing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chevra_kadisha">Chevra kadisha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chevra kadisha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">chevra kadisha</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חברה קדישא</span> "sacred society") is a Jewish <a href="/wiki/Burial_society" title="Burial society">burial society</a> usually consisting of volunteers, men and women, who prepare the deceased for proper Jewish burial.<sup id="cite_ref-fG.Chev_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fG.Chev-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their job is to ensure that the body of the deceased is shown proper respect, ritually cleansed, and shrouded. </p><p>Many local <i>chevra kadishas</i> in urban areas are affiliated with local <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>, and they often own their own burial plots in various local cemeteries. Some Jews pay an annual token membership fee to the <i>chevra kadisha</i> of their choice, so that when the time comes, the society will not only attend to the body of the deceased as befits Jewish law, but will also ensure burial in a plot that it controls at an appropriate nearby <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cemetery" title="Jewish cemetery">Jewish cemetery</a>. </p><p>If no <a href="/wiki/Gravedigger" title="Gravedigger">gravediggers</a> are available, then it is additionally the function of the male society members to ensure that graves are dug. In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, members of <i>chevra kadishas</i> consider it an honor not only to prepare the body for burial but also to dig the grave for a fellow Jew's body, particularly if the deceased was known to be a righteous person. </p><p>Many burial societies hold one or two annual fast days, especially the 7th day of Adar, Yartzeit of Moshe Rabbeinu (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-fG.Chev_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fG.Chev-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and organize regular study sessions to remain up to date with the relevant articles of Jewish law. In addition, most burial societies also support families during the <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">shiva</a></i> (traditional week of mourning) by arranging <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">prayer services</a>, preparing meals, and providing other services for the mourners.<sup id="cite_ref-Syd.A_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syd.A-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparing_the_body_–_taharah"><span id="Preparing_the_body_.E2.80.93_taharah"></span>Preparing the body – <i>taharah</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preparing the body – taharah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three major stages to preparing the body for burial: washing (<i>rechitzah</i>), ritual purification (<i>taharah</i>), and dressing (<i>halbashah</i>). The term <i>taharah</i> is used to refer both to the overall process of burial preparation, and to the specific step of ritual purification. </p><p>Prayers and readings from Torah, including <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a> are recited. </p><p>The general sequence of steps for performing <i>taharah</i> is as follows. </p> <ol><li>The body (<i>guf</i>) is uncovered (it has been covered with a sheet awaiting <i>taharah</i>).</li> <li>The body is washed carefully. Any bleeding is stopped and all blood is buried along with the deceased. The body is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, body fluids, and solids, and anything else that may be on the skin. All jewelry is removed. The beard (if present) is <i>not</i> shaved.</li> <li>The body is purified with water, either by immersion in a <i><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">mikveh</a></i> or by pouring a continuous stream of 9 kavim (usually 3 buckets) in a prescribed manner.</li> <li>The body is dried (according to most customs).</li> <li>The body is dressed in traditional burial clothing (<i><a href="/wiki/Tachrichim" title="Tachrichim">tachrichim</a></i>). A sash (<i>avnet</i>) is wrapped around the clothing and tied in the form of the Hebrew letter <i><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">shin</a>,</i> representing <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">Shaddai</a>, one of the names of God.</li> <li>The casket (<i>aron</i>) (if there is one) is prepared by removing any linings or other embellishments. A winding sheet (<i>sovev</i>) is laid into the casket. Outside the Land of Israel, if the deceased wore a prayer shawl (<i><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a></i>) during their life, one is laid in the casket for wrapping the body once it is placed therein. One of the corner fringes (<i><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a></i>) is removed from the shawl to signify that it will no longer be used for prayer and that the person is absolved from having to keep any of the <a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">mitsvot</a>.</li> <li>The body is lifted into the casket and wrapped in the prayer shawl and sheet. Soil (<i>afar</i>) from the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, if available, is placed over various parts of the body and sprinkled in the casket.</li> <li>The casket is closed.</li></ol> <p>After the closing of the casket, the <i>ḥevra</i> asks forgiveness of the deceased for any inadvertent lack of honor shown to the deceased in the preparation of the body for burial. </p><p>Caskets are not used in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (with the exception of military and state funerals, when the casket is being carried on the shoulders of others) or in many parts of the Diaspora, especially in Eastern Europe and Arab countries. Instead, the body is carried to the grave (or guided on a gurney) wrapped in a shroud and <i>tallit</i> and placed directly in the earth. In the Diaspora, in general, a casket is only used if required by local law. Traditionally, caskets are simple and made of unfinished wood; both wood with a finish and metal would slow the return of the body to dust (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%203:19&version=nrsv">Genesis 3:19</a>). Strictly-observant practice avoids <b>all</b> metal; the wood parts of the casket are joined by wood <a href="/wiki/Dowel" title="Dowel">dowels</a> rather than nails. </p><p>There is no viewing of the body and no open casket at the funeral. Sometimes the immediate family verify the identity of the deceased and pay their final respects right before the funeral. </p><p>From death until burial, it is traditional for guards or <a href="/wiki/Shemira" title="Shemira">shomrim</a> "watchers" to stay with the deceased. It is traditional to recite <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> (<i>Tehillim</i>) during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funeral_service">Funeral service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Funeral service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jewish funeral consists of a burial, also known as an interment. Cremation is forbidden. Burial is considered to allow the body to decompose naturally, therefore <a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">embalming</a> is forbidden. Burial is intended to take place in as short an interval of time after death as possible. Displaying of the body prior to burial does not take place.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-soultalk_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soultalk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flowers are usually not found at a traditional Jewish funeral but may be seen at statesmen's or heroes' funerals in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Israel, the Jewish funeral service usually commences at the burial ground. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the funeral service commences either at a <a href="/wiki/Funeral_home" title="Funeral home">funeral home</a> or at the <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">cemetery</a>. Occasionally the service will commence at a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. In the case of a prominent individual, the funeral service can begin at a synagogue or a <a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivah">yeshivah</a>. If the funeral service begins at a point other than at the cemetery, the entourage accompanies the body in a procession to the cemetery. Usually the funeral ceremony is brief and includes the recitation of psalms, followed by a eulogy (<i>hesped</i>), and finishes with a traditional closing prayer, the El Maleh Rachamim.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funeral, the procession accompanying the body to the place of burial, and the burial, are referred to by the word <i>levayah,</i> meaning "escorting." <i>Levayah</i> also indicates "joining" and "bonding." This aspect of the meaning of <i>levayah</i> conveys the suggestion of a commonality among the souls of the living and the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-soultalk_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soultalk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a>, prior to their return to the land of Israel, maintained an ancient practice during the funeral procession to halt at, at least, seven stations before the actual burial of the dead, beginning from the entrance of the house from whence the <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a> is taken, to the graveyard itself. This has come to be known as <i>Ma'amad u'Moshav</i>, (lit. "Standing and Sitting"), or "seven standings and sittings," and is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <i>Pesahim</i> 2: 14–15, during which obsequies only men and boys thirteen years and older took part, but never women. At these stations, the bier is let down by the pallbearers upon the ground, and those accompanying will recite "<i>Hatzur Tamim Pe'ulo</i>," etc. "<i>Ana Bakoach</i>," etc., said in a doleful <a href="/wiki/Dirge" title="Dirge">dirge</a>-like melody, and which verses are followed by one of the party reading certain Midrashic literature and liturgical verse that speaks about death, and which are said to eulogize the deceased.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keriah"><i>Keriah</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Keriah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mourners traditionally make a tear (<i>keriah</i> or <i>kriah</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קריעה</span>‎) in an outer garment before or at the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tearing is required to extend in length to a <i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement#Length_and_distance" title="Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement">tefach</a></i> (handbreadth),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or what is equivalent to about 9 centimetres (3.5 in). The tear should be on the left side (over the heart and clearly visible) for a parent, including foster parents, and on the right side for siblings (including half-brothers and half-sisters<sup id="cite_ref-silverman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silverman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), children, and spouses (and does not need to be visible). Non-Orthodox Jews will often make the <i>keriah</i> in a small black ribbon that is pinned to the lapel rather than in the lapel itself.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the instance when a mourner receives the news of the death and burial of a relative after an elapsed period of 30 days or more, there is no <i>keriah</i>, or tearing of the garment, except in the case of a parent. In the case of a parent, the tearing of the garment is to be performed no matter how long a period has elapsed between the time of death and the time of receiving the news.<sup id="cite_ref-silverman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silverman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a child of the deceased needs to change clothes during the <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">shiva</a></i> period, they must tear the changed clothes. No other family member is required to tear changed clothes during <i>shiva</i>. Children of the deceased may never sew the torn clothes, but any other mourner may mend the clothing 30 days after the burial.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eulogies">Eulogies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eulogies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>hesped</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">eulogy</a>, and it is common for several people to speak at the start of the ceremony at the funeral home, as well as prior to burial at the gravesite. </p><p>"[A]nd <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> came to eulogize <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2023:2&version=nrsv">Gen. 23:2</a> uses the word "Lispod" from which is derived the Hebrew term Hesped. </p><p>There is more than one purpose for the eulogy. </p> <ul><li>it is both for the deceased and the living, and should appropriately praise the person's good deeds.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to make us cry<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Some people specify in their wills that nothing should be said about them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Days_of_"no_eulogy""><span id="Days_of_.22no_eulogy.22"></span>Days of "no eulogy"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Days of "no eulogy""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eulogies are forbidden on certain days; likewise on a Friday afternoon. </p><p>Some other times are: </p> <ul><li>each month's Jewish New Moon (<a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">Rosh Chodesh</a>)</li> <li>the four days between <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMo%27ed" class="mw-redirect" title="Chol HaMo'ed">Chol HaMo'ed</a></i> ("intermediate days" of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish holiday">Jewish holidays</a>)</li> <li>during the month of <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a></li></ul> <p>A more general guideline is that when the <a href="/wiki/Tachanun" title="Tachanun">Tachanun</a> (supplication prayer) is omitted, it is permitted to deliver a brief eulogy emphasizing only the praise of the departed; the extensive eulogy is postponed, and may be said at another time during the year of mourning.