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Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases – VEZZOSO – December 2023 OECD discussion | PPT
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class="SearchForm_submit__U8kPR" id="search-submit" data-cy="search-submit"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/search.844a289d.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></span></button></form></div><div class="HeaderActions_root__11_ai undefined"></div></header><div class="SlideshowScreen_root__k9j1_ SlideshowScreen_withKeyMoments__RbHLe"><!--$--><div class="metadata Metadata_root__oCstk" data-cy="metadata"><h1 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h1__3k7S2 title Title_root__svkHQ">Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases – VEZZOSO – December 2023 OECD discussion</h1><div class="stats Stats_root__p_BoZ"><div class="Stats_leftContent__588PR"><time dateTime="2023-12-05 12:19:15 UTC"><span class="skeleton Skeleton_root__U4QqL Skeleton_rounded__BLBq2" 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class="Link_root__vn3ab Author_link___lVxw ellipsis Link_primary__Iq4CI Link_size-large__W0PAv Link_weight-regular__yPpnB" data-cy="author-link" title="OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF">OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs</a><button type="button" class="FollowButton_root__FxpBi Author_follow__Lw4TS FollowButton_follow__d_6u5">Follow</button></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>This presentation by Simonetta VEZZOSO, Associate Professor, Economics Department, University of Trento, was made during the discussion “Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 5 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/rbci. 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Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="264315939"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="Competition and Innovation: Incorporating a More Dynamic Perspective into Enforcement Simonetta Vezzoso, Trento University OECD Meeting of the Competition Committee Paris, 5 December 2023 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases – VEZZOSO – December 2023 OECD discussion" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="INCENTIVES/IMPACT BASED PERSPECTIVES ON INNOVATION: 3 COMMON INSIGHTS There are situations in which innovation is an important dimension of rivalry between companies A long(er)-term perspective is necessary to apprehend innovation A long(er)-term perspective needs to deal with uncertainty " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="INCENTIVES-BASED IMPACT(EFFECTS)-BASED rivalry in the product market driven by product or process innovation companies are competing through own innovation efforts and innovation “management” (e.g., ecosystem) Innovation concerns: reduction or a delay in the introduction of new features of the products Innovation concerns: changes to innovation levels and intensity incentives to innovate capabilities to innovate Future product markets can be identified in a traditional way (demand and supply substituability) No clear outcomes from innovation (e.g., R&D) efforts (e.g., SSNIP test unhelpful) innovation mostly of incremental nature (more static perspective) Innovation mostly of disruptive nature (more dynamic perspective) Uncertainty: products have not yet entered the market or potential outcomes from innovation are not clearly identifiable Uncertainty regarding future outcomes of innovation efforts is very high Theories of harm: profit –cannibalization narrative (analogous to unilateral price effects); traditional foreclosure theories “adapted” – innovation a variable Theories of harm: direct impact on innovation of a behaviour or a transaction (not as a consequence of a reduction in competition) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="ENFORCEMENT " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT CASES DEALING WITH INNOVATION IN A PREDOMINANTY STATIC WAY EU General Electric/Alstom (merger) EU Pfizer/Hospira (merger) US Mallinckrodt (unilateral conduct) US Meta/Within (merger) EU Illumina/Grail (merger) Italy Google/Enel X (unilateral conduct) EU Intel (unilateral conduct) EU Novartis/GlaxoSmithKline (merger) UK/EU Google/Waze (merger) Brazil Bayer/Monsanto (merger) US Bayer/Monsanto (merger) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide7" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-6" alt="EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT CASES DEALING WITH INNOVATION IN A MORE DYNAMIC WAY EU Bayer Monsanto (merger) EU Dow/DuPont (merger) US Halliburton/Baker Hughes (merger) US UnitedHealth Group/Change Healthcare (merger) UK Illumina/Pacific Biosciences (merger) US Plaid/Visa (merger) EU Google Android (unilateral conduct) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-7" alt="MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH TO INNOVATION: CHALLENGES AHEAD Better conceptualize the relevant rivalry between companies as a process of innovation and knowledge creation Develop a better understanding of innovation capabilities: type of technology/knowledge production, specific skills (e.g., AI