CINXE.COM
extramural research – NLM Musings from the Mezzanine
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/xmlrpc.php"> <title>extramural research – NLM Musings from the Mezzanine</title> <script type="text/javascript"> WebFontConfig = {"google":{"families":["Lato:r:latin,latin-ext","Lato:r,i,b,bi:latin,latin-ext"]},"api_url":"https:\/\/fonts-api.wp.com\/css"}; (function() { var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = 'https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcomsh/vendor/automattic/custom-fonts/js/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.async = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script><style id="jetpack-custom-fonts-css">.wf-active body, .wf-active button, .wf-active input, .wf-active select, .wf-active textarea{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif}.wf-active .gallery-caption, .wf-active .wp-caption-text{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif}.wf-active h1, .wf-active h2, .wf-active h3, .wf-active h4, .wf-active h5, .wf-active h6{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active h1{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h2{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h3{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h4{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h5{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h6{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .site-title{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .site-description{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .widget-title, .wf-active .widgettitle{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .featured-page .entry-title, .wf-active .grid .entry-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .no-comments{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .hentry div#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400}</style> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Jetpack Site Verification Tags --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » Comments Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » extramural research Tag Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/feed/" /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v9.2.2 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P1FPTH9PL4" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/tag\/extramural-research\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-P1FPTH9PL4', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-P1FPTH9PL4', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script> <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-09d442c062a63f411d07f4e30eabd498' href='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-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' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <style id='edin-style-inline-css'> .tags-links { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; position: absolute; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; } </style> <style id='addtoany-inline-css'> @media screen and (max-width:980px){ .a2a_floating_style.a2a_vertical_style{display:none;} } @media screen and (min-width:981px){ .a2a_floating_style.a2a_default_style{display:none;} } </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <style id='wpxpo-global-style-inline-css'> :root { --preset-color1: #037fff --preset-color2: #026fe0 --preset-color3: #071323 --preset-color4: #132133 --preset-color5: #34495e --preset-color6: #787676 --preset-color7: #f0f2f3 --preset-color8: #f8f9fa --preset-color9: #ffffff } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-colors-style-inline-css'> :root { --postx_preset_Base_1_color: #f4f4ff; --postx_preset_Base_2_color: #dddff8; --postx_preset_Base_3_color: #B4B4D6; --postx_preset_Primary_color: #3323f0; --postx_preset_Secondary_color: #4a5fff; --postx_preset_Tertiary_color: #FFFFFF; --postx_preset_Contrast_3_color: #545472; --postx_preset_Contrast_2_color: #262657; --postx_preset_Contrast_1_color: #10102e; --postx_preset_Over_Primary_color: #ffffff; } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-gradient-style-inline-css'> :root { --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Cold_Evening_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(12, 52, 131) 0%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%, rgb(107, 140, 206) 100%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%); --postx_preset_Purple_Division_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(112, 40, 228) 0%, rgb(229, 178, 202) 100%); --postx_preset_Over_Sun_gradient: linear-gradient(60deg, rgb(171, 236, 214) 0%, rgb(251, 237, 150) 100%); --postx_preset_Morning_Salad_gradient: linear-gradient(-255deg, rgb(183, 248, 219) 0%, rgb(80, 167, 194) 100%); --postx_preset_Fabled_Sunset_gradient: linear-gradient(-270deg, rgb(35, 21, 87) 0%, rgb(68, 16, 122) 29%, rgb(255, 19, 97) 67%, rgb(255, 248, 0) 100%); } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-typo-style-inline-css'> @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i'); :root { --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_weight: 600; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_text_transform: capitalize; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_weight: 400; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_text_transform: lowercase; --postx_preset_body_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; --postx_preset_paragraph_1_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_2_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_3_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_heading_h1_typo_font_size_lg: 42px; --postx_preset_heading_h2_typo_font_size_lg: 36px; --postx_preset_heading_h3_typo_font_size_lg: 30px; --postx_preset_heading_h4_typo_font_size_lg: 24px; --postx_preset_heading_h5_typo_font_size_lg: 20px; --postx_preset_heading_h6_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-sans-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Sans%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-serif-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Serif%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-mono-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Mono&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?m=1731526291'></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-P1FPTH9PL4"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcomsh\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; a2a_config.icon_color="#011947"; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js,wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?m=1732260668'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/220537" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <style></style> <!