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial">Burial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For historical burial customs, see <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg/250px-Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg/330px-Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg/500px-Karczewski_Jewish_funeral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><i>Jewish funeral in Vilnius</i> (1824), <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Warsaw">National Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Kevura</i>, or burial, should take place as soon as possible after death. The <i><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></i> requires burial as soon as possible, even for executed criminals.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burial is delayed "for the honor of the deceased," usually to allow more time for far-flung family to come to the funeral and participate in the other post-burial rituals, but also to hire professionals, or to bury the deceased in a cemetery of their choice.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Respect for the dead can be seen from many examples in the <i><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a></i>. For example, one of the last events in the <i>Torah</i> is the death of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> when <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">God himself</a> buries him: "[God] buried him in the depression in the land of <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a>, opposite Beth Peor. No man knows the place that he was buried, even to this day."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many traditional funerals, the body, wrapped in a shroud (or casket where used), will be carried from the hearse to the grave in seven stages. These are accompanied by seven recitations of <a href="/wiki/Psalm_91" title="Psalm 91">Psalm 91</a>. There is a symbolic pause after each stage (which are omitted on days when a eulogy would also not be recited.) </p><p>When the funeral service has ended, the mourners come forward to fill the grave. Symbolically, this gives the mourners closure as they observe, or participate in, the filling of the grave site. One custom is for all people present at the funeral to take a spade or shovel, held pointing down instead of up, to show the antithesis of <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> to <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> and that this use of the shovel is different from all other uses, to throw three shovelfuls of dirt into the grave. </p><p>Some have the custom to initially use the shovel "backwards" for the first few shovelfuls. Even among those who do it, some limit this to just the first few participants. </p><p>When someone is finished, they put the shovel back in the ground, rather than handing it to the next person, to avoid passing along their <a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">grief</a> to other mourners. This literal participation in the burial is considered a particularly good <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvah</a> because it is one for which the beneficiary—the deceased—can offer no repayment or gratitude and thus it is a pure gesture. </p><p>Some have a custom, once the grave is filled, to make a rounded topping shape.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After burial, the <a href="/wiki/Tziduk_Hadin" title="Tziduk Hadin">Tziduk Hadin</a> prayer may be recited affirming that <a href="/wiki/Divine_Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Judgment">Divine Judgment</a> is righteous.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family of deceased may then be comforted by other mourners with the formula: </p> <dl><dd>In Ashkenazi communities: <dl><dd>הַמָּקוֹם יְנַחֵם אֶתְכֶם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר אֲבֵלֵי צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלָיִם</dd> <dd><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Hamakom y'nachem etkhem b'tokh sha'ar avelei tziyon viyrushalayim.</i></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">The Omnipresent</a> will comfort you (pl.) among the mourners of <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>In Sephardic communities: <dl><dd>מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם תְּנוּחָמוּ</dd> <dd><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Min Hashamayim te'nuchamu</i></span></dd> <dd>From heaven above may you be comforted.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In the 21st century, as space has become scarce in Israeli cemeteries, the ancient practice of burying a person for one year, then exhuming their bones for burial in a smaller plot, has been reestablished.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mourning">Mourning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mourning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aninut"><i>Aninut</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aninut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg/220px-Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg/330px-Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg/440px-Yiskor_for_Herzl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="1257" /></a><figcaption>Yiskor for Herzl, by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Schatz" title="Boris Schatz">Boris Schatz</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first stage of mourning is <i>aninut</i>, or (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap">אנינוּת</span>, "intense mourning")." <i>Aninut</i> lasts until the burial is over, or, if a mourner is unable to attend the funeral, until the moment he is no longer involved with the funeral itself. </p><p>An <i>onen</i> (a person in <i>aninut</i>) is considered to be in a state of total shock and disorientation. Thus the <i>onen</i> is exempt from performing <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvot</a> that require action (and attention), such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_prayers_and_blessings" title="List of Jewish prayers and blessings">praying and reciting blessings</a>, wearing <i><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">tefillin</a></i> (phylacteries), in order to be able to tend unhindered to the funeral arrangements. However the <i>onen</i> is still obligated in commandments that forbid an action (such as not violating the Shabbat). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avelut"><i>Avelut</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Avelut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Aninut</i> is immediately followed by <i>avelut</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap">אֲבֵלוּת</span>, "mourning"). An <i>avel</i> ("mourner") does not listen to <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> or go to <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, and does not attend any joyous events or parties such as <a href="/wiki/Jewish_view_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish view of marriage">marriages</a> or <a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="B'nai Mitzvah">bar or bat mitzvahs</a>, unless absolutely necessary. (If the date for such an event has already been set prior to the death, it is strictly forbidden for it to be postponed or cancelled.) The occasion of a <i><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">brit milah</a></i> is typically an exception to this rule, but with restrictions that differ according to tradition. </p><p><i>Avelut</i> consists of three distinct periods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shiva_–_seven_days"><span id="Shiva_.E2.80.93_seven_days"></span><i>Shiva</i> – seven days</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Shiva – seven days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva (Judaism)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_(1111).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg/260px-WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg/390px-WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg/520px-WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Joods_Historisch_Museum_-_Schilderij_Voerman_%281111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption><i>De treurdagen</i> ("The mourning days") by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Voerman" title="Jan Voerman">Jan Voerman</a>, ca 1884</figcaption></figure> <p>The first stage of <i>avelut</i> is <i>shiva</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap">שבעה</span>, "seven"), a week-long period of grief and <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>. Observance of <i>shiva</i> is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish English languages">English-speaking Jews</a> as "sitting <i>shiva</i>". During this period, mourners traditionally gather in one home and receive visitors. </p><p>When they get home, the mourners refrain for a week from showering or bathing, wearing leather shoes or jewelry, or shaving. In many communities, mirrors in the mourners' home are covered since they should not be concerned about their personal appearance. It is customary for the mourners to sit on low stools or even the floor, symbolic of the emotional reality of being "brought low" by the grief. The meal of consolation (<a href="/wiki/Seudah#Seudat_Havraah" class="mw-redirect" title="Seudah"><i>seudat havra'ah</i></a>), the first meal eaten on returning from the funeral, traditionally consists of hard-boiled <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a> and other round or oblong foods. This is often credited to the Biblical story of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> purchasing the birthright from <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> with stewed <a href="/wiki/Lentils" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentils">lentils</a> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 25:34);<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is traditionally stated that Jacob was cooking the lentils soon after the death of his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>. </p><p>During <i>shiva</i>, family and friends come to visit or call on the mourners to comfort them ("<i>shiva</i> calls"). This is considered a great <i><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvah</a></i> (commandment) of kindness and compassion. Traditionally, no greetings are exchanged and visitors wait for the mourners to initiate conversation. The mourner is under no obligation to engage in conversation and may, in fact, completely ignore their visitors. Visitors will traditionally take on the hosting role when attending a Shiva, often bringing food and serving it to the mourning family and other guests. The mourning family will often avoid any cooking or cleaning during the Shiva period; those responsibilities become those of visitors. </p><p>There are various customs as to what to say when taking leave of the mourner(s). One of the most common is to say to them: </p> <dl><dd>הַמָּקוֹם יְנַחֵם אֶתְכֶם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר אֲבֵלֵי צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלָיִם</dd> <dd><i>Hamakom y'nachem etkhem b'tokh sha'ar avelei tziyon viyrushalayim</i>:</dd> <dd>"May <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">The Omnipresent</a> comfort you (pl.) among the mourners of <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>"</dd></dl> <p>Depending on their community's customs, others may also add such wishes as: "You should have no more <i>tza'ar</i> (distress)" or "You should have only <i>simchas</i> (celebrations)" or "we should hear only <i>besorot tovot</i> (good tidings) from each other" or "I wish you a long life". </p><p>Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">prayer services</a> are organized in the house of mourning. It is customary for the family to lead the services themselves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shloshim_–_thirty_days"><span id="Shloshim_.E2.80.93_thirty_days"></span><i>Shloshim</i> – thirty days</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shloshim – thirty days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The thirty-day period following burial (including <i>shiva</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is known as <i>shloshim</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap">שלושים</span>, "thirty"). During <i>shloshim</i>, a mourner is forbidden to marry or to attend a <i><a href="/wiki/Seudat_mitzvah" title="Seudat mitzvah">seudat mitzvah</a></i> (religious festive meal). Men do not shave or get haircuts during this time. </p><p>Since Judaism teaches that a deceased person can still benefit from the merit of <i><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvot</a></i> (commandments) performed in their memory, it is considered a special privilege to bring merit to the departed by <a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">learning Torah</a> in their name. A popular custom amongst Orthodox Jews is to coordinate a group of people who will jointly study the complete <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> during the <i>shloshim</i> period. This is due to the fact that "Mishnah" (משנה) and "Neshamah" (נשמה), soul, have the same (Hebrew) letters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shneim_asar_chodesh_–_twelve_months"><span id="Shneim_asar_chodesh_.E2.80.93_twelve_months"></span><i>Shneim asar chodesh</i> – twelve months</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shneim asar chodesh – twelve months"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those mourning a parent additionally observe a twelve-month period (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap">שנים עשר חודש</span>, <i>shneim asar chodesh</i>, "twelve months"), counted from the day of death. During this period, most activity returns to normal, although the mourners continue to recite the <a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a> as part of synagogue services for eleven months. In Orthodox tradition, this is an obligation of the sons (not daughters)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as mourners. There remain restrictions on attending festive occasions and large gatherings, especially where live music is performed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unveiling_of_the_tombstone">Unveiling of the tombstone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Unveiling of the tombstone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Hill_Cemetery,_Hebrew_burial_ground,_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg/220px-Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg/330px-Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg/440px-Rose_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Hebrew_burial_ground%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_3b4a64b0b376f8c2669da9611ee12b0a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Headstones in the Hebrew Lot, Rose Hill Cemetery, Macon, Bibb County, GA, c.1877.