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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Transition period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_post-handover_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_post-handover_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Early post-handover years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_post-handover_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_Chief_Executive_election_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_Chief_Executive_election_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>2012 Chief Executive election and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_Chief_Executive_election_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convenor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convenor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Convenor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convenor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_Council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>District Council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_Council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Φιλοκινεζική παράταξη του Χονγκ Κονγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοκινεζική παράταξη του Χονγκ Κονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_Pro-Pek%C3%ADn_(Hong_Kong)" title="Campo Pro-Pekín (Hong Kong) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Campo Pro-Pekín (Hong Kong)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%A0%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="건제파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건제파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubu_pro-Beijing_(Hong_Kong)" title="Kubu pro-Beijing (Hong Kong) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kubu pro-Beijing (Hong Kong)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="建制派 (香港) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建制派 (香港)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phe_ki%E1%BA%BFn_ch%E1%BA%BF_(H%E1%BB%93ng_K%C3%B4ng)" title="Phe kiến chế (Hồng Kông) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phe kiến chế (Hồng Kông)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="建制派 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="建制派" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="建制派 (香港) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="建制派 (香港)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political alignment in Hong Kong</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pro-Beijing camp" redirects here. For the political alignment in Macau, see <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)">Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Pro-Beijing camp</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="zh-hk"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">建制派</span></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">LegCo</a> Convenor</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Liao" title="Martin Liao">Martin Liao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">HK</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a><br /><b>Factions:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong#Pro-Beijing_leftists" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">HK</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a><br />(customary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">88 / 90 (98%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 98%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">469 / 470 (100%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">NPC</a> (HK deputies)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">36 / 36 (100%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> (HK members)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">124 / 124 (100%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1,447 / 1,500 (96%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 96%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid red;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Pro-Beijing camp</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">親北京陣營</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">亲北京阵营</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qīn Běijīng Zhènyíng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄑㄧㄣㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥㄓㄣˋ ㄧㄥˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ch'in<sup>1</sup> Pei<sup>3</sup>-ching<sup>1</sup> Chen<sup>4</sup>-ying<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕʰín pèɪ.tɕíŋ ʈʂə̂n.ǐŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Chān bāk gīng jahn yìhng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Can1 bak1 ging1 zan6 jing4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰɐn˥ pɐk̚˥ kɪŋ˥ tsɐn˨ jɪŋ˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Pro-establishment camp</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">建制派</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jiànzhìpài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ ㄆㄞˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chien<sup>4</sup>-chih<sup>4</sup>-p'ai<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕjɛ̂n.ʈʂɻ̩̂.pʰâɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gin jai paai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gin3 zai3 paai3</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kin˧ tsɐj˧ pʰaj˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Pro-China camp</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">親中派</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">亲中派</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qīnzhōngpài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄑㄧㄣㄓㄨㄥㄆㄞˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ch'in<sup>1</sup>-chung<sup>1</sup>-p'ai<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕʰín.ʈʂʊ́ŋ.pʰâɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Chān jūng paai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Can1 zung1 paai3</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰɐn˥ tsʊŋ˥ pʰaj˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:white; border:1px solid #8C0046;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046; background:#A20051"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hkpol2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/170px-Hkpol2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/255px-Hkpol2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/340px-Hkpol2.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C40062; color:white; border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046;"> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">Politics</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">government</span></a><br /> of <span class="region">Hong Kong</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Laws</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Drafting Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Consultative Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> (national security laws)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">2024 law</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45">Article 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_46" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 46">Article 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_69" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 69">Article 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino%E2%80%93British_Joint_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino–British Joint Declaration">Sino–British Joint Declaration</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_criminal_law" title="Hong Kong criminal law">Criminal law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Capital punishment in Hong Kong">Capital punishment in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure (Hong Kong)">Criminal procedure</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jury_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jury system in Hong Kong">Jury system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Human rights</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet censorship in Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_Executive" title="Office of the Chief Executive">Office of the Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_officials_of_Hong_Kong" title="Principal officials of Hong Kong">Principal officials</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chan" title="Eric Chan">Eric Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_(Hong_Kong)" title="Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)">Financial Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chan_Mo-po" title="Paul Chan Mo-po">Paul Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong)">Secretary for Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lam" title="Paul Lam">Paul Lam</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Convenor: <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Secretariat" title="Government Secretariat">Government Secretariat</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_government_agencies" title="List of Hong Kong government agencies">Government agencies</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Bureau" title="Civil Service Bureau">Civil Service Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Secretariat_for_the_Advisory_Bodies_on_Civil_Service_and_Judicial_Salaries_and_Conditions_of_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service (page does not exist)">Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_and_Mainland_Affairs_Bureau" title="Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li> <li>Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_Bureau" title="Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau">Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department" title="Leisure and Cultural Services Department">Leisure and Cultural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism Commission (page does not exist)">Tourism Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_Bureau" title="Education Bureau">Education Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>University Grants Committee Secretariat</li> <li>Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Ecology_Bureau" title="Environment and Ecology Bureau">Environment and Ecology Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Department" title="Environmental Protection Department">Environmental Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Conservation_Department" title="Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department">Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Environmental_Hygiene_Department" title="Food and Environmental Hygiene Department">Food and Environmental Hygiene Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a></li> <li>Government Laboratory</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Health Bureau (Hong Kong)">Health Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_and_Youth_Affairs_Bureau" title="Home and Youth Affairs Bureau">Home and Youth Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Department" title="Home Affairs Department">Home Affairs Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Services_Department" title="Information Services Department">Information Services Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Welfare_Bureau" title="Labour and Welfare Bureau">Labour and Welfare Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Welfare_Department" title="Social Welfare Department">Social Welfare Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Hong Kong Fire Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correctional Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs and Excise Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Flying_Service" title="Government Flying Service">Government Flying Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aid_Service" title="Civil Aid Service">Civil Aid Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Medical_Service" title="Auxiliary Medical Service">Auxiliary Medical Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_and_Logistics_Bureau" title="Transport and Logistics Bureau">Transport and Logistics Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Department" title="Transport Department">Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)">Civil Aviation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_Department" title="Highways Department">Highways Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Marine Department (Hong Kong)">Marine Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Bureau" title="Housing Bureau">Housing Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Department" title="Housing Department">Housing Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Intellectual Property Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invest_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Invest Hong Kong">Invest Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Communications_Authority" title="Office of the Communications Authority">Office of the Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong_Post" title="Hongkong Post">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry Department</a></li> <li>Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bureau" title="Development Bureau">Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Services_Department" title="Architectural Services Department">Architectural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_Department" title="Buildings Department">Buildings Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_and_Development_Department" title="Civil Engineering and Development Department">Civil Engineering and Development Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_Services_Department" title="Drainage Services Department">Drainage Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_and_Mechanical_Services_Department" title="Electrical and Mechanical Services Department">Electrical and Mechanical Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Lands Department">Lands Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" title="Land Registry (Hong Kong)">Land Registry</a></li> <li>Planning Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Supplies_Department" title="Water Supplies Department">Water