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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of dinosaurs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Tianzhenosaurus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">99–71 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.49230769231px; width:9.4769230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.49230769231px; width:9.4769230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:187.49230769231px; width:7.4769230769231px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg/220px-Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg/330px-Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg/440px-Tianzhenosaurus_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="3249" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Reconstructed skeleton of <i>T. youngi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Tianzhenosaurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Tianzhenosaurus</i></a><br /><small>Pang & Cheng, <a href="/wiki/1998_in_paleontology" title="1998 in paleontology">1998</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">†<i><b>T. youngi</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;">†</span><i>Tianzhenosaurus youngi</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Pang & Cheng, 1998</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Other species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><b>Tianzhenosaurus chengi</b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Pang, Li & Guo, 2024</span></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia" title="Shanxia">Shanxia</a></i>? <small>Barrett <i>et al.</i>, 1998</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Tianzhenosaurus</b></i> (meaning “<a href="/wiki/Tianzhen_County" title="Tianzhen County">Tianzhen</a> lizard”) is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurid">ankylosaurid</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> known from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Huiquanpu_Formation" title="Huiquanpu Formation">Huiquanpu Formation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanxi Province">Shanxi Province</a>, China. The genus contains two species, <i><b>T. youngi</b></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>) and <i><b>T. chengi</b></i>. Some researchers have suggested that <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> may represent a <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurine">ankylosaurine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Barun_Goyot_Formation" title="Barun Goyot Formation">Barun Goyot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nemegt_Formation" title="Nemegt Formation">Nemegt</a> formations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_naming">Discovery and naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery and naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg/220px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg/330px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg/440px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull_in_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Holotype skull of <i>T. youngi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1983, Pang Qiqing and Cheng Zhengwu discovered articulated cervical vertebrae of an ankylosaurid from the <a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanxi Province">Shanxi Province</a>. Numerous excavations at the site yielded more than 2,300 specimens belonging to <a href="/wiki/Sauropoda" title="Sauropoda">sauropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">theropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">ornithopods</a> and ankylosaurid specimens. The <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> specimen of <i>Tianzhenosaurus youngi</i>, HBV-10001, consists of a partial skull. Two <a href="/wiki/Paratype" title="Paratype">paratype</a> specimens were assigned to this species: HBV-10002 (an incomplete mandible and HBV-10003 (cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, a sacral complex, ilia, pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, fore and hind limbs with fore and hind feet, tail club and osteoderms) The holotype and paratype specimens were collected from the <a href="/wiki/Huiquanpu_Formation" title="Huiquanpu Formation">Huiquanpu Formation</a> and are housed at the Geoscience Museum, <a href="/wiki/Hebei_GEO_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebei GEO University">Hebei GEO University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pang1998_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The generic name, <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i>, is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Tianzhen_County" title="Tianzhen County">Tianzhen County</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> word "sauros" (lizard). The specific name, <i>youngi</i>, honors Professor <a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhongjian" title="Yang Zhongjian">Yang Zhongjian</a> ("C. C. Young"), a major contributor to the success of <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_paleontology" title="Vertebrate paleontology">vertebrate paleontology</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Pang1998_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Sullivan considered <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i> based on the skulls being similar in overall <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphology</a>. Additionally, Sullivan also considered <i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia" title="Shanxia">Shanxia</a></i> as a junior synonym of <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as the only diagnosable characteristic of <i>Shanxia</i> is known to be variable within a single taxon such as <i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Arbour" title="Victoria Arbour">Arbour</a> & <a href="/wiki/Phillip_J._Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip J. Currie">Currie</a> (2015) also reaffirmed <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as a junior synonym of <i>Saichania</i> based on similar reasons provided by Sullivan (1999), but noted that if the humerus of <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> is later shown to differ from that of <i>Saichania</i>, then it could be considered as a distinct taxon.<sup id="cite_ref-Arbour2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arbour2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png/220px-Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png/330px-Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png/440px-Tianzhenosaurus_chengi.