-- GA Google Analytics @ https://m0n.co/ga --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TMJKWEB4HJ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-TMJKWEB4HJ'); </script> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&subagency=NIH&sp=query&enhlink=true"></script><meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.5" /><style type="text/css">.wtr-time-wrap{ /* wraps the entire label */ margin: 0 10px; } .wtr-time-number{ /* applies only to the number */ }</style> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.9; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <meta name="description" content="Posts about extramural research written by Guest Author" /> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } </style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-color: #011947; } </style> <style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* wide width */ @media screen and (min-width: 1400px) { .no-sidebar .content-area { width:100%; } } </style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* don't remember what this one does */ .byline { display:none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* full-width, radial featured image */ .post-thumbnail img { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; border-radius: 15px; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* automatically indent lists */ .entry-content ul, .entry-content ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30px; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* change menu's font size */ .primary-menu { font-size: 30px }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/*alter maximum width in tablet view */ .single #primary, .page #primary, .archive #primary { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 1200px; width: 100%; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* remove "Leave a comment" under Related Posts and keep "Leave a Reply" */ .post .comments-link{ display: none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* remove white space where featured image was */ .site-branding { display: none; } .hero { display: none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* make page titles shorter */ .page .hero.without-featured-image { padding: 30px 0; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* Hide link underlines 5741566-zen cw */ .entry-content a:not([class^="button"]), .page-content a:not([class^="button"]) { border-bottom: none; }</style> <!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="extramural research – NLM Musings from the Mezzanine" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <style type="text/css" id="custom-colors-css">.hero a.button-minimal{border-color:#fff !important}#comments #respond .form-submit input#comment-submit,.widget_flickr #flickr_badge_uber_wrapper td a:last-child{background:#c5c5c5 !important;border-color:#c5c5c5 !important}@media screen and (min-width:1020px){body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current-menu-item:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current_page_item:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-item-has-children:hover:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul .menu-item-has-children:before{color:#fff}body.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul ul:before{border-bottom-color:transparent}}@media screen and (min-width:1230px){body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus:before{color:#fff}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus:before{border-color:#fff}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before{background:0 0}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active:before{color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active:before{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}}body{background-color:#011947}mark,ins,button,input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit],a.button,a.button:visited,a.button-minimal:hover,a.button-minimal:focus,a.button-minimal:active,body:not(.small-screen) .menu-toggle.open:before,body:not(.small-screen) .search-toggle.open:before,.navigation-wrapper,.search-wrapper,.widget_nav_menu .dropdown-toggle:hover,.hero.with-featured-image,body[class*=front-page] .hero,#infinite-handle span,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current-menu-item>a,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current_page_item>a,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul li,.widget_akismet_widget .a-stats a{background-color:#011947}a,a.button-minimal,a.button-minimal:visited,.menu-toggle:focus,.search-toggle:focus,.primary-navigation .dropdown-toggle:hover,.footer-navigation a:hover,.footer-navigation a:focus,.footer-navigation a:active,.screen-reader-text:hover,.screen-reader-text:focus,.screen-reader-text:active,.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer a:focus,.site-footer a:active,.format-link .entry-title a:hover:after,.format-link .entry-title a:focus:after,.format-link .entry-title a:active:after,.entry-title a:hover,.entry-title a:focus,.entry-title a:active,.featured-page .entry-title a:hover,.featured-page .entry-title a:focus,.featured-page .entry-title a:active,.grid .entry-title a:hover,.grid .entry-title a:focus,.grid .entry-title a:active,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:hover,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:focus,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:active,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:hover,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:focus,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:active,.small-screen .menu-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open,.medium-screen .menu-toggle:hover,.medium-screen .menu-toggle:active,.small-screen .search-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open,.medium-screen .search-toggle:hover,.medium-screen .search-toggle:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-item-has-children:before,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:active,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:hover,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:focus,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:active,.testimonial-entry-title a:hover,.testimonial-entry-title a:focus,.testimonial-entry-title a:active{color:#011947}button,input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit],input[type=text]:focus,input[type=email]:focus,input[type=url]:focus,input[type=password]:focus,input[type=search]:focus,textarea:focus,a.button,a.button-minimal,a.button:visited,a.button-minimal:visited,a.button-minimal:hover,a.button-minimal:focus,a.button-minimal:active,#infinite-handle span,.small-screen .menu-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open:before,#comments #respond #comment-form-comment.active,#comments #respond .comment-form-fields div.comment-form-input.active,.widget_akismet_widget .a-stats a{border-color:#011947}.search-wrapper .search-field{border-color:#004cdb}.