Supplies Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_and_the_Treasury_Bureau" title="Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau">Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Registry (Hong Kong)">Companies Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Logistics_Department" title="Government Logistics Department">Government Logistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Property_Agency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Government Property Agency (Hong Kong)">Government Property Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)">Inland Revenue Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Receiver%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Receiver's Office">Official Receiver's Office</a></li> <li>Rating and Valuation Department</li> <li>Treasury</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innovation,_Technology_and_Industry_Bureau" title="Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau">Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Office" title="Efficiency Office">Efficiency Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government Chief Information Officer">Office of the Government Chief Information Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_and_Technology_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation and Technology Commission">Innovation and Technology Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Hong Kong Civil Service</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="Administrative Officer (Hong Kong)">Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Appointments_System" title="Political Appointments System">Political Appointments System</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leung" title="Andrew Leung">Andrew Leung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">List of Members of the Legislative Council</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Political camps:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cheung" title="Andrew Cheung">Andrew Cheung</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="High Court of Hong Kong">High Court</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_the_High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong">Chief Judge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Poon_Shiu-chor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Poon Shiu-chor">Jeremy Poon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Appeal</a> <ul><li>President of the Court of Appeal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_First_Instance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)">Court of First Instance</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Court (Hong Kong)">District Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief District Judge: Justin Ko</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates' Court (Hong Kong)">Magistrates' Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak</li></ul> <p>Special courts and tribunals: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Coroner’s_Court" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Coroner’s Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Labour_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Labour Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Tribunal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lands Tribunal (Hong Kong)">Lands Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Misconduct_Tribunal" title="Market Misconduct Tribunal">Market Misconduct Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Obscene_Articles_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Obscene Articles Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Small_Claims_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Small Claims Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District" title="Central and Western District">Central and Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Eastern District, Hong Kong">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_District" title="Islands District">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_District" title="Kowloon City District">Kowloon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District" title="Kwai Tsing District">Kwai Tsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District" title="Kwun Tong District">Kwun Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_District,_Hong_Kong" title="North District, Hong Kong">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District" title="Sai Kung District">Sai Kung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District" title="Sha Tin District">Sha Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District" title="Sham Shui Po District">Sham Shui Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Southern District, Hong Kong">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District" title="Tai Po District">Tai Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District" title="Tsuen Wan District">Tsuen Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District" title="Tuen Mun District">Tuen Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District" title="Wan Chai District">Wan Chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District" title="Wong Tai Sin District">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District" title="Yau Tsim Mong District">Yau Tsim Mong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District" title="Yuen Long District">Yuen Long</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">Area committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Affairs_Commission" title="Electoral Affairs Commission">Electoral Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li></ul> <p>Chief Executive Elections </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_elections" title="Hong Kong legislative elections">Legislative elections</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">Geographical Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">Functional Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">Election Committee Constituency</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="Hong Kong local elections">District council elections</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of constituencies of Hong Kong">List of constituencies of Hong Kong</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Universal suffrage</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">Documents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">HKSAR Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">BNO Passport</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Consular missions in Hong Kong</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Hong Kong–Philippines relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Hong Kong–Singapore relations">Hong Kong–Singapore relations</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong#Relations_with_Mainland_China" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong–China relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing">Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic,_Trade_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal; border:1px solid #8C0046;"> <b>Related topics</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li></ul></div> <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></b></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_China" title="Category:Conservatism in China">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff"> Neoauthoritarianism<br />in China</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/80px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/120px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/160px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party-state_capitalism" title="Party-state capitalism">Party-state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism#China" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism#China" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism#China" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultraconservatism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Culture of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism#People's_Republic_of_China" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmentalism" title="Developmentalism">Developmentalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Honors_and_Eight_Shames" title="Eight Honors and Eight Shames">Eight Honors and Eight Shames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Modernizations" title="Four Modernizations">Four Modernizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">Irredentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism (Marxism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretic politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Stricts_and_Three_Honests" title="Three Stricts and Three Honests">Three Stricts and Three Honests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluan_Fanzheng" title="Boluan Fanzheng">Boluan Fanzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_against_spiritual_pollution" title="Campaign against spiritual pollution">Campaign against spiritual pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_national_security_law" title="Macau national security law">Macau national security law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China">Property Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinicization_of_Tibet" title="Sinicization of Tibet">Sinicization of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_System" title="Social Credit System">Social Credit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Bell" title="Daniel A. Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Yang" title="Gan Yang">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Xijin" title="Hu Xijin">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing_(Confucian)" title="Jiang Qing (Confucian)">Jiang (Qing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Shigong" title="Jiang Shigong">Jiang (Shigong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Canrong" title="Jin Canrong">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_X._Li" title="Eric X. Li">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_Yiu-chung" title="Tam Yiu-chung">Tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Sitong" title="Tan Sitong">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jiaxiang" title="Wu Jiaxiang">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Gongqin" title="Xiao Gongqin">Xiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Xuetong" title="Yan Xuetong">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Weiwei_(professor)" title="Zhang Weiwei (professor)">Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yongnian" title="Zheng Yongnian">Zheng</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Mainland China</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Kuiyuan" title="Chen Kuiyuan">Chen (Kuiyuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen (Yun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li (Peng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li (Xiannian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang (Huning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang (Qishan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Yongkang" title="Zhou Yongkang">Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Chan" title="Gary Chan">Chan (Gary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joephy_Chan" title="Joephy Chan">Chan (Joephy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Fok" title="Kenneth Fok">Fok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_Ho" title="Junius Ho">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ip_Kwok-him" title="Ip Kwok-him">Ip (Kwok-him)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Ip (Regina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwok_Wai-keung" title="Kwok Wai-keung">Kwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Lee" title="Dominic Lee">Lee (Dominic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">Lee (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starry_Lee" title="Starry Lee">Lee (Starry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Liao" title="Martin Liao">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Quat" title="Elizabeth Quat">Quat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Tsang (Donald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsang_Yok-sing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsang Yok-sing">Tsang (Yok-sing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Yung" title="Eunice Yung">Yung</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Macau (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Chui" title="Fernando Chui">Chui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ho" title="Edmund Ho">Ho (Edmund)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat_Seng" title="Ho Iat Seng">Ho (Iat Seng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hou_Fai" title="Sam Hou Fai">Sam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_An-lo" title="Chang An-lo">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chou_Ching-chun" title="Chou Ching-chun">Chou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiu_Yi" title="Chiu Yi">Chiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_Hsiu-chu" title="Hung Hsiu-chu">Hung</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Extant parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Mainland China</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (factions)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Force" title="Civil Force">Civil Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Public_Housing_Estates" title="Federation of Public Housing Estates">Federation of Public Housing Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Education_Workers" title="Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers">Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_New_Dynamic" title="Kowloon West New Dynamic">Kowloon West New Dynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Forum" title="New Century Forum">New Century Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party" title="New People's Party">New People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong">New Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Territories_Association_of_Societies" title="New Territories Association of Societies">New Territories Association of Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politihk_Social_Strategic" title="Politihk Social Strategic">Politihk