CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/xmlrpc.php"> <title>medical sharing – NLM Musings from the Mezzanine</title> <script type="text/javascript"> WebFontConfig = {"google":{"families":["Lato:r:latin,latin-ext","Lato:r,i,b,bi:latin,latin-ext"]},"api_url":"https:\/\/fonts-api.wp.com\/css"}; (function() { var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = 'https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcomsh/vendor/automattic/custom-fonts/js/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.async = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script><style id="jetpack-custom-fonts-css">.wf-active body, .wf-active button, .wf-active input, .wf-active select, .wf-active textarea{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif}.wf-active .gallery-caption, .wf-active .wp-caption-text{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif}.wf-active h1, .wf-active h2, .wf-active h3, .wf-active h4, .wf-active h5, .wf-active h6{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active h1{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h2{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h3{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h4{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h5{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active h6{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .site-title{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .site-description{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .widget-title, .wf-active .widgettitle{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .featured-page .entry-title, .wf-active .grid .entry-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .no-comments{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .hentry div#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400}</style> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » Comments Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine » medical sharing Tag Feed" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-sharing/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P1FPTH9PL4" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/tag\/medical-sharing\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-P1FPTH9PL4', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-P1FPTH9PL4', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-09d442c062a63f411d07f4e30eabd498' href='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-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' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <style id='edin-style-inline-css'> .tags-links { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; position: absolute; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; } </style> <style id='addtoany-inline-css'> @media screen and (max-width:980px){ .a2a_floating_style.a2a_vertical_style{display:none;} } @media screen and (min-width:981px){ .a2a_floating_style.a2a_default_style{display:none;} } </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <style id='wpxpo-global-style-inline-css'> :root { --preset-color1: #037fff --preset-color2: #026fe0 --preset-color3: #071323 --preset-color4: #132133 --preset-color5: #34495e --preset-color6: #787676 --preset-color7: #f0f2f3 --preset-color8: #f8f9fa --preset-color9: #ffffff } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-colors-style-inline-css'> :root { --postx_preset_Base_1_color: #f4f4ff; --postx_preset_Base_2_color: #dddff8; --postx_preset_Base_3_color: #B4B4D6; --postx_preset_Primary_color: #3323f0; --postx_preset_Secondary_color: #4a5fff; --postx_preset_Tertiary_color: #FFFFFF; --postx_preset_Contrast_3_color: #545472; --postx_preset_Contrast_2_color: #262657; --postx_preset_Contrast_1_color: #10102e; --postx_preset_Over_Primary_color: #ffffff; } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-gradient-style-inline-css'> :root { --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Cold_Evening_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(12, 52, 131) 0%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%, rgb(107, 140, 206) 100%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%); --postx_preset_Purple_Division_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(112, 40, 228) 0%, rgb(229, 178, 202) 100%); --postx_preset_Over_Sun_gradient: linear-gradient(60deg, rgb(171, 236, 214) 0%, rgb(251, 237, 150) 100%); --postx_preset_Morning_Salad_gradient: linear-gradient(-255deg, rgb(183, 248, 219) 0%, rgb(80, 167, 194) 100%); --postx_preset_Fabled_Sunset_gradient: linear-gradient(-270deg, rgb(35, 21, 87) 0%, rgb(68, 16, 122) 29%, rgb(255, 19, 97) 67%, rgb(255, 248, 0) 100%); } </style> <style id='ultp-preset-typo-style-inline-css'> @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i'); :root { --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_weight: 600; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_text_transform: capitalize; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_weight: 400; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_text_transform: lowercase; --postx_preset_body_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; --postx_preset_paragraph_1_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_2_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_3_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_heading_h1_typo_font_size_lg: 42px; --postx_preset_heading_h2_typo_font_size_lg: 36px; --postx_preset_heading_h3_typo_font_size_lg: 30px; --postx_preset_heading_h4_typo_font_size_lg: 24px; --postx_preset_heading_h5_typo_font_size_lg: 