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paleoart" title="Paleoart">Life reconstruction</a> of <i>T. chengi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2024, Pang, Li & Guo described <i>Tianzhenosaurus chengi</i> as a new species in the genus based on the holotype, HBV-10004 (a skull), and paratype HBV-10005 (a nearly complete skeleton). They noted several cranial characteristics that could be used to distinguish <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> from other Asian ankylosaurids, including <i>Saichania</i>, <i>Talarurus</i>, and <i>Shanxia</i>. The specimen was found in the same rock layers as <i>T. youngi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-T.chengi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T.chengi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianzhenosaurus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tianzhenosaurus.jpg/220px-Tianzhenosaurus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tianzhenosaurus.jpg/330px-Tianzhenosaurus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tianzhenosaurus.jpg/440px-Tianzhenosaurus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructed skeleton mount of <i>T. youngi</i></figcaption></figure><p> Pang and Cheng, 1998 distinguished <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> from all other ankylosaurids based on the following traits: A flat, low, medium-sized, <a href="/wiki/Isosceles_triangle" title="Isosceles triangle">isosceles triangle</a> shaped skull; <a href="/wiki/Skull_roof" title="Skull roof">skull roof</a> covered with irregular bony <a href="/wiki/Tubercule" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubercule">tubercles</a>; a relatively long premaxilla; a small orbit surrounded by a bony ring; horizontally elongates narial openings; septomaxilla not separating the narial openings; maxillary tooth rows slightly convergent posteriorly; short basicranium; maxilloturbinal located laterally in middle part of the palatal vault; vertical occipital region; narrow and high occipital condyle; occipital condyle not visible in <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">dorsal view</a>; opisthotic extends lateroventrally as a curved process; mandible is deep with a convex ventral border; no mandibular ornamentation; tooth crowns have <a href="/wiki/Cingulum_(tooth)" title="Cingulum (tooth)">cingula</a> on labial sides, swollen bases, and middle ridge on lingual sides; short, amphicoelous cervical centrum; dorsal centrum is long and flat at both ends; eight fused vertebrae in sacrum; short and thick anterior caudal vertebrae; narrow and elongated posterior <a href="/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae">caudal vertebrae</a> that ended with a tail club; rectangular, plate-like scapula; proximal and distal ends of humerus are moderately expanded and not twisted; thick femur lacking the fourth trochanter; tarsometatarsal and digits that are typical for <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosaurs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pang1998_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg/200px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg/300px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg/400px-Tianzhenosaurus_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructed skull of <i>T. youngi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Pang & Cheng (1998) noted that the overall skull morphology of <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> was similar to that of <i>Saichania</i> as both taxa have an isosceles triangle shaped skull, a similar location of the orbit at the mid-posterior part of the skull, <a href="/wiki/Occipital_condyles" title="Occipital condyles">occipital condyle</a> that do not extend beyond the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior (anatomy)">posterior</a> edge of the skull roof, and the skull roof being covered with <a href="/wiki/Plate_(anatomy)" title="Plate (anatomy)">dermal plates</a> and bony nobs. However, Pang & Cheng also noted that <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> also shared similarities to <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i> as they both have triangular shaped skulls, irregular dermal <a href="/wiki/Scutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutes">scutes</a> covering the skull roof, posteriorly diverging maxillary tooth rows, transversely widened occipital condyle, and <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal plane">horizontal</a> extension of the opisthotic and having no ventral curvature.<sup id="cite_ref-Pang1998_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pang & Cheng (1998) originally placed <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> into <i>Ankylosauridae</i>, but did not specify it's relationship with other ankylosaurids.<sup id="cite_ref-Pang1998_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Sullivan (1999) and Arbour & Currie (2015) considered <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as a junior synonym of <i>Saichania</i> based on the overall similar morphology of the skulls.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arbour2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arbour2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vickaryous et al. (2004) classified <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as an ankylosaurine, sister taxon to <i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus</a></i>, while Thompson et al. (2012) recovered <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as sister taxon to <i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-vickaryousetal2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickaryousetal2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonEtAl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Wiersma and Irmis (2018) recovered <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> as a valid taxon and interpreted it as sister taxon to <i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus grangeri</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wiersma2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiersma2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Thompson et al., 2012 is reproduced below.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonEtAl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade 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td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Huayangosaurus_taibaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Huayangosaurus taibaii">Huayangosaurus taibaii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurus_armatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaurus armatus">Stegosaurus armatus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi paravertebra</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus_paradoxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoningosaurus paradoxus">Liaoningosaurus paradoxus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta_bilbeyhallorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum">Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus_domoculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobisaurus domoculus">Gobisaurus domoculus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus_scutatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamosaurus scutatus">Shamosaurus scutatus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuansaurus" title="Zhongyuansaurus">Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia_longicranialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsagantegia longicranialis">Tsagantegia longicranialis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia_tianzhensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanxia tianzhensis">Shanxia tianzhensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonpelta" title="Crichtonpelta">"Crichtonsaurus" benxiensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dyoplosaurus_acutosquameus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus">Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus_mephistocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus">Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus_magniventris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris">Ankylosaurus magniventris</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus_tutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Euoplocephalus tutus">Euoplocephalus tutus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaurasaurus_ramachandrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani">Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus_grangeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacosaurus grangeri">Pinacosaurus grangeri</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nodocephalosaurus_kirtlandensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis">Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus_plicatospineus" class="mw-redirect" title="Talarurus plicatospineus">Talarurus plicatospineus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Tianzhenosaurus youngi</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania_chulsanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saichania chulsanensis">Saichania chulsanensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia_gigantea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarchia gigantea">Tarchia gigantea</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The results of an earlier analysis by Vickaryous et al., 2004 is reproduced below.<sup id="cite_ref-vickaryousetal2004_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickaryousetal2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi paravertebra</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia burgei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus domoculus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus scutatus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia" title="Tsagantegia">Tsagantegia longicranialis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia" title="Tarchia">Tarchia gigantea</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus magniventris</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus tutus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania chulsanensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus plicatospineus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus grangeri</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Tianzhenosaurus youngi</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleoenvironment">Paleoenvironment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paleoenvironment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png/200px-Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png/300px-Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png/400px-Huabeisaurus_stratigraphy_map.png 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="3041" /></a><figcaption>Stratigraphic map of the Huiquanpu Formation</figcaption></figure> <p>The holotype specimen of <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> was recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Huiquanpu_Formation" title="Huiquanpu Formation">Huiquanpu Formation</a>, which possibly dates to the Cenomanian or Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. However, the precise dating of the formation is problematic due to the absence of index fossils and the Cretaceous age is partially based on the discovery of indeterminate pliosaur material.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett1998_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Huiquanpu Formation consists of grey siltstones interbedded with red medium to coarse grained sandstones that has extensive cross-bedding.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett1998_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the sedimentation, the formation represents a fluvial environment, with the upper part of the formation being extensively reworked by a number of early Tertiary volcanic intrusions.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett1998_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> would have coexisted with the <a href="/wiki/Macronaria" title="Macronaria">macronarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sauropoda" title="Sauropoda">sauropod</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Huabeisaurus" title="Huabeisaurus">Huabeisaurus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-pang1996_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pang1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">hadrosauroid</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">ornithopod</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Datonglong" title="Datonglong">Datonglong</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-xu2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xu2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pantyrannosaurian <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauroidea" title="Tyrannosauroidea">tyrannosauroid</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jinbeisaurus" title="Jinbeisaurus">Jinbeisaurus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-wuetal2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wuetal2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">ankylosaurine</a> <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">ankylosaurid</a> <i>Shanxia</i>, which may represent a junior synonym of <i>Tianzhenosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett1998_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/32px-Tyrannoskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/48px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/64px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="3058" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dinosaurs" title="Portal:Dinosaurs">Dinosaurs portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline of ankylosaur research</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhenosaurus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pang1998-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pang1998_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pang1998_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pang1998_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pang1998_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pang1998_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPangChang1998" class="citation journal cs1">Pang, Q.; Chang, Z. (1998). "A new ankylosaur of the late Cretaceous from Tianzhen, Shanxi". <i>Progress in Natural Science</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Natural+Science&rft.atitle=A+new+ankylosaur+of+the+late+Cretaceous+from+Tianzhen%2C+Shanxi&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Pang&rft.aufirst=Q.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATianzhenosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan1999_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Sullivan, R. (1999). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=A+new+tyrannosauroid+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+of+Shanxi%2C+China&rft.volume=108&rft.pages=Article+104357&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2019.104357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214354354%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Wu+Xiao-chun&rft.au=Shi+Jian-Ru&rft.au=Dong+Li-Yang&rft.au=Thomas+D.+Carr&rft.au=Yi+Jian&rft.au=Xu+Shi-Chao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATianzhenosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia41" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithischia" title="Template:Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ankylosauria103" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosaurus" title="Cryptosaurus">Cryptosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracopelta" title="Dracopelta">Dracopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priodontognathus" title="Priodontognathus">Priodontognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcolestes" title="Sarcolestes">Sarcolestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serendipaceratops" title="Serendipaceratops">Serendipaceratops</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinankylosaurus" title="Sinankylosaurus">Sinankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spicomellus" title="Spicomellus">Spicomellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurides" title="Stegosaurides">Stegosaurides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianchisaurus" title="Tianchisaurus">Tianchisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vectipelta" title="Vectipelta">Vectipelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunbarrasaurus" title="Kunbarrasaurus">Kunbarrasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros" title="Stegouros">Stegouros</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Euankylosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Euankylosauria">Euankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopholis" title="Acanthopholis">Acanthopholis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dongyangopelta" title="Dongyangopelta">Dongyangopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horshamosaurus" title="Horshamosaurus">Horshamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invictarx" title="Invictarx">Invictarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthoides" title="Polacanthoides">Polacanthoides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priconodon" title="Priconodon">Priconodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propanoplosaurus" title="Propanoplosaurus">Propanoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhadinosaurus" title="Rhadinosaurus">Rhadinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroplites" title="Sauroplites">Sauroplites</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polacanthinae" title="Polacanthinae">Polacanthinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taohelong" title="Taohelong">Taohelong</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurinae">Nodosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acantholipan" title="Acantholipan">Acantholipan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borealopelta" title="Borealopelta">Borealopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patagopelta" title="Patagopelta">Patagopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoplosaurini">Panoplosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Denversaurus" title="Denversaurus">Denversaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurini">Struthiosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuanqilong" title="Chuanqilong">Chuanqilong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huaxiazhoulong" title="Huaxiazhoulong">Huaxiazhoulong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamosaurinae">Shamosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuansaurus" title="Zhongyuansaurus">Zhongyuansaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bissektipelta" title="Bissektipelta">Bissektipelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonpelta" title="Crichtonpelta">Crichtonpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonsaurus" title="Crichtonsaurus">Crichtonsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Datai" title="Datai">Datai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jinyunpelta" title="Jinyunpelta">Jinyunpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaurasaurus" title="Minotaurasaurus">Minotaurasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia" title="Shanxia">Shanxia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia" title="Tarchia">Tarchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianzhenosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia" title="Tsagantegia">Tsagantegia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaraapelta" title="Zaraapelta">Zaraapelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurini">Ankylosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akainacephalus" title="Akainacephalus">Akainacephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anodontosaurus" title="Anodontosaurus">Anodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyoplosaurus" title="Dyoplosaurus">Dyoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodocephalosaurus" title="Nodocephalosaurus">Nodocephalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oohkotokia" title="Oohkotokia">Oohkotokia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platypelta" title="Platypelta">Platypelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scolosaurus" title="Scolosaurus">Scolosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziapelta" title="Ziapelta">Ziapelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuul" title="Zuul">Zuul</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sauropelta edwardsorum"><img alt="Sauropelta edwardsorum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/140px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/210px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/280px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris"><img alt="Ankylosaurus magniventris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/140px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/210px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/280px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ankylosaurs" title="Category:Ankylosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Tianzhenosaurus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326596" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q326596">Q326596</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tianzhenosaurus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Tianzhenosaurus">Tianzhenosaurus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4530868">4530868</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4823323">4823323</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1155939">1155939</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4946541">4946541</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66503">66503</a></span></span></li></ul> 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