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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Sarum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Old Sarum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Sarum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Sarum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Sarum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 New Sarum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Sarum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 20th and 21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Areas_and_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_and_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Areas and suburbs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_and_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Salisbury_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Salisbury_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 The Salisbury Museum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Salisbury_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Churches </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Churches-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Churches subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Medieval </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sport and leisure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Born_before_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Born_before_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Born before 1900 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Born_before_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Since 1900 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Military Units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Salisbury</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" > 80 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AA" title="ሳልዝብሪ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳልዝብሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searoburg" title="Searoburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Searoburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="سالزبوري (إنجلترا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سالزبوري (إنجلترا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solsberi" title="Solsberi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Solsberi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Солсберы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Солсберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Солсбэры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Солсбэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Солсбъри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Солсбъри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Солсбери – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Солсбери" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_(kapital_sa_distrito)" title="Salisbury (kapital sa distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Salisbury (kapital sa distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caersallog" title="Caersallog – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caersallog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Σόλσμπερι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σόλσμπερι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سالزبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالزبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Salisbury (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salisbury (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" title="Salisbury (Ingelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Salisbury (Ingelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%94%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="솔즈베리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="솔즈베리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_(%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Սոլսբերի (Անգլիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոլսբերի (Անգլիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury,_Inggris" title="Salisbury, Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salisbury, Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Солсбери – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Солсбери" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99" title="סולסברי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולסברי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury,_Inggris" title="Salisbury, Inggris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Salisbury, Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsallek" title="Karsallek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karsallek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarisberia" title="Sarisberia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sarisberia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solsberi" title="Solsberi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Solsberi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solsberis" title="Solsberis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Solsberis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_(Anglia)" title="Salisbury (Anglia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salisbury (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="सॉल्झब्री – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सॉल्झब्री" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="سولسبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سولسبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سالزبری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سالزبری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯁꯥꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Salisbury (Verenigd Koninkrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salisbury (Verenigd Koninkrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ソールズベリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソールズベリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesbire" title="Salesbire – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Salesbire" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سالسبری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سالسبری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Солсбери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солсбери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Солсбери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Солсбери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ซอลส์บรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซอลส์บรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Солсбері – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солсбері" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سالسبری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سالسبری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C" title="索尔兹伯里 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="索尔兹伯里" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B3%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9" title="梳士巴利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梳士巴利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Salisbury" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%B2%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C" title="索爾茲伯里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索爾茲伯里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Salisbury&params=51.07_N_1.79_W_type:city(50000)_region:GB-WIL">51°04′N 1°47′W / 51.07°N 1.79°W / 51.07; -1.79</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cathedral city in Wiltshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Salisbury (disambiguation)">Salisbury (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Solsbury_Hill" title="Solsbury Hill">Solsbury Hill</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Salisbury</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of cities in the United Kingdom">City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg/240px-Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg/360px-Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg/480px-Salisbury_Cathedral_from_Old_George_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><div><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a> from the Old George Mall in July 2016</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salisbury is located in Wiltshire"><img alt="Salisbury is located in Wiltshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Wiltshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1266" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.25%;left:58.095%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Salisbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Salisbury</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">41,820 (2021 Census)<a href="#cite_note-bua2011-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=51.073647~-1.794412&lvl=13&sp=Point.51.073647_-1.794412_Salisbury&sty=s&style=s">SU145305</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">78 miles (126 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Salisbury</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire Council</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SALISBURY</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SP_postcode_area" title="SP postcode area">SP1, SP2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01722</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Police" title="Wiltshire Police">Wiltshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dorset_%26_Wiltshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service">Dorset and Wiltshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Ambulance_Service" title="South Western Ambulance Service">South Western</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Salisbury</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk">salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Wiltshire" title="List of places in Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Salisbury&params=51.07_N_1.79_W_type:city(50000)_region:GB-WIL">51°04′N 1°47′W / 51.07°N 1.79°W / 51.07; -1.79</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Salisbury (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɔːlzbəri/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SAWLZ-bər-ee</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>locally <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɔːzbəri/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SAWZ-bər-ee</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">cathedral city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, England with a population of 41,820,<a href="#cite_note-bua2011-1">[1]</a> at the confluence of the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Avon</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">Nadder</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Bourne,_Wiltshire" title="River Bourne, Wiltshire">Bourne</a>. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>. Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a>. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Cathedral" title="Old Sarum Cathedral">Old Sarum</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">new cathedral</a> was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until <a href="/wiki/2009_structural_changes_to_local_government_in_England" title="2009 structural changes to local government in England">2009</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_City_Council" title="Salisbury City Council">Salisbury City Council</a> was established. <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_railway_station" title="Salisbury railway station">Salisbury railway station</a> is an interchange between the <a href="/wiki/West_of_England_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="West of England Main Line">West of England Main Line</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wessex_Main_Line" title="Wessex Main Line">Wessex Main Line</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> Cair-Caratauc, one of 28 cities of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Britons">Ancient Britons</a> listed in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Britons">History of the Britons</a> (9th century), has been identified with Salisbury.<a href="#cite_note-mommy-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-shusher-3">[3]</a> Alternative names for the city, in the Welsh <a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Chronicle of the Britons</a> (12th century) were Caer-Caradog, Caer-Gradawc, and Caer-Wallawg.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> By the Roman era, the name had become Sorbiodūnum; the first part was of unknown origin, although the <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Brittonic</a> suffix -dūnon meant "fortress". The name first recorded during the Anglo-Saxon era was Searoburg (<a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a> Searobyrig), around the end of the 9th century. This was a partial <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> of the Roman name, with burg being the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word for "fort". <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> Sarisberie was abbreviated as Sar, which in turn gave rise to the latinization "Sarum".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Sarum">Old Sarum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Sarum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Cathedral" title="Old Sarum Cathedral">Old Sarum Cathedral</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Castle" title="Old Sarum Castle">Old Sarum Castle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg/220px-Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg/330px-Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg/440px-Old_Sarum_Model_from_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption>A reconstruction of Old Sarum in the 12th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg/220px-Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg/330px-Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg/440px-Salisbury_from_old_Sarum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Salisbury viewed from Old Sarum</figcaption></figure> The hilltop at <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a> lies near the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic</a> sites of <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a> and shows some signs of early settlement.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It commanded a <a href="/wiki/Salient_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salient (territory)">salient</a> between the <a href="/wiki/River_Bourne,_Wiltshire" title="River Bourne, Wiltshire">River Bourne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Avon</a>, near a crossroads of several early trade routes.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, sometime between 600 and 300 BC, a <a href="/wiki/British_hillforts" class="mw-redirect" title="British hillforts">hillfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a>) was constructed around it.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">Romans</a> may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_invasions_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon invasions of Britain">Saxon invasions</a>, Old Sarum fell to <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Wessex">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Cynric_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynric of Wessex">Cynric of Wessex</a> in 552.<a href="#cite_note-Leeds-10">[10]</a> Preferring settlements in bottomland, such as nearby <a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a>, the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the <a href="/wiki/Viking_invasions_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking invasions of England">Viking invasions</a> led <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English kings">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred</a> (King of Wessex from 871 to 899) to restore its fortifications.