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul ul:before,.rtl blockquote,body.rtl .hentry .wpcom-reblog-snapshot .reblogger-note-content blockquote{border-right-color:#011947}.footer-navigation a:hover,.footer-navigation a:focus,.footer-navigation a:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul:before,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul li:last-of-type,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:active{border-bottom-color:#011947}blockquote,body .hentry .wpcom-reblog-snapshot .reblogger-note-content blockquote{border-left-color:#011947}</style> <style id="uagb-style-conditional-extension">@media (min-width: 1025px){body .uag-hide-desktop.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-desktop{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){body .uag-hide-tab.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-tab{display:none !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){body .uag-hide-mob.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-mob{display:none !important}}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">/* remove white space where featured image was */ .site-branding { display: none; } .hero { display: none; } /* make page titles shorter */ .page .hero.without-featured-image { padding: 30px 0; } /* wide width */ @media screen and (min-width: 1400px) { .no-sidebar .content-area { width:100%; } } /* don't remember what this one does */ .byline { display:none; } /* full-width, radial featured image */ .post-thumbnail img { display: block; margin: 0 auto; border-radius: 15px; width: 100%; } /* automatically indent lists */ .entry-content ul, .entry-content ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30px; } /* change menu's font size */ .primary-menu { font-size: 30px } /*alter maximum width in tablet view */ .single #primary, .page #primary, .archive #primary { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 1200px; width: 100%; } /* remove "Leave a comment" under Related Posts and keep "Leave a Reply" */ .post .comments-link{ display: none; } /* hide link underlines */ .entry-content a:not([class^="button"]), .page-content a:not([class^="button"]) { border-bottom: none; color: mediumblue; } .entry-content a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* change Jetpack related posts thumbnail size */ /*stillfiguringthisoneout*/ /*change size of headings for comments area */ /** X Thoughts on X **/ #comments #respond h3#reply-title { font-size: 17px; } /** Leave a Reply **/ #comments .comments-title { font-size: 17px; } /*Changes the size of caption font*/ figcaption { font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.25; }</style><style id="wtr_settings-dynamic-css" title="dynamic-css" class="redux-options-output">.wtr-time-wrap{color:#CCCCCC;font-size:16px;}</style><!-- Jetpack Google Analytics --> <script type='text/javascript'> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-77373749-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' === document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <!-- End Jetpack Google Analytics --> <!-- Fonts Plugin CSS - https://fontsplugin.com/ --> <style> :root { --font-base: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; --font-headings: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; --font-input: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } body, #content, .entry-content, .post-content, .page-content, .post-excerpt, .entry-summary, .entry-excerpt, .widget-area, .widget, .sidebar, #sidebar, footer, .footer, #footer, .site-footer { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-title, .site-title, #site-title a, .site-title a, .entry-title, .entry-title a, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .widget-title, .elementor-heading-title { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } button, .button, input, select, textarea, .wp-block-button, .wp-block-button__link { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-title, .site-title, #site-title a, .site-title a, #site-logo, #site-logo a, #logo, #logo a, .logo, .logo a, .wp-block-site-title, .wp-block-site-title a { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-description, .site-description, #site-tagline, .site-tagline, .wp-block-site-tagline { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .menu, .page_item a, .menu-item a, .wp-block-navigation, .wp-block-navigation-item__content { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content, .entry-content p, .post-content, .page-content, .post-excerpt, .entry-summary, .entry-excerpt, .excerpt, .excerpt p, .type-post p, .type-page p, .wp-block-post-content, .wp-block-post-excerpt, .elementor, .elementor p { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .wp-block-post-title, .wp-block-post-title a, .entry-title, .entry-title a, .post-title, .post-title a, .page-title, .entry-content h1, #content h1, .type-post h1, .type-page h1, .elementor h1 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h2, .post-content h2, .page-content h2, #content h2, .type-post h2, .type-page h2, .elementor h2 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h3, .post-content h3, .page-content h3, #content h3, .type-post h3, .type-page h3, .elementor h3 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h4, .post-content h4, .page-content h4, #content h4, .type-post h4, .type-page h4, .elementor h4 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h5, .post-content h5, .page-content h5, #content h5, .type-post h5, .type-page h5, .elementor h5 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h6, .post-content h6, .page-content h6, #content h6, .type-post h6, .type-page h6, .elementor h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } blockquote, .wp-block-quote, blockquote p, .wp-block-quote p { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .widget-title, .widget-area h1, .widget-area h2, .widget-area h3, .widget-area h4, .widget-area h5, .widget-area h6, #secondary h1, #secondary h2, #secondary h3, #secondary h4, #secondary h5, #secondary h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .widget-area, .widget, .sidebar, #sidebar, #secondary { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } footer h1, footer h2, footer h3, footer h4, footer h5, footer h6, .footer h1, .footer h2, .footer h3, .footer h4, .footer h5, .footer h6, #footer h1, #footer h2, #footer h3, #footer h4, #footer h5, #footer h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } footer, #footer, .footer, .site-footer { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } </style> <!