20px; --postx_preset_heading_h6_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-sans-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Sans%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-serif-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Serif%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='edin-pt-mono-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=PT+Mono&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?m=1731526291'></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-P1FPTH9PL4"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcomsh\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; a2a_config.icon_color="#011947"; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js,wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?m=1732260668'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/220567" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <style></style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TMJKWEB4HJ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-TMJKWEB4HJ'); </script> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&subagency=NIH&sp=query&enhlink=true"></script><meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.5" /><style type="text/css">.wtr-time-wrap{ /* wraps the entire label */ margin: 0 10px; } .wtr-time-number{ /* applies only to the number */ }</style> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.9; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <meta name="description" content="Posts about medical sharing written by Guest Author" /> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } </style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-color: #011947; } </style> <style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* wide width */ @media screen and (min-width: 1400px) { .no-sidebar .content-area { width:100%; } } </style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* don't remember what this one does */ .byline { display:none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* full-width, radial featured image */ .post-thumbnail img { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; border-radius: 15px; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* automatically indent lists */ .entry-content ul, .entry-content ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30px; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* change menu's font size */ .primary-menu { font-size: 30px }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/*alter maximum width in tablet view */ .single #primary, .page #primary, .archive #primary { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 1200px; width: 100%; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* remove "Leave a comment" under Related Posts and keep "Leave a Reply" */ .post .comments-link{ display: none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* remove white space where featured image was */ .site-branding { display: none; } .hero { display: none; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* make page titles shorter */ .page .hero.without-featured-image { padding: 30px 0; }</style><style class="wpcode-css-snippet">/* Hide link underlines 5741566-zen cw */ .entry-content a:not([class^="button"]), .page-content a:not([class^="button"]) { border-bottom: none; }</style>  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="medical sharing – NLM Musings from the Mezzanine" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-sharing/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NLM Musings from the Mezzanine" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />  <style type="text/css" id="custom-colors-css">.hero a.button-minimal{border-color:#fff !important}#comments #respond .form-submit input#comment-submit,.widget_flickr #flickr_badge_uber_wrapper td a:last-child{background:#c5c5c5 !important;border-color:#c5c5c5 !important}@media screen and (min-width:1020px){body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current-menu-item:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current_page_item:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-item-has-children:hover:before,body.small-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul .menu-item-has-children:before{color:#fff}body.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul ul:before{border-bottom-color:transparent}}@media screen and (min-width:1230px){body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus:before{color:#fff}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:focus:before{border-color:#fff}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before{background:0 0}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active:before{color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:hover:before,body.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:active:before{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}}body{background-color:#011947}mark,ins,button,input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit],a.button,a.button:visited,a.button-minimal:hover,a.button-minimal:focus,a.button-minimal:active,body:not(.small-screen) .menu-toggle.open:before,body:not(.small-screen) .search-toggle.open:before,.navigation-wrapper,.search-wrapper,.widget_nav_menu .dropdown-toggle:hover,.hero.with-featured-image,body[class*=front-page] .hero,#infinite-handle span,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current-menu-item>a,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li.current_page_item>a,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-primary>ul>li>a:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul li,.widget_akismet_widget .a-stats a{background-color:#011947}a,a.button-minimal,a.button-minimal:visited,.menu-toggle:focus,.search-toggle:focus,.primary-navigation .dropdown-toggle:hover,.footer-navigation a:hover,.footer-navigation a:focus,.footer-navigation a:active,.screen-reader-text:hover,.screen-reader-text:focus,.screen-reader-text:active,.