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish kings">Dano</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian kings">Norwegian king</a> <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> in 1003.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> It subsequently became the site of Wilton's <a href="/wiki/Royal_mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal mint">mint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">Norman invasion</a> of 1066, a <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">motte-and-bailey castle</a> was constructed by 1070.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> The castle was held directly by the Norman kings; its <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a> was generally also the <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Wiltshire" title="High Sheriff of Wiltshire">sheriff of Wiltshire</a>. In 1075 the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_London_in_1075" title="Council of London in 1075">Council of London</a> established <a href="/wiki/Herman_(bishop_of_Salisbury)" title="Herman (bishop of Salisbury)">Herman</a> as the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Salisbury" title="Bishop of Salisbury">bishop of Salisbury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bho-12">[12]</a> uniting his former sees of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Sherborne" title="Bishop of Sherborne">Sherborne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ramsbury" title="Bishop of Ramsbury">Ramsbury</a> into a single diocese which covered the <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English counties">counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, Wiltshire, and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>. In 1055, Herman had planned to move his seat to <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury" title="Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Abbey" title="Malmesbury Abbey">its monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_Godwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Godwin">Earl Godwin</a> objected.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Herman and his successor, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Osmund" title="Saint Osmund">Saint Osmund</a>, began the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Cathedral" title="Old Sarum Cathedral">first Salisbury cathedral</a>, though neither lived to see its completion in 1092.<a href="#cite_note-bho-12">[12]</a> Osmund served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norman_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman England">England</a> (in office <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1070–1078); he was responsible for the codification of the <a href="/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarum Rite">Sarum Rite</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> the compilation of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>, which was probably presented to William at Old Sarum,<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> and, after centuries of advocacy from Salisbury's bishops, was finally canonised by <a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Callixtus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Callixtus III">Callixtus III</a> in 1457.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Cathedral" title="Old Sarum Cathedral">cathedral</a> was <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Salisbury" title="Roger of Salisbury">Bishop Roger</a> was a close ally of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> (reigned 1100–1135): he served as viceroy during the king's absence in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a><a href="#cite_note-rogereb-18">[18]</a> and directed, along with his extended family, the royal administration and <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">exchequer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> He refurbished and expanded Old Sarum's cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a royal palace during the 1130s, prior to his arrest by Henry's successor, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen of England">Stephen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rogereb-18">[18]</a> After this arrest, the castle at Old Sarum was allowed to fall into disrepair, but the sheriff and castellan continued to administer the area under the king's authority.<a href="#cite_note-storytime-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Sarum">New Sarum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Sarum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg/170px-Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg/255px-Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg/340px-Salisbury_Cathedral_West_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>The Great West Front of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg/170px-Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg/255px-Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg/340px-Louise_Rayner_Minster_Street_Salisbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3480" /></a><figcaption>Minster Street, c. 1870</figcaption></figure> Bishop of Salisbury <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a> was instrumental in the negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>, but he spent little time in his diocese prior to his elevation to <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timetimetime-21">[21]</a> The brothers <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Poore" title="Herbert Poore">Herbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Poore" title="Richard Poore">Richard Poore</a> succeeded him and began planning the relocation of the cathedral into the valley almost immediately. Their plans were approved by <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English kings">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Lion-hearted" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard the Lion-hearted">Richard I</a> but repeatedly delayed: Herbert was first forced into exile in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> in the 1190s by the hostility of his archbishop <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Walter</a> and then again to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> in the 1210s owing to royal hostility following the <a href="/wiki/Interdiction#England" title="Interdiction">papal interdiction</a> against <a href="/wiki/John_Lackland" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lackland">King John</a>. The secular authorities were particularly incensed, according to tradition, owing to some of the clerics debauching the castellan's female relations.<a href="#cite_note-storytime-20">[20]</a> In the end, the clerics were refused permission to reenter the city walls following their <a href="/wiki/Rogation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogation">rogations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">processions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lele-22">[22]</a> This caused <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Blois" title="Peter of Blois">Peter of Blois</a> to describe the church as "a captive within the walls of the citadel like the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Ark of God">ark of God</a> in the profane house of <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>". He advocated <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Let us descend into the plain! There are rich fields and fertile valleys abounding in the fruits of the earth and watered by the living stream. There is a seat for the Virgin Patroness of our church to which the world cannot produce a parallel.<a href="#cite_note-review-23">[23]</a> </blockquote> Herbert Poore's successor and brother Richard Poore eventually moved the cathedral to a <a href="/wiki/New_town#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="New town">new town</a> on his estate at Veteres Sarisberias ("Old Salisburies") in 1220. The site was at "Myrifield" ("Merryfield"),<a href="#cite_note-leddy-24">[24]</a> a meadow near the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">River Nadder</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Avon</a>. It was first known as "New Sarum"<a href="#cite_note-review-23">[23]</a> or New Saresbyri.<a href="#cite_note-lele-22">[22]</a> The town was laid out on a <a href="/wiki/Grid_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid pattern">grid</a>. Work on the new cathedral building, the present Salisbury Cathedral, began in 1221. The site was supposedly established by shooting an arrow from Old Sarum, although this is certainly a legend: the distance is over three kilometres (2 mi). The legend is sometimes amended to claim that the arrow struck a white deer, which continued to run and died on the spot where the cathedral now rests. The structure was built upon wooden faggots on a gravel bed with unusually shallow foundations of 18 in (45 cm) and the main body was completed in only 38 years. The 123 m or 404 ft tall spire, the tallest in the UK, was built later. With royal approval, many of the stones for the new cathedral were taken from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Cathedral" title="Old Sarum Cathedral">old one</a>; others came from <a href="/wiki/Chilmark_Quarries" title="Chilmark Quarries">Chilmark</a>. They were probably transported by ox-cart, owing to the obstruction to boats on the <a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">River Nadder</a> caused by its many weirs and watermills. The cathedral is considered a masterpiece of <a href="/wiki/Early_English_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early English Period">Early English architecture</a>. The spire's <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral_clock" title="Salisbury Cathedral clock">large clock</a> was installed in 1386, and is one of the oldest surviving mechanical clocks in the world.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The cathedral also contains the best-preserved of the four surviving copies of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>. New Sarum was made a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of cities in the United Kingdom">city</a> by a charter from <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English kings">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> in 1227<a href="#cite_note-easty-26">[26]</a> and, by the 14th century, was the largest settlement in Wiltshire. The city wall surrounds the Close and was built in the 14th century, again with stones removed from the former cathedral at Old Sarum. The wall now has five gates: the High Street Gate, St Ann's Gate, the Queen's Gate, and St Nicholas's Gate were original, while a fifth was constructed in the 19th century to allow access to Bishop Wordsworth's School, in the Cathedral Close. During his time in the city, the composer <a href="/wiki/Handel" class="mw-redirect" title="Handel">Handel</a> stayed in a room above St Ann's gate. The original site of the city at Old Sarum, meanwhile, fell into disuse. It continued as a <a href="/wiki/Rotten_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotten borough">rotten borough</a>: at the time of its abolition during the reforms of 1832, its <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) represented three households. In May 1289, there was uncertainty about the future of <a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret, Maid of Norway</a>, and her father sent ambassadors to <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a>. Edward met <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a> and others at Salisbury in October 1289, which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Salisbury_(1289)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Salisbury (1289)">Treaty of Salisbury</a>, under which Margaret would be sent to Scotland before 1 November 1290 and any agreement on her future marriage would be delayed until she was in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> met at New Sarum in the years 1324, 1328, and 1384.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1450, a number of riots broke out in Salisbury at roughly the same time as <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cade" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Cade">Jack Cade</a> led a famous rebellion through London. The riots occurred for related reasons, although the declining fortunes of Salisbury's cloth trade may also have been influential. The violence peaked with the murder of the bishop, <a href="/wiki/William_Ayscough" title="William Ayscough">William Ayscough</a>, who had been involved with the government. In 1483, a large-scale rebellion against <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> broke out, led by his own 'kingmaker', <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham</a>. After the revolt collapsed, Buckingham was executed at Salisbury, near the Bull's Head Inn. An <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">act of Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_Navigation_(Christchurch_to_New_Sarum)_Act_1664" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon Navigation (Christchurch to New Sarum) Act 1664">River Avon Navigation (Christchurch to New Sarum) Act 1664</a> (<a href="/wiki/16_%26_17_Cha._2" class="mw-redirect" title="16 & 17 Cha. 2">16 & 17 Cha. 2</a>. c. 12) was passed on 2 March 1665 for making the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">River Avon</a> navigable from <a href="/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset">Christchurch</a> to the city of New Sarum. and the work completed, only for the project to be ruined shortly thereafter by a major flood.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Soon after, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> held court in Salisbury's cathedral close. Salisbury was the site chosen to assemble <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>'s forces to resist the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>. He arrived to lead his approximately 19 000 men on 19 November 1688. His troops were not keen to fight Mary or her husband William, and the loyalty of many of James's commanders was in doubt. The first blood was shed at the <a href="/wiki/Wincanton_Skirmish" title="Wincanton Skirmish">Wincanton Skirmish</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>. In Salisbury, James heard that some of his officers had deserted, such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_3rd_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde</a>, and he broke out in a nosebleed, which he took as an omen that he should retreat. His commander in chief, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Duras,_2nd_Earl_of_Feversham" title="Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham">Earl of Feversham</a>, advised retreat on 23 November, and the next day <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill</a> defected to William. On 26 November, James's own daughter, <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Princess Anne</a>, did the same, and James returned to London the same day, never again to be at the head of a serious military force in England.