-- Fonts Plugin CSS --> <style type="text/css"> </style> <style id="wpforms-css-vars-root"> :root { --wpforms-field-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-field-border-style: solid; --wpforms-field-border-size: 1px; --wpforms-field-background-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-field-border-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.25 ); --wpforms-field-border-color-spare: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.25 ); --wpforms-field-text-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.7 ); --wpforms-field-menu-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-label-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.85 ); --wpforms-label-sublabel-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.55 ); --wpforms-label-error-color: #d63637; --wpforms-button-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-button-border-style: none; --wpforms-button-border-size: 1px; --wpforms-button-background-color: #066aab; --wpforms-button-border-color: #066aab; --wpforms-button-text-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-page-break-color: #066aab; --wpforms-background-image: none; --wpforms-background-position: center center; --wpforms-background-repeat: no-repeat; --wpforms-background-size: cover; --wpforms-background-width: 100px; --wpforms-background-height: 100px; --wpforms-background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); --wpforms-background-url: none; --wpforms-container-padding: 0px; --wpforms-container-border-style: none; --wpforms-container-border-width: 1px; --wpforms-container-border-color: #000000; --wpforms-container-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-field-size-input-height: 43px; --wpforms-field-size-input-spacing: 15px; --wpforms-field-size-font-size: 16px; --wpforms-field-size-line-height: 19px; --wpforms-field-size-padding-h: 14px; --wpforms-field-size-checkbox-size: 16px; --wpforms-field-size-sublabel-spacing: 5px; --wpforms-field-size-icon-size: 1; --wpforms-label-size-font-size: 16px; --wpforms-label-size-line-height: 19px; --wpforms-label-size-sublabel-font-size: 14px; --wpforms-label-size-sublabel-line-height: 17px; --wpforms-button-size-font-size: 17px; --wpforms-button-size-height: 41px; --wpforms-button-size-padding-h: 15px; --wpforms-button-size-margin-top: 10px; --wpforms-container-shadow-size-box-shadow: none; } </style></head> <body class="archive tag tag-extramural-research tag-220537 custom-background postx-page edin group-blog has-custom-background has-footer-navigation navigation-classic no-sidebar custom-colors tags-hidden elementor-default elementor-kit-7624"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" class="header-image" rel="home"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/musings_refreshed_header_STEVE_yellow_glow.png" width="2000" height="450" alt=""> </a><!-- .header-image --> <div class="header-wrapper clear"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" class="site-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" rel="home">NLM Musings from the Mezzanine</a></p> <p class="site-description">Innovations in Health Information from the National Library of Medicine</p> </div><!-- .site-branding --> <div id="site-navigation" class="header-navigation"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button> <div class="navigation-wrapper clear"> <nav class="secondary-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary"><ul id="menu-social" class="clear"><li id="menu-item-8134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-8134"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8477"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8141"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">National Library of Medicine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8136"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine/">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8139"><a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/NLM_NIH">X</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8140" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8140"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH/featured">YouTube</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- .secondary-navigation --> </div><!-- .navigation-wrapper --> </div><!-- #site-navigation --> </div><!-- .header-wrapper --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="hero without-featured-image"> <div class="hero-wrapper"> <h1 class="page-title"> extramural research </h1> </div> </div><!-- .hero --> <div class="content-wrapper clear"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-13814" class="post-13814 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-artificial-intelligence category-nlm-technology category-research-practices tag-bionic-eye tag-extramural-research tag-jason-esterhuizen tag-lucas-gil-nadolskis tag-michael-beyeler tag-national-library-of-medicine tag-neuroprosthesis tag-nih-common-fund tag-nlm tag-nlm-division-of-extramural-programs-ep tag-orion tag-richard-palmer tag-video"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/16/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye/" rel="bookmark">A Future Where Blindness Is No Barrier: The Smart Bionic Eye</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/16/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-16T11:00:00-04:00">October 16, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-16T10:56:58-04:00">October 16, 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/author/nlmguestauthor/">Guest Author</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <a class="post-thumbnail" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/16/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye/"> <img width="648" height="262" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image-648x262.jpg" class="attachment-edin-featured-image size-edin-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image-648x262.jpg 648w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image-768x310.jpg 768w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image-475x192.jpg 475w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image.jpg 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" data-attachment-id="13822" data-permalink="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/16/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye-featured-image/" data-orig-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image.jpg" data-orig-size="2000,808" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="A Future Where Blindness Is No Barrier- The Smart Bionic Eye featured image" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image.jpg" data-large-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Future-Where-Blindness-Is-No-Barrier-The-Smart-Bionic-Eye-featured-image.jpg" /> </a> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Imagine a world where individuals who are blind or have low vision can navigate their environments with greater independence鈥攚here technology and AI can help them recognize faces, objects, and respond to visual cues. Let鈥檚 see what this future might look like through the development of a "Smart Bionic Eye."