Social Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)">Roundtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Majority_for_Hong_Kong" title="Silent Majority for Hong Kong">Silent Majority</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Macau (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Change_(Macau)" title="Alliance for Change (Macau)">Alliance for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau-Guangdong_Union" title="Macau-Guangdong Union">Macau-Guangdong Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Macau_Development_Union" title="New Macau Development Union">New Macau Development Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_United_Citizens_Association" title="Macau United Citizens Association">United Citizens Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Development" title="Union for Development">Union for Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_General_Association_of_Macau" title="Women's General Association of Macau">Women's Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Unification_Promotion_Party" title="Chinese Unification Promotion Party">Chinese Unification Promotion Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Public_Good_Party" title="For Public Good Party">For Public Good Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Taiwan)" title="Labor Party (Taiwan)">Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Alliance_Association" title="Patriot Alliance Association">Patriot Alliance Association</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_the_Stability_of_Hong_Kong" title="Federation for the Stability of Hong Kong">Federation for the Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_of_Chinese_and_Expatriates" title="Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates">Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">Hong Kong Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong">Liberal Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hong_Kong_Alliance" title="New Hong Kong Alliance">New Hong Kong Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Forum" title="Professional Forum">Professional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Hong_Kong_Society" title="Progressive Hong Kong Society">Progressive Hong Kong Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>Pro-Beijing camp <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Taiwan" title="United front in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/America_Against_America" title="America Against America">America Against America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_to_Revolution" title="Farewell to Revolution">Farewell to Revolution</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_89" title="Group of 89">Group of 89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)#Chinese_government_connections" title="Triad (organized crime)">Triad § Chinese government connections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Mainland China</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Daily" title="Beijing Daily">Beijing Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guancha" title="Guancha">Guancha</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Headline_Daily" title="Headline Daily">Headline Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_Times" title="Hong Kong Economic Times">Hong Kong Economic Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Daily_News" title="Oriental Daily News">Oriental Daily News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Tao_Daily" title="Sing Tao Daily">Sing Tao Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">The Standard</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Conservatism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_socialism" title="Bourgeois socialism">Conservative socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia#China" title="Fascism in Asia">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt#China" title="Carl Schmitt">Carl Schmitt Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_mainland_China" title="Anti-American sentiment in mainland China">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anti-bourgeois_liberalization" title="Anti-bourgeois liberalization">Anti-bourgeois liberalization</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Anti-Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_China" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in China">Anti-Japanese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Taiwanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Taiwanese sentiment">Anti-Taiwanese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tibetan_sentiment" title="Anti-Tibetan sentiment">Anti-Tibetan sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadian_Conservative_Association" title="Chinese Canadian Conservative Association">Chinese Canadian Conservative Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#China" title="Conservatism">Conservatism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Macau" title="Economy of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan,_PRC" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan, PRC">Taiwan, PRC</a> (claimed)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neoauthoritarianism_in_China" title="Template:Neoauthoritarianism in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neoauthoritarianism_in_China" title="Template talk:Neoauthoritarianism in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neoauthoritarianism_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neoauthoritarianism in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>pro-Beijing camp</b>, <b>pro-establishment camp</b> or <b>pro-China camp</b> is a political alignment in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> which generally supports the policies of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">Beijing central government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) towards Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliza_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliza-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "pro-establishment camp" is regularly in use to label the broader segment of the Hong Kong political arena which has the closer relationship with <a href="/wiki/The_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="The establishment">the establishment</a>, namely the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a> (HKSAR).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pro-Beijing politicians are labeled "patriots" by pro-Beijing media and "loyalists" by the rival <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">pro-democracy camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-Beijing camp evolved from Hong Kong's pro-CCP faction, often called "leftists", which acted under the direction of the CCP. It launched the <a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a> against <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colonial rule in Hong Kong</a> and had a long rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-ROC camp (Hong Kong)">pro-Kuomintang bloc</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a> was signed in 1984, affirming Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong from 1997, the traditional leftists realigned itself and unofficially formed a loose "<a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">United Front</a>" with the conservative pro-business elites to counter the emergence of the pro-democracy camp in the 1990s and ensure a smooth transition of the Hong Kong sovereignty in Beijing's interest. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handover</a> in 1997, the pro-Beijing camp has become the major supporting force of the Hong Kong government and maintained control of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a> (LegCo), having the advantage of indirectly elected <a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">functional constituencies</a>. Going into the 2010s, the pro-Beijing camp underwent a period of diversification in which different parties emerged and targeted different voters which resulted in steady increases of the support. With various positions on specific issues, the camp generally embraces <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">conservative</a> values politically and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalistic</a> and patriotic sentiments. However, the unpopular <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SAR</a> administrations and opposition to Beijing's policies toward Hong Kong have also caused the camp major losses in the <a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019</a> elections. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "pro-Beijing camp" refers to the political alignment which supports the policies of the Beijing, where the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">Government of the People's Republic of China</a> is. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Therefore, "pro-Beijing camp" is sometimes referred to as "pro-China camp".</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="(June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The faction in the pro-Beijing camp which evolved from the "traditional leftists" was also known as the "pro-communists" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">親共人士</span></span>), while the business elites and professionals who were appointed by the <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">colonial government</a> before 1997 were called the "pro-government camp". In the 1990s when the traditional leftists and business elites unofficially formed the loose "<a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">United Front</a>" towards the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handover</a> in 1997, "pro-Beijing camp" has become a broader term for the whole segment. The term "pro-government camp" has also been used to describe the same segment which support the SAR government. During the unpopular administration of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a>, the hardcore pro-government parties, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong</a> (DAB), were labelled "loyalists" by the <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy camp">pro-democracy camp</a>. In recent years, a more neutral term "pro-establishment camp" is regularly in use, especially in Chinese media. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Conservatism in Hong Kong</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg/220px-%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg/330px-%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg/440px-%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Pro-China rally during <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The pro-Beijing camp members are united by the political ideology of being closer to <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government">Beijing government</a>, as much out of conviction as of pragmatism, but vary on other issues within the context of Hong Kong. Some pro-Beijing factions, including the "traditional leftists" who evolved from their <a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a> conviction in the 1960s and 70s often hold a strong sentiment of patriotism and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a>. They have had a years-long tradition of following the orders of the CCP, many of whom were also alleged underground members of the Communist Party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Amongst pragmatists, especially among the pro-business elites and tycoons who have been absorbed into Beijing's "<a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">United Front</a>", have enjoyed political power and privileges, as well as economic interests, from the present political system and their close ties with the Beijing authorities. Some moderates also hope that in conceding on those issues on which China will not compromise, preserving as much as possible in the way of personal liberties and local autonomy can be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-So_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-So-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rhetoric of the pro-Beijing camp is mostly concerned with patriotism, social stability and economic prosperity. The pro-Beijing camp generally supports <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> in Hong Kong under <a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral reform">Beijing's framework</a>, under which only Beijing-designated "patriots" may govern Hong Kong, although the most conservative faction opposes increased <a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">democratic development in Hong Kong</a> with the introduction of universal suffrage and see in it the creation of instability.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-CCP_leftists">Pro-CCP leftists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pro-CCP leftists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">United front in Hong Kong</a></div> <p>The pro-Beijing camp evolved from the pro-CCP faction in Hong Kong which existed since the establishment of the CCP. The <a href="/wiki/Seamen%27s_strike_of_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamen's strike of 1922">1922 Seamen's strike</a>, led by the Chinese Seamen's Union and the 1925–26 <a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_strike" title="Canton–Hong Kong strike">Canton–Hong Kong strike</a>, led by various left-wing labour unions, were the two major Communist-related labour movements in the <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony of Hong Kong</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation of Hong Kong</a>, the Communist East River guerillas were active in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Loh_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions</a> (FTU), an umbrella trade union for the local left-wing unions, was founded in April 1948. After the Communist victory in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, the local communists (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">土共</span></span>) remained in their semi-underground status. In the early post-war days, the Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_General_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Chinese General Chamber of Commerce">Chinese General Chamber of Commerce</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Chinese_Reform_Association" title="Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association">Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association</a> became the three pillars of the local pro-CCP organs, following the orders of the <a href="/wiki/New_China_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="New China News Agency">New China News Agency</a>, the <i>de facto</i> Communist China's representative in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their rivals were the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Taiwan_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Taiwan camp">pro-Nationalist faction</a>, who pledged allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan government">Nationalist government</a> on Taiwan. The FTU took a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1967_Leftist_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots">Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots</a>, which, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> in the Mainland, aimed at overthrowing the British colonial rule in Hong Kong. The leftists lost their prestige after the riots for a period of time as the general public was against the violence attributed to the leftists, although the presence of the pro-Beijing <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a> elements remained strong in the universities and colleges throughout the 1970s, in which many of the pro-CCP university and college graduates became the backbones of the pro-Beijing camp today.