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg/220px-Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg/330px-Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg/440px-Secret_Spitfires_Memorial_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Secret Spitfire Memorial, view from the south</figcaption></figure> Following the destruction by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> of the Southampton factories building <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfires</a> in 1940, production was dispersed to <a href="/wiki/Shadow_factories" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow factories">shadow factories</a> elsewhere in the south of England. Salisbury was the major centre of production, supplemented by <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge" title="Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>. Several factories were set up in the centre of Salisbury and staffed by predominantly young women who had no previous mechanical experience but were trained for specific tasks in the aircraft construction process. Supporting the factories were many workers producing small components in home-based workshops and garden sheds. Sub-assemblies were built in the city centre factories and then transported to <a href="/wiki/RAF_High_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF High Post">High Post</a> airfield (north of the city, in Durnford parish) and Chattis Hill<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> (northeast, near <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Hampshire" title="Stockbridge, Hampshire">Stockbridge</a>), where the aircraft were assembled, test flown and then distributed to <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> airfields across England. A total of over 2000 Spitfires were produced. The whole process was carried out in secret without the knowledge of even the local people and only emerged into public knowledge after the production of a film describing the whole process.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In July 2021 a memorial to the workers, in the form of a life-size fibreglass model Mk IX Spitfire, was unveiled in Castle Road, Salisbury (near the rugby club) on the site of one of the factories.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a>, held in London, a relay of runners carried the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Flame" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Flame">Olympic Flame</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a>, where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a> via <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>, Salisbury, and <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 1972 <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act</a> eliminated the administration of the City of New Sarum under its former charters, but its successor, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltshire County Council">Wiltshire County</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_District" title="Salisbury District">Salisbury District</a>, continued to be accorded its former city status. The name was finally formally amended from "New Sarum" to "Salisbury" during the <a href="/wiki/2009_structural_changes_to_local_government_in_England" title="2009 structural changes to local government in England">2009 changes</a> occasioned by the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Act 1992">Local Government Act</a>, which established the Salisbury City Council. On 4 March 2018, former Russian double agent <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Skripal" title="Sergei Skripal">Sergei Skripal</a> and his daughter, Yulia Skripal, were <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">poisoned in Salisbury</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Novichok" title="Novichok">Novichok</a> nerve agent.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Guildhall_(geograph_2437520).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg/220px-The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg/330px-The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg/440px-The_Guildhall_%28geograph_2437520%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Guildhall" title="Salisbury Guildhall">Salisbury Guildhall</a>, completed in 1795, is now the meeting place of the City Council.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_City_Council" title="Salisbury City Council">Salisbury City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire Council</a></div> Salisbury is within the county of <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, and the administrative district of the same name. For local government purposes, it is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire Council</a> unitary authority. Salisbury forms a civil parish with a parish council known as the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_City_Council" title="Salisbury City Council">Salisbury City Council</a>. Since the local boundary review of 2020, two <a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">electoral wards</a> – St Edmund and Harnham East – cover the city centre within the <a href="/wiki/A36_road" title="A36 road">A36 ring road</a>, and the rest of the unitary and city council areas are covered by six further wards. <a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Laverstock and Ford</a> parish council has the same boundary as the Laverstock ward, as well as part of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a> and Upper Bourne Valley ward, at unitary level.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The Bishopdown Farm estate on the outskirts of Salisbury is now part of Laverstock and Ford, joining Hampton Park and Riverdown Park. Prior to 2009, Salisbury was part of the now-abolished non-metropolitan county of Wiltshire. It was governed by <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltshire County Council">Wiltshire County Council</a> at the county level and <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_District" title="Salisbury District">Salisbury District</a> Council, which oversaw most of south Wiltshire as well as the city. Salisbury (previously officially New Sarum) has had city status since time immemorial. The Member of Parliament for the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Salisbury constituency</a>, which includes the city, <a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a>, Old Sarum, <a href="/wiki/Laverstock" title="Laverstock">Laverstock</a> and surrounding rural areas, is <a href="/wiki/John_Glen_(politician)" title="John Glen (politician)">John Glen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>),<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> who was first elected in 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> Salisbury is approximately halfway between Exeter and London being 80 miles (128 km) east-northeast of <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, 78 miles (126 km) west-southwest of London and also 34 miles (55 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>, 20 miles (32 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> and 32 miles (51 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_Gardens_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth Gardens, showing part of the River Avon diverted through the gardens</figcaption></figure> The geology of the area, as with much of South Wiltshire and <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, is largely chalk. The rivers which flow through the city have been redirected, and along with landscaping, have been used to feed into public gardens. They are popular in the summer, particularly in Queen Elizabeth Gardens, as the water there is shallow and slow-flowing enough to enter safely. Because of the low-lying land, the rivers are prone to flooding, particularly during the winter months. The Town Path, a walkway that links <a href="/wiki/Harnham" title="Harnham">Harnham</a> with the rest of the city, is at times impassable. <a href="/wiki/Water-meadow" title="Water-meadow">Water-meadows</a> at Harnham, fed by two branches of the <a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">River Nadder</a>, are first documented in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Harnham_Meadows" title="East Harnham Meadows">East Harnham Meadows</a>, in the floodplain of the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Avon</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> There are civil airfields at <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Airfield" title="Old Sarum Airfield">Old Sarum</a> (where the experimental aircraft the <a href="/wiki/Edgley_Optica" title="Edgley Optica">Edgley Optica</a> was developed and tested) and at <a href="/wiki/Thruxton,_Hampshire" title="Thruxton, Hampshire">Thruxton</a> near <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Areas_and_suburbs">Areas and suburbs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Areas and suburbs">edit</a>]</div> Salisbury has many areas and suburbs, most of them being former villages that were absorbed by the growth of the city. The boundaries of these areas are for the most part unofficial and not fixed. All of these suburbs are within Salisbury's ONS Urban Area, which had a population of 44,748 in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> However, not all of these suburbs are administered by the city council, and are therefore not within the eight wards that had a combined population of 40,302 in 2011. Two parishes are part of the urban area but outside Salisbury parish. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bemerton" title="Bemerton">Bemerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemerton" title="Bemerton">Lower Bemerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemerton" title="Bemerton">Bemerton</a> Heath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Hampton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Laverstock and Ford</a> (outside city council area)</li> <li>City Centre</li> <li>Churchfields</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Harnham" class="mw-redirect" title="East Harnham">East Harnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Harnham" class="mw-redirect" title="West Harnham">West Harnham</a></li> <li>Harnham Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-sub-Castle" title="Stratford-sub-Castle">Stratford-sub-Castle</a></li> <li>St Paul's</li> <li>St Francis</li> <li>Fisherton</li> <li>St Mark's</li> <li>Bishopdown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Milford, Wiltshire">Milford</a></li> <li>St Edmund</li> <li>Petersfinger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherhampton" title="Netherhampton">Netherhampton</a> (outside city council area)</li> <li>Paul's Dene</li> <li>Friary Estate (formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Bugmore" title="Bugmore">Bugmore</a>)</li> <li>St Martin's</li></ul> </div> Surrounding parishes, villages and towns rely on Salisbury for some services. The following are within a 4-mile radius of the city centre and are listed in approximately clockwise order: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britford" title="Britford">Britford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odstock" title="Odstock">Odstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidhampton,_Wiltshire" title="Quidhampton, Wiltshire">Quidhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunton" title="Nunton">Nunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homington" class="mw-redirect" title="Homington">Homington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Durnford" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Durnford">Little Durnford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugglestone_St_Peter" title="Fugglestone St Peter">Fugglestone St Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alderbury" title="Alderbury">Alderbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodenham,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodenham, Wiltshire">Bodenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downton,_Wiltshire" title="Downton, Wiltshire">Downton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton-All-Saints" title="Charlton-All-Saints">Charlton All Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditchampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ditchampton">Ditchampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulbridge">Bulbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coombe_Bissett" title="Coombe Bissett">Coombe Bissett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugford">Ugford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Newton,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="South Newton, Wiltshire">South Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Earls" title="Winterbourne Earls">Winterbourne Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Gunner" title="Winterbourne Gunner">Winterbourne Gunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Dauntsey" title="Winterbourne Dauntsey">Winterbourne Dauntsey</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parish</a> of Salisbury, which does not include some of the city's suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Laverstock, Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britford" title="Britford">Britford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netherhampton" title="Netherhampton">Netherhampton</a>, had a population of 40,302 at the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zone">urban zone</a>, which contains the wards immediately surrounding the city, had a population of 62,216 at the 2011 Census.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The wards included in this figure are <a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Laverstock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britford" title="Britford">Britford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downton,_Wiltshire" title="Downton, Wiltshire">Downton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alderbury" title="Alderbury">Alderbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odstock" title="Odstock">Odstock</a> and the neighbouring town of <a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a>, among others, however it does not include the towns of <a href="/wiki/Amesbury" title="Amesbury">Amesbury</a> or <a href="/wiki/Romsey" title="Romsey">Romsey</a>, as these support their own local populations and are further afield. At the 2011 census the population of the civil parish was 95.73% white (91.00% <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>), 2.48% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a> (0.74% <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">Indian</a>, 0.41% <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a>, 0.40% <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a>), 0.45% black and 1.15% mixed race. Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> There is not much contrast between areas when it comes to ethnic diversity. The ward of St Edmund and Milford is the most multiethnic, with 86.0% of the population being White British.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The least multiethnic is the ward of St Francis and Stratford, which contains suburbs in the north of the city, with 94.8% of the population being White British.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The city is represented by six other wards. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Ethnic Groups, 2011 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Salisbury CP<a href="#cite_note-2011census-42">[42]</a></th> <th>Salisbury UA<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></th> <th>Wiltshire </th></tr> <tr> <td>White British</td> <td>91.0%</td> <td>91.3%</td> <td>93.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011. 86.43% of the civil parish's population were born in England, 3.94% were born elsewhere in the UK. 4.94% were born elsewhere in the EU (including the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>), while 4.70% of the population were born outside the EU.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> 62.49% of the civil parish's population declared their religion to be Christianity, while 27.09% stated "no religion" and 8.02% declined to state their religion.<a href="#cite_note-Neighbourhood_Statistics-49">[49]</a> 0.79% of the population declared their religion to be <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, 0.41% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, 0.40% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and 0.80% as another religion.<a href="#cite_note-Neighbourhood_Statistics-49">[49]</a> 95.89% of the civil parish's population considered their "main language" to be English, while 1.12% considered it to be <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, 0.28% considered it to be <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and 0.24% considered it to be <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> 99.43% of the population claimed to be able to speak English well or very well.