</p><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-119132960-13814-6742eb5c86338' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.1-a.3#blog_id=119132960&post_id=13814&origin=nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov&obj_id=119132960-13814-6742eb5c86338&n=1' data-name='like-post-frame-119132960-13814-6742eb5c86338' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/nlm-technology/artificial-intelligence/" rel="category tag">Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/nlm-technology/" rel="category tag">NLM Technology</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/practices/research-practices/" rel="category tag">Research Practices</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/bionic-eye/" rel="tag">bionic eye</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" rel="tag">extramural research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/jason-esterhuizen/" rel="tag">Jason Esterhuizen</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/lucas-gil-nadolskis/" rel="tag">Lucas Gil Nadolskis</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/michael-beyeler/" rel="tag">Michael Beyeler</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-library-of-medicine/" rel="tag">National Library of Medicine</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/neuroprosthesis/" rel="tag">neuroprosthesis</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-common-fund/" rel="tag">NIH Common Fund</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm/" rel="tag">NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm-division-of-extramural-programs-ep/" rel="tag">NLM Division of Extramural Programs (EP)</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/orion/" rel="tag">Orion</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/richard-palmer/" rel="tag">Richard Palmer</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/video/" rel="tag">video</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/16/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-## --> <article id="post-12481" class="post-12481 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-aboutnlm category-biomedical-informatics category-research-practices tag-about-nlm tag-allison-dennis tag-clinical-informatics-research tag-clinical-research-informatics tag-extramural-research tag-grant-awards tag-grant-funding tag-guest-post tag-national-institutes-of-health tag-national-library-of-medicine tag-nih tag-nlm tag-nlm-division-of-extramural-programs-ep tag-nlm-grant-programs tag-nlm-grants"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/03/20/appreciating-the-distinction-clinical-informatics-research-vs-clinical-research-informatics/" rel="bookmark">Appreciating the Distinction: Clinical Informatics Research vs. Clinical Research Informatics</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/03/20/appreciating-the-distinction-clinical-informatics-research-vs-clinical-research-informatics/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-03-20T11:00:00-04:00">March 20, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-03-20T09:23:24-04:00">March 20, 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/author/nlmguestauthor/">Guest Author</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <a class="post-thumbnail" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/03/20/appreciating-the-distinction-clinical-informatics-research-vs-clinical-research-informatics/"> <img width="648" height="265" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-648x265.gif" class="attachment-edin-featured-image size-edin-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="Looping GIF of woman wearing glasses typing near search engine pop-up window reading "Does NLM fund..." The phrases "Clinical Informatics Research" and "Clinical Research Informatics" alternate in the search bar." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-648x265.gif 648w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-768x314.gif 768w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-1536x628.gif 1536w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-1200x491.gif 1200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1-469x192.gif 469w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1.gif 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" data-attachment-id="12488" data-permalink="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2024/03/20/appreciating-the-distinction-clinical-informatics-research-vs-clinical-research-informatics/apprec1/" data-orig-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1.gif" data-orig-size="2000,818" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Appreciating the Distinction: Clinical Informatics Research vs. Clinical Research Informatics Featured Image" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1.gif" data-large-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/APPREC1.gif" /> </a> <div class="entry-content"> <p>NLM funds grants related to both Clinical Informatics Research and Clinical Research Informatics鈥攖wo fields that sound similar but are distinct in the ways they contribute to advancing health care delivery and patient outcomes. NLM鈥檚 Dr. Allison Dennis discusses how these concepts relate and how researchers can apply to related funding opportunities.</p><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-119132960-12481-6742eb5c89346' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.1-a.3#blog_id=119132960&post_id=12481&origin=nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov&obj_id=119132960-12481-6742eb5c89346&n=1' data-name='like-post-frame-119132960-12481-6742eb5c89346' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/aboutnlm/" rel="category tag">About NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/nlm-technology/biomedical-informatics/" rel="category tag">Biomedical Informatics</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/practices/research-practices/" rel="category tag">Research Practices</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/about-nlm/" rel="tag">About NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/allison-dennis/" rel="tag">Allison Dennis</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/clinical-informatics-research/" rel="tag">clinical informatics research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/clinical-research-informatics/" rel="tag">clinical research informatics</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" rel="tag">extramural research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/grant-awards/" rel="tag">grant awards</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/grant-funding/" rel="tag">grant funding</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/guest-post/" rel="tag">guest post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-institutes-of-health/" rel="tag">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-library-of-medicine/" rel="tag">National Library of Medicine</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih/" rel="tag">NIH</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm/" rel="tag">NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm-division-of-extramural-programs-ep/" rel="tag">NLM