<sup id="cite_ref-Felber_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felber-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dynamics_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynamics-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_period">Transition period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transition period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a> in 1984, the pro-CCP organisations became active again, of which many of them were appointed to various positions relating to the transition of the sovereignty of Hong Kong. The Beijing government also appointed many Hong Kong tycoons and professionals to sit on the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee</a> (BLCC) and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee</a> (BLDC) as the means of forming a <a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">united front</a>. To ensure the post-1997 political system would be dominated by business and professional interests, the Business and Professional Group of the Basic Law Consultative Committee was formed in April 1986 to propose a conservative, less democratic proposal of <a href="/wiki/Group_of_89" title="Group of 89">Group of 89</a> for electing the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a>, in contrast to the more progressive proposal of the <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy camp">pro-democracy activists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several new political parties, including the <a href="/wiki/New_Hong_Kong_Alliance" title="New Hong Kong Alliance">New Hong Kong Alliance</a> (NHKA) founded in 1989 by <a href="/wiki/Lo_Tak-shing" title="Lo Tak-shing">Lo Tak-shing</a> from the conservative wing and the <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong</a> (BPF) founded in 1990 by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lo" title="Vincent Lo">Vincent Lo</a> from the mainstream wing, evolved from the group.<sup id="cite_ref-who_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong">Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong</a> (LDF) consisted of the pro-government elected officeholders in which <a href="/wiki/Maria_Tam" title="Maria Tam">Maria Tam</a> was the key person was also formed in 1990 in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 1991">first direct elections</a> to the Legislative Council in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Chan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</a> sparked pro-democracy sentiments in Hong Kong. The newly formed democratic party, the <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats_of_Hong_Kong" title="United Democrats of Hong Kong">United Democrats of Hong Kong</a>, enjoyed landslide victories in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_district_boards_election,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong district boards election, 1991">District Boards election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_urban_council_and_regional_council_elections,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong urban council and regional council elections, 1991">Urban and Regional Council election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 1991">Legislative Council election</a> in 1991. To counter the pro-democracy influence in the legislature, the British-appointed <a href="/wiki/Unofficial_member" class="mw-redirect" title="Unofficial member">unofficial members</a> of the Legislative Council launched the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Resources_Centre" title="Co-operative Resources Centre">Co-operative Resources Centre</a> (CRC) in 1991 which transformed into the pro-business conservative <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> in 1993, becoming the arch rival of the United Democrats. In 1992, the traditional leftists also formed the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong</a> (DAB) under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Report_1993_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report_1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, a group of businessmen and professionals founded the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">Hong Kong Progressive Alliance</a> (HKPA) under the direction of the New China News Agency.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1994_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="1994 Hong Kong electoral reform">large-scale democratisation</a> initiated by then Governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a> resulted in the deterioration of <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-British relations">Sino-British relations</a> and led to the emergence of an "unholy alliance" of pro-Beijing businesspeople and leftist loyalists versus the pro-democratic popular alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberal Party led by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Lee" title="Allen Lee">Allen Lee</a> launched a campaign attempting to defeat Patten's proposal which was backed by Beijing despite its eventual failure. Despite this, in the broadened franchise, the pro-Beijing camp was again defeated by the pro-democracy camp in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 1995">1995 Legislative Council election</a>. The Beijing government argued that the electoral reform introduced by Patten had violated the Joint Declaration, and thus they would scrap the reforms upon resumption of sovereignty. In preparation, a parallel legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Legislative_Council" title="Provisional Legislative Council">Provisional Legislative Council</a>, was set up in 1996 under the control of pro-Beijing camp, and it introduced as the Legislative Council upon the founding of the new SAR government in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_post-handover_years">Early post-handover years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early post-handover years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1997, the pro-Beijing camp has never lost a majority in LegCo, controlling LegCo through a collaboration of the pro-Beijing groups with their support within the <a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">functional constituencies</a>. In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a> formed a governing alliance with the DAB and Liberal Party, the two largest pro-Beijing parties in the legislature, by inviting the two chairmen, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tsang" title="Jasper Tsang">Jasper Tsang</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Tien_(politician)" title="James Tien (politician)">James Tien</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July 2003, a peaceful crowd of more than 500,000 protested against the introduction of controversial legislation under <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23 of the Basic Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Tien, chairman of the Liberal Party and member of the Executive Council, forced the government to delay the second reading of the bill. The stance of the DAB on Article 23 and their blind support for the Tung Chee-hwa's administration were strongly criticised and led to their losses in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_district_councils_election,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong district councils election, 2003">District Council election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-apple_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, veteran civil servant <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a> succeeded the unpopular Tung Chee-hwa stepped down as Chief Executive in Beijing's direction. The pro-government camp supported the Tsang government, even though some traditional leftists questioned Tsang's background in the colonial civil service. After the setbacks in 2003, the pro-Beijing camp won back seats lost in 2003 in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_district_councils_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong district councils election, 2007">2007 District Council election</a>, in which the DAB became the largest victor.<sup id="cite_ref-defeat_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defeat-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DAB enjoyed another victory in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_district_councils_election,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong district councils election, 2011">2011 District Council election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2012">Hong Kong legislative election, 2012</a>, the pro-Beijing camp won more than half of the geographical constituency seats respectively in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island_(constituency)" title="Hong Kong Island (constituency)">Hong Kong Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon West (1998 constituency)">Kowloon West</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Territories_West_(constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Territories West (constituency)">New Territories West</a>, narrowing the number of seats held in the geographical constituencies between pro-Beijing and pro-democrats to 17 seats and 18 seats respectively. The pro-Beijing camp retained control of the Legislative Council and the DAB remained the largest party with 13 seats in total.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 2000s, the pro-Beijing camp has expanded its spectrum of support from pro-business elites and traditional leftists to those from a broader background. The former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Security" title="Secretary for Security">Secretary for Security</a> <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a>, who was in charge of introducing the Basic Law Article 23 stood in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island_by-election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Island by-election, 2007">Hong Kong Island by-election in 2007</a> against the former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Anson_Chan" title="Anson Chan">Anson Chan</a> supported by the pro-democrats. Despite her defeat, she was able to be elected in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2008">2008 Legislative Council election</a>, and formed the middle class and professional oriented <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="New People's Party (Hong Kong)">New People's Party</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pro-Beijing legal professionals who ran as independents, such as <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Leung" title="Priscilla Leung">Priscilla Leung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tse" title="Paul Tse">Paul Tse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junius_Ho" title="Junius Ho">Junius Ho</a> were elected to the Legislative Council in recent elections, which were seen receiving support from the <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_of_the_Central_People%27s_Government_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Liaison Office</a>, which was viewed growing influence in Hong Kong's domestic affairs. On the other hand, the FTU, which operated as the sister organisation of the DAB, began to run under its own banner, taking a more pro-labour and pro-grassroots stance as compared to the DAB's big-tent position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_Chief_Executive_election_and_aftermath">2012 Chief Executive election and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2012 Chief Executive election and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two pro-Beijing candidates ran for the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Chief Executive election, 2012">Chief Executive election in 2012</a>, with the Chief Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tang" title="Henry Tang">Henry Tang</a> and the Convenor of the Executive Council, <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a> using scandals, dirty tactics and smears on each other. With fierce competition deeply dividing the pro-Beijing camp into the Tang camp and the Leung camp, Leung eventually won the election with the support of the Liaison Office. After the election, Beijing called for a reconciliation of the two camps. </p><p>In late 2012, some pro-Leung advocacy groups with the allegations of Beijing's financial supports began to emerge such as <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Loving_Hong_Kong" title="Voice of Loving Hong Kong">Voice of Loving Hong Kong</a>, Caring Hong Kong Power and Hong Kong Youth Care Association, which launched counter-protests against the pan-democrats. The Leung Chun-ying administration with its hardline stance on the growing movement for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Hong Kong independence</a> after the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella Revolution">Umbrella Revolution</a> was strongly criticised by the pro-democrats and some pro-Beijing moderates. James Tien, a keen supporter of Henry Tang in 2012 became a leading critic of Leung. He was stripped from his <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> (CPPCC) office during the 2014 protests after he asked Leung to step down.