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">headstone</a> (tombstone) is known as a <i>matzevah</i> (Hebrew: "pillar", "statue", or "monument"<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Although there is no <a href="/wiki/Halakhic" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakhic">halakhic</a> obligation to hold an unveiling ceremony (the ritual became popular in many communities toward the end of the 19th century), there are varying customs about when it should be placed on the grave. Most communities have an unveiling ceremony a year after the death. Some communities have it earlier, even a week after the burial. In Israel it is done after the <i>shloshim</i> (the first 30 days of mourning). There is no universal restriction about the timing, other than the unveiling cannot be held during Shabbat, (work-restricted) Jewish holidays, or <a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMoed" title="Chol HaMoed">Chol Ha'Moed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the ceremony, a cloth or shroud covering that has been placed on the headstone is removed, customarily by close family members. Services include reading of several psalms. <a href="/wiki/Gesher_HaChaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesher HaChaim">Gesher HaChaim</a> cites (chapters) "33, 16, 17, 72, 91, 104, and 130; then one says Psalm 119 and recites the verses that spell the name of the deceased and the letters of the word <i>Neshama</i>.".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is followed by the Mourner's Kaddish (if a <i><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a></i> is available), and the prayer "<a href="/wiki/El_male_rachamim" class="mw-redirect" title="El male rachamim">El Malei Rachamim</a>". The service may include a brief eulogy for the deceased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, it was not common practice to place names on tombstones. The general custom for engraving the name of the deceased on the monument is a practice that goes back (only) "the last several hundred years."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Jewish communities in Yemen</a>, prior to their immigration to the Land of Israel, did not place headstones over the graves of the dead, except only on rare occasions, choosing rather to follow the dictum of Rabban <a href="/wiki/Shimon_ben_Gamliel_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimon ben Gamliel II">Shimon ben Gamliel</a> who said: "They do not build monuments (i.e. tombstones) for the righteous. Their words, lo! They are their memorial!"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Halachic_decisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Halachic decisor">Halachic decisor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, likewise, ruled that it is not permissible to raise headstones over the graves of righteous men, but permits doing so for ordinary men.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the more recent custom of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Jews">Spanish Jewry</a>, following the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Luria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Luria">Yitzhak Luria</a> (<i>Shaʿar Ha-Mitzvot, Parashat Vayeḥi</i>), is to build tombstones over the grave, seeing it as part of the complete atonement and amendment for those who have died. Likewise, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_ben_Aderet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shlomo ben Aderet">Shelomo b. Avraham Aderet</a> (RASHBA) wrote that it is a way of showing honor to the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this manner the custom did spread, especially among the Jews of Spain, North Africa and <a href="/wiki/Ashkenaz" title="Ashkenaz">Ashkenaz</a>. Today, in Israel, all Jewish graves are marked with headstones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annual_remembrances">Annual remembrances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Annual remembrances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG/220px-Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG/330px-Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG/440px-Yahrtzeit_candle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Yahrtzeit_candle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahrtzeit candle">yahrtzeit candle</a> lit in memory of a loved one on the anniversary of the death</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahrzeittafel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jahrzeittafel.jpg/220px-Jahrzeittafel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jahrzeittafel.jpg/330px-Jahrzeittafel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jahrzeittafel.jpg/440px-Jahrzeittafel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Early 20th-century Yahrzeit table, in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland" title="Jewish Museum of Switzerland">Jewish Museum of Switzerland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahrzeitlicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jahrzeitlicht.jpg/220px-Jahrzeitlicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jahrzeitlicht.jpg/330px-Jahrzeitlicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jahrzeitlicht.jpg/440px-Jahrzeitlicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Yahrtzeitlicht from <a href="/wiki/Lengnau,_Aargau" title="Lengnau, Aargau">Lengnau in Aargau</a> (Switzerland), 1830. </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anniversary_of_death_(yortseyt)"><span id="Anniversary_of_death_.28yortseyt.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Yahrzeit"></span><span class="anchor" id="Yartzeit"></span><span class="anchor" id="Yahrzeit"></span>Anniversary of death (<i>yortseyt</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Anniversary of death (yortseyt)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Yortseyt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">יאָרצײַט</span>) means "time (of) year" in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative spellings include <i>yahrtzeit</i>, <i>Jahrzeit</i> (in German), <i>yohr tzeit</i>, <i>yahrzeit</i>, and <i>yartzeit</i>. The word is used by <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> and refers to the <a href="/wiki/Death_anniversary" title="Death anniversary">anniversary</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, of the day of death of a loved one. On the anniversary of a death, it is the custom to light a candle to commemorate the departure of a loved one. These are called <i>yortseytlikht</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit_candle" title="Yahrzeit candle">yahrzeit candle</a>". In order to keep track of the yortseyt, special time boards are used (German <i>Jahrzeittafel</i>). They are used both in synagogues and in private contexts. They list the date of death of one person (sometimes several) according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> for the next few years, and are then used by families to keep track of when the next yortseyt will be. Mostly the tablets are preprinted and secondarily adapted for the person in question (name and date of death). </p><p>Non-Ashkenazi communities use other names for the anniversary of a death. The commemoration is known in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> as <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">נחלה</span></span> <i>naḥala</i> "legacy, inheritance". This term is used by most <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a>, although some use the term <a href="/wiki/Ladino_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladino language">Ladino</a>: <span lang="lad" dir="rtl">מילדאדו</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Ladino-language romanization"><i lang="lad-Latn">meldado</i></span>, or, less commonly, <i>anyos</i> "years".<sup id="cite_ref-SephRel_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SephRel-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persian Jews refer to this day as <i>sāl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سال</span> "year"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemorating">Commemorating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Commemorating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jews are required to commemorate the death of parents, siblings, spouses, or children.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>When an immediate relative (parent, sibling, spouse or child) initially hears of the death of a relative, it is traditional to express one's grief by tearing their clothing and saying "<i>baruch dayan ha-emet</i>" ("blessed is the true judge").</li> <li>Shiva is observed by parents, children, spouses and siblings of the deceased, preferably all together in the deceased's home. There is a <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakhic obligation</a> for sons to recite the <a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_Kaddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Mourner's Kaddish">Mourner's Kaddish</a> for their parents. The various mourning customs are first discussed in detail in <i>Sefer HaMinhagim</i> (pub. 1566) by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tyrnau" title="Isaac Tyrnau">Isaac Tyrnau</a>.</li></ol> <p>Some Jews believe that strict Jewish law requires that one should fast on the day of a parent's yortseyt;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although most believe this is not required, some people do observe the custom of fasting on the day of the yortseyt, or at least refraining from meat and wine. Among many Orthodox Jews it has become customary to make a <a href="/wiki/Siyum" title="Siyum">siyum</a> by completing a tractate of <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> or a volume of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> on the day prior to the <i>Yahrtzeit</i>, in the honor of the deceased. A <i>halakha</i> requiring a <i>siyum</i> ("celebratory meal"), upon the completion of such a study, overrides the requirement to fast. </p><p>Many synagogues will have lights on a special memorial plaque on one of the synagogue's walls, with names of synagogue members who have died. Each of these lights will be lit for individuals on their <i>Yahrzeit</i> (and in some synagogues, the entire Hebrew month).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the lights will be lit for a <a href="/wiki/Yizkor" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some synagogues will also turn on all the lights for memorial days, such as <a href="/wiki/Yom_Ha%27Shoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Ha'Shoah">Yom Ha'Shoah</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visiting_the_gravesite">Visiting the gravesite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Visiting the gravesite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Shlomo_Carlebach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The grave of rabbi-singer <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Carlebach_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shlomo Carlebach (musician)">Shlomo Carlebach</a> in Jerusalem is piled with stones left by visitors.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some have a custom to visit the cemetery on fast days (<i><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i> Orach Chayim 559:10) and before <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> (581:4, 605), when possible, and for a <i>Yahrzeit.</i> During the first year the grave is often visited on the shloshim, and the yartzeit (but may be visited at any time). </p><p>Even when visiting Jewish graves of someone that the visitor never knew, the custom is to <a href="/wiki/Visitation_stones" title="Visitation stones">place a small stone on the grave</a> using the left hand. This shows that someone visited the gravesite, and is also a way of participating in the mitzvah of burial. Leaving flowers is not a traditional Jewish practice. Another reason for leaving stones is to tend the grave. In Biblical times, gravestones were not used; graves were marked with mounds of stones (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a>), so by placing (or replacing) them, one perpetuated the existence of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tradition to travel to the graveside on the occasion of a Yahrzeit is ancient.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorial_through_prayer">Memorial through prayer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Memorial through prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mourner's_Kaddish"><span id="Mourner.27s_Kaddish"></span>Mourner's Kaddish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Mourner's Kaddish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></div> <p>Kaddish Yatom (<i><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Language">heb.</a></i> <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="he:קדיש יתום">קדיש יתום</a> <i>lit. "Orphan's Kaddish"</i>) or the "Mourner's" Kaddish, is said at <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">prayer services</a>, as well as at funerals and memorials. Customs for reciting the Mourner's Kaddish vary markedly among various communities. In many <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> synagogues, particularly <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> ones, it is customary that everyone in the synagogue stands. In Sephardi synagogues, most people sit for most sayings of Kaddish.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many non-Orthodox Ashkenaz ones, the custom is that only the mourners themselves stand and chant, while the rest of the congregation sits, chanting only responsively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hashkabóth"><span id="Hashkab.C3.B3th"></span>Hashkabóth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Hashkabóth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many Sephardic communities, Hashkabóth ("remembrance") prayers are recited for the deceased in the year following death, on the deceased's death anniversary ("nahalah" or "anyos"), and upon request by the deceased's relatives. Some Sephardic communities also recite Hashkabóth for all their deceased members on Yom Kippur, even those who died many years before. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yizkor">Yizkor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Yizkor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yizkor" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG/250px-Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG/330px-Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG/500px-Joods_monument_gedenksteen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Remembrance plaque in <a href="/wiki/Tiel" title="Tiel">Tiel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Yizkor</i> (Hebrew: "remembrance") prayers are recited by those that have lost either one or both of their parents. They may additionally say Yizkor for other relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some might also say Yizkor for a deceased close friend.