Division of Extramural Programs (EP)</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm-grant-programs/" rel="tag">NLM grant programs</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm-grants/" rel="tag">NLM grants</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-## --> <article id="post-6704" class="post-6704 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-science-at-nlm tag-biological-research tag-biomedical-research tag-challenge tag-challenge-gov tag-covid tag-covid-treatment tag-covid-vaccines tag-covid-19 tag-covid-19-treatment tag-covid-19-vaccines tag-cross-post tag-data-management-and-sharing-policy tag-data-sharing tag-dataworks tag-dataworks-challenge tag-dataworks-prize tag-extramural-research tag-faseb tag-federation-of-american-societies-for-experimental-biology tag-guest-post tag-medical-research tag-medical-sharing tag-medical-society tag-medical-students tag-national-institutes-of-health tag-nih tag-nih-data-management-and-sharing-policy tag-nih-odss tag-nih-office-of-data-science-strategy tag-odss tag-research-society tag-sars-co-v-2 tag-science tag-scientific-discovery tag-scientific-impact tag-sharing-nih-gov tag-susan-gregurick tag-vaccines"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" rel="bookmark">Building a Culture of Data Sharing and Reuse</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-07T11:00:00-04:00">June 7, 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-01-17T13:17:32-05:00">January 17, 2023</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/author/nlmguestauthor/">Guest Author</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <a class="post-thumbnail" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/"> <img width="648" height="262" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png" class="attachment-edin-featured-image size-edin-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png 2000w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-400x162.png 400w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1024x414.png 1024w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-200x81.png 200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-768x310.png 768w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1536x621.png 1536w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1200x485.png 1200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-866x350.png 866w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" data-attachment-id="6707" data-permalink="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/dataworks2/" data-orig-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png" data-orig-size="2000,808" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="DataWorks2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-400x162.png" data-large-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1024x414.png" /> </a> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This guest blog post is by Susan Gregurick, PhD, Associate Director for Data Science and Director for the Office of Data Science Strategy, NIH. It was originally posted on June 6 in the NIH Office of Extramural Research Open Mike blog. We encourage you to learn more about DataWorks! Prize by visiting Challenge.gov. Participants must … <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Building a Culture of Data Sharing and Reuse</span></a></p><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-119132960-6704-6742eb5c8bd69' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.1-a.3#blog_id=119132960&post_id=6704&origin=nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov&obj_id=119132960-6704-6742eb5c8bd69&n=1' data-name='like-post-frame-119132960-6704-6742eb5c8bd69' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/nlm-services/data-science-at-nlm/" rel="category tag">Data Science at NLM</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/biological-research/" rel="tag">biological research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/biomedical-research/" rel="tag">biomedical research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/challenge/" rel="tag">Challenge</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/challenge-gov/" rel="tag">Challenge.gov</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid/" rel="tag">COVID</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-treatment/" rel="tag">COVID treatment</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-vaccines/" rel="tag">COVID vaccines</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19/" rel="tag">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19-treatment/" rel="tag">COVID-19 treatment</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19-vaccines/" rel="tag">COVID-19 vaccines</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/cross-post/" rel="tag">cross post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/data-management-and-sharing-policy/" rel="tag">Data Management and Sharing Policy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/data-sharing/" rel="tag">data sharing</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks/" rel="tag">DataWorks!</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks-challenge/" rel="tag">DataWorks! Challenge</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks-prize/" rel="tag">DataWorks! Prize</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" rel="tag">extramural research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/faseb/" rel="tag">FASEB</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/federation-of-american-societies-for-experimental-biology/" rel="tag">Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/guest-post/" rel="tag">guest post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-research/" rel="tag">medical research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-sharing/" rel="tag">medical sharing</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-society/" rel="tag">medical society</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-students/" rel="tag">medical students</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-institutes-of-health/" rel="tag">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih/" rel="tag">NIH</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-data-management-and-sharing-policy/" rel="tag">NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-odss/" rel="tag">NIH ODSS</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-office-of-data-science-strategy/" rel="tag">NIH Office of Data Science Strategy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/odss/" rel="tag">ODSS</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/research-society/" rel="tag">research society</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/sars-co-v-2/" rel="tag">SARS Co-V-2</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/science/" rel="tag">science</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/scientific-discovery/" rel="tag">scientific