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2001, 22.33% of Salisbury's population were aged between 30 and 44, 42.76% were over 45, and 13.3% were between 18 and 29.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg/220px-Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg/330px-Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg/440px-Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>The 15th-century Poultry Cross marked the section of the market trading in poultry.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury,_Butchers_Row.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png/170px-Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png/255px-Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png/340px-Salisbury%2C_Butchers_Row.png 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1594" /></a><figcaption>Butchers Row in the city centre</figcaption></figure> Salisbury holds a Charter <a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace">market</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> on Tuesdays and Saturdays and has held markets regularly since 1227. In the 15th century the Market Place had four crosses: the <a href="/wiki/Poultry_Cross_(Salisbury)" title="Poultry Cross (Salisbury)">Poultry Cross</a>, whose name describes its market; the 'cheese and milk cross', which indicated that market and was in the triangle between the HSBC bank and the Salisbury Library; a third cross near the site of the present war memorial, which marked a woollen and yarn market; and a fourth, called Barnwell or Barnard's Cross, in the Culver Street and Barnard Street area, which marked a cattle and livestock market.<a href="#cite_note-wilt193-9">[9]</a> Today, only the Poultry Cross remains, to which <a href="/wiki/Flying_buttress" title="Flying buttress">flying buttresses</a> were added in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The Market Hall, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Corn_Exchange,_Salisbury" title="Corn Exchange, Salisbury">Corn Exchange</a>, was completed in 1859.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 1226, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> granted the Bishop of Salisbury a charter to hold a fair lasting eight days from the Feast of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption of Mary</a> (15 August).<a href="#cite_note-fairs-56">[56]</a> Over the centuries the dates of the fair have moved around, but in its modern guise, a funfair is now held in the Market Place for three days from the third Monday in October. From 1833 to the mid-1980s, the Salisbury Gas Light & Coke Company, which ran the city's gasworks, was one of the major employers in the area. The company was formed in 1832 with a share capital of £8,000, and its first chairman was the <a href="/wiki/William_Pleydell-Bouverie,_3rd_Earl_of_Radnor" title="William Pleydell-Bouverie, 3rd Earl of Radnor">3rd Earl of Radnor</a>. The company was incorporated by a private <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> in 1864, and the Gas Orders Confirmation Act 1882 empowered it to raise capital of up to £40,000. At its peak, the gasworks were producing not only <a href="/wiki/Coal_gas" title="Coal gas">coal gas</a> but also <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>, which was sold off as the by-product of gas-making. Ammoniacal liquor, another by-product, was mixed with sulphuric acid, dried and ground to make a powder which was sold as an agricultural fertiliser. The clinker from the retort house was sold to a firm in London to be used as purifier beds in the construction of <a href="/wiki/Sewage_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage works">sewage works</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_power_station" title="Salisbury power station">Salisbury power station</a> supplied electricity to Salisbury and the surrounding area from 1898 to 1970. The power station was at Town Mill and was owned and operated by Salisbury Electric Light and Supply Company Limited prior to the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The <a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station" title="Coal-fired power station">coal-fired power station</a> was redeveloped several times to incorporate new plant including a water-driven turbine.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> From the Middle Ages to the start of the 20th century, Salisbury was noted for its <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_cutlery_industry" title="Salisbury cutlery industry">cutlery industry</a>. Early motor cars were manufactured in the city from 1902 by Dean and Burden Brothers, using the Scout Motors brand. In 1907, the company moved to a larger factory at Churchfields; each car took six to eight weeks to build, mostly using bodies made elsewhere by coachbuilders. By 1912, 150 men were employed and the company was also making small commercial vehicles and 20-seater buses, some of which were later used by the newly established <a href="/wiki/Wilts_%26_Dorset" title="Wilts & Dorset">Wilts & Dorset</a> operator. The Scout company failed in 1921 after wartime disruption and competition from larger makers.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Shopping centres include The Old George Mall, The Maltings, Winchester Street, and the Crosskeys precinct. Major employers include <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_District_Hospital" title="Salisbury District Hospital">Salisbury District Hospital</a>. The closure of the <a href="/wiki/Friends_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends Life">Friends Life</a> office, the second largest employer, was announced in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg/220px-Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg/330px-Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg/440px-Salisbury_High_Street_20040724.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Salisbury High Street</figcaption></figure> Salisbury was an important centre for music in the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammarian</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(grammarian)" title="James Harris (grammarian)">James Harris</a>, a friend of <a href="/wiki/Handel" class="mw-redirect" title="Handel">Handel</a>, directed concerts at the Assembly Rooms for almost 50 years up to his death in 1780. Many of the most famous musicians and singers of the day performed there.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Salisbury holds an annual <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Day">St George's Day</a> pageant, the origins of which are claimed to go back to the 13th century.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Salisbury has a strong artistic community, with galleries situated in the city centre, including the <a href="/wiki/Young_Gallery" title="Young Gallery">Young Gallery</a> (incorporating the <a href="/wiki/John_Creasey_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="John Creasey Museum">John Creasey Museum</a>), located in Salisbury Library. In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> made a number of celebrated <a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">landscape paintings</a> featuring the cathedral's spire and the surrounding countryside. Salisbury's annual International Arts Festival, started in 1973, and held in late May to early June, provides a programme of theatre, live music, dance, public sculpture, street performance and art exhibitions. Salisbury also houses a producing theatre, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Playhouse" title="Salisbury Playhouse">Salisbury Playhouse</a>, which produces between eight and ten plays a year, as well as welcoming touring productions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Salisbury_Museum">The Salisbury Museum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Salisbury Museum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg/220px-Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg/330px-Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg/440px-Kings_House_Salisbury_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Salisbury Museum, housed in the King's House</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Salisbury_Museum" title="The Salisbury Museum">The Salisbury Museum</a> is housed in the <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_House,_Salisbury" title="The King's House, Salisbury">King's House</a>, a Grade I listed building whose history dates back to the 13th century, opposite the west front of the cathedral. The permanent Stonehenge exhibition gallery has interactive displays about Stonehenge and the archaeology of south Wiltshire, and its collections include the skeleton of the <a href="/wiki/Amesbury_Archer" title="Amesbury Archer">Amesbury Archer</a>, which is on display. The Pitt Rivers display holds a collection from General <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pitt_Rivers" title="Augustus Pitt Rivers">Augustus Pitt Rivers</a>. The costume gallery showcases costumes and textiles from the area, with costumes for children to try on while imagining themselves as characters from Salisbury's past.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The former home of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edward Heath">Sir Edward Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arundells" title="Arundells">Arundells</a> in the Cathedral Close, is open as a museum. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Salisbury has been <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a>, France, since 1990,<a href="#cite_note-twinning-62">[62]</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>, Germany, since 2005.<a href="#cite_note-twinning-62">[62]</a> Salisbury is also a sister city of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina" title="Salisbury, North Carolina">Salisbury, North Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">Salisbury, Maryland</a>, both of which are in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-twinning-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> In the 13th and 14th centuries, Salisbury was a seat of learning, with students of theology and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a> taught at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Valley_Scholars" title="College of the Valley Scholars">College of the Valley Scholars</a>, founded by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Bridport" title="Giles of Bridport">Giles of Bridport</a> in 1262. This has some claim to be seen as the first university college in England,<a href="#cite_note-ABC-63">[63]</a> as it was founded three years before <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a>. Most of the scholars transferred to Salisbury Hall, Oxford, in 1325.<a href="#cite_note-AFL-64">[64]</a> There are several schools in and around Salisbury. The city has the only grammar schools in Wiltshire, <a href="/wiki/South_Wilts_Grammar_School" title="South Wilts Grammar School">South Wilts Grammar School</a> for girls and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Wordsworth%27s_School" title="Bishop Wordsworth's School">Bishop Wordsworth's School</a> for boys; since September 2020, both have mixed <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth forms</a>. Other schools in or near the city include <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral_School" title="Salisbury Cathedral School">Salisbury Cathedral School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chafyn_Grove_School" title="Chafyn Grove School">Chafyn Grove School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leehurst_Swan_School" title="Leehurst Swan School">Leehurst Swan School</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Godolphin_School" title="Godolphin School">Godolphin</a> senior and prep schools, <a href="/wiki/Sarum_Academy" title="Sarum Academy">Sarum Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Catholic_School,_Laverstock" title="St Joseph's Catholic School, Laverstock">St Joseph's Catholic School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyvern_St_Edmund%27s" title="Wyvern St Edmund's">Wyvern St Edmund's</a>. Sixth-form education is offered by <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Sixth_Form_College" title="Salisbury Sixth Form College">Salisbury Sixth Form College</a>, while the Salisbury campus of <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltshire College">Wiltshire College</a> offers a range of <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> courses, as well as some higher education courses in association with <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarum_College" title="Sarum College">Sarum College</a> is a Christian <a href="/wiki/Theological_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Theological college">theological college</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_close" title="Cathedral close">Cathedral close</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Road">edit</a>]</div> The main transport links for the city are the roads. Salisbury lies on the intersection of the <a href="/wiki/A30_road" title="A30 road">A30</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A36_road" title="A36 road">A36</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/A338_road" title="A338 road">A338</a>, and is at the end of the <a href="/wiki/A343_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A343 road">A343</a>, <a href="/wiki/A345_road" title="A345 road">A345</a>, <a href="/wiki/A354_road" title="A354 road">A354</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A360_road" title="A360 road">A360</a>. Car parks around the periphery of the city are linked to the city centre by a park-and-ride scheme (see details in the bus section below). The A36 forms an almost complete ring road around the city centre. The A3094 comprises the southwestern quadrant of the ring road, passing through the city's outer suburbs. The lack of adequate roads is a cause of concern to the people of Salisbury as there are no motorway links to the ports of <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>. The closest motorway access is at junction 2 of the <a href="/wiki/M27_motorway" title="M27 motorway">M27</a> at Southampton, and at junction 8 of the <a href="/wiki/M3_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M3 motorway (Great Britain)">M3</a> near <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>. Traffic passes around the city centre on the A36 to <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg/220px-Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg/330px-Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg/440px-Salisbury_bus_station_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Salisbury bus station in 2010 (since closed)</figcaption></figure> There are bus links to <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, Andover, <a href="/wiki/Devizes" title="Devizes">Devizes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>, with limited services on Sundays. <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Reds_(bus_company)" title="Salisbury Reds (bus company)">Salisbury Reds</a>, a brand of <a href="/wiki/Go_South_Coast" title="Go South Coast">Go South Coast</a>, is the main local operator. Wheelers Travel provide services to <a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury" title="Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a> and Andover, as well as intermediate-distance services.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Other operators include <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_South" title="Stagecoach South">Stagecoach</a> (Amesbury, Tidworth, Andover) and Beeline (Warminster). Salisbury has a <a href="/wiki/Park_and_Ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Park and Ride">Park and Ride</a> bus scheme with five sites around the city. The scheme attempts to relieve pressure on the city centre, but as of 2010, ran at an annual loss of £1 million.