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 2015">2015 District Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2016">2016 Legislative Council</a> elections, the pro-democrats and localists scored better-than expected victories over the pro-Beijing camp. In December 2016, Leung Chun-ying announced he would not seek re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-stepdown_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stepdown-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two top officials, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary for Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Secretary of Hong Kong">Financial Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tsang" title="John Tsang">John Tsang</a> emerged as front runners in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Chief Executive election, 2017">2017 Chief Executive election</a> after Leung's announcement. Both resigned from their posts; while Lam's resignation was approved by the central government within days, Tsang's resignation was delayed for a month, which sparked the speculation that Tsang was not Beijing's favoured candidate. With the active lobbying by the Liaison Office, Lam received 580 nominations from the 1,194-member <a href="/wiki/Election_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Election Committee">Election Committee</a>, while Tsang struggled to get enough nominations from the pro-Beijing electors and had to rely on the pro-democracy camp. Lam went on to win the election with 777 votes, beating Tsang's 365 votes and retired judge <a href="/wiki/Woo_Kwok-hing" title="Woo Kwok-hing">Woo Kwok-hing</a>'s 21 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-Beijing camp formed a united front in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_by-election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong by-election, 2018">2018 Legislative Council by-election</a>. It took two of the four vacancies left by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_oath-taking_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy">2016 Legislative Council oath-taking controversy</a>, by taking the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon West (1998 constituency)">Kowloon West</a> geographical constituency and <a href="/wiki/Architectural,_Surveying,_Planning_and_Landscape_(constituency)" title="Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency)">Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape</a> functional constituency from the pro-democrats and localists. <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cheng_(DAB_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Cheng (DAB politician)">Vincent Cheng</a> of the DAB narrowly defeated <a href="/wiki/Yiu_Chung-yim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiu Chung-yim">Yiu Chung-yim</a> who was disqualified from the Legislative Council in the oath-taking controversy, becoming the first pro-Beijing candidate to win in a <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member district</a> election since the handover.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convenor">Convenor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Convenor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Convenor of the pro-Beijing camp is also known as the "class monitor" by the local media. The convenor usually speaks on behalf of the camp, co-ordinates the camp on communication and voting (similar to whipping),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and draws up the duty roster to avoid quorum not met. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="7th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">7th Legislative Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Liao" title="Martin Liao">Martin Liao</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">6th Legislative Council</a>: Martin Liao<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">5th Legislative Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ip_Kwok-him" title="Ip Kwok-him">Ip Kwok-him</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (gave up power after chaotic voting on <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2014–2015 Hong Kong electoral reform">electoral reform</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>5th Legislative Council and before: <a href="/wiki/Tam_Yiu-chung" title="Tam Yiu-chung">Tam Yiu-chung</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size:x-small; overflow:auto"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions"><b>FTU</b></a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Education_Workers" title="Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers"><b>FEW</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Labour_Unions" title="Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions"><b>FLU</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Hong_Kong_Society" title="Progressive Hong Kong Society">PHKS</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong">LDF</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Group_of_89" title="Group of 89">G89</a> (Split into <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong">BPF</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hong_Kong_Alliance" title="New Hong Kong Alliance">NHKA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong">LDF</a>)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_the_Stability_of_Hong_Kong" title="Federation for the Stability of Hong Kong">FSHK</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">HKPA</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong">LDF</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">HKPA</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/New_Hong_Kong_Alliance" title="New Hong Kong Alliance">NHKA</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">HKPA</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Federation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong"><b>BPF</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Resources_Centre" title="Co-operative Resources Centre">CRC</a> (Succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakfast Group">Breakfast</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">BPA</a>)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong"><b>DAB</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)"><b>Liberal</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">HKPA</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">DAB</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Forum" title="New Century Forum"><b>NCF</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Forum" title="Professional Forum">Alliance</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">BPA</a>)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Synergy" title="Economic Synergy">ES</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">BPA</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Forum" title="Professional Forum">PF</a> (Merged into <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">BPA</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_New_Dynamic" title="Kowloon West New Dynamic"><b>KWND</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="New People's Party (Hong Kong)"><b>NPP</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power"><b>PP</b></a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong"><b>BPA</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)"><b>Roundtable</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong"><b>NPHK</b></a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-labour</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-labour</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-labour</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-middle-class</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-middle-class</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-middle-class</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-business</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-business</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Pro-business</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>District-based</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>District-based</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_drifter" title="Hong Kong drifter">New HKers</a></i></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (DAB) is the largest pro-Beijing party founded by a group of traditional leftists in 1992 with sustainable grassroots support. However, it has gradually leaned to a more pro-<a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle-class</a> position since its merger with the pro-business <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">Hong Kong Progressive Alliance</a> (HKPA) in 2005 and more young professionals take place in the party leadership.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a> (FTU) is the traditional leftist labour union which co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">DAB</a> in 1992. It positions itself with a <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">pro-labour</a> and patriotic agenda and has been separated from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">DAB</a> and actively participated in elections under its own banner in recent years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong</a> (BPA) is the leading party for the pro-business sector in the Legislative Council. Formed by <a href="/wiki/Economic_Synergy" title="Economic Synergy">Economic Synergy</a>, a breakaway group from the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Professional_Forum" title="Professional Forum">Professional Forum</a>, a parliamentary group with <a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">functional constituency</a> legislators, it was established in 2012 and has become the second-largest force in the legislature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="New People's Party (Hong Kong)">New People's Party</a> (NPP) is a party founded by <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a> who caters at middle class and civil servant interests.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> is the pro-business party formed in 1993 by a group of legislators who had been appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Hong_Kong" title="Governor of Hong Kong">British Governor</a> and functional constituency members. It has a large support from the business sector and adopts an <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberal">economic liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal conservative">liberal conservative</a> ideology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Education_Workers" title="Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers">Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers</a> (FEW) is a <a href="/wiki/Teachers_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachers union">teachers union</a> established in 1975. It is currently the largest teachers union in Hong Kong. Its aim is to "rally teachers to adopt the position of 'loving Hong Kong and the Motherland'", as part of China's <a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">united front work</a> in Hong Kong's educational sector.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Labour_Unions" title="Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions">Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions</a> (FLU) is a labour union which has a seat in the legislature through the <a href="/wiki/Labour_(constituency)" title="Labour (constituency)">Labour functional constituency</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)">Roundtable</a> is a political organisation founded in 2017 by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tien" title="Michael Tien">Michael Tien</a> after he quit the <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="New People's Party (Hong Kong)">New People's Party</a>. The organization was founded after Tien complained that the <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="New People's Party (Hong Kong)">New People's Party</a> was becoming too close to Beijing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power">Professional Power</a> (PP) is a political group based in <a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District" title="Sai Kung District">Sai Kung District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. The group is formed and led by <a href="/wiki/Christine_Fong" title="Christine Fong">Christine Fong</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a>. The group markets itself as <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanship" title="Nonpartisanship">nonpartisan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_New_Dynamic" title="Kowloon West New Dynamic">Kowloon West New Dynamic</a> (KWND) is a district-based <a href="/wiki/Political_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Political group">political group</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. It was founded by a group of local politicians in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a> on 16 March 2008. The main focus of party is to improve quality of life in the districts within the area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong">New Prospect for Hong Kong</a> (NPHK) is a political group established in October 2019 consisting mainly of mainland Chinese living in Hong Kong, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_drifter" title="Hong Kong drifter">gang piao</a>" in Mandarin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Forum" title="New Century Forum">New Century Forum</a> (NCF) is a political group and think tank founded in 1999 which dedicates to middle class interests. The only representative of the group in the Legislative Council is convenor <a href="/wiki/Ma_Fung-kwok" title="Ma Fung-kwok">Ma Fung-kwok</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advocacy_groups">Advocacy groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Advocacy groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the election of <a href="/wiki/CY_Leung" class="mw-redirect" title="CY Leung">CY Leung</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive of Hong Kong</a>, public discontent manifested itself in the form of mass petitions, rallies and demonstrations, so much so that it seemed that a plurality of the Hong Kong public was anti-Leung. In late 2012 pro-Leung <a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">advocacy groups</a> began to emerge such as <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Loving_Hong_Kong" title="Voice of Loving Hong Kong">Voice of Loving Hong Kong</a>, Caring Hong Kong Power and Hong Kong Youth Care Association, the fact that all these groups feature the Chinese character for love in the names has led to these groups to be called the "love Hong Kong faction" (<span lang="zh-Hant">愛字派</span>; 'love character faction'). The word love in this context is taken from the lexicon of political debate in mainland China, were the slogan "Love China, Love the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Party</a>", is seen as the basis of patriotism, and the demand that any future Chief Executive of Hong Kong must "Love China, Love Hong Kong" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">愛國愛港</span></span>). </p><p>These supposedly grassroots organisations present themselves as being a spontaneous reaction to the excesses of the pan-democracy camp, as Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">silent majority</a> who wish for a prosperous, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Harmonious_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Harmonious Society">harmonious society</a> and who reject the "social violence" of the pan-democrats. Describing themselves as apolitical and independent of outside powers, these groups use various tactics to counter the pan-democrats, including counter rallies and marches in opposition to pan-democrat ones, counter petitions, and making accusations of campaign fund fraud and irregularities against pan-democrat politicians to the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also make use of mass heckling at pan-democracy forums to silence debate.