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer a:focus,.site-footer a:active,.format-link .entry-title a:hover:after,.format-link .entry-title a:focus:after,.format-link .entry-title a:active:after,.entry-title a:hover,.entry-title a:focus,.entry-title a:active,.featured-page .entry-title a:hover,.featured-page .entry-title a:focus,.featured-page .entry-title a:active,.grid .entry-title a:hover,.grid .entry-title a:focus,.grid .entry-title a:active,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:hover,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:focus,#infinite-footer .blog-credits a:active,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:hover,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:focus,#infinite-footer .blog-info a:active,.small-screen .menu-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open,.medium-screen .menu-toggle:hover,.medium-screen .menu-toggle:active,.small-screen .search-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open,.medium-screen .search-toggle:hover,.medium-screen .search-toggle:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation .menu-item-has-children:before,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:active,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:hover,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:focus,.widget_goodreads div[class^=gr_custom_each_container] a:active,.testimonial-entry-title a:hover,.testimonial-entry-title a:focus,.testimonial-entry-title a:active{color:#011947}button,input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit],input[type=text]:focus,input[type=email]:focus,input[type=url]:focus,input[type=password]:focus,input[type=search]:focus,textarea:focus,a.button,a.button-minimal,a.button:visited,a.button-minimal:visited,a.button-minimal:hover,a.button-minimal:focus,a.button-minimal:active,#infinite-handle span,.small-screen .menu-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .menu-toggle.open:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:hover:before,.small-screen .search-toggle:active:before,.small-screen .search-toggle.open:before,#comments #respond #comment-form-comment.active,#comments #respond .comment-form-fields div.comment-form-input.active,.widget_akismet_widget .a-stats a{border-color:#011947}.search-wrapper .search-field{border-color:#004cdb}.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul ul:before,.rtl blockquote,body.rtl .hentry .wpcom-reblog-snapshot .reblogger-note-content blockquote{border-right-color:#011947}.footer-navigation a:hover,.footer-navigation a:focus,.footer-navigation a:active,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul:before,.large-screen.navigation-classic .primary-navigation ul ul li:last-of-type,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:hover,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:focus,.large-screen.navigation-classic .secondary-navigation a:active{border-bottom-color:#011947}blockquote,body .hentry .wpcom-reblog-snapshot .reblogger-note-content blockquote{border-left-color:#011947}</style> <style id="uagb-style-conditional-extension">@media (min-width: 1025px){body .uag-hide-desktop.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-desktop{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){body .uag-hide-tab.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-tab{display:none !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){body .uag-hide-mob.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-mob{display:none !important}}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-nlm_favicon-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">/* remove white space where featured image was */ .site-branding { display: none; } .hero { display: none; } /* make page titles shorter */ .page .hero.without-featured-image { padding: 30px 0; } /* wide width */ @media screen and (min-width: 1400px) { .no-sidebar .content-area { width:100%; } } /* don't remember what this one does */ .byline { display:none; } /* full-width, radial featured image */ .post-thumbnail img { display: block; margin: 0 auto; border-radius: 15px; width: 100%; } /* automatically indent lists */ .entry-content ul, .entry-content ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30px; } /* change menu's font size */ .primary-menu { font-size: 30px } /*alter maximum width in tablet view */ .single #primary, .page #primary, .archive #primary { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 1200px; width: 100%; } /* remove "Leave a comment" under Related Posts and keep "Leave a Reply" */ .post .comments-link{ display: none; } /* hide link underlines */ .entry-content a:not([class^="button"]), .page-content a:not([class^="button"]) { border-bottom: none; color: mediumblue; } .entry-content a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* change Jetpack related posts thumbnail size */ /*stillfiguringthisoneout*/ /*change size of headings for comments area */ /** X Thoughts on X **/ #comments #respond h3#reply-title { font-size: 17px; } /** Leave a Reply **/ #comments .comments-title { font-size: 17px; } /*Changes the size of caption font*/ figcaption { font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.25; }</style><style id="wtr_settings-dynamic-css" title="dynamic-css" class="redux-options-output">.wtr-time-wrap{color:#CCCCCC;font-size:16px;}</style> <script type='text/javascript'> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-77373749-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' === document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script>   <style> :root { --font-base: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; --font-headings: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; --font-input: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } body, #content, .entry-content, .post-content, .page-content, .post-excerpt, .entry-summary, .entry-excerpt, .widget-area, .widget, .sidebar, #sidebar, footer, .footer, #footer, .site-footer { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-title, .site-title, #site-title a, .site-title a, .entry-title, .entry-title a, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .widget-title, .elementor-heading-title { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } button, .button, input, select, textarea, .wp-block-button, .wp-block-button__link { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-title, .site-title, #site-title a, .site-title a, #site-logo, #site-logo a, #logo, #logo a, .logo, .logo a, .wp-block-site-title, .wp-block-site-title a { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #site-description, .site-description, #site-tagline, .site-tagline, .wp-block-site-tagline { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .menu, .page_item a, .menu-item a, .wp-block-navigation, .wp-block-navigation-item__content { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content, .entry-content p, .post-content, .page-content, .post-excerpt, .entry-summary, .entry-excerpt, .excerpt, .excerpt p, .type-post p, .type-page p, .wp-block-post-content, .wp-block-post-excerpt, .elementor, .elementor p { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .wp-block-post-title, .wp-block-post-title a, .entry-title, .entry-title a, .post-title, .post-title a, .page-title, .entry-content h1, #content h1, .type-post h1, .type-page h1, .elementor h1 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h2, .post-content h2, .page-content h2, #content h2, .type-post h2, .type-page h2, .elementor h2 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h3, .post-content h3, .page-content h3, #content h3, .type-post h3, .type-page h3, .elementor h3 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h4, .post-content h4, .page-content h4, #content h4, .type-post h4, .type-page h4, .elementor h4 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h5, .post-content h5, .page-content h5, #content h5, .type-post h5, .type-page h5, .elementor h5 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .entry-content h6, .post-content h6, .page-content h6, #content h6, .type-post h6, .type-page h6, .elementor h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } blockquote, .wp-block-quote, blockquote p, .wp-block-quote p { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .widget-title, .widget-area h1, .widget-area h2, .widget-area h3, .widget-area h4, .widget-area h5, .widget-area h6, #secondary h1, #secondary h2, #secondary h3, #secondary h4, #secondary h5, #secondary h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .widget-area, .widget, .sidebar, #sidebar, #secondary { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } footer h1, footer h2, footer h3, footer h4, footer h5, footer h6, .footer h1, .footer h2, .footer h3, .footer h4, .footer h5, .footer h6, #footer h1, #footer h2, #footer h3, #footer h4, #footer h5, #footer h6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } footer, #footer, .footer, .site-footer { font-family: Arial, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; } </style>  <style type="text/css"> </style> <style id="wpforms-css-vars-root"> :root { --wpforms-field-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-field-border-style: solid; --wpforms-field-border-size: 1px; --wpforms-field-background-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-field-border-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.25 ); --wpforms-field-border-color-spare: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.25 ); --wpforms-field-text-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.7 ); --wpforms-field-menu-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-label-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.85 ); --wpforms-label-sublabel-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.55 ); --wpforms-label-error-color: #d63637; --wpforms-button-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-button-border-style: none; --wpforms-button-border-size: 1px; --wpforms-button-background-color: #066aab; --wpforms-button-border-color: #066aab; --wpforms-button-text-color: #ffffff; --wpforms-page-break-color: #066aab; --wpforms-background-image: none; --wpforms-background-position: center center; --wpforms-background-repeat: no-repeat; --wpforms-background-size: cover; --wpforms-background-width: 100px; --wpforms-background-height: 100px; --wpforms-background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); --wpforms-background-url: none; --wpforms-container-padding: 0px; --wpforms-container-border-style: none; --wpforms-container-border-width: 1px; --wpforms-container-border-color: #000000; --wpforms-container-border-radius: 3px; --wpforms-field-size-input-height: 43px; --wpforms-field-size-input-spacing: 15px; --wpforms-field-size-font-size: 16px; --wpforms-field-size-line-height: 19px; --wpforms-field-size-padding-h: 14px; --wpforms-field-size-checkbox-size: 16px; --wpforms-field-size-sublabel-spacing: 5px; --wpforms-field-size-icon-size: 1; --wpforms-label-size-font-size: 16px; --wpforms-label-size-line-height: 19px; --wpforms-label-size-sublabel-font-size: 14px; --wpforms-label-size-sublabel-line-height: 17px; --wpforms-button-size-font-size: 17px; --wpforms-button-size-height: 41px; --wpforms-button-size-padding-h: 15px; --wpforms-button-size-margin-top: 10px; --wpforms-container-shadow-size-box-shadow: none; } </style></head> <body class="archive tag tag-medical-sharing tag-220567 custom-background postx-page edin group-blog has-custom-background has-footer-navigation navigation-classic no-sidebar custom-colors tags-hidden elementor-default