<a href="#cite_note-sjpr-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_bus_station" title="Salisbury bus station">Salisbury bus station</a>, which opened in 1939, closed in January 2014 due to high operating costs and low usage.<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Situated in Endless Street, on the northeastern edge of the city centre, the site was later developed into retirement homes, which opened in February 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_railway_station" title="Salisbury railway station">Salisbury railway station</a> is the crossing point of the <a href="/wiki/West_of_England_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="West of England Main Line">West of England Main Line</a>, from <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Waterloo railway station">London Waterloo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Exeter_St_Davids_railway_station" title="Exeter St Davids railway station">Exeter St Davids</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wessex_Main_Line" title="Wessex Main Line">Wessex Main Line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Temple_Meads_railway_station" title="Bristol Temple Meads railway station">Bristol Temple Meads</a> to <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Central_railway_station" title="Southampton Central railway station">Southampton Central</a>. The station is operated by <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_(train_operating_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Western Railway (train operating company)">South Western Railway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_(train_operating_company)" title="Great Western Railway (train operating company)">Great Western Railway</a> hourly trains call from <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_railway_station" title="Cardiff Central railway station">Cardiff Central</a>, Bristol Temple Meads, <a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_railway_station" title="Bath Spa railway station">Bath Spa</a> to Southampton Central and <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Harbour_railway_station" title="Portsmouth Harbour railway station">Portsmouth Harbour</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches">Churches</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Churches">edit</a>]</div> Besides the cathedral church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury has several churches of various denominations. Three of them – St Martin, St Thomas and St Lawrence (Stratford-sub-Castle) – are <a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I listed">Grade I listed</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Medieval">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg/220px-Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg/330px-Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg/440px-Salisbury_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184177.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>St Martin's Church (Church of England)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Martin,_Salisbury" title="Church of St Martin, Salisbury">St Martin's Church</a> predates the establishment of the cathedral at New Sarum. The church is on the south side of Milford Hill, beyond the eastern edge of the medieval town. The chancel is from c.1230, the tower (with spire) is 14th-century and the nave and aisles are from the late 15th century, but there is evidence of an earlier church and of Saxon burials.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The parish has a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a> tradition.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Edmund,_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Edmund, Salisbury">St Edmund's</a> was founded as a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">collegiate church</a> in 1269, in the north of the city. It was originally a larger building which was damaged when the central tower fell in 1653; the nave was demolished and a new tower was built at the west end. A chancel was added in 1766 and then rebuilt in 1865–1867 by <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Gilbert_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Gilbert Scott">Sir George Gilbert Scott</a>. The church was declared <a href="/wiki/Redundant_church" title="Redundant church">redundant</a> in 1974 and reopened as Salisbury Arts Centre in 1975. A two-storey addition was built on the north side in 2003–2005.<a href="#cite_note-Orbach-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_painting,_St_Thomas%27s_Church,_Salisbury_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg/170px-Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg/255px-Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg/340px-Medieval_painting%2C_St_Thomas%27s_Church%2C_Salisbury_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The 15th-century doom painting in St Thomas' church</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27s_Church,_Salisbury" title="St Thomas's Church, Salisbury">St Thomas'</a> church has a central position, just west of the market square. It was founded in the early 13th century and rebuilt in the 15th at the expense of the city's prosperous merchants.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Above the chancel arch is a large 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Doom_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Doom paintings">doom painting</a>, "one of the best surviving" according to Orbach.<a href="#cite_note-Orbach-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The churches of three rural parishes are in areas now absorbed into Salisbury. St George's at <a href="/wiki/West_Harnham" class="mw-redirect" title="West Harnham">West Harnham</a> was begun in the 12th century and altered in the early 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence,_Stratford-sub-Castle" title="St Lawrence, Stratford-sub-Castle">St Lawrence, Stratford-sub-Castle</a>, was built in the 13th century for the settlement near <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a>, at first as a <a href="/wiki/Chapelry" title="Chapelry">chapelry</a> of St Martin's.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-vch-churches-76">[76]</a> The small church of St Andrew at <a href="/wiki/Bemerton" title="Bemerton">Bemerton</a> was built in the 14th century on the site of an earlier church.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> It is associated with the poet and priest <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a>, rector from 1630 until his death in 1633. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/St_Osmund%27s_Church,_Salisbury" title="St Osmund's Church, Salisbury">St Osmund's</a> (Catholic) is on Exeter Street in the city centre, a short distance east of the cathedral. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a>, who also designed some of the stained glass, and was consecrated in 1848.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Salisbury" title="St Paul's Church, Salisbury">St Paul's church</a>, serving part of the northern suburbs, was built near the start of the Devizes road in 1853. It was a replacement for St Clement's at Fisherton village, which had stood near the <a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">Nadder</a> since at least the 14th century. The style of worship has been <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> since the 1860s.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The small All Saints' church was built at East Harnham in 1854, to designs of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Wyatt" title="Thomas Henry Wyatt">T.H. Wyatt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 1861, St John's church was built at Bemerton to supplement St Andrew's. The building was declared redundant in 2010 and reopened in 2016 as a community centre and events venue.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Church,_Salisbury" title="St Mark's Church, Salisbury">St Mark's</a> was dedicated in 1894 to serve the expanding northern suburbs. The church is described as "ambitious" by <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a> and "expensively detailed" by Orbach.<a href="#cite_note-Orbach-70">[70]</a> Construction was in stages, finishing in 1915, and the upper part of the tower was never built.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> 19th-century buildings for other denominations include, in the city centre, the Methodist Church (1811, enlarged later);<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> the United Reformed Church (originally Congregational, 1879);<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Elim Pentecostal Church (originally Primitive Methodist, 1896, now a nightclub);<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and on Wilton Road, Emmanuel Church (1860).<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs,_(1)_Salisbury,_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg/220px-Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg/330px-Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg/440px-Church_of_St._Gregory_and_the_English_Martyrs%2C_%281%29_Salisbury%2C_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Church of St. Gregory and the English Martyrs, Salisbury (Roman Catholic)</figcaption></figure> The Roman Catholic St. Gregory's Church was built in the city's western suburbs in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> As the city's suburbs extended further north, <a href="/wiki/St_Francis%27s_Church,_Salisbury" title="St Francis's Church, Salisbury">St Francis's church</a> was consecrated in 1940 to serve an area which had been part of Stratford-sub-Castle parish. Worship is <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> in style, and services are designed to appeal to families and young people.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_leisure">Sport and leisure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sport and leisure">edit</a>]</div> The city has a <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_F.C." title="Salisbury F.C.">Salisbury F.C.</a>, who play in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_South" title="National League South">National League South</a> and are based at the <a href="/wiki/Raymond_McEnhill_Stadium" title="Raymond McEnhill Stadium">Raymond McEnhill Stadium</a>, on the northern edge of the city. Other <a href="/wiki/Non-League_football" title="Non-League football">non-league</a> clubs are <a href="/wiki/Bemerton_Heath_Harlequins_F.C." title="Bemerton Heath Harlequins F.C.">Bemerton Heath Harlequins F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laverstock_%26_Ford_F.C." title="Laverstock & Ford F.C.">Laverstock & Ford F.C.</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_racecourse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Salisbury_racecourse.jpg/220px-Salisbury_racecourse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Salisbury_racecourse.jpg/330px-Salisbury_racecourse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Salisbury_racecourse.jpg/440px-Salisbury_racecourse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Salisbury Racecourse with the cathedral in the distance</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_RFC" title="Salisbury RFC">Salisbury Rugby Club</a>, which is based at Castle Road, plays in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Counties_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Counties South">Southern Counties South</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Wilts_Cricket_Club" title="South Wilts Cricket Club">South Wilts Cricket Club</a> is based at the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_and_South_Wiltshire_Sports_Club" title="Salisbury and South Wiltshire Sports Club">Salisbury and South Wiltshire Sports Club</a> and play in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Premier_Cricket_League" title="Southern Premier Cricket League">Southern Premier Cricket League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Hockey_Club" title="Salisbury Hockey Club">Salisbury Hockey Club</a> is also based at the Salisbury and South Wilts Sports Club.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Five Rivers Leisure Centre and Swimming Pool, which was opened in 2002, is just outside the ring road. <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Racecourse" title="Salisbury Racecourse">Salisbury Racecourse</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">flat racing</a> course to the south-west of the city. Five Rivers Indoor Bowls Club and Salisbury Snooker Club share a building on Tollgate Road, behind the college. <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum_Airfield" title="Old Sarum Airfield">Old Sarum Airfield</a>, north of the city centre, is home to a variety of aviation-based businesses, including flying schools and the APT Charitable Trust for disabled flyers. The city's theatre is the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Playhouse" title="Salisbury Playhouse">Salisbury Playhouse</a>. The City Hall is an entertainment venue and hosts comedy, musical performances (including those by the resident Musical Theatre Salisbury), as well as seminars and conventions. <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Arts_Centre" title="Salisbury Arts Centre">Salisbury Arts Centre</a>, housed in a redundant church, has exhibitions and workshops. Salisbury is well-supplied with <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">pubs</a>. The Haunch of Venison, overlooking the Poultry Cross, operates from a 14th-century building; one of its attractions is a cast of a <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummified</a> hand, supposedly severed during a game of cards.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The Rai d’Or has original deeds dating from 1292. It was the home of Agnes Bottenham, who used the profits of the tavern to found Trinity Hospital next door in c. 1380. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_before_1900">Born before 1900</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Born before 1900">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a> (c. 1120–1180),<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> author, educationalist, diplomat and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Chartres">bishop of Chartres</a>, born at Salisbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Forman" title="Simon Forman">Simon Forman</a> (1552 in Quidhampton, <a href="/wiki/Fugglestone_St_Peter" title="Fugglestone St Peter">Fugglestone St Peter</a> – 1611),<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> astrologer, occultist and <a href="/wiki/Herbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalist">herbalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bevis" title="John Bevis">John Bevis</a> (1695 in Old Sarum – 1771),<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> doctor,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> electrical researcher and astronomer. He discovered the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a> in 1731.