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside commentators suspect that these groups are orchestrated by China's <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_of_the_Central_People%27s_Government_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Liaison Office in Hong Kong</a> pointing to a use of language that parrots Beijing's and an antipathy to <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a> which mirrors Beijing's own political line. Whether directly or not these organisations have received support from Beijing through the <a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a>, with employees of Chinese companies based in Hong Kong, being asked to sign petitions and attend rallies, and members of <a href="/wiki/Hometown_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Hometown society">hometown societies</a> being paid to do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 Hong Kong protests</a>, on mid-October 2014, the "love Hong Kong faction" took to wearing a <a href="/wiki/Blue_ribbon" title="Blue ribbon">blue ribbon</a> as a counter to the protesters yellow one. It is alleged that it is the "love Hong Kong faction" that has organised counter protests and who attempted to charge through pan-democracy protesters in Causeway Bay. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>, Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance and <a href="/wiki/Politihk_Social_Strategic" title="Politihk Social Strategic">Politihk Social Strategic</a> have organised protests either in support of the government's extradition bill or the Hong Kong Police. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_Triad_involvement">Alleged Triad involvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alleged Triad involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Chief Executive election, 2012">2012 Chief Executive election campaign</a>, Leung's campaign officers were seen attending a dinner in <a href="/wiki/Lau_Fau_Shan" title="Lau Fau Shan">Lau Fau Shan</a> with Kwok Wing-hung, nicknamed “Shanghai Boy”, an alleged former leader of the local triad <a href="/wiki/Wo_Shing_Wo" title="Wo Shing Wo">Wo Shing Wo</a>. The content of the meeting remained unknown to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a town hall meeting on 11 August 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Tin_Shui_Wai" title="Tin Shui Wai">Tin Shui Wai</a>, where Leung attended, some thug-like supporters of Leung allegedly provoked and beat up protesters. <a href="/wiki/Leung_Che-cheung" title="Leung Che-cheung">Leung Che-cheung</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories_Association_of_Societies" title="New Territories Association of Societies">New Territories Association of Societies</a> (NTAS) and Legislative Council member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (DAB) who hosted the town hall meeting invited a group of triad-related individuals to a dinner party and called in supporters to support Leung prior to the meeting. Tang Sui-man, also known as "Four Eyes Man", representative of the villagers from Wang Toi Shan Ho Lik Pui Tsuen, Tsang Shu-wo, also known as "Tall Man Wo", chairman of Ping Shan Heung Rural Committee and a number of powerful triad related individuals were called into action. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 Hong Kong protests</a>, the armed anti-Occupy protesters beat up Occupy protesters in the Mong Kok occupation site. The student protesters accused the government and the police of allowing gangs to attack them as there was no uniformed police in the scene during the event. <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a> legislator <a href="/wiki/James_To" title="James To">James To</a> also accused that "the [Hong Kong] government has used organised, orchestrated forces and even triad gangs in [an] attempt to disperse citizens."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Hong Kong protests">2019 Hong Kong protests</a>, a mob of over 100 armed men dressed in white indiscriminately attacked civilians on the streets and passengers in the <a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_station" title="Yuen Long station">Yuen Long MTR station</a> on 21 July<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2019-07-222_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2019-07-222-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cna-2019-07-222_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-2019-07-222-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the elderly, children,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> black-clad protesters,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> journalists and lawmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 45 people were injured in the incident,<sup id="cite_ref-:42_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a pregnant woman.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pro-Beijing legislator <a href="/wiki/Junius_Ho" title="Junius Ho">Junius Ho</a> was seen in various videos posted online greeting the white-clothed group of assailants, shaking their hands and calling the suspected gangsters "heroes", giving them thumbs-up and saying to them "thank you for your hard work." At least one of the white-clothed men who shook hands with Ho has been shown to have been inside Yuen Long Station during the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-free_press_yuen_long2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free_press_yuen_long2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Electoral performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_Executive_elections">Chief Executive elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chief Executive elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Election </th> <th>1st Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>% </th> <th>2nd Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>% </th> <th>3rd Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="1996 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">1996</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>320 </td> <td>80.40 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Ti-liang" title="Yang Ti-liang">Yang Ti-liang</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>10.55 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Woo" title="Peter Woo">Peter Woo</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>9.05 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2002 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2002</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2"><i>Uncontested</i> </td> <th colspan="10"> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2005 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2005</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2"><i>Uncontested</i> </td> <th colspan="10"> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2007 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2007</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>649 </td> <td>84.07 </td> <th colspan="10"> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2012</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a></span></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>689 </td> <td>66.81 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Tang" title="Henry Tang">Henry Tang</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>285 </td> <td>27.14 </td> <th colspan="6"> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2017</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>777 </td> <td>65.62 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/John_Tsang" title="John Tsang">John Tsang</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>365 </td> <td>31.38 </td> <th colspan="6"> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2022</a> </th> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee</a></b></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C0C0C0;" data-sort-value="Nonpartisan politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan politician">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>1,416</td> <td>99.44 </td> <th colspan="10"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Council_elections">Legislative Council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legislative Council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th><b>Election</b> </th> <th>Number of<br />popular votes </th> <th>% of<br />popular votes </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">GC</a><br />seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">FC</a><br />seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">EC</a><br />seats </th> <th>Total seats </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 1998">1998</a> </th> <td>449,668<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>30.38<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>10 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">40 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2000">2000</a> </th> <td>461,048<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>34.94<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>0<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2004">2004</a> </th> <td>661,972<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>37.40<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>23 </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">35 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>4<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2008">2008</a> </th> <td>602,468<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>39.75<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>26 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2012">2012</a> </th> <td>772,487<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>42.66<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>17 </td> <td>26 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">43 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>6<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong legislative election, 2016">2016</a> </th> <td>871,016<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>40.17<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>24 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">40 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">2021</a> </th> <td>1,232,555<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>93.15<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>40 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">89 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 99%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>49<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_Council_elections">District Council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: District Council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Election </th> <th>Number of<br />popular votes </th> <th>% of<br />popular votes </th> <th>Total<br />elected seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 1999">1999</a> </th> <td>443,441<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>54.69<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">232 / 390</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>22<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 2003">2003</a> </th> <td>489,889<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>46.48<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">201 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>28<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 2007">2007</a> </th> <td>614,621<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>53.98<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">273 / 405</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>61<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 2011">2011</a> </th> <td>654,368<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>55.42<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">301 / 412</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 73%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>23<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong local elections, 2015">2015</a> </th> <td>788,389<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>54.61<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">298 / 431</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>6<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019</a> </th> <td>1,233,030<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>42.06<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 452</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>242<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2023 Hong Kong local elections">2023</a> </th> <td>1,169,030<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>99.82<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">469 / 470</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: red; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>407<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="United Front in Hong Kong">United Front in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Conservatism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">Socialism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">Triad (organized crime)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office (Hong Kong)">Liaison Office (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)">Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate groups">Moderate groups</a> (Hong Kong)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMa2007" class="citation book cs1">Ma, Ngok (2007). <i>Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society</i>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Development+in+Hong+Kong%3A+State%2C+Political+Society%2C+and+Civil+Society&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Ngok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eliza-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eliza_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Eliza Wing-Yee (2011). <i>Gender and Change in Hong Kong: Globalization, Postcolonialism, and Chinese Patriarchy</i>. UBC Press. p. 71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+and+Change+in+Hong+Kong%3A+Globalization%2C+Postcolonialism%2C+and+Chinese+Patriarchy&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Eliza+Wing-Yee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.takungpao.com/hkol/politics/2014-01/2175207.html">"为"反对派"正名之"疑惑篇"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Ta Kung Pao</i>. 