talent), specialized assets, etc. Better understand Innovation factors beyond capabilities: dynamic patterns, technological trajectories, etc. Better assess the impact of innovation efforts on multiple sectors (e.g., digital) – cross-market Make clear in the law that «market definition» is not necessary/can be done radically differently Better understand innovation processes within ecosystems: production and appropriation mechanisms (both incremental and disruptive innovation) Need to consider concerns on the «quality» of the innovation - not only on innovation levels and intensity (e.g., cooperation with data protection authorities, AI regulators, etc.) Identify the types of evidence that capture the relevant innovation dimensions: portfolios of R&D activities, commercial and licensing agreements with other companies, links to universities, participation to scientific conferences, etc. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-8-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-8-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide9" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-8" alt="VERY PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON HOW TO FACE THE CHALLENGES POSED BY THE MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH TO INNOVATION Competition regulators could facilitate the organisation of symposia, seminars, and workshops that bring together economists (also from non-orthodox economic Schools), management experts, behavioural scientists, and technologists. These gatherings would provide a platform for cross-disciplinary collaboration, offering diverse perspectives, approaches, and knowledge to enhance the understanding of innovation processes within particular industries and sectors, as well as providing new assessment tools and methodologies. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/75/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-9-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-innovation-vezzoso-dec23-231205121915-d8023875/85/Competition-and-Innovation-The-Role-of-Innovation-in-Enforcement-Cases-VEZZOSO-December-2023-OECD-discussion-9-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div></div></div></div><!--$--><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-1-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-1"></div></div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-2-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-2"></div></div></div><div></div></div></div><!--/$--><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases – VEZZOSO – December 2023 OECD discussion</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#1">Competition and Innovation: Incorporating </a> a More Dynamic Perspective into Enforcement Simonetta Vezzoso, Trento University OECD Meeting of the Competition Committee Paris, 5 December 2023 </li></div><div></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#3">INCENTIVES/IMPACT BASED PERSPECTIVES </a> ON INNOVATION: 3 COMMON INSIGHTS There are situations in which innovation is an important dimension of rivalry between companies A long(er)-term perspective is necessary to apprehend innovation A long(er)-term perspective needs to deal with uncertainty </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#4">INCENTIVES-BASED IMPACT(EFFECTS)-BASED rivalry in </a> the product market driven by product or process innovation companies are competing through own innovation efforts and innovation “management” (e.g., ecosystem) Innovation concerns: reduction or a delay in the introduction of new features of the products Innovation concerns: changes to innovation levels and intensity incentives to innovate capabilities to innovate Future product markets can be identified in a traditional way (demand and supply substituability) No clear outcomes from innovation (e.g., R&D) efforts (e.g., SSNIP test unhelpful) innovation mostly of incremental nature (more static perspective) Innovation mostly of disruptive nature (more dynamic perspective) Uncertainty: products have not yet entered the market or potential outcomes from innovation are not clearly identifiable Uncertainty regarding future outcomes of innovation efforts is very high Theories of harm: profit –cannibalization narrative (analogous to unilateral price effects); traditional foreclosure theories “adapted” – innovation a variable Theories of harm: direct impact on innovation of a behaviour or a transaction (not as a consequence of a reduction in competition) </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#5">ENFORCEMENT </a></li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#6">EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT </a> CASES DEALING WITH INNOVATION IN A PREDOMINANTY STATIC WAY EU General Electric/Alstom (merger) EU Pfizer/Hospira (merger) US Mallinckrodt (unilateral conduct) US Meta/Within (merger) EU Illumina/Grail (merger) Italy Google/Enel X (unilateral conduct) EU Intel (unilateral conduct) EU Novartis/GlaxoSmithKline (merger) UK/EU Google/Waze (merger) Brazil Bayer/Monsanto (merger) US Bayer/Monsanto (merger) </li></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#7">EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT </a> CASES DEALING WITH INNOVATION IN A MORE DYNAMIC WAY EU Bayer Monsanto (merger) EU Dow/DuPont (merger) US Halliburton/Baker Hughes (merger) US UnitedHealth Group/Change Healthcare (merger) UK Illumina/Pacific Biosciences (merger) US Plaid/Visa (merger) EU Google Android (unilateral conduct) </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#8">MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH </a> TO INNOVATION: CHALLENGES AHEAD Better conceptualize the relevant rivalry between companies as a process of innovation and knowledge creation Develop a better understanding of innovation capabilities: type of technology/knowledge production, specific skills (e.g., AI talent), specialized assets, etc. Better understand Innovation factors beyond capabilities: dynamic patterns, technological trajectories, etc. Better assess the impact of innovation efforts on multiple sectors (e.g., digital) – cross-market Make clear in the law that «market definition» is not necessary/can be done radically differently Better understand innovation processes within ecosystems: production and appropriation mechanisms (both incremental and disruptive innovation) Need to consider concerns on the «quality» of the innovation - not only on innovation levels and intensity (e.g., cooperation with data protection authorities, AI regulators, etc.) Identify the types of evidence that capture the relevant innovation dimensions: portfolios of R&D activities, commercial and licensing agreements with other companies, links to universities, participation to scientific conferences, etc. </li></div><div><li>9. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF/competition-and-innovation-the-role-of-innovation-in-enforcement-cases-vezzoso-december-2023-oecd-discussion#9">VERY PRACTICAL SUGGESTION </a> ON HOW TO FACE THE CHALLENGES POSED BY THE MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH TO INNOVATION Competition regulators could facilitate the organisation of symposia, seminars, and workshops that bring together economists (also from non-orthodox economic Schools), management experts, behavioural scientists, and technologists. These gatherings would provide a platform for cross-disciplinary collaboration, offering diverse perspectives, approaches, and knowledge to enhance the understanding of innovation processes within particular industries and sectors, as well as providing new assessment tools and methodologies. </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="actions.save" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span 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Hartcliffe Betrayed charts the planning, design and building of a post war council estate on the outskirts of Bristol, its a story that was repeated across the country and feeds into current debates around urban extensions and 15 minute neighbourhoods\n","tags":["book","history","bristol"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hartcliffe-betrayed-clifton-litfest-pptx/273505729","userLogin":"PaulSmith79","userName":"Paul Smith","viewCount":44},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"【英国学位证购买】哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams成绩单公证","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":13,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273459159","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"kf2vb6-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241120073800-08bd6dba-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"英国学位证购买-原版高精度还原【办证威信-QQ/: 74100 3700】哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams毕业证和学位证书、成绩单、offer留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。\r\n\r\n主要有文凭办理、毕业证购买、毕业证成绩单购买、文凭购买，毕业证办理业务。一比一还原国外大学毕业证，定制国外大学学历，制作国外大学文凭，复刻国外大学毕业证书。办理毕业证、办理文凭、 买大学毕业证、买大学文凭，海量学校供您选择 · 学校真实原版工艺 · 十年从业经验专业可靠 · 您值得信赖的合作商家！\r\n\r\n【关于学历材料质量】\r\n我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！提供美国毕业证制作、加拿大毕业证定做、美国文凭订购、加拿大大学毕业证、美国大学文凭办理，加拿大文凭办理等业务。\r\n【业务选择办理准则】\r\n一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号bwp0011】文凭即可\r\n二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号bwp0011】即可\r\n三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。\r\n\r\n【成绩单有没有必要办理】\r\n成绩单的意义主要体现在证明学习能力、评估学术背景、展示综合素质、提高录取率，以及是作为留信认证申请材料的一部分。\r\n成绩单能够体现您的的学习能力，包括课程成绩、专业能力、研究能力。具体来说，成绩报告单通常包含学生的学习技能与习惯、各科成绩以及老师评语等部分，因此，成绩单不仅是学生学术能力的证明，也是评估学生是否适合某个教育项目的重要依据！\r\n\r\n留信网认证的作用:\r\n1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份\r\n2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定\r\n3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书\r\n4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方\r\n5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息\r\n6:个人职称评审加20分\r\n7:个人信誉贷款加10分\r\n8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才\r\n\r\n留信网服务项目：\r\n1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）\r\n2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务\r\n3、留学人员区块链存储服务\r\n\r\n国外留学回国的学生都清楚学历认证【微信:bwp0011】的重要性，一些在留学期间因为意外情况被开除不能毕业的学生，即便在无学位的情况下，也想费尽心思申请一份学历认证为自己证明国外的学位情况。\r\n留学认证学历从最简单的层面来说是对你纪念学习生涯画上一个完美的句号,从另一种角度来说也是对自己的一种交代，更是一种学习能力的证明!\r\n\r\n留信网和中留服的区别：【微信：bwp0011】\r\n办理哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n留信网的主办单位是北京留信信息科学研究院，主要职责就是为留学归国人员提供留学生就业等人力资源服务，提供“境外校库”海外院校办学信息查询。