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(grammarian)" title="James Harris (grammarian)">James Harris</a> (1709–1780),<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> politician <a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and grammarian, born and educated in Salisbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_1st_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury">James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury</a> (1746 in Salisbury – 1820),<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> diplomat, politician and MP</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Stoddart" title="John Stoddart">John Stoddart</a> (1773 in Salisbury – 1856),<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> writer and lawyer, and editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Staunton,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet">Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet</a> (1781 at Milford House near Salisbury – 1859),<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> traveller and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">Orientalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fawcett" title="Henry Fawcett">Henry Fawcett</a> (1833 in Salisbury – 1884),<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> academic, statesman and economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville_Keynes" title="John Neville Keynes">John Neville Keynes</a> (1852 in Salisbury – 1949),<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> economist, father of <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Macklin" title="James Macklin">James Macklin</a> (1864 in Harnham – 1944),<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> jeweller, farmer and six times <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Salisbury">Mayor of Salisbury</a>, from 1913 to 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ponting" title="Herbert Ponting">Herbert Ponting</a> (1870 in Salisbury – 1935),<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> professional photographer, expedition photographer and cinematographer for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bush_(RFC_officer)" title="James Bush (RFC officer)">Lieutenant James Cromwell Bush</a> (1891 in Salisbury – 1917),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] World War I <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Adlam" title="Tom Adlam">Lieutenant Colonel Tom Edwin Adlam</a> (1893 in Salisbury – 1975),<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_1900">Since 1900</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Since 1900">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a> (1911–1993),<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> novelist, schoolteacher. He taught philosophy in 1939 and English from 1945 to 1961 at <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Wordsworth%27s_School" title="Bishop Wordsworth's School">Bishop Wordsworth's School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Furse" title="Jill Furse">Jill Furse</a> (1915 in Salisbury – 1944),<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> actress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Pochin_Mould" title="Daphne Pochin Mould">Daphne Pochin Mould</a> (1920 in Salisbury – 2014),<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> photographer, broadcaster, geologist, traveller, pilot and Ireland's<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> first female flight instructor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rowan_(psychologist)" title="John Rowan (psychologist)">John Rowan</a> (1925 in Old Sarum – 2018 in London), author, one of the pioneers of Humanistic Psychology and Integrative Psychotherapy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Brown" title="Iona Brown">Iona Brown</a> (1941 in Salisbury – 2004 in Salisbury),<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> violinist and conductor. From 1968 to 2004 she lived in <a href="/wiki/Bowerchalke" title="Bowerchalke">Bowerchalke</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Teret" title="Ray Teret">Ray Teret</a> (1941 in Salisbury – 2021),<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> radio disc jockey and convicted rapist,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> sentenced to 25 years in prison in 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a> (born 1942),<a href="#cite_note-Crawford-112">[112]</a> actor and singer, originated <a href="/wiki/Erik_(The_Phantom_of_the_Opera)" title="Erik (The Phantom of the Opera)">the title role</a> in the musical <a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1986_musical)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)">The Phantom of the Opera</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tate" title="Jeffrey Tate">Jeffrey Tate</a> (1943 in Salisbury – 2017),<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> conductor of classical music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a> (born in 1944 in Salisbury), actor known for playing Gimli in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a> film series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a> (born in 1946 in Salisbury), actor known for playing <a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">C-3PO</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> franchise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Meades" title="Jonathan Meades">Jonathan Meades</a> (born 1947 in Salisbury),<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> writer, food journalist, essayist and film-maker</li> <li>Prof. <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Thomas" title="Martyn Thomas">Martyn Thomas</a> (born 1948 in Salisbury)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> software engineer, entrepreneur and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Digance" title="Richard Digance">Richard Digance</a> (born 1949), comedian and folk singer. He lives in Salisbury.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Macdonald" title="Ken Macdonald">Kenneth Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of River Glaven</a> (born 1953),<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Director of Public Prosecutions of England and Wales 2003–2008 and head of the Crown Prosecution Service. He attended Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Browne" title="Carolyn Browne">Carolyn Browne</a> (born 1958),<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> diplomat, Ambassador to Kazakhstan. She attended <a href="/wiki/South_Wilts_Grammar_School_for_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wilts Grammar School for Girls">South Wilts Grammar School for Girls</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Dent" title="Teresa Dent">Teresa Dent</a> (born 1959),<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> CEO of <a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Wildlife_Conservation_Trust" title="Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust">Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust</a>. She lives in Salisbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Foyle" title="Martin Foyle">Martin Foyle</a> (born 1963 in Salisbury),<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> footballer and manager. He played 533 League games, scoring 155 goals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dee,_Dozy,_Beaky,_Mick_%26_Tich" title="Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich">Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich</a> (formed 1964),<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> 1960s pop/rock group, most of whom came from Salisbury or Wiltshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Moody" title="Clare Moody">Clare Moody</a> (born 1965), Labour <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> 2014–2019. Lives in Salisbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fiennes" title="Joseph Fiennes">Joseph Fiennes</a> (born 1970 in Salisbury),<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> film and stage actor, educated in the town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitchell_(comedian)" title="David Mitchell (comedian)">David Mitchell</a> (born 1974 in Salisbury), comedian, actor, writer and television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Waller" title="Max Waller">Max Waller</a> (born 1988 in Salisbury), cricketer, who plays for <a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Cricket_Club" title="Somerset County Cricket Club">Somerset County Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henni_Zu%C3%ABl" title="Henni Zuël">Henni Zuël</a> (born 1990 in Salisbury),<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> professional golfer; youngest player to join the Ladies European Tour as an amateur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_(racing_driver)" title="John Bennett (racing driver)">John Bennett</a> (born 2003 in Salisbury), racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wiltshire" title="BBC Radio Wiltshire">BBC Radio Wiltshire</a> is the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a> public service station for the county, which sometimes broadcasts from or about the city. Salisbury used to have its own local radio station, Spire FM, which was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauer Radio">Bauer Radio</a> in 2019. Its frequency now transmits <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Hits Radio Salisbury">Greatest Hits Radio Salisbury</a>, which broadcasts national and regional music programmes with local news bulletins.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Regional television services are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">BBC South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridian Broadcasting">ITV Meridian</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a> channel "That's Salisbury" is provided by <a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Journal" title="Salisbury Journal">Salisbury Journal</a> is the local paid-for <a href="/wiki/Weekly_newspaper" title="Weekly newspaper">weekly newspaper</a>, which is available in shops every Thursday. The local free weekly newspaper from the same publisher is the Avon Advertiser, which is delivered to houses in Salisbury and the surrounding area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The two names for the city, Salisbury and Sarum, are humorously alluded to in a 1928 <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">limerick</a> from <a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> There was an old Sultan of Salisbury Who wanted some wives for his <abbr title="harem"><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">halisbury</a></abbr>, So he had them sent down By a fast train from town, For he thought that his <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">motor</a> would <abbr title="scare 'em">scalisbury</abbr>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </div></blockquote> The ambiguous pronunciation was also used in the following limerick, which also alludes to 'Hants', the shortened form of Hampshire: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> There was a young curate of Salisbury, Whose manners were quite Halisbury-Scalisbury. He wandered round Hampshire, Without any pampshire, Till the Vicar compelled him to Walisbury.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </div></blockquote> <ul><li>Salisbury is the origin of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy%27s_Wessex" title="Thomas Hardy's Wessex">"Melchester"</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>'s novels, such as <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Obscure" title="Jude the Obscure">Jude the Obscure</a> (1895).</li> <li>A lively account of the Salisbury markets, as they were in 1842, is contained in Chapter 5 of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit" title="Martin Chuzzlewit">Martin Chuzzlewit</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>.</li> <li>The fictitious Kingsbridge Cathedral in TV miniseries, <a href="/wiki/The_Pillars_of_the_Earth_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pillars of the Earth (TV miniseries)">The Pillars of the Earth</a> (2010), based on a historical novel by the same name by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Follett" title="Ken Follett">Ken Follett</a>, is modelled on the cathedrals of Wells and Salisbury. The final aerial shot of the series is of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bush" title="Kate Bush">Kate Bush</a> cites the city on the first song of her 1982 album <a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming_(album)" title="The Dreaming (album)">The Dreaming</a>.</li> <li>The 1987 novel <a href="/wiki/Sarum_(novel)" title="Sarum (novel)">Sarum</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutherfurd" title="Edward Rutherfurd">Edward Rutherfurd</a> describes the history of Salisbury.</li> <li>The novel <a href="/wiki/The_Spire" title="The Spire">The Spire</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a> tells the story of the building of the spire of an unnamed cathedral similar to Salisbury Cathedral.</li> <li>Band <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Heep_(band)" title="Uriah Heep (band)">Uriah Heep</a> released an album and song called <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_(album)" title="Salisbury (album)">Salisbury</a> in 1971.</li> <li>Progressive rock band <a href="/wiki/Big_Big_Train" title="Big Big Train">Big Big Train</a> wrote two songs in their Folklore album in which the Salisbury Giant<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> appears.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salisbury_Poisonings" title="The Salisbury Poisonings">The Salisbury Poisonings</a> is a three-part television drama which portrays the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">Novichok poisoning crisis</a>, first broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> in June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Salisbury experiences an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The nearest Met Office weather station to Salisbury is Boscombe Down, about 6 miles to the north of the city centre. In terms of the local climate, Salisbury is among the sunniest of inland areas in the UK, averaging over 1650 hours of sunshine in a typical year. Temperature extremes since 1960 have ranged from −12.4 °C (9.7 °F) in January 1963<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> to 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) during <a href="/wiki/2006_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 European heat wave">July 2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) during December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Boscombe_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="Boscombe Down">Boscombe Down</a>, elevation: 128 m (420 ft), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1960–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.4 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7 (23.5) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 (27.7) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4 (20.5) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3 (11.7) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.4 (9.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5 (2.93) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0 (2.05) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.2 (2.25) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.4 (2.02) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4 (2.14) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0 (2.01) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9 (1.93) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5 (2.03) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4 (2.34) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.6 (3.25) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0 (3.31) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7 (3.22) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">748.6 (29.47) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.2 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8 </td> <td style="background: #B5B562; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.2 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.9 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.3 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.3 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.9 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.1 </td> <td style="background: #696969; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.8 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,689.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><a href="#cite_note-Weather-Atlas-136">[136]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City">edit</a>]</div> The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Salisbury. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (March 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson</a>: 1800.