<sup id="cite_ref-Yizk.Chabad_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yizk.Chabad-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is customary in many communities for those with both parents alive to leave the synagogue during the Yizkor service<sup id="cite_ref-Yizk.Chabad_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yizk.Chabad-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while it is said.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yizkor prayers are recited in the Eastern Ashkenazic rite four times a year, and are intended to be recited in a synagogue with a <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a>; if one is unable to be with a minyan, one can recite it without one. These four Yizkor services are held on <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a>, on the last day of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (the second day of Shavuot, in communities that observe Shavuot for two days). In the original Western Ashkenazic rite, Yizkor is recited only on Yom Kippur, and some Western Ashkenazic communities did away with the custom altogether in the mid-19th century. </p><p>The primary prayer in the <i>Yizkor</i> service is <i><a href="/wiki/El_Malei_Rachamim" title="El Malei Rachamim">El Malei Rachamim</a></i>, in which God is asked to remember and grant <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repose" class="extiw" title="wikt:repose">repose</a> to the souls of the departed.<sup id="cite_ref-BJC33_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BJC33-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yizkor is customarily not said within the first year of mourning, until the first <i><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">yahrzeit</a></i> has passed. This practice is a custom and historically not regarded to be obligatory.<sup id="cite_ref-MLammBook_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLammBook-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Judaism">Sephardic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite</a> custom there is no Yizkor prayer, but the <i>Hashkabóth</i> serve a similar role in the service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Av_HaRachamim">Av HaRachamim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Av HaRachamim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Av_HaRachamim" title="Av HaRachamim">Av HaRachamim</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Av_Harachamim" class="mw-redirect" title="Av Harachamim">Av Harachamim</a> is a Jewish memorial prayer that was written in the late 11th Century, after the destruction of the German Jewish communities around the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine river">Rhine river</a> by Crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-JewTrad_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewTrad-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Eastern Ashkenazic rite, it is recited on many <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbatot</a> before <a href="/wiki/Mussaf" title="Mussaf">Mussaf</a>, and also at the end of the Yizkor service;<sup id="cite_ref-JewTrad_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewTrad-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Western Ashkenazic rite, it is recited only twice a year on the Sabbaths immediately preceding Shavuot and Tisha Bav. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elevation_of_the_soul">Elevation of the soul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Elevation of the soul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Jewish belief, once a person dies, there is no way for them to accrue merit anymore through doing the mitzvot themselves. However, mitzvot done by the people they influenced (e.g. children, students, family, friends) can still bring them merit. </p><p>For this reason, Jews will do mitzvot <b>for the elevation of the soul</b> (<i>L'Illui NishMat</i> – <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">לעלוי נשמת</span></span>, sometimes abbreviated LI"N (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">לע"נ</span></span>)) of a person who passed away, even for a stranger. Though not limited to any mitzvah, Aliyos (elevation) are often done through: </p> <ul><li>Kaddish (on the mourner's part)</li> <li>Charity – Tzedakah<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dissemination of Torah learning<sup id="cite_ref-Z17.5TJT_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Z17.5TJT-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other mitzvot</li> <li>Joint Tehillim Reading<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Personal study and review, especially of <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>. The same letters that spell the Hebrew word <i>MiShNaH</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">משנה</span></span>) spell the Hebrew word for "soul", <i>NeShaMaH</i> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">נשמה</span></span>).</li> <li>Saying of brachos on food and drink, or sponsoring said food (Tikkun)</li></ul> <p>The Hebrew name of the deceased is commonly mentioned alongside these acts, or printed in said books or placed on a placard next to consumables – with the exception of kaddish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tikkun_(sponsoring_food)"><span id="Tikkun_.28sponsoring_food.29"></span>Tikkun (sponsoring food)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tikkun (sponsoring food)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At first a Hassidic custom, at first deriving from making a siyum on the yahrzeit, nowadays practised without one with the intention that the bracha said over the food brings an aliya. Schnapps and baked goods are popularly sponsored, though any kosher food or drink may be used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communal_responses_to_death">Communal responses to death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Communal responses to death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Jewish communities of size have non-profit organizations that maintain cemeteries and provide <i>chevra kadisha</i> services for those in need. They are often formed out of a synagogue's women's group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zihui_Korbanot_Asson_(ZAKA)"><span id="Zihui_Korbanot_Asson_.28ZAKA.29"></span><i>Zihui Korbanot Asson</i> (ZAKA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Zihui Korbanot Asson (ZAKA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ZAKA" title="ZAKA">ZAKA</a></div> <p>ZAKA (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">heb.</a> <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A7%22%D7%90" class="extiw" title="he:זק"א">זק"א</a> <i>abbr. for Zihui Korbanot Asson lit. "Identifying Victims of Disaster"</i> – <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA" class="extiw" title="he:חסד של אמת">חסד של אמת</a> <i>Hessed shel Emet lit. "True Kindness"</i> – <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A5_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:איתור חילוץ והצלה">איתור חילוץ והצלה</a>), is a <a href="/wiki/Community_emergency_response_team" title="Community emergency response team">community emergency response team</a> in the State of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, officially recognized by the government. The organization was founded in 1989. Members of ZAKA, most of whom are <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a>, assist <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulance</a> crews, identify the victims of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">terrorism</a>, road accidents and other disasters and, where necessary, gather body parts and spilled <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> for proper burial. They also provide <a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">first aid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rescue" title="Rescue">rescue</a> services, and help with the search for missing persons. In the past they have responded in the aftermath of disasters around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association_(HFBA)"><span id="Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association_.28HFBA.29"></span><i>Hebrew Free Burial Association</i> (HFBA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Hebrew Free Burial Association (HFBA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg/250px-Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg/330px-Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg/500px-Triangle_Fire_Grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Tombstone of victim of <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangle Shirtwaist Fire">Triangle Shirtwaist Fire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association#Cemeteries" title="Hebrew Free Burial Association">Hebrew Free Burial Association's Mount Richmond Cemetery</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Free_Burial_Association" title="Hebrew Free Burial Association">Hebrew Free Burial Association</a></div> <p>The Hebrew Free Burial Association is a non-profit agency whose mission is to ensure that all Jews receive a proper Jewish burial, regardless of their financial ability. Since 1888, more than 55,000 Jews have been buried by HFBA in their cemeteries located on <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island, New York">Staten Island, New York</a>, Silver Lake Cemetery and Mount Richmond Cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_Benevolent_Society_of_Los_Angeles">Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formed in 1854 for the purpose of "…procuring a piece of ground suitable for the purpose of a burying ground for the deceased of their own faith, and also to appropriate a portion of their time and means to the holy cause of benevolence…," the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles established the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish_site_in_Los_Angeles" title="First Jewish site in Los Angeles">first Jewish cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> at Lilac Terrace and Lookout Drive<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Chavez_Ravine" title="Chavez Ravine">Chavez Ravine</a> (current home to <a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a>). In 1968, a plaque was installed at the original site, identifying it as <a href="/wiki/California_Historical_Landmark" title="California Historical Landmark">California Historical Landmark</a> #822.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJH_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJH-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902, because of poor environmental conditions due to the unchecked expansion of the oil industry in the area, it was proposed by Congregation B'nai B'rith to secure a new plot of land in what is now <a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles,_California" title="East Los Angeles, California">East LA</a>, and to move the buried remains to the new site, with a continued provision for burial of indigent people. This site, the Home of Peace Memorial Park,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remains operational and is the oldest Jewish cemetery in Los Angeles. The original society is now known as the "Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles".<sup id="cite_ref-WSJH_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJH-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_following_death">Controversy following death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Controversy following death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donating_organs">Donating organs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Donating organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Organ_donation_in_Jewish_law" title="Organ donation in Jewish law">Organ donation in Jewish law</a></div> <p>According to some <a href="/wiki/Jewish_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish denominations">Jewish denominations</a>, once death has been clearly established, provided that instructions have been left in a written <a href="/wiki/Living_will" class="mw-redirect" title="Living will">living will</a>, donation may be done. However, there are a number of practical difficulties for those who wish to adhere strictly to Jewish law. For example, someone who is dead by clinical standards may not yet be dead according to Jewish law. Jewish law does not permit donation of organs that are vital for survival from a donor who is in a near-dead state but who is not yet dead according to Jewish law. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> Jews may need to consult their rabbis on a case-by-case basis. </p><p>Since 2001, with the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Halachic_Organ_Donor_Society" title="Halachic Organ Donor Society">Halachic Organ Donor Society</a>, organ donation has become more common in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">modern orthodox Jewish</a> communities, especially with the support of rabbis like <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Tendler" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Tendler">Moshe Tendler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamm" title="Norman Lamm">Norman Lamm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_view_of_cremation">Jewish view of cremation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Jewish view of cremation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> (Jewish law) forbids <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a><sup id="cite_ref-MLammBook_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLammBook-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56">: 56 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described as "a distinguishing characteristic" that "Jews buried, rather than burned, their dead." Judaism stresses burial in the earth (including entombment, as in caves) as a religious duty of laying a person's remains to rest. This, as well as the belief that the human body is created in the image of the divine and is not to be vandalized before or after death, teaches the belief that it was necessary to keep the whole body intact in burial, in anticipation of the eventual resurrection of the dead in the messianic age.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, some Jews who are not religiously adherent, or who have attached to an alternative movement or religious stream that does not see some or all the laws of the Torah as binding upon them, have chosen cremation, either for themselves prior to death, or for their loved ones.