13 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002703/http://news.takungpao.com/hkol/politics/2014-01/2175207.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ta+Kung+Pao&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%BA%22%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%B4%BE%22%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%8B%22%E7%96%91%E6%83%91%E7%AF%87%22&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.takungpao.com%2Fhkol%2Fpolitics%2F2014-01%2F2175207.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackler2006" class="citation book cs1">Hackler, Darrene L. (2006). <i>Crisis and Transformation in China's Hong Kong</i>. M.E. 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Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607440705">607440705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong%27s+Embattled+Democracy%3A+A+Societal+Analysis&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607440705&rft.aulast=So&rft.aufirst=Alvin+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesRoberts1990" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Stephen; Roberts, Elfed (1990). <i>Political Dictionary for Hong Kong</i>. 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Hong Kong University Press. pp. 48–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789882205697" title="Special:BookSources/9789882205697"><bdi>9789882205697</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/995322556">995322556</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626001038/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1528/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hong Kong University Press. pp. 160–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789882205697" title="Special:BookSources/9789882205697"><bdi>9789882205697</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/995322556">995322556</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626001038/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1528/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underground+Front%3A+The+Chinese+Communist+Party+in+Hong+Kong&rft.pages=160-164&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F995322556&rft.isbn=9789882205697&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F1528%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-who_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpf.org.hk/articles/?do=list&catalog_id=1049">"Who is BPF?"</a>. <i>The Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051115/http://www.bpf.org.hk/articles/?do=list&catalog_id=1049">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Business+and+Professionals+Federation+of+Hong+Kong&rft.atitle=Who+is+BPF%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpf.org.hk%2Farticles%2F%3Fdo%3Dlist%26catalog_id%3D1049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chan_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan1997" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Ming K. (1997). <i>The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration with China: Modern Diasporic Femininity</i>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Hong+Kong%27s+Reintegration+with+China%3A+Modern+Diasporic+Femininity&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Ming+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report_1993-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Report_1993_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChengBrosseau1993" class="citation book cs1">Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek; Brosseau, Maurice (1993). <i>China Review 1993</i>. Chinese University Press. p. 10.8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Review+1993&rft.pages=10.8&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Yu-shek&rft.au=Brosseau%2C+Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoh2010" class="citation book cs1">Loh, Christine (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1528/"><i>Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789882205697" title="Special:BookSources/9789882205697"><bdi>9789882205697</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/995322556">995322556</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626001038/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1528/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underground+Front%3A+The+Chinese+Communist+Party+in+Hong+Kong&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F995322556&rft.isbn=9789882205697&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F1528%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan1997" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Ming K. (1997). <i>The Challenge of the Reintegration with China</i>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+the+Reintegration+with+China&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Ming+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsh2003" class="citation book cs1">Ash, Robert (2003). <i>Hong Kong in Transition: One Country, Two Systems</i>. Routledge. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+in+Transition%3A+One+Country%2C+Two+Systems&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>South China Morning Post</i>, 2 July 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apple_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/news/20141124/53126626">"【蘋話當年】2003年民建聯區選大敗曾鈺成辭任主席"</a>. <i>Apple Daily</i>. 24 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705145740/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/news/20141124/53126626">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apple+Daily&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E8%98%8B%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%B6%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%912003%E5%B9%B4%E6%B0%91%E5%BB%BA%E8%81%AF%E5%8D%80%E9%81%B8%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%97+%E6%9B%BE%E9%88%BA%E6%88%90%E8%BE%AD%E4%BB%BB%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.apple.nextmedia.com%2Frealtime%2Fnews%2F20141124%2F53126626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-defeat-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-defeat_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/first/20071119/10436013">"民建聯收復失地泛民區選大敗何俊仁：將反思及檢討"</a> (in Chinese). 19 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510121600/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/first/20071119/10436013">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E5%BB%BA%E8%81%AF%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0+%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%80%E9%81%B8%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%97+%E4%BD%95%E4%BF%8A%E4%BB%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%87%E5%8F%8D%E6%80%9D%E5%8F%8A%E6%AA%A2%E8%A8%8E&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.apple.nextmedia.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst%2F20071119%2F10436013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204061654/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/international/pro-beijing-parties-sweep-hong-kong-district-polls/476808">"Pro-Beijing Parties Sweep Hong Kong District Polls"</a>. <i>Jakarta Globe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/international/pro-beijing-parties-sweep-hong-kong-district-polls/476808">the original</a> on 4 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jakarta+Globe&rft.atitle=Pro-Beijing+Parties+Sweep+Hong+Kong+District+Polls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartaglobe.com%2Finternational%2Fpro-beijing-parties-sweep-hong-kong-district-polls%2F476808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1033709/dab-fares-best-taking-13-seats-thanks-vote-splitting-tactic">"DAB fares best taking 13 seats thanks vote splitting tactic"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 11 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913065430/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1033709/dab-fares-best-taking-13-seats-thanks-vote-splitting-tactic">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=DAB+fares+best+taking+13+seats+thanks+vote+splitting+tactic&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Farticle%2F1033709%2Fdab-fares-best-taking-13-seats-thanks-vote-splitting-tactic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYan2011" class="citation news cs1">Yan, Cathy (8 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703667904576071570107656388?mod=googlenews_wsj">"Hong Kong's Ip Launches Political Party"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210141001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703667904576071570107656388?mod=googlenews_wsj">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2011</span>. <q>Joining Ms Ip as deputy chairmen are former Liberal Party member Michael Tien and Louis Shih, former chairman of the pro-democracy organization SynergyNet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+Ip+Launches+Political+Party&rft.date=2011-01-08&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052748703667904576071570107656388%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/englishnews/20141028/news_20141028_56_1049342.htm#">James Tien faces CPPCC expulsion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028185230/http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/englishnews/20141028/news_20141028_56_1049342.htm">Archived</a> 28 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RTHK, 28 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stepdown-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stepdown_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2016" class="citation news cs1">Haas, Benjamin (9 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/09/hong-kong-leader-leung-chun-ying-to-step-down-next-year">"Hong Kong's divisive leader to step down amid political crisis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124143406/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/09/hong-kong-leader-leung-chun-ying-to-step-down-next-year">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+divisive+leader+to+step+down+amid+political+crisis&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fdec%2F09%2Fhong-kong-leader-leung-chun-ying-to-step-down-next-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.gov.hk/ce2017/eng/results.html">"2017 Chief Executive Election Results"</a>. <i>Electoral Affairs Commission</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222523/https://www.elections.gov.hk/ce2017/eng/results.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Affairs+Commission&rft.atitle=2017+Chief+Executive+Election+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.gov.hk%2Fce2017%2Feng%2Fresults.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2136762/pan-democrats-look-set-regain-power-veto-rivals-moves-hong">"Hong Kong democrats to rely on legal appeals after failing to win back Legco veto foothold"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 12 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316142839/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2136762/pan-democrats-look-set-regain-power-veto-rivals-moves-hong">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+democrats+to+rely+on+legal+appeals+after+failing+to+win+back+Legco+veto+foothold&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2136762%2Fpan-democrats-look-set-regain-power-veto-rivals-moves-hong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF陳嘉洛2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">陳嘉洛, 林劍 (21 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/政情/524915/專訪-建制派的局限與矛盾-廖長江-不盲撐政府-但總不能割席">"專訪｜建制派的局限與矛盾廖長江：不盲撐政府但總不能割席"</a>. <i>香港01</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong))<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85%E3%80%91%E3%80%8C%E7%8F%AD%E9%95%B7%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%81%B7%E6%87%B8%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%82+%E9%87%8D%E8%A4%87%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E6%9A%B4%E9%9C%B2%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE%E6%AC%A0%E9%9A%8A%E5%9E%8B&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.au=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%2F11663%2F%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85-%E7%8F%AD%E9%95%B7-%E4%B8%80%E8%81%B7%E6%87%B8%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%82-%E9%87%8D%E8%A4%87%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E6%9A%B4%E9%9C%B2%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE%E6%AC%A0%E9%9A%8A%E5%9E%8B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/englishnews/20140724/news_20140724_56_1024471.htm">"Group files donation complaint to ICAC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></i>. 