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Units">Military Units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Military Units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Wiltshire_Yeomanry" title="Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry">Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry</a>: 1944.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gloucestershire,_Berkshire_and_Wiltshire_Regiment" title="Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment">Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment</a>: October 2004.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rifles" title="The Rifles">The Rifles</a>: 20 November 2010.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Regiment_Royal_Artillery" title="32nd Regiment Royal Artillery">32nd Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>: 7 July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">Royal Military Police</a>: 13 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Salisbury" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in Salisbury">List of Grade I listed buildings in Salisbury</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bua2011-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bua2011_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2011_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/southwestengland/admin/wiltshire/E04013046__salisbury/">"Salisbury"</a>. City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+population&rft.atitle=Salisbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fsouthwestengland%2Fadmin%2Fwiltshire%2FE04013046__salisbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mommy-2"><a href="#cite_ref-mommy_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNennius" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius, (Traditional attribution)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen, Theodor</a> (ed.). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Historia_Brittonum#VI._CIVITATES_BRITANNIAE">Historia Brittonum </a> (in Latin). Vol. VI – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Brittonum&rft.aulast=Nennius&rft.aufirst=%28Traditional+attribution%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shusher-3"><a href="#cite_ref-shusher_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1844" class="citation book cs1">Newman, John Henry; et al. (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321234154/http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459">"Chapter X: Britain in 429, A.D."</a>. Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre. London: James Toovey. p. 92. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459">the original</a> on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+X%3A+Britain+in+429%2C+A.D.&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+English+Saints%3A+St.+German%2C+Bishop+of+Auxerre&rft.place=London&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=James+Toovey&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=John+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mocavo.co.uk%2FLives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3%2F527392%2F459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1811">Roberts 1811</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mso_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Welsh Prose 1300–1425. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhyddiaithganoloesol.caerdydd.ac.uk/en/ms-page.php?ms=Jesus111&page=147r&l=c600l38">"Oxford Jesus College MS. 111 (The Red Book of Hergest) – page 147r: Trioedd Ynys Prydain, Cas Bethau, Enwau ac Anrhyfeddodau Ynys Prydain", col. 600</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090910/http://www.rhyddiaithganoloesol.caerdydd.ac.uk/en/ms-page.php?ms=Jesus111&page=147r&l=c600l38">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+spy%3A+What+we+know+so+far&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-43315636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">"Election Maps"</a>. Ordnance Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220103943/https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ordnance+Survey&rft.atitle=Election+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Felection-maps%2Fgb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/E14001460">"Salisbury – General election results 2024"</a>. BBC News. 5 July 2024. 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Conserving Historic Water Meadows. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conserving+Historic+Water+Meadows&rft.pages=16&rft.au=Historic+England&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S2000175&SiteName=&countyCode=48&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea=">"East Harnham Meadows SSSI"</a>. Natural England. Retrieved 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+England&rft.atitle=East+Harnham+Meadows+SSSI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdesignatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk%2FSiteDetail.aspx%3FSiteCode%3DS2000175%26SiteName%3D%26countyCode%3D48%26responsiblePerson%3D%26SeaArea%3D%26IFCAArea%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E34004306">"Salisbury (Wiltshire, South West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. citypopulation.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805180929/http://citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E34004306">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Salisbury+%28Wiltshire%2C+South+West+England%2C+United+Kingdom%29+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fuk-england-southwestengland.php%3Fcityid%3DE34004306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111170219621" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=1170219621">"Local Area Report – Salisbury Parish (1170219621)"</a>. Nomis. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a>. Retrieved 18 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Salisbury+Parish+%281170219621%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D1170219621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/help/localstatistics">"Local statistics – Office for National Statistics"</a>. www.ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190311193218/https://www.ons.gov.uk/help/localstatistics">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+statistics+%E2%80%93+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fhelp%2Flocalstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2575">"British government census statistics for race and ethnicity"</a>. Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502235226/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2575">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+government+census+statistics+for+race+and+ethnicity&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D11128149%26c%3DSalisbury%26d%3D16%26e%3D61%26g%3D6476082%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26o%3D362%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1399017573656%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D2575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServices" class="citation web cs1">Services, Good Stuff IT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-edmund-and-milford-e05008389">"Salisbury St Edmund and Milford – UK Census Data 2011"</a>. UK Census Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922004548/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-edmund-and-milford-e05008389">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Census+Data&rft.atitle=Salisbury+St+Edmund+and+Milford+%E2%80%93+UK+Census+Data+2011&rft.aulast=Services&rft.aufirst=Good+Stuff+IT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcensusdata.com%2Fsalisbury-st-edmund-and-milford-e05008389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServices" class="citation web cs1">Services, Good Stuff IT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-francis-and-stratford-e05008390">"Salisbury St Francis and Stratford – UK Census Data 2011"</a>. UK Census Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113063534/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-francis-and-stratford-e05008390">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Census+Data&rft.atitle=Salisbury+St+Francis+and+Stratford+%E2%80%93+UK+Census+Data+2011&rft.aulast=Services&rft.aufirst=Good+Stuff+IT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcensusdata.com%2Fsalisbury-st-francis-and-stratford-e05008390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111119883473" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=1119883473">"Local Area Report – Salisbury Built-up area (1119883473)"</a>. Nomis. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Salisbury+Built-up+area+%281119883473%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D1119883473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573641&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2525">"British government census statistics for country of birth"</a>. Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502235845/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573641&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2525">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. 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Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502232937/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2579">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+government+census+statistics+for+religion&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D11128149%26c%3DSalisbury%26d%3D16%26e%3D61%26g%3D6476082%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26o%3D362%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1399017573656%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D2579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2528">"British government census statistics for main language"</a>. Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502233451/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2528">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+government+census+statistics+for+main+language&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D11128149%26c%3DSalisbury%26d%3D16%26e%3D61%26g%3D6476082%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26o%3D362%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1399017573656%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D2528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2500">"British government census statistics for proficiency in English"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+government+census+statistics+for+proficiency+in+English&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D11128149%26c%3DSalisbury%26d%3D16%26e%3D61%26g%3D6476082%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26o%3D362%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1399017573656%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D2500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277143&c=Salisbury&d=13&e=15&g=498191&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1336139701751">"British government census statistics for age"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+government+census+statistics+for+age&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D277143%26c%3DSalisbury%26d%3D13%26e%3D15%26g%3D498191%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D1%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1336139701751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/c/charter-market">"Charter Market"</a>. www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528052010/http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/c/charter-market">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2015. 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Cobban, The King's Hall Within the University of Cambridge in the Later Middle Ages (2007), p. 18] </li> <li id="cite_note-AFL-64"><a href="#cite_ref-AFL_64-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Francis_Leach" title="Arthur Francis Leach">Arthur Francis Leach</a>, English Schools at the Reformation 1546-8 (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P7McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA21">p. 21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheelerstravel.co.uk/index.php?p=20">"Bus times"</a>. Wheelers Travel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200931/http://www.wheelerstravel.co.uk/index.php?p=20">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2018. 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Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Martin+%281259041%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1259041%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/19776/find-us/">"Sarum St Martin"</a>. A Church Near You. The Archbishops' Council. 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New Haven, US and London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 590–597. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25120-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25120-3"><bdi>978-0-300-25120-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1201298091">1201298091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wiltshire&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+US+and+London&rft.series=The+Buildings+Of+England&rft.pages=590-597&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1201298091&rft.isbn=978-0-300-25120-3&rft.aulast=Orbach&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&rft.au=Cherry%2C+Bridget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1273123" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1273123?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Thomas (1273123)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Thomas+%281273123%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1273123%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowson2022" class="citation web cs1">Dowson, Thomas (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeology-travel.com/england/doom-painting-st-thomas-church-salisbury/">"The Doom Painting of St Thomas' Church, Salisbury"</a>. archaeology-travel.com. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archaeology-travel.com&rft.atitle=The+Doom+Painting+of+St+Thomas%27+Church%2C+Salisbury&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Dowson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchaeology-travel.com%2Fengland%2Fdoom-painting-st-thomas-church-salisbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crsbi.ac.uk/view-item?i=2609">"St George, West Harnham, Wiltshire"</a>. The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland. King's College London. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Corpus+of+Romanesque+Sculpture+in+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=St+George%2C+West+Harnham%2C+Wiltshire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crsbi.ac.uk%2Fview-item%3Fi%3D2609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1242798" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1242798?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St George (1242798)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+George+%281242798%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1242798%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1272953" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1272953?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Lawrence (1272953)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Lawrence+%281272953%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1272953%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vch-churches-76"><a href="#cite_ref-vch-churches_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrittall1962" class="citation book cs1">Crittall, Elizabeth, ed. (1962). "Salisbury: Churches". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp144-155">A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_County_History" title="Victoria County History">Victoria County History</a>. University of London. pp. 144–155. Retrieved 13 April 2023 – via British History Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salisbury%3A+Churches&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Wiltshire%2C+Volume+6&rft.series=Victoria+County+History&rft.pages=144-155&rft.pub=University+of+London&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fwilts%2Fvol6%2Fpp144-155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1023696" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1023696?