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suicide">Suicide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_suicide#Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious views of suicide">Religious views of suicide § Judaism</a></div> <p>As Judaism considers suicide to be a form of murder, a Jew who commits suicide is denied some important after-death privileges: No eulogies should be given for the deceased, and burial in the main section of the Jewish cemetery is normally not allowed. </p><p>In recent times, most people who die by suicide have been deemed to be the unfortunate victims of <a href="/wiki/Clinical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical depression">depression</a> or of a serious <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a>. Under this interpretation, their act of "self-murder" is not deemed to be a voluntary act of self-destruction, but rather the result of an involuntary condition. They have therefore been looked upon as having died of causes beyond their control. </p><p>Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> (in Semakhot, one of the <a href="/wiki/Minor_tractates" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor tractates">minor tractates</a>) recognizes that many elements of the mourning ritual exist as much for the living survivors as for the dead, and that these elements ought to be carried out even in the case of the suicide. </p><p>Furthermore, if reasonable doubt exists that the death was suicidal or that the deceased might have changed her mind and repented at the last moment (e.g., if it is unknown whether the victim fell or jumped from a building, or if the person falling changed her mind mid-fall), the benefit of the doubt is given and regular burial and mourning rituals take place. Lastly, the suicide of a <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a> is considered a result of a lack of understanding ("da'at"), and in such a case, regular mourning is observed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tattoos">Tattoos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Tattoos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> (Jewish law) forbids <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoos</a>, and a myth persists that having a tattoo prevents burial in a Jewish cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a small minority of burial societies may not accept a corpse with a tattoo, Jewish law does not mention burial of tattooed Jews, and nearly all burial societies have no such restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Removing the tattoo of a deceased Jew is forbidden, as this would be considered damaging the body. This case has been one of public interest in the current generations due to the large population <a href="/wiki/Identification_in_Nazi_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Identification in Nazi camps">tattooed</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> between 1940 and 1945. Since those tattoos were forced upon the recipients in a situation where any resistance could expect official murder or brutality, their presence is not in any way reflective of any violation of Jewish law on the part of both the living and deceased; rather under these circumstances it shows adherence to the positive command to preserve innocent life, including one's own, by passively allowing the mark to be applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_an_apostate_Jew">Death of an apostate Jew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Death of an apostate Jew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no mourning for an <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_apostasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in apostasy">apostate Jew</a> according to Jewish law. (See that article for a discussion of precisely what actions and motivations render a Jew an "apostate.") </p><p>In the past several centuries, the custom developed among <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazic">Ashkenazic</a> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jews</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Hassidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassidic">Hasidic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Haredi">Haredi</a> Jews), that the family would "<a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">sit shiva</a>" if and when one of their relatives would leave the fold of traditional Judaism. The definition of "leaving the fold" varies within communities; some would sit <i>shiva</i> if a family member married a non-Jew; others would only sit <i>shiva</i> if the individual actually converted to another faith, and even then, some would make a distinction between those who chose to do so of their own will, and those who were pressured into conversion. (In <a href="/wiki/Sholom_Aleichem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sholom Aleichem">Sholom Aleichem</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tevye" title="Tevye">Tevye</a>, when the title character's daughter converts to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> to marry a <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, Tevye sits <i>shiva</i> for her and generally refers to her as "dead.") At the height of the so called <a href="/wiki/Mitnagdim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitnagdim">Mitnagdim</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Hassidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassidic">Hasidic</a> term for traditional mainline Ashkenazi practitioners, meaning 'those who are against', meaning against the changes introduced by Chasidim) movement, in the early-to-mid nineteenth century, some families even sat <i>shiva</i> if a family member joined the Hasidim. (It is said that when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leibel_Eiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leibel Eiger (page does not exist)">Leibel Eiger</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8" class="extiw" title="he:יהודה לייב איגר">he</a>]</span> joined Hasidism, his father, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Eger" title="Solomon Eger">Shlomo Eiger</a> sat <i>shiva</i>, but his grandfather, the famed Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Eiger" title="Akiva Eiger">Akiva Eiger</a>, did not. It is also said that Leibel Eiger came to be <i>menachem avel</i> [console the mourner]). By the mid-twentieth century, however, Hasidism was recognized <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by most traditional Ashkenazim as a valid form of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>, and thus the (controversial) practice of sitting <i>shiva</i> for those who realign to Hasidism almost completely ceased to exist. </p><p>Today, some <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a>, particularly the more strictly observant ones (such as many Haredi and Hasidic communities), maintain the practice of sitting <i>shiva</i> for a family member who has left the religious community. Most Jews, especially liberal Jews and Jewish religious communities, however, question the practice, eschewing it as a harsh act that could make it more difficult for the family member to return to traditional practice at a later date.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Days_of_remembrance">Days of remembrance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Days of remembrance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a> - A day of mourning for the destruction of both the First and Second <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> and other events</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a>, final day of <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> - The four days on which <a href="/wiki/Yizkor" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a> is recited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_of_Tevet" title="Tenth of Tevet">Tenth of Tevet</a> - Fast day on which it has become a custom for some to say Kaddish for those whose yahrzeits are unknown or who were murdered in the Holocaust</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaShoah" title="Yom HaShoah">Yom HaShoah</a> - National day of remembrance in Israel (and by many Jews worldwide) for those murdered in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> as well as for the <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Hazikaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Hazikaron">Yom Hazikaron</a> - National day of remembrance in Israel for those who died in service of Israel or were killed in terrorist attacks</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Judaism" title="Heaven in Judaism">Heaven in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_for_the_dead_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics for the dead in Judaism">Honorifics for the dead in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahala_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nahala (disambiguation)">Nahala</a> (disambiguation page), Hebrew word for heritage or estate widely used for toponyms in Israel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahrtzeit_candle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahrtzeit candle">Yahrtzeit candle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Klein-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Isaac, <i>A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice</i>, Ktav Publishing House, 1979, page 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silverman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-silverman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silverman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silverman_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSilverman1984" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Morris (1984). <i>Prayers of Consolation</i>. Media Judaica Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87677-062-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87677-062-6"><bdi>0-87677-062-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prayers+of+Consolation&rft.pub=Media+Judaica+Inc.&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-87677-062-6&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tamidnyc.org/34-death-mourning/">"#34 Death & Mourning | tamid nyc"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2334+Death+%26+Mourning+%26%23124%3B+tamid+nyc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftamidnyc.org%2F34-death-mourning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guide-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guide_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guide_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Isaac, <i>A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice</i>, Ktav Publishing House, 1979, page 278: "קריאה, or rending one's garment... In biblical times, it was customary to tend one's garment upon hearing sad news, especially news of the death of a dear one... The present law requires Qeri'ah only for those relatives who must observe the mourning period...For a very practical reason, however, the Qeri'ah is now due at the funeral—all mourners are present, and normally there is someone there who knows the procedure"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fG.Chev-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fG.Chev_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fG.Chev_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-funeral-guide.com/tradition/chevra-kadisha.htm">"Jewish Funeral Guide – Jewish Burial Society – Chevra Kadisha – חברה קדישא"</a>. <i>www.jewish-funeral-guide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewish-funeral-guide.com&rft.atitle=Jewish+Funeral+Guide+%E2%80%93+Jewish+Burial+Society+%E2%80%93+Chevra+Kadisha+%E2%80%93+%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94+%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewish-funeral-guide.com%2Ftradition%2Fchevra-kadisha.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syd.A-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syd.A_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sck.org.au/">"Home"</a>. <i>Chevra Kadisha Sydney</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chevra+Kadisha+Sydney&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sck.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/282548/jewish/The-Basics.htm">"Death & Mourning: The Basics"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+%26+Mourning%3A+The+Basics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F282548%2Fjewish%2FThe-Basics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soultalk-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soultalk_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soultalk_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/282505/jewish/Soul-Talk.htm">"Death & Mourning: Soul Talk"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+%26+Mourning%3A+Soul+Talk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F282505%2Fjewish%2FSoul-Talk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oztorah.com/2013/08/flowers-on-graves-ask-the-rabbi/">"OzTorah » Blog Archive » Flowers on graves – Ask the Rabbi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OzTorah+%C2%BB+Blog+Archive+%C2%BB+Flowers+on+graves+%E2%80%93+Ask+the+Rabbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oztorah.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fflowers-on-graves-ask-the-rabbi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406021534/http://www.shermanschapel.com/the-jewish-funeral-ceremony.html">"The Jewish Funeral Ceremony – Brooklyn Funeral Home"</a>. <i>www.shermanschapel.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shermanschapel.com/the-jewish-funeral-ceremony.html">the original</a> on 2017-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shermanschapel.com&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Funeral+Ceremony+%E2%80%93+Brooklyn+Funeral+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shermanschapel.com%2Fthe-jewish-funeral-ceremony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Yosef Qafih</a>, <i>Halikhot Teiman</i> (3rd edition), <a href="/wiki/Ben-Zvi_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben-Zvi Institute">Ben-Zvi Institute</a>: Jerusalem 1982, pp. 250–251; cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i>Megillah</i> 26a), the words of Rabbi Menahem, the son of Rabbi Yosi, ibid. See also <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <i>Megillah</i> 4:14, where it states: "They do not perform [the solemn obsequies of] <i>Ma'amad u'Moshav</i> with less than ten persons, etc."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewish Cemetery, Burial and Mourning Customs: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcam.org/Pages/Foundation/Education/articles/rending-garmet-in-grief.php">"Kriah" or Rending a Garment in Grief</a>. Jewish Cemetery Association of Massachusetts (JCAM). Accessed 31 October 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYehudai_Gaon1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Yehudai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehudai Gaon">Yehudai Gaon</a> (1999). <a href="/wiki/Halachot_Pesukot" title="Halachot Pesukot"><i>Sefer Halachot Pesukot</i></a> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ahavat Shalom. p. 425. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42433185">42433185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Halachot+Pesukot&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=Ahavat+Shalom&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42433185&rft.au=Yehudai+Gaon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaimonides1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (1974). <i>Sefer Mishneh Torah – HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 7. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Mishneh+Torah+%E2%80%93+HaYad+Ha-Chazakah+%28Maimonides%27+Code+of+Jewish+Law%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Pe%27er+HaTorah&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Maimonides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span>, s.v. <i>Hilkot Avel</i> 8:1–2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.funeralwise.com/customs/jewish">" "Jewish Funeral Customs – Funeralwise.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Funeral+Customs+%E2%80%93+Funeralwise.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.funeralwise.com%2Fcustoms%2Fjewish%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> – says "The service .. begins with the cutting of a black ribbon"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430020554/http://secure.whctemple.org/site/usermedia/application/7/guide-for-jewish-funeral-practices.pdf">"Guide for Jewish Funeral Practices – Washington Hebrew Congregation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secure.whctemple.org/site/usermedia/application/7/guide-for-jewish-funeral-practices.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+for+Jewish+Funeral+Practices+%E2%80%93+Washington+Hebrew+Congregation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecure.whctemple.org%2Fsite%2Fusermedia%2Fapplication%2F7%2Fguide-for-jewish-funeral-practices.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> says – "Among Conservative and Reform Jews, a black ribbon is<span class="nowrap"> </span>..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamm" class="citation web cs1">Lamm, Maurice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=281558">"Death & Mourning: Keriah"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+%26+Mourning%3A+Keriah&rft.aulast=Lamm&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle.asp%3FAID%3D281558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/underhesped.html">"Jewish Law – Articles – Understanding The Mitzvah of Hesped"</a>. <i>www.jlaw.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jlaw.com&rft.atitle=Jewish+Law+%E2%80%93+Articles+%E2%80%93+Understanding+The+Mitzvah+of+Hesped&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jlaw.com%2FArticles%2Funderhesped.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908233938/http://ezrabessaroth.net/leadership/rabbi-s-blog/entry/rabbi-herschel-schacter-zt-l">"Rabbi Herschel Schacter zt"l"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ezrabessaroth.net/leadership/rabbi-s-blog/entry/rabbi-herschel-schacter-zt-l">the original</a> on 2016-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rabbi+Herschel+Schacter+zt%22l&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ezrabessaroth.net%2Fleadership%2Frabbi-s-blog%2Fentry%2Frabbi-herschel-schacter-zt-l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-funeral-guide.com/tradition/eulogy.htm">"Jewish Funeral Guide – Jewish Funeral Services – לוויה – Eulogy – הספד"</a>. <i>www.jewish-funeral-guide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewish-funeral-guide.com&rft.atitle=Jewish+Funeral+Guide+%E2%80%93+Jewish+Funeral+Services+%E2%80%93+%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94+%E2%80%93+Eulogy+%E2%80%93+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%93&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewish-funeral-guide.com%2Ftradition%2Feulogy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> 21:23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> 47a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807043528/http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=5&CHAPTER=34">"Navigating the Bible"</a>. <i>bible.ort.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=5&CHAPTER=34">the original</a> on 2011-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bible.ort.org&rft.atitle=Navigating+the+Bible&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbible.ort.org%2Fbooks%2Fpentd2.asp%3FACTION%3Ddisplaypage%26BOOK%3D5%26CHAPTER%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tzuras ..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Zalman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/368092/jewish/The-Burial.htm">"The Burial"</a>. chabad.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Burial&rft.pub=chabad.org&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Zalman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F368092%2Fjewish%2FThe-Burial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kvurat-eretz-isr.org.il/">Kvurat Eretz Yisrael</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm">"Genesis 25 / Hebrew – English Bible / Mechon-Mamre"</a>. <i>mechon-mamre.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mechon-mamre.org&rft.atitle=Genesis+25+%2F+Hebrew+%E2%80%93+English+Bible+%2F+Mechon-Mamre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mechon-mamre.org%2Fp%2Fpt%2Fpt0125.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>od 23 yamim</i> (page 330, Pnai Baruch) = "an additional 23 days"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Yehoyada to Sanhedrin 42a and Aruch HaShulchan, Yoreh Deah, 376:13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/281541/jewish/The-Jewish-Way-in-Death-and-Mourning.htm">Rabbi Maurice Lamm uses the phrase "the son's recitation of kaddish" in the middle of page 158 and then again in the middle of page 159 of the original/pre-2000 edition online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Artscroll has substantiation, including not carrying out a father's wish when there are daughters and not sons, on pp.359–360 of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg1991" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Chaim Binyamin (1991). <i>Mourning in Halachah</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89906-171-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89906-171-0"><bdi>0-89906-171-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mourning+in+Halachah&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89906-171-0&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Chaim+Binyamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Jastrow" title="Marcus Jastrow">Marcus Jastrow</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Jastrow%2C_%D7%9E%D6%B7%D7%A6%D6%B5%D6%BC%D7%91%D6%B8%D7%94.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Dictionary of Targumim, Talmud and Midrashic Literature</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mourning in Halacha, 42:8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is also a known restriction regarding the month of Nisan: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://5tjt.com/visiting-cemeteries-in-nissan">"Visiting Cemeteries In Nissan"</a>. 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visiting+Cemeteries+In+Nissan&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F5tjt.com%2Fvisiting-cemeteries-in-nissan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohr.edu/ask_db/ask_main.php/18/Q2/">"What happens at an "Unveiling"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Ohr Somayach</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ohr+Somayach&rft.atitle=What+happens+at+an+%22Unveiling%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fohr.edu%2Fask_db%2Fask_main.php%2F18%2FQ2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another possible list is: (1, 23, 24, 103). Different communities have different customs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gesher HaChaim, Ch. 28 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pikholz.org/Hevron/Gesher.html">"From GESHER HAHAYYIM, Chapter 28"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+GESHER+HAHAYYIM%2C+Chapter+28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pikholz.org%2FHevron%2FGesher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, <i>Sheqalim</i> 7a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mishne Torah of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Yosef Qafih</a>, Jerusalem, s.v. <i>Hil. Avel</i> 4:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maimonides, <i><a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i>, <i>Hil. Avel</i> 4:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Questions & Responsa of Rabbi Shelomo ben Aderet</i>, <i>responsum</i> # 375</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=139&letter=J">"Jahrzeit"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. 1906.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jahrzeit&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D139%26letter%3DJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SephRel-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SephRel_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStillman1995" class="citation book cs1">Stillman, Norman A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KT8AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>Sephardi Religious Responses</i></a>. Routledge. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134365494" title="Special:BookSources/9781134365494"><bdi>9781134365494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sephardi+Religious+Responses&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781134365494&rft.aulast=Stillman&rft.aufirst=Norman+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKT8AAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org/ssb/ATimeToWeep.pdf">"Meldado"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rhodes Jewish Museum. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meldado&rft.pub=Rhodes+Jewish+Museum&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodesjewishmuseum.org%2Fssb%2FATimeToWeep.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rabbikaganoff.com/fasting-and-feasting-on-a-yahrtzeit/">rabbikaganoff.com</a> where Rabbi Yirmiyohu Kaganoff Shlita finds references to this in <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Hasidim" title="Sefer Hasidim">Sefer Hasidim</a> and the writings of <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">".. during the month of the Yahrzeit. (Chabad of Commerce) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishcommerce.org/memorial-wall">"MEMORIAL WALL"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEMORIAL+WALL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishcommerce.org%2Fmemorial-wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"At the side of each nameplate, there is a Memorial Light, which is lit each year on the Yahrzeit and for all Yizkor commemorations." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222954/http://ohrkodesh.org/jewish-living/life-cycle-events/memorial-plaque">"Memorial Plaque"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohrkodesh.org/jewish-living/life-cycle-events/memorial-plaque">the original</a> on 2017-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorial+Plaque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fohrkodesh.org%2Fjewish-living%2Flife-cycle-events%2Fmemorial-plaque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmud Bavli, Masechet Moe'ed Katan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWITTENBERG,_CJN_Staff_Reporter2014" class="citation news cs1">WITTENBERG, CJN Staff Reporter, Ed (June 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/news/local/article_a42334e4-fc7e-11e3-9082-0019bb2963f4.html">"Remembering the Lubavitcher Rebbe On 20th yahrzeit, Rabbi Schneerson still making an impact in world"</a>. Cleveland Jewish News. <q>This Jewish tradition to travel to the graveside on the occasion of a Yahrzeit is ancient... said Chabad of Cleveland has planned a series of events to commemorate Schneerson's 20th yahrzeit. They include a six-week Jewish Learning Institute course about the teachings of the Rebbe and an upcoming Shabbaton with a scholar-in-residence to promote his teachings. </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Lubavitcher+Rebbe+On+20th+yahrzeit%2C+Rabbi+Schneerson+still+making+an+impact+in+world&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft.aulast=WITTENBERG%2C+CJN+Staff+Reporter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandjewishnews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticle_a42334e4-fc7e-11e3-9082-0019bb2963f4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following or similar wording appear in several religious sources: "The prevalent practice among Sepharadim is to sit during Kaddish <b>unless one had been standing when Kaddish began. Many have the custom to stand during the half-kaddish recited during the Friday night prayer service, given the significant spiritual benefits that one can receive at that time. It is proper for a Sephardic Jew praying in an Ashkenazic minyan to stand for Kaddish and Barechu (Rav David Yosef, Halachah Berurah (56:17).</b> (emphasis added). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communitym.com/article.asp?article_id=103875">This quote is from a widely circulated Sephardic periodical, <i>Community Magazine</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ben Ish Chai, a widely respected Sephardic source, refers to "the congregation rises slightly" regarding Barchu, a similar situation, as noted in the prior quote regarding "to stand for Kaddish and Barechu." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://halachayomit.co.il/en/Default.aspx?HalachaID=3544&PageIndex=44">"The Obligation to Stand While Kaddish and Barechu are Recited"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Obligation+to+Stand+While+Kaddish+and+Barechu+are+Recited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhalachayomit.co.il%2Fen%2FDefault.aspx%3FHalachaID%3D3544%26PageIndex%3D44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> As for Orthodox Ashkenaz practice, "Some rise partially when the words Amen, yehei shemei rabba are said." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moreshesashkenaz.org/mm/publications/MadrichEnglish.pdf">"Guide to Minhag Ashkenaz – Machon Moreshes Ashkenaz"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Minhag+Ashkenaz+%E2%80%93+Machon+Moreshes+Ashkenaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moreshesashkenaz.org%2Fmm%2Fpublications%2FMadrichEnglish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> Some sources indicate that when reciting "Amen, YeHay ShMay...," some <i>"elevate"</i> – meaning that they are not actually fully sitting, but neither are they standing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Artscroll Siddur specifically mentions other titles, "Mitzad Avi.. MiTzad Imi" = on my father's side, on my mother's side</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yizk.Chabad-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yizk.Chabad_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yizk.Chabad_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chabad mentions this at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/371509/jewish/Yizkor-The-Memorial-Prayer.htm">"Yizkor – The Memorial Prayer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yizkor+%E2%80%93+The+Memorial+Prayer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F371509%2Fjewish%2FYizkor-The-Memorial-Prayer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211160535/http://www.shimonapisdorf.com/yizkor-a-four-part-guide/">"Yizkor: A four part guide – Shimon Apisdorf"</a>. <i>www.shimonapisdorf.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shimonapisdorf.com/yizkor-a-four-part-guide">the original</a> on 2017-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shimonapisdorf.com&rft.atitle=Yizkor%3A+A+four+part+guide+%E2%80%93+Shimon+Apisdorf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shimonapisdorf.com%2Fyizkor-a-four-part-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The OU is more detailed but ends on "one should follow one's own family minhag or the practice of one's community."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BJC33-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BJC33_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum1975" class="citation book cs1">Birnbaum, Philip (1975). "El Male Rahamim". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn"><i>A Book of Jewish Concepts</i></a></span> (Revised ed.). New York: Hebrew Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884828761" title="Special:BookSources/9780884828761"><bdi>9780884828761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+Male+Rahamim&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Jewish+Concepts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=33&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Hebrew+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780884828761&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofjewishconc00birn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLammBook-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MLammBook_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLammBook_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamm2000" class="citation book cs1">Lamm, Maurice (2000). <i>The Jewish Way in Death and Mourning, Revised and Expanded</i>. Middle Village, NY: Jonathan David Publishers, Inc. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8246-0422-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8246-0422-9"><bdi>0-8246-0422-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Way+in+Death+and+Mourning%2C+Revised+and+Expanded&rft.place=Middle+Village%2C+NY&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Jonathan+David+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8246-0422-9&rft.aulast=Lamm&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewTrad-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JewTrad_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewTrad_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2010" class="citation book cs1">Eisenberg, Ronald (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qGHi_9K154C&pg=PA461"><i>Jewish Traditions: A JPS Guide</i></a>. Jewish Publication Society. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0827610392" title="Special:BookSources/978-0827610392"><bdi>978-0827610392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Traditions%3A+A+JPS+Guide&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0827610392&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qGHi_9K154C%26pg%3DPA461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/life-lessons-from-mishlei/tzedakah-given-lilui-nishmas-work">"How Does Tzedakah Given L'Ilui Nishmas Work?"</a>. <i>OU.org OU Torah (<a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a>)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OU.org+OU+Torah+%28Orthodox+Union%29&rft.atitle=How+Does+Tzedakah+Given+L%27Ilui+Nishmas+Work%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Ftorah%2Fnach%2Flife-lessons-from-mishlei%2Ftzedakah-given-lilui-nishmas-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Z17.5TJT-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Z17.5TJT_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRabbi_Yair_Hoffman2017" class="citation news cs1">Rabbi Yair Hoffman (29 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5tjt.com/the-mesorah-of-rabbi-meir-zlotowitz">"The Mesorah Of Rabbi Meir Zlotowitz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Towns_Jewish_Times" title="Five Towns Jewish Times">Five Towns Jewish Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Five+Towns+Jewish+Times&rft.atitle=The+Mesorah+Of+Rabbi+Meir+Zlotowitz&rft.date=2017-06-29&rft.au=Rabbi+Yair+Hoffman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.5tjt.com%2Fthe-mesorah-of-rabbi-meir-zlotowitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The founder of <a href="/wiki/Artscroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscroll">Artscroll</a>, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Meir_Zlotowitz" title="Meir Zlotowitz">Meir Zlotowitz</a>, authored the first book <i>L'Illui NishMat</i> a young married friend who died childless</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehillim-online.com/lectureContinue?code=981d0d19f53b91768426003f8f2499be">"Joint Tehillim Reading"</a>. <i>Tehillim-online.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tehillim-online.com&rft.atitle=Joint+Tehillim+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehillim-online.com%2FlectureContinue%3Fcode%3D981d0d19f53b91768426003f8f2499be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The original cemetery land is at Lilac Terrace and Lookout Drive (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bereavement_in_Judaism&params=34.0691_N_118.2411_W_type:landmark&title=Hebrew+Benevolent+Society+%E2%80%93+Site+of+first+Jewish+cemetery+in+LA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°14′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.0691°N 118.2411°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.0691; -118.2411</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Hebrew Benevolent Society – Site of first Jewish cemetery in LA</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJH-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJH_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJH_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohen1969" class="citation magazine cs1">Cohen, Thomas (April 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313080920/http://www.wsjhistory.com/early_jewish_la.htm">"Early Jewish LA"</a>. <i>Western States Jewish History</i>. Vol. 1, no. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsjhistory.com/early_jewish_la.htm">the original</a> on 2012-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+States+Jewish+History&rft.atitle=Early+Jewish+LA&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1969-04&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsjhistory.com%2Fearly_jewish_la.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeofpeacememorialpark.com/">"Home of Peace Memorial Park"</a>. Los Angeles, CA: Home of Peace Memorial Park<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+of+Peace+Memorial+Park&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=Home+of+Peace+Memorial+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeofpeacememorialpark.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bereavement_in_Judaism&params=34.022_N_118.175_W_type:landmark&title=Home+of+Piece+Memorial+Park"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°01′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°10′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.022°N 118.175°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.022; -118.175</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Home of Piece Memorial Park</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfsla.org">"Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles"</a>. Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Family+Service+of+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Jewish+Family+Service+of+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfsla.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerg" class="citation news cs1">Berg, Elaine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/opinion/743/beating-the-organ-donor-taboo/">"Beating the Organ Donor Taboo"</a>. <i>The Forward</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Beating+the+Organ+Donor+Taboo&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fopinion%2F743%2Fbeating-the-organ-donor-taboo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hods.org/about-hods/orthodox-rabbis/">"HUNDREDS OF ORTHODOX RABBIS CARRY ORGAN DONOR CARDS – HODS"</a>. <i>HODS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HODS&rft.atitle=HUNDREDS+OF+ORTHODOX+RABBIS+CARRY+ORGAN+DONOR+CARDS+%E2%80%93+HODS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhods.org%2Fabout-hods%2Forthodox-rabbis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yesodei Smachos (p. 38 in 1978 edition), citing Gesher HaChaim, 28:9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">citing <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFApple" class="citation web cs1">Apple, Raymond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oztorah.com/2007/09/cremation-ask-the-rabbi/">"Cremation – Ask the Rabbi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cremation+%E2%80%93+Ask+the+Rabbi&rft.aulast=Apple&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oztorah.com%2F2007%2F09%2Fcremation-ask-the-rabbi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Jewish Way in Death and Burial". <i>Chabad International</i>. February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chabad+International&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Way+in+Death+and+Burial&rft.date=2017-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZivotofsky2010" class="citation web cs1">Zivotofsky, Ari (13 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishaction.com/religion/jewish-law/what2/">"What's the Truth about ... a Jew with a Tattoo Being Buried in a Jewish Cemetery?"</a>. Orthodox Union.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+Truth+about+...+a+Jew+with+a+Tattoo+Being+Buried+in+a+Jewish+Cemetery%3F&rft.pub=Orthodox+Union&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft.aulast=Zivotofsky&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishaction.com%2Freligion%2Fjewish-law%2Fwhat2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber" class="citation web cs1">Schreiber, Azriel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishanswers.org/ask-the-rabbi-category/from-idolatry-to-conversion/?p=120">"Burying a Tattooed Person in a Jewish Cemetery"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burying+a+Tattooed+Person+in+a+Jewish+Cemetery&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Azriel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishanswers.org%2Fask-the-rabbi-category%2Ffrom-idolatry-to-conversion%2F%3Fp%3D120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTorgovnick2008" class="citation news cs1">Torgovnick, Kate (July 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/fashion/17SKIN.html">"Skin Deep: For Some Jews, It Only Sounds Like 'Taboo'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Skin+Deep%3A+For+Some+Jews%2C+It+Only+Sounds+Like+%27Taboo%27&rft.date=2008-07-17&rft.aulast=Torgovnick&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F17%2Ffashion%2F17SKIN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/533444/jewish/Can-a-person-with-a-tattoo-be-buried-in-a-Jewish-cemetery.htm">"Can a person with a tattoo be buried in a Jewish cemetery?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+a+person+with+a+tattoo+be+buried+in+a+Jewish+cemetery%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F533444%2Fjewish%2FCan-a-person-with-a-tattoo-be-buried-in-a-Jewish-cemetery.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABereavement+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809212632/https://kaddish-prayer.com/wiki/yizkor">Yizkor definition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Afsai, Shai, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newenglishreview.org/Shai_Afsai/The_Shomer/">The Shomer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927225559/https://www.newenglishreview.org/Shai_Afsai/The_Shomer/">Archived</a> 2021-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," <i>New English Review</i>, December 2018.</li> <li>Brener, Anne, <i>Mourning and Mitzvah: A Guided Journal for Walking the Mourner's Path Through Grief to Healing</i>, Jewish Lights/Turner Publishing, 3rd Edition (2017). Fully revised with a new author's preface, epilogue and new guided exercises.</li> <li>Diamant, Anita, <i>Saying Kaddish: How to Comfort the Dying, Bury the Dead, and Mourn as a Jew</i>. Schocken Books, 1999.</li> <li>Goodman, Arnold M., <i>A Plain Pine Box: A Return to Simple Jewish Funerals and Eternal Traditions</i>, Ktav Publishing House, 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_J._Kolatch" title="Alfred J. Kolatch">Kolatch, Alfred J.</a>, <i>The Jewish Mourners Book of Why</i>, Jonathan David Publishers, 1993.</li> <li>Kelman, Stuart, <i>Chesed Shel Emet: Guidelines for Taharah</i>, EKS Publishing Co, 2003.</li> <li>Klein, Isaac, <i>A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice</i>, Ktav Publishing House, 1979.</li> <li>Lamm, Maurice, <i>The Jewish Way in Death and Mourning</i>, Jonathan David Publishers, 2000. Available in print; also available for free <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/281541/jewish/The-Jewish-Way-in-Death-and-Mourning.htm">online</a>.</li> <li>Riemer, Jack, <i>So That Your Values Live On – Ethical Wills and How to Prepare Them</i>, Jewish Lights Publishing, 1991.</li> <li>Riemer, Jack, <i>Jewish Insights on Death and Mourning</i>, Syracuse University Press, 2002.</li> <li>Syme, Daniel B. and Sonsino, Rifat, <i>What Happens After I Die? Jewish Views of Life After Death</i>, URJ Press, 1990.</li> <li>Wolfson, Ron, <i>A Time to Mourn, A Time to Comfort: A Guide to Jewish Bereavement and Comfort</i>, Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock, Vermont. 1996.</li> <li>Wolpe, David, <i>Making Loss Matter – Creating Meaning in Difficult Times</i>, Penguin, 1999.