elementor-kit-7624"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" class="header-image" rel="home"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/musings_refreshed_header_STEVE_yellow_glow.png" width="2000" height="450" alt=""> </a> <div class="header-wrapper clear"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" class="site-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/" rel="home">NLM Musings from the Mezzanine</a></p> <p class="site-description">Innovations in Health Information from the National Library of Medicine</p> </div> <div id="site-navigation" class="header-navigation"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button> <div class="navigation-wrapper clear"> <nav class="secondary-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary"><ul id="menu-social" class="clear"><li id="menu-item-8134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-8134"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8477"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8141"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">National Library of Medicine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8136"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine/">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8139"><a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/NLM_NIH">X</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8140" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8140"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH/featured">YouTube</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="hero without-featured-image"> <div class="hero-wrapper"> <h1 class="page-title"> medical sharing </h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper clear"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-6704" class="post-6704 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-science-at-nlm tag-biological-research tag-biomedical-research tag-challenge tag-challenge-gov tag-covid tag-covid-treatment tag-covid-vaccines tag-covid-19 tag-covid-19-treatment tag-covid-19-vaccines tag-cross-post tag-data-management-and-sharing-policy tag-data-sharing tag-dataworks tag-dataworks-challenge tag-dataworks-prize tag-extramural-research tag-faseb tag-federation-of-american-societies-for-experimental-biology tag-guest-post tag-medical-research tag-medical-sharing tag-medical-society tag-medical-students tag-national-institutes-of-health tag-nih tag-nih-data-management-and-sharing-policy tag-nih-odss tag-nih-office-of-data-science-strategy tag-odss tag-research-society tag-sars-co-v-2 tag-science tag-scientific-discovery tag-scientific-impact tag-sharing-nih-gov tag-susan-gregurick tag-vaccines"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" rel="bookmark">Building a Culture of Data Sharing and Reuse</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-07T11:00:00-04:00">June 7, 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-01-17T13:17:32-05:00">January 17, 2023</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/author/nlmguestauthor/">Guest Author</a></span></span> </div> </header> <a class="post-thumbnail" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/"> <img width="648" height="262" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png" class="attachment-edin-featured-image size-edin-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png 2000w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-400x162.png 400w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1024x414.png 1024w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-200x81.png 200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-768x310.png 768w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1536x621.png 1536w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1200x485.png 1200w, https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-866x350.png 866w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" data-attachment-id="6707" data-permalink="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/dataworks2/" data-orig-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2.png" data-orig-size="2000,808" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="DataWorks2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-400x162.png" data-large-file="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DataWorks2-1024x414.png" /> </a> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This guest blog post is by Susan Gregurick, PhD, Associate Director for Data Science and Director for the Office of Data Science Strategy, NIH. It was originally posted on June 6 in the NIH Office of Extramural Research Open Mike blog. We encourage you to learn more about DataWorks! Prize by visiting Challenge.gov. Participants must … <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Building a Culture of Data Sharing and Reuse</span></a></p><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-119132960-6704-67430d33eacba' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.1-a.3#blog_id=119132960&post_id=6704&origin=nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov&obj_id=119132960-6704-67430d33eacba&n=1' data-name='like-post-frame-119132960-6704-67430d33eacba' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/category/nlm-services/data-science-at-nlm/" rel="category tag">Data Science at NLM</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/biological-research/" rel="tag">biological research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/biomedical-research/" rel="tag">biomedical research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/challenge/" rel="tag">Challenge</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/challenge-gov/" rel="tag">Challenge.gov</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid/" rel="tag">COVID</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-treatment/" rel="tag">COVID treatment</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-vaccines/" rel="tag">COVID vaccines</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19/" rel="tag">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19-treatment/" rel="tag">COVID-19 treatment</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19-vaccines/" rel="tag">COVID-19 vaccines</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/cross-post/" rel="tag">cross post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/data-management-and-sharing-policy/" rel="tag">Data Management and Sharing Policy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/data-sharing/" rel="tag">data sharing</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks/" rel="tag">DataWorks!