discovery</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/scientific-impact/" rel="tag">scientific impact</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/sharing-nih-gov/" rel="tag">sharing.nih.gov</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/susan-gregurick/" rel="tag">Susan Gregurick</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/vaccines/" rel="tag">vaccines</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-## --> <article id="post-3921" class="post-3921 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-nlm-practices category-practices tag-about-nlm tag-extramural-research tag-guest-post tag-national-institutes-of-health tag-national-library-of-medicine tag-nih tag-nlm tag-nnlm tag-video"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/" rel="bookmark">What Health Literacy Outreach Looks Like at NLM</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-10-06T16:00:00-04:00">October 6, 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-06-15T11:57:33-04:00">June 15, 2023</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/author/nlmguestauthor/">Guest Author</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <a class="post-thumbnail" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/"> <img width="648" height="262" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1.jpg" class="attachment-edin-featured-image size-edin-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="Screenshots from featured videos" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1.jpg 2000w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-400x162.jpg 400w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-200x81.jpg 200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-768x310.jpg 768w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-1200x485.jpg 1200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-866x350.jpg 866w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" data-attachment-id="3956" data-permalink="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/health_literacy_outreach_1/" data-orig-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1.jpg" data-orig-size="2000,808" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="health_literacy_outreach_1" data-image-description="<p>Screenshots from featured videos</p> " data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-400x162.jpg" data-large-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/health_literacy_outreach_1-1024x414.jpg" /> </a> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Guest post by M. Nichelle Mid贸n, Project Scientist, Office of Engagement and Training, National Library of Medicine. Earlier this year, NLM Director Dr. Patricia Flatley Brennan shared insights about how we, at NLM, support individual and organizational health literacy. As the world鈥檚 largest biomedical library, NLM provides physical and digital access to trusted, quality health … <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">What Health Literacy Outreach Looks Like at NLM</span></a></p><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-119132960-3921-6742eb5c90019' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.1-a.3#blog_id=119132960&post_id=3921&origin=nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov&obj_id=119132960-3921-6742eb5c90019&n=1' data-name='like-post-frame-119132960-3921-6742eb5c90019' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/practices/nlm-practices/" rel="category tag">NLM Practices</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/practices/" rel="category tag">Practices</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/about-nlm/" rel="tag">About NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" rel="tag">extramural research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/guest-post/" rel="tag">guest post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-institutes-of-health/" rel="tag">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-library-of-medicine/" rel="tag">National Library of Medicine</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih/" rel="tag">NIH</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlm/" rel="tag">NLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nnlm/" rel="tag">NNLM</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/video/" rel="tag">video</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2020/10/06/what-health-literacy-outreach-looks-like-at-nlm/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-## --> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- .content-wrapper --> </div><!-- #content --> <div id="tertiary" class="footer-widget-area" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widget-wrapper clear"> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p>National Library of Medicine<br>8600 Rockville Pike<br>Bethesda, MD 20894</p> </aside> </div><!-- .footer-widget --> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" target="_blank">Web Policies<br></a><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" target="_blank">FOIA</a><br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center uag-hide-mob"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NLM</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NIH</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/" target="_blank">HHS</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.usa.gov/" target="_blank">USA.gov</a></p> </aside> </div><!-- .footer-widget --> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-right"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/?from=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/&_gl=1*dbpp8x*_ga*NjQ1MTU1NjgyLjE2NjUxNDU0NzI.*_ga_P1FPTH9PL4*MTY2OTE0Nzg3Mi42MC4xLjE2NjkxNDgyNDcuMC4wLjA." target="_blank">NLM Support Center<br></a><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" target="_blank">Accessibility</a><br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/jobopenings.html" target="_blank">Careers</a></p> </aside><aside id="block-6" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NLM</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NIH</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/" target="_blank">HHS</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.usa.gov/" target="_blank">USA.gov</a></p> </aside> </div><!-- .footer-widget --> </div><!-- .footer-widget-wrapper --> </div><!-- #tertiary --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-wrapper clear"> <div class="site-info"> </div><!-- .site-info --> <nav class="footer-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="menu-social-2-container"><ul id="menu-social-2" class="clear"><li id="menu-item-8144" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8144"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine/">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8145" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8145"><a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/NLM_NIH">X</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8146"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH">YouTube</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- .footer-navigation --> </div><!