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11191-mourning/">"Mourning"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_life165" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_life" title="Template:Jewish life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_life" title="Template talk:Jewish life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_life165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Jewish life</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birth and infancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_birthday" title="Hebrew birthday">Hebrew birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Zachar" title="Shalom Zachar">Shalom Zachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit milah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/72px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/108px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/144px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/120px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/250px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coming of age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upsherin" title="Upsherin">Upsherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimpel" title="Wimpel">Wimpel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">Bar and bat mitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_washing_in_Judaism" title="Ritual washing in Judaism">Ritual washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_prayers_and_blessings" title="List of Jewish prayers and blessings">Prayers and blessings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Grace after meals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics in Judaism">Honorifics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriageable age in Judaism">Marriageable age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">Role of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichus" title="Yichus">Yichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Matchmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erusin" title="Erusin">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Ketubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheva_Brachot" title="Sheva Brachot">Sheva Brachot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">Mikvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(divorce_document)" title="Get (divorce document)">Divorce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religious practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly Torah reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daf_Yomi" title="Daf Yomi">Daf Yomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiur" title="Shiur">Shiur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyum" title="Siyum">Siyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa">Chavrusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavurah" title="Chavurah">Chavurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidush" class="mw-redirect" title="Chidush">Chidush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machzor" title="Machzor">Machzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Death</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra Kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Tehillim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit_candle" title="Yahrzeit candle">Yahrzeit candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizkor" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_for_the_dead_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics for the dead in Judaism">Honorifics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jews_and_Judaism715" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jews_and_Judaism715" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">Outline of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jewish_history-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Jewish history-related articles">Index of Jewish history-related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Judaism" title="Origins of Judaism">Origins of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel and Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogal_Judaism" title="Synagogal Judaism">Synagogal Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Atheists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta_Christianity" title="Xueta Christianity">Xueta Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_claiming_affiliation_with_Israelites" title="Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites">Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diaspora28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuts" title="Chuts">Chuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galitzianers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Lita'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlander_Jews" title="Oberlander Jews">Oberlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Udmurtia_and_Tatarstan" title="History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan">Udmurt and Tatar Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterlander_Jews" title="Unterlander Jews">Unterlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Abraham" title="Beta Abraham">Beta Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_Jews" title="Desi Jews">Desi Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Kochinim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzínim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinopolitan_Karaites" title="Constantinopolitan Karaites">Constantinopolitan Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdish Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Jews" title="Maghrebi Jews">Maghrebi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alexandria" title="History of the Jews in Alexandria">Alexandrian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Jews" title="Baghdadi Jews">Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egyptian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfalim" title="Urfalim">Urfalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeni_Jews" title="Adeni Jews">Adeni Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habbani_Jews" title="Habbani Jews">Ḥabbanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saada" title="History of the Jews in Saada">Saada Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27arabi_Jews" title="Musta'arabi Jews">Mustaʿravim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Jewish tribes of Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Eastern Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Livorno" title="History of the Jews in Livorno">Livornese Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Sephardim" title="North African Sephardim">North African Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Jews" title="Paradesi Jews">Paradesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshuchrarim" title="Meshuchrarim">Meshuchrarim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Sephardic Bnei Anusim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_diaspora_languages" title="List of Jewish diaspora languages">Diasporic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language#List_of_signed_languages" title="Manually coded language">Signed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Catalanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Amazigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Yahudic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judeo-Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Judaeo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judeo-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malay" title="Judeo-Malay">Judeo-Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judeo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Borujerdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Borujerdi">Judeo-Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judeo-Golpaygani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Hamedani">Judeo-Hamedani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Juhuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayliñña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Kivruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Koiné Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotegorisch" title="Lotegorisch">Lotegorisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwareña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Shassagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Shuadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_authority" title="Rabbinic authority">Rabbinic authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Eschatology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_in_Judaism" title="Holiness in Judaism">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefirot" title="Sefirot">Sefirot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of Judaism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvishe" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvishe">Litvaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Hasidism" title="Neo-Hasidism">Neo-Hasidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolog_Judaism" title="Neolog Judaism">Neolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationships_between_Jewish_religious_movements" title="Relationships between Jewish religious movements">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a>/Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_texts_of_Kabbalah" title="Primary texts of Kabbalah">Kabbalah texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_Rimonim" title="Pardes Rimonim">Pardes Rimonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaBahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer HaBahir">Sefer HaBahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_(book)" title="Etz Chaim (book)">Sefer HaEtz Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Raziel_HaMalakh" title="Sefer Raziel HaMalakh">Sefer Raziel HaMalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monen" title="Monen">Monen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leadership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Divorce in Judaism">Divorce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_symbolism" title="Jewish symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Jewish_History" title="Center for Jewish History">Center for Jewish History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Historical_Society" title="American Jewish Historical Society">American Jewish Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sephardi_Federation" title="American Sephardi Federation">American Sephardi Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baeck_Institute_New_York" title="Leo Baeck Institute New York">Leo Baeck Institute New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_Contemporary_Jewish_Documentation" title="Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation">Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies on Jews">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Jew (word)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_YIVO_Encyclopedia_of_Jews_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe">YIVO Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Holocaust" title="Encyclopedia of the Holocaust">Encyclopedia of the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust Encyclopedia">Holocaust Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_other_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Anabaptist–Jewish relations">Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Judaism" title="Protestantism and Judaism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Halloween" title="Jews and Halloween">Jews and Halloween</a></li></ul></li> <li>non-Christian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/13px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/26px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2524956#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85087977">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548300905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&oldid=1279810244#Terminology_and_timing">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&oldid=1279810244#Terminology_and_timing</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Category:Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement in Judaism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_aspects_of_death" title="Category:Cultural aspects of death">Cultural aspects of death</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_life_cycle" title="Category:Jewish life cycle">Jewish life cycle</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2019" title="Category:Use American English from March 2019">Use American English from March 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Yiddish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Yiddish-language text">Articles containing Yiddish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ladino-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ladino-language text">Articles containing Ladino-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 March 2025, at 18:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Terminology_and_timing" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bereavement in Judaism</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>16 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-dffn5","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.838","walltime":"1.051","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4956,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":172711,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3244,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":216905,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 809.140 1 -total"," 33.76% 273.150 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.83% 111.932 13 Template:Lang"," 13.11% 106.073 35 Template:Cite_web"," 11.39% 92.183 8 Template:Cite_book"," 10.14% 82.016 1 Template:Judaism"," 9.93% 80.329 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.44% 68.281 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.09% 49.279 3 Template:Navbox"," 4.38% 35.477 3 Template:Citation_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.475","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20255804,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-ffht2","timestamp":"20250331182315","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bereavement in Judaism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bereavement_in_Judaism#Terminology_and_timing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2524956","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2524956","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-01T00:14:12Z","dateModified":"2025-03-10T18:28:28Z","headline":"Jewish mourning practices"}</script> </body> </html>