留信认证主要是出具“留学生专业人才入库证明”，以及一个留信网网络查询留学经历数据分析报告。\r\n\r\n留服即中国留学服务中心，是教育部直属事业单位，主要从事出国留学、留学回国、来华留学以及教育国际交流与合作等领域的相关服务，其中国企，考公，落户，升学等都是需要留服认证的。\r\n\r\n两种认证用处有所差异，大家肯定都想做更有用的留服认证。须知，留服认证只有在正规大学或项目就读，顺利毕业取得学位的情况下才能认证通过，如果是留学未能完成学业的，没有取得毕业相关证书，则无法通过认证。\r\n\r\n在这种情况下，国外留学无法毕业的留学生如果想要直接认证，则只能选择留信认证了。这种方式可以给予因为各种原因在国外无法完成学业，被退学，被开除的同学更多选择的可能，更多证明留学经历学习背景的机会。\r\n办理哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。\r\n\r\n办理哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams毕业证/学位证【qq:74100 3700】在读证明信/文凭证书、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n定制哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书制作_HarperAdams毕业证成绩单【qq:74100 3700】不同学院专业模版基本一致，不同年份版本有所区别，严格按照不同年份版本来定制。\r\n留学：一场跨越国界的成长之旅\r\n在人生的广阔画卷中，留学无疑是最为绚烂多彩的一笔。它不仅仅是一次地理上的迁徙，更是心灵与智慧的深度游历，是自我挑战与重塑的宝贵机遇。当飞机划过天际，远离熟悉的土地，每一位踏上留学征途的学子，都怀揣着梦想与不安，迈向了一个全新的世界。\r\n文化的碰撞与融合\r\n留学，首先是一场文化的盛宴。走进异国他乡，每一处风景、每一道菜肴、每一种语言，都是文化的独特印记\r\n总之，留学是一场充满挑战与机遇的旅程。它让学子们在文化的碰撞中拓宽视野，在学术的深耕中提升自我，在独立与成长的磨砺中变得坚韧不拔，在人际关系的构建中拓展世界。这段经历，将成为他们人生中最宝贵的财富之一，激励他们在未来的道路上勇往直前，不断探索未知的世界","tags":["哈珀亚当斯大学毕业证书"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/kf2vb6-pptx/273459159","userLogin":"ol4w81rz","userName":"ol4w81rz","viewCount":16},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Mindfulness and Eating Final 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necessary to apprehend innovation\n A long(er)-term perspective needs to deal with uncertainty\n ","INCENTIVES-BASED IMPACT(EFFECTS)-BASED\nrivalry in the product market driven by product or\nprocess innovation\ncompanies are competing through own innovation efforts\nand innovation “management” (e.g., ecosystem)\nInnovation concerns: reduction or a delay in the\nintroduction of new features of the products\nInnovation concerns: changes to innovation levels and\nintensity\nincentives to innovate capabilities to innovate\nFuture product markets can be identified in a traditional\nway (demand and supply substituability)\nNo clear outcomes from innovation (e.g., R\u0026D) efforts\n(e.g., SSNIP test unhelpful)\ninnovation mostly of incremental nature (more static\nperspective)\nInnovation mostly of disruptive nature (more dynamic\nperspective)\nUncertainty: products have not yet entered the market\nor potential outcomes from innovation are not clearly\nidentifiable\nUncertainty regarding future outcomes of innovation\nefforts is very high\nTheories of harm: profit –cannibalization narrative\n(analogous to unilateral price effects); traditional\nforeclosure theories “adapted” – innovation a variable\nTheories of harm: direct impact on innovation of a\nbehaviour or a transaction (not as a consequence of a\nreduction in competition)\n ","ENFORCEMENT\n ","EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT CASES DEALING\nWITH INNOVATION IN A PREDOMINANTY STATIC WAY\nEU General Electric/Alstom (merger)\nEU Pfizer/Hospira (merger)\nUS Mallinckrodt (unilateral conduct)\nUS Meta/Within (merger)\nEU Illumina/Grail (merger)\nItaly Google/Enel X (unilateral conduct)\nEU Intel (unilateral conduct)\nEU Novartis/GlaxoSmithKline (merger)\nUK/EU Google/Waze (merger)\nBrazil Bayer/Monsanto (merger)\nUS Bayer/Monsanto (merger)\n ","EXAMPLES OF ENFORCEMENT CASES DEALING\nWITH INNOVATION IN A MORE DYNAMIC WAY\nEU Bayer Monsanto (merger)\nEU Dow/DuPont (merger)\nUS Halliburton/Baker Hughes (merger)\nUS UnitedHealth Group/Change Healthcare (merger)\nUK Illumina/Pacific Biosciences (merger)\nUS Plaid/Visa (merger)\nEU Google Android (unilateral conduct)\n ","MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH TO INNOVATION:\nCHALLENGES AHEAD\nBetter conceptualize the relevant rivalry between companies as a process of innovation and knowledge\ncreation\nDevelop a better understanding of innovation capabilities: type of technology/knowledge production, specific\nskills (e.g., AI talent), specialized assets, etc.\nBetter understand Innovation factors beyond capabilities: dynamic patterns, technological trajectories, etc.\nBetter assess the impact of innovation efforts on multiple sectors (e.g., digital) – cross-market\nMake clear in the law that «market definition» is not necessary/can be done radically differently\nBetter understand innovation processes within ecosystems: production and appropriation mechanisms (both\nincremental and disruptive innovation)\nNeed to consider concerns on the «quality» of the innovation - not only on innovation levels and intensity\n(e.g., cooperation with data protection authorities, AI regulators, etc.)\nIdentify the types of evidence that capture the relevant innovation dimensions: portfolios of R\u0026D activities,\ncommercial and licensing agreements with other companies, links to universities, participation to scientific\nconferences, etc.\n ","VERY PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON\nHOW TO FACE THE CHALLENGES\nPOSED BY THE MORE DYNAMIC\nAPPROACH TO INNOVATION\nCompetition regulators could facilitate the organisation of symposia,\nseminars, and workshops that bring together economists (also from\nnon-orthodox economic Schools), management experts, behavioural\nscientists, and technologists. 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