-- .footer-wrapper --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <!-- --> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"woo_active":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="atomic" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?m=202447"></script> <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_44 a2a_floating_style a2a_vertical_style" style="left:0px;top:300px;background-color:transparent"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook_messenger?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Messenger" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_print" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/print?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Print" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_20 a2a_floating_style a2a_default_style" style="bottom:0px;left:0px;background-color:#011947"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook_messenger?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Messenger" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_print" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/print?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fextramural-research%2F&linkname=extramural%20research%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Print" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container"> <!-- The Carousel Swiper --> <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <!-- The main close buton --> <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <!-- Image info, comments and meta --> <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-afdfdf9ffa3f21dc60e3eacf2db601b6' href='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper/dist/responsive-videos/responsive-videos.css?m=1718039714' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="essential-blocks-blocks-localize-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var eb_conditional_localize = []; var EssentialBlocksLocalize = {"eb_plugins_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/","image_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/assets\/images","eb_wp_version":"6.7","eb_version":"5.0.9","eb_admin_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/","rest_rootURL":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/","ajax_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nft_nonce":"f554c9d702","post_grid_pagination_nonce":"efb580a30d","placeholder_image":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png","is_pro_active":"false","upgrade_pro_url":"https:\/\/essential-blocks.com\/upgrade","responsiveBreakpoints":{"tablet":1024,"mobile":767}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="coblocks-tinyswiper-initializer-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var coblocksTinyswiper = {"carouselPrevButtonAriaLabel":"Previous","carouselNextButtonAriaLabel":"Next","sliderImageAriaLabel":"Image"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pt-cv-content-views-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PT_CV_PUBLIC = {"_prefix":"pt-cv-","page_to_show":"5","_nonce":"d54c009ee7","is_admin":"","is_mobile":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","lang":"","loading_image_src":"data:image\/gif;base64,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"}; var PT_CV_PAGINATION = {"first":"\u00ab","prev":"\u2039","next":"\u203a","last":"\u00bb","goto_first":"Go to first page","goto_prev":"Go to previous page","goto_next":"Go to next page","goto_last":"Go to last page","current_page":"Current page is","goto_page":"Go to page"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="edin-navigation-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var screen_reader_text = {"expand":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">expand child menu<\/span>","collapse":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">collapse child menu<\/span>"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="edin-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var screen_reader_text = {"expand":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">expand child menu<\/span>","collapse":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">collapse child menu<\/span>"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/jetpack\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"82285a4807","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2F2024%2F10%2F16%2Fa-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye%2F","blog_id":"1","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-eJytUu1OhTAMfSF7J95c/WV8FDO2XiiMbq4DxKd3i5AYFKOJf7b0tOf0cw5gPCfkpIIbG2JRKJJN0g5q500vSmcgieqyq14xyK929IanTm7mrxqrDRPhLPAyYlxAswVLEpxeIHhJEHSDmzghXOlVtWlwF2lpOg3E/6wdUYJne6i6dptlUul1A7I2DTqRP65nx5yQrY+iEvECMlPA+OekhftBBWIq28jDPpb57UTCWDsynzZqpgPN2cfUQmoRImpbQue0z5+9A+arsMQlgPVEzXeT2sVJTwEccQ9Xb0Ypy/mZUP6DMjtMQZtePRMbVY/krDI6+lHQbT7YgPWmnobH6uF8V52r2/vLO9tEI+0='></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.3.2" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var elementskit = { resturl: 'https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="eael-general-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f2199333eb","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/10\/16\/a-future-where-blindness-is-no-barrier-the-smart-bionic-eye\/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-eJx1jsEOwjAMQ3+ILpoQjAviU1Bps5Gty0qT0t+nQ70hbrYl269E4zZWZIUY8kQsgAHX6mUhNYEUoZCfUAWIScGK7HqWFhtxiaJKN8uh/I7NqNG6Be7EDh6ZgodACwq8MmZ8WvYBU7cS/+ljvWMlG4z1fmMx45ZMI6zqy9eQxlS7BtnvcG/CAhMyJhva/G299sOxvwz95XT+AKyBXXo='></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"119132960\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\",\"hp\":\"atomic\",\"ac\":\"2\",\"amp\":\"0\",\"j\":\"1:14.1-a.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "119132960", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ivory-search-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var IvorySearchVars = {"is_analytics_enabled":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/js/ivory-search.min.js,wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js,wp-content/plugins/gutenberg/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1728466210'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg/build/i18n/index.min.js?ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper/dist/responsive-videos/responsive-videos.js?minify=false&ver=11ee3dcea6c676a3fed7" id="jetpack-responsive-videos-js"></script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241124#ver=20241124&n=1' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> </body> </html> <!-- generated in 1.028 seconds 121994 bytes batcached for 300 seconds -->