</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks-challenge/" rel="tag">DataWorks! Challenge</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/dataworks-prize/" rel="tag">DataWorks! Prize</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/extramural-research/" rel="tag">extramural research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/faseb/" rel="tag">FASEB</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/federation-of-american-societies-for-experimental-biology/" rel="tag">Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/guest-post/" rel="tag">guest post</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-research/" rel="tag">medical research</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-sharing/" rel="tag">medical sharing</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-society/" rel="tag">medical society</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medical-students/" rel="tag">medical students</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/national-institutes-of-health/" rel="tag">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih/" rel="tag">NIH</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-data-management-and-sharing-policy/" rel="tag">NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-odss/" rel="tag">NIH ODSS</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih-office-of-data-science-strategy/" rel="tag">NIH Office of Data Science Strategy</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/odss/" rel="tag">ODSS</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/research-society/" rel="tag">research society</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/sars-co-v-2/" rel="tag">SARS Co-V-2</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/science/" rel="tag">science</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/scientific-discovery/" rel="tag">scientific discovery</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/scientific-impact/" rel="tag">scientific impact</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/sharing-nih-gov/" rel="tag">sharing.nih.gov</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/susan-gregurick/" rel="tag">Susan Gregurick</a>, <a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/tag/vaccines/" rel="tag">vaccines</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2022/06/07/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tertiary" class="footer-widget-area" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widget-wrapper clear"> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p>National Library of Medicine<br>8600 Rockville Pike<br>Bethesda, MD 20894</p> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" target="_blank">Web Policies<br></a><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" target="_blank">FOIA</a><br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center uag-hide-mob"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NLM</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NIH</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/" target="_blank">HHS</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.usa.gov/" target="_blank">USA.gov</a></p> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget"> <aside id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-right"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/?from=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/&_gl=1*dbpp8x*_ga*NjQ1MTU1NjgyLjE2NjUxNDU0NzI.*_ga_P1FPTH9PL4*MTY2OTE0Nzg3Mi42MC4xLjE2NjkxNDgyNDcuMC4wLjA." target="_blank">NLM Support Center<br></a><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" target="_blank">Accessibility</a><br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/jobopenings.html" target="_blank">Careers</a></p> </aside><aside id="block-6" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-text-align-center uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab"><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NLM</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">NIH</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.hhs.gov/" target="_blank">HHS</a> | <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.usa.gov/" target="_blank">USA.gov</a></p> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-wrapper clear"> <div class="site-info"> </div> <nav class="footer-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="menu-social-2-container"><ul id="menu-social-2" class="clear"><li id="menu-item-8144" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8144"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine/">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8145" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8145"><a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/NLM_NIH">X</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8146"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH">YouTube</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </footer> </div>  <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"woo_active":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="atomic" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?m=202447"></script> <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_44 a2a_floating_style a2a_vertical_style" style="left:0px;top:300px;background-color:transparent"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook_messenger?