24 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217193308/http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/englishnews/20140724/news_20140724_56_1024471.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTHK&rft.atitle=Group+files+donation+complaint+to+ICAC&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fnews%2Fenglishnews%2F20140724%2Fnews_20140724_56_1024471.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/elocal/news.htm?elocal&20130407&56&913491">"Hecklers disrupt democracy forum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></i>. 7 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009213555/http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/elocal/news.htm?elocal&20130407&56&913491">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTHK&rft.atitle=Hecklers+disrupt+democracy+forum&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fnews%2Felocal%2Fnews.htm%3Felocal%2620130407%2656%26913491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorodePomfretLim2014" class="citation news cs1">Torode, Greg; Pomfret, james; Lim, Benjamin (4 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2014/07/04/2003594287/2">"The battle for Hong Kong's soul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014155027/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2014/07/04/2003594287/2">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+Hong+Kong%27s+soul&rft.date=2014-07-04&rft.aulast=Torode&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Pomfret%2C+james&rft.au=Lim%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Feditorials%2Farchives%2F2014%2F07%2F04%2F2003594287%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/article/995113/who-asked-mr-kwok-dinner">"Who asked Mr Kwok to dinner?"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 11 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429160131/http://www.scmp.com/article/995113/who-asked-mr-kwok-dinner">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Who+asked+Mr+Kwok+to+dinner%3F&rft.date=2012-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Farticle%2F995113%2Fwho-asked-mr-kwok-dinner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/04/hong-kong-legislator-accuses-government-triads-against-protesters">"Hong Kong legislator says government using triads against protesters"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 4 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208034441/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/04/hong-kong-legislator-accuses-government-triads-against-protesters">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+legislator+says+government+using+triads+against+protesters&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Foct%2F04%2Fhong-kong-legislator-accuses-government-triads-against-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-2019-07-222-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-2019-07-222_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/22/where-were-the-police-hong-kong-outcry-after-masked-thugs-launch-attack">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Where were the police?' Hong Kong outcry after masked thugs launch attack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 22 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722033537/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/22/where-were-the-police-hong-kong-outcry-after-masked-thugs-launch-attack">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Where+were+the+police%3F%27+Hong+Kong+outcry+after+masked+thugs+launch+attack&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjul%2F22%2Fwhere-were-the-police-hong-kong-outcry-after-masked-thugs-launch-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cna-2019-07-222-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cna-2019-07-222_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/hong-kong-yuen-long-mtr-station-masked-men-injured-11741980">"45 injured after mob attack at Hong Kong MTR station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_NewsAsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel NewsAsia">Channel NewsAsia</a>. 22 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723060922/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/hong-kong-yuen-long-mtr-station-masked-men-injured-11741980">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=45+injured+after+mob+attack+at+Hong+Kong+MTR+station&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Fhong-kong-yuen-long-mtr-station-masked-men-injured-11741980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3019669/how-marauding-gang-struck-fear-yuen-long-leaving-pregnant">"How marauding gang dressed in white struck fear into Yuen Long"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. Hong Kong. 23 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723000416/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3019669/how-marauding-gang-struck-fear-yuen-long-leaving-pregnant">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=How+marauding+gang+dressed+in+white+struck+fear+into+Yuen+Long&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3019669%2Fhow-marauding-gang-struck-fear-yuen-long-leaving-pregnant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeungTing2019" class="citation web cs1">Leung, Christy; Ting, Victor (22 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019657/hong-kong-police-chief-defends-officers-arriving-35">"Police chief defends 'late' force response to mob violence in Yuen Long"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. Hong Kong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722201232/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019657/hong-kong-police-chief-defends-officers-arriving-35">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Police+chief+defends+%27late%27+force+response+to+mob+violence+in+Yuen+Long&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Leung&rft.aufirst=Christy&rft.au=Ting%2C+Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Flaw-and-crime%2Farticle%2F3019657%2Fhong-kong-police-chief-defends-officers-arriving-35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2019" class="citation web cs1">Cheng, Kris (22 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/22/just-chaos-bloodshed-hong-kong-district-hundreds-masked-men-assault-protesters-journalists-residents/">"Chaos and bloodshed in Hong Kong district as hundreds of masked men assault protesters, journalists, residents"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press (HKFP)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20190722221221/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/22/just%2Dchaos%2Dbloodshed%2Dhong%2Dkong%2Ddistrict%2Dhundreds%2Dmasked%2Dmen%2Dassault%2Dprotesters%2Djournalists%2Dresidents/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+%28HKFP%29&rft.atitle=Chaos+and+bloodshed+in+Hong+Kong+district+as+hundreds+of+masked+men+assault+protesters%2C+journalists%2C+residents&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Kris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongfp.com%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Fjust-chaos-bloodshed-hong-kong-district-hundreds-masked-men-assault-protesters-journalists-residents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019524/least-10-injured-baton-wielding-mob-suspected-triad">At least 45 injured as rod-wielding mob dressed in white rampages through Yuen Long MTR station, beating screaming protesters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722221837/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019524/least-10-injured-baton-wielding-mob-suspected-triad">Archived</a> 22 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – South China Morning Post</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/article/20190723/s00001/1563890883621/%E3%80%90%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E3%80%91%E7%99%BD%E8%A3%99%E5%A5%B3%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B33%E5%80%8B%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%92%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2-%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80%E6%B1%82%E9%86%AB%E8%AD%89%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89"><bdi lang="zh">【元朗襲擊】白裙女懷孕不足3個月沒通知醫院診所求醫證胎平安 (22:46)</bdi></a>. online "instant news". <i>Ming Pao</i>. Hong Kong: Media Chinese International. 23 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724015415/https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/article/20190723/s00001/1563890883621/%E3%80%90%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E3%80%91%E7%99%BD%E8%A3%99%E5%A5%B3%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B33%E5%80%8B%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%92%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2-%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80%E6%B1%82%E9%86%AB%E8%AD%89%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ming+Pao&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E3%80%91%E7%99%BD%E8%A3%99%E5%A5%B3%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B33%E5%80%8B%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%92%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2+%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80%E6%B1%82%E9%86%AB%E8%AD%89%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89+%2822%3A46%29&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fins%2F%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E8%2581%259E%2Farticle%2F20190723%2Fs00001%2F1563890883621%2F%25E3%2580%2590%25E5%2585%2583%25E6%259C%2597%25E8%25A5%25B2%25E6%2593%258A%25E3%2580%2591%25E7%2599%25BD%25E8%25A3%2599%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E6%2587%25B7%25E5%25AD%2595%25E4%25B8%258D%25E8%25B6%25B33%25E5%2580%258B%25E6%259C%2588%25E6%25B2%2592%25E9%2580%259A%25E7%259F%25A5%25E9%2586%25AB%25E9%2599%25A2-%25E8%25A8%25BA%25E6%2589%2580%25E6%25B1%2582%25E9%2586%25AB%25E8%25AD%2589%25E8%2583%258E%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E5%25AE%2589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20190722/59848508"><bdi lang="zh">【無警時份】何君堯向元朗白衣人鼓掌豎拇指：你哋係我嘅英雄</bdi></a></span>. "real time news" section. <i>Apple Daily</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Hong Kong: Next Digital. 21 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721172526/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20190722/59848508">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apple+Daily&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E7%84%A1%E8%AD%A6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%BD%E3%80%91%E4%BD%95%E5%90%9B%E5%A0%AF%E5%90%91%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E4%BA%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%8E%8C%E8%B1%8E%E6%8B%87%E6%8C%87%EF%BC%9A%E4%BD%A0%E5%93%8B%E4%BF%82%E6%88%91%E5%98%85%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84&rft.date=2019-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.appledaily.com%2Flocal%2Frealtime%2Farticle%2F20190722%2F59848508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-free_press_yuen_long2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-free_press_yuen_long2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2019" class="citation web cs1">Cheng, Kris (22 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/22/just-chaos-bloodshed-hong-kong-district-hundreds-masked-men-assault-protesters-journalists-residents/">"Chaos and bloodshed in Hong Kong district as hundreds of masked men assault protesters, journalists, residents"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20190722221221/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/22/just%2Dchaos%2Dbloodshed%2Dhong%2Dkong%2Ddistrict%2Dhundreds%2Dmasked%2Dmen%2Dassault%2Dprotesters%2Djournalists%2Dresidents/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Chaos+and+bloodshed+in+Hong+Kong+district+as+hundreds+of+masked+men+assault+protesters%2C+journalists%2C+residents&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Kris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongfp.com%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Fjust-chaos-bloodshed-hong-kong-district-hundreds-masked-men-assault-protesters-journalists-residents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-Beijing+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: Most of the nominees and support are pro-democrats.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties in Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_Legislative_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pro-Beijing</a> (89)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party" title="New People's Party">New People's Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Education_Workers" title="Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers">Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Labour_Unions" title="Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions">Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Forum" title="New Century Forum">New Century Forum</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)">Roundtable</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power">Professional Power</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_New_Dynamic" title="Kowloon West New Dynamic">Kowloon West New Dynamic</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong">New Prospect</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaligned (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Side" title="Third Side">Third Side</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_District_Councils" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in <a href="/wiki/District_councils_of_Hong_Kong" title="District councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pro-Beijing_(174)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pro-Beijing</a> (174)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (109)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party" title="New People's Party">New People's Party</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Public_Housing_Estates" title="Federation of Public Housing Estates">Federation of Public Housing Estates</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power">Professional Power</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong">New Prospect for Hong Kong</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Labour_Unions" title="Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions">Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li></ul> 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