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Andrew (1023696)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Andrew+%281023696%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1023696%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1241985" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1241985?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Osmund (1241985)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Osmund+%281241985%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1241985%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrittall1962" class="citation book cs1">Crittall, Elizabeth, ed. (1962). "Fisherton Anger". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp180-194#h3-0005">A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_County_History" title="Victoria County History">Victoria County History</a>. University of London. pp. 180–194. Retrieved 10 April 2023 – via British History Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fisherton+Anger&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Wiltshire%2C+Volume+6&rft.series=Victoria+County+History&rft.pages=180-194&rft.pub=University+of+London&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fwilts%2Fvol6%2Fpp180-194%23h3-0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1242276" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1242276?section=official-list-entry">"Church of All Saints (1242276)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+All+Saints+%281242276%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1242276%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-33573798">"Village church saved after meeting fundraising target"</a>. BBC News: Wiltshire. 19 July 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News%3A+Wiltshire&rft.atitle=Village+church+saved+after+meeting+fundraising+target&rft.date=2015-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-wiltshire-33573798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1259035" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1259035?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Mark (1259035)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Mark+%281259035%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1259035%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1258943" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1258943?section=official-list-entry">"Methodist Community Church (1258943)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Methodist+Community+Church+%281258943%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1258943%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1355795" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1355795?section=official-list-entry">"Congregational Church (1355795)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Congregational+Church+%281355795%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1355795%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1243577" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1243577?section=official-list-entry">"Elim Pentecostal Church (1243577)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Elim+Pentecostal+Church+%281243577%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1243577%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1272928" class="citation web cs1">Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1272928?section=official-list-entry">"Emmanuel Free Evangelical Church (1272928)"</a>. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Free+Evangelical+Church+%281272928%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1272928%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/salisbury-st-gregory-and-the-english-martyrs/">"Salisbury - St Gregory and the English Martyrs"</a>. Taking Stock. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taking+Stock&rft.atitle=Salisbury+-+St+Gregory+and+the+English+Martyrs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaking-stock.org.uk%2Fbuilding%2Fsalisbury-st-gregory-and-the-english-martyrs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.st-francischurch.org.uk/about/story/">"About: Story"</a>. St Francis Church. 20 November 2013. 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This Is Wiltshire. 16 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Is+Wiltshire&rft.atitle=The+last+hurrah+of+a+regiment&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisiswiltshire.co.uk%2Fnews%2F966800.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/RiflesRegimentGrantedFreedomOfSalisbury.htm">"Rifles regiment granted Freedom of Salisbury"</a>. Ministry of Defence. 23 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018231218/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/RiflesRegimentGrantedFreedomOfSalisbury.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rifles+regiment+granted+Freedom+of+Salisbury&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.uk%2FDefenceInternet%2FDefenceNews%2FHistoryAndHonour%2FRiflesRegimentGrantedFreedomOfSalisbury.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirefm.co.uk/news/local-news/2033744/salisbury-plain-army-regiment-takes-over-guildhall-square/">"Salisbury Plain army regiment takes over Guildhall Square"</a>. 7 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salisbury+Plain+army+regiment+takes+over+Guildhall+Square&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spirefm.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2033744%2Fsalisbury-plain-army-regiment-takes-over-guildhall-square%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirefm.co.uk/news/local-news/2607895/freedom-of-salisbury-for-royal-military-police/">"Freedom of Salisbury for Royal Military Police"</a>. 15 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+Salisbury+for+Royal+Military+Police&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spirefm.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2607895%2Ffreedom-of-salisbury-for-royal-military-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalisbury" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Salisbury">Salisbury</a>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Salisbury_(England)#Q160642" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Salisbury (England)">Salisbury (England)</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160642#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitwiltshire.co.uk/salisbury/">Salisbury</a> at VisitWiltshire</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/wiltshire/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8313000/8313978.stm">Let Me Tell You: Salisbury</a> – a BBC film about life in the city in 1967 at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire">BBC Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/content/image_galleries/historic_salisbury_photos_gallery1.shtml">Historic Salisbury photos</a> at BBC Wiltshire</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Settlements_and_geographic_features_near_Salisbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Settlements_and_geographic_features_near_Salisbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements and geographic features near Salisbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warminster" title="Warminster">Warminster</a> 30 km</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>18 km <a href="/wiki/Amesbury" title="Amesbury">Amesbury</a> 15 km</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover 25 km</a> <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a> 45 km</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton 5 km</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Salisbury<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> 30 km</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury" title="Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a> 25 km</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ringwood,_Hampshire" title="Ringwood, Hampshire">Ringwood</a> 20 km <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a> 35 km</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romsey" title="Romsey">Romsey</a> 25 km <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> 30 km</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbouring_areas_of_Salisbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbouring_areas_of_Salisbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighbouring areas of Salisbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laverstock_and_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Laverstock and Ford">Ford</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Netherhampton" title="Netherhampton">Netherhampton</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Salisbury<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Laverstock" title="Laverstock">Laverstock</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coombe_Bissett" title="Coombe Bissett">Coombe Bissett</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odstock" title="Odstock">Odstock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nunton" title="Nunton">Nunton</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Wiltshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wiltshire" title="Template:Wiltshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wiltshire" title="Template talk:Wiltshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wiltshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wiltshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Wiltshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesbury" title="Amesbury">Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford-on-Avon" title="Bradford-on-Avon">Bradford-on-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calne" title="Calne">Calne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippenham" title="Chippenham">Chippenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsham" title="Corsham">Corsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricklade" title="Cricklade">Cricklade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devizes" title="Devizes">Devizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highworth" title="Highworth">Highworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkhill" title="Larkhill">Larkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludgershall,_Wiltshire" title="Ludgershall, Wiltshire">Ludgershall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmesbury" title="Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Wiltshire" title="Marlborough, Wiltshire">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melksham" title="Melksham">Melksham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere,_Wiltshire" title="Mere, Wiltshire">Mere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Wootton_Bassett" title="Royal Wootton Bassett">Royal Wootton Bassett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidworth" title="Tidworth">Tidworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge" title="Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warminster" title="Warminster">Warminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Wiltshire" title="Westbury, Wiltshire">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Wiltshire" title="List of civil parishes in Wiltshire">List of civil parishes in Wiltshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Biss" title="River Biss">Biss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Blackwater_(River_Test)" title="River Blackwater (River Test)">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bourne,_Wiltshire" title="River Bourne, Wiltshire">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Bristol" title="River Avon, Bristol">Bristol Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Chalke" title="River Chalke">Chalke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cole,_Wiltshire" title="River Cole, Wiltshire">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damson_Brook" title="Damson Brook">Damson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ebble" title="River Ebble">Ebble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonthill_Lake" title="Fonthill Lake">Fonthill Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Hampshire Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">Kennet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Key" title="River Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nadder" title="River Nadder">Nadder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_River,_Wiltshire" title="Nine Mile River, Wiltshire">Nine Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Og" title="River Og">Og</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sem" title="River Sem">Sem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetbury_Avon" title="Tetbury Avon">Tetbury Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Till,_Wiltshire" title="River Till, Wiltshire">Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wylye" title="River Wylye">Wylye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennet_and_Avon_Canal" title="Kennet and Avon Canal">Kennet and Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilts_%26_Berks_Canal" title="Wilts & Berks Canal">Wilts & Berks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wiltshire" title="Economy of Wiltshire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wiltshire" title="Flag of Wiltshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Wiltshire" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Wiltshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Wiltshire" title="List of places in Wiltshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Wiltshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in Wiltshire by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Wiltshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Wiltshire" title="Category:Country houses in Wiltshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Wiltshire" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in Wiltshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Wiltshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Wiltshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Wiltshire" title="Scheduled monuments in Wiltshire">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wiltshire" title="History of Wiltshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_Wiltshire" title="List of monastic houses in Wiltshire">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Wiltshire" title="List of schools in Wiltshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Wiltshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire">Lords Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_lieutenants_of_Wiltshire" title="List of deputy lieutenants of Wiltshire">Deputy Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Wiltshire" title="High Sheriff of Wiltshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Wiltshire" title="List of museums in Wiltshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_figures_in_Wiltshire" title="List of hill figures in Wiltshire">Hill figures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160642#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160642#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160642#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129023345">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg8DBDrq6tf9yDMB4bjmd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4118286-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82029063">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12078047g">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12078047g">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge217849&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557462605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4b24e2f0-f21e-48f7-9c78-2e3750bf8bb4">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02908024X">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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