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Messenger" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_print" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/print?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Print" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_20 a2a_floating_style a2a_default_style" style="bottom:0px;left:0px;background-color:#011947"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook_messenger?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Messenger" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_print" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/print?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2Ftag%2Fmedical-sharing%2F&linkname=medical%20sharing%20%20NLM%20Musings%20from%20the%20Mezzanine" title="Print" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" id="essential-blocks-blocks-localize-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var eb_conditional_localize = []; var EssentialBlocksLocalize = {"eb_plugins_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/","image_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/assets\/images","eb_wp_version":"6.7","eb_version":"5.0.9","eb_admin_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/","rest_rootURL":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/","ajax_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nft_nonce":"f554c9d702","post_grid_pagination_nonce":"efb580a30d","placeholder_image":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-blocks\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png","is_pro_active":"false","upgrade_pro_url":"https:\/\/essential-blocks.com\/upgrade","responsiveBreakpoints":{"tablet":1024,"mobile":767}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="coblocks-tinyswiper-initializer-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var coblocksTinyswiper = {"carouselPrevButtonAriaLabel":"Previous","carouselNextButtonAriaLabel":"Next","sliderImageAriaLabel":"Image"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pt-cv-content-views-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PT_CV_PUBLIC = {"_prefix":"pt-cv-","page_to_show":"5","_nonce":"d54c009ee7","is_admin":"","is_mobile":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","lang":"","loading_image_src":"data:image\/gif;base64,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"}; var PT_CV_PAGINATION = {"first":"\u00ab","prev":"\u2039","next":"\u203a","last":"\u00bb","goto_first":"Go to first page","goto_prev":"Go to previous page","goto_next":"Go to next page","goto_last":"Go to last page","current_page":"Current page is","goto_page":"Go to page"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="edin-navigation-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var screen_reader_text = {"expand":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">expand child menu<\/span>","collapse":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">collapse child menu<\/span>"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="edin-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var screen_reader_text = {"expand":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">expand child menu<\/span>","collapse":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">collapse child menu<\/span>"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/jetpack\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"82285a4807","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov%2F2022%2F06%2F07%2Fbuilding-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse%2F","blog_id":"1","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-eJytUu1OhTAMfSF7J95c/WV8FDO2XiiMbq4DxKd3i5AYFKOJf7b0tOf0cw5gPCfkpIIbG2JRKJJN0g5q500vSmcgieqyq14xyK929IanTm7mrxqrDRPhLPAyYlxAswVLEpxeIHhJEHSDmzghXOlVtWlwF2lpOg3E/6wdUYJne6i6dptlUul1A7I2DTqRP65nx5yQrY+iEvECMlPA+OekhftBBWIq28jDPpb57UTCWDsynzZqpgPN2cfUQmoRImpbQue0z5+9A+arsMQlgPVEzXeT2sVJTwEccQ9Xb0Ypy/mZUP6DMjtMQZtePRMbVY/krDI6+lHQbT7YgPWmnobH6uF8V52r2/vLO9tEI+0='></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.3.2" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var elementskit = { resturl: 'https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="eael-general-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f2199333eb","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/2022\/06\/07\/building-a-culture-of-data-sharing-and-reuse\/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-eJx1jsEOwjAMQ3+ILpoQjAviU1Bps5Gty0qT0t+nQ70hbrYl269E4zZWZIUY8kQsgAHX6mUhNYEUoZCfUAWIScGK7HqWFhtxiaJKN8uh/I7NqNG6Be7EDh6ZgodACwq8MmZ8WvYBU7cS/+ljvWMlG4z1fmMx45ZMI6zqy9eQxlS7BtnvcG/CAhMyJhva/G299sOxvwz95XT+AKyBXXo='></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"119132960\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\",\"hp\":\"atomic\",\"ac\":\"2\",\"amp\":\"0\",\"j\":\"1:14.1-a.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "119132960", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ivory-search-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var IvorySearchVars = {"is_analytics_enabled":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/js/ivory-search.min.js?m=1725305452'></script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241124#ver=20241124&n=1' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> </body> </html>