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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Observational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connection_to_SN_1054" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_to_SN_1054"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Connection to SN 1054</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connection_to_SN_1054-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crab_Pulsar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crab_Pulsar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Crab Pulsar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crab_Pulsar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Source_of_high-energy_gamma_rays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Source_of_high-energy_gamma_rays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Source of high-energy gamma rays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Source_of_high-energy_gamma_rays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical parameters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_parameters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical parameters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Distance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helium-rich_torus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helium-rich_torus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Helium-rich torus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helium-rich_torus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_star" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_star"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Central star</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_star-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progenitor_star" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progenitor_star"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Progenitor star</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progenitor_star-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transits_by_Solar_System_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transits_by_Solar_System_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transits by Solar System bodies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transits_by_Solar_System_bodies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transits by Solar System bodies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transits_by_Solar_System_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lunar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lunar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Solar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Other objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crab Nebula</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krapnewel" title="Krapnewel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Krapnewel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سديم السرطان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سديم السرطان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="কৰ্কট নীহাৰিকা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৰ্কট নীহাৰিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_del_C%C3%A1mbaru" title="Nebulosa del Cámbaru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nebulosa del Cámbaru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99r%C3%A7%C9%99ng_dumanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Xərçəng dumanlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xərçəng dumanlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্র্যাব নেবুলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্র্যাব নেবুলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Messier 1" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Крабападобная туманнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крабападобная туманнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Крабападобная туманнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крабападобная туманнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ракообразна мъглявина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ракообразна мъглявина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakova_maglina" title="Rakova maglina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rakova maglina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_del_Cranc" title="Nebulosa del Cranc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nebulosa del Cranc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krab%C3%AD_mlhovina" title="Krabí mlhovina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krabí mlhovina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_di_u_Granciu" title="Nebulosa di u Granciu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nebulosa di u Granciu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbet%C3%A5gen" title="Krabbetågen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krabbetågen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebsnebel" title="Krebsnebel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krebsnebel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabi_udukogu" title="Krabi udukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krabi udukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Νεφέλωμα του Καρκίνου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεφέλωμα του Καρκίνου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_del_Cangrejo" title="Nebulosa del Cangrejo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nebulosa del Cangrejo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1" title="M1 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="M1" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karramarroaren_nebulosa" title="Karramarroaren nebulosa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karramarroaren nebulosa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سحابی خرچنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سحابی خرچنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9buleuse_du_Crabe" title="Nébuleuse du Crabe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nébuleuse du Crabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9altn%C3%A9al_an_Phort%C3%A1in" title="Réaltnéal an Phortáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réaltnéal an Phortáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_do_Cangrexo" title="Nebulosa do Cangrexo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nebulosa do Cangrexo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C_%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4" title="게 성운 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게 성운" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कर्क नीहारिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्क नीहारिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Messier 1" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankro-nebuloso" title="Kankro-nebuloso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kankro-nebuloso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula_Kepiting" title="Nebula Kepiting – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nebula Kepiting" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_del_Crabba" title="Nebulosa del Crabba – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nebulosa del Crabba" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabba%C3%BEokan" title="Krabbaþokan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krabbaþokan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_Granchio" title="Nebulosa Granchio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nebulosa Granchio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9F" title="ערפילית הסרטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערפילית הסרטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಕ್ರ್ಯಾಬ್ ನಿಹಾರಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರ್ಯಾಬ್ ನಿಹಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კიბორჩხალსახის ნისლეული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიბორჩხალსახის ნისლეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula_ya_Kaa" title="Nebula ya Kaa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nebula ya Kaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabja_migl%C4%81js" title="Krabja miglājs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krabja miglājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Messier 1" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabo_%C5%ABkas" title="Krabo ūkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krabo ūkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1k-k%C3%B6d" title="Rák-köd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rák-köd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковидна Маглина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Раковидна Маглина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2" title="ക്രാബ് നെബുല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രാബ് നെബുല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_%DB%B1" title="مسیه ۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مسیه ۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula_Ketam" title="Nebula Ketam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nebula Ketam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ကဏန်း နက်ဗျူလာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကဏန်း နက်ဗျူလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabnevel" title="Krabnevel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krabnevel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="かに星雲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="かに星雲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_1952" title="NGC 1952 – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="NGC 1952" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbet%C3%A5ken" title="Krabbetåken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krabbetåken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbet%C3%A5ka" title="Krabbetåka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krabbetåka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabe-nebula" title="Krabe-nebula – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Krabe-nebula" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Messier 1" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qisqichbaqasimon_tumanlik" title="Qisqichbaqasimon tumanlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qisqichbaqasimon tumanlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕ੍ਰੈਬ ਨੈਬੀਊਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰੈਬ ਨੈਬੀਊਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%91%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کیکڑا بدلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیکڑا بدلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mg%C5%82awica_Kraba" title="Mgławica Kraba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mgławica Kraba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_do_Caranguejo" title="Nebulosa do Caranguejo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nebulosa do Caranguejo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuloasa_Crabului" title="Nebuloasa Crabului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nebuloasa Crabului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Крабовидная туманность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крабовидная туманность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crab Nebula" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabia_hmlovina" title="Krabia hmlovina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krabia hmlovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakovica_(meglica)" title="Rakovica (meglica) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rakovica (meglica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B5_1" title="Месје 1 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Месје 1" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_maglina" title="Rak maglina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rak maglina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapusumu" title="Rapusumu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rapusumu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbnebulosan" title="Krabbnebulosan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krabbnebulosan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="நண்டு வடிவ நெபுலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நண்டு வடிவ நெபுலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_1952" title="NGC 1952 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="NGC 1952" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9" title="เนบิวลาปู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนบิวลาปู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenge%C3%A7_Bulutsusu" title="Yengeç Bulutsusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yengeç Bulutsusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Крабоподібна туманність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крабоподібна туманність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinh_v%C3%A2n_Con_Cua" title="Tinh vân Con Cua – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tinh vân Con Cua" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9F%B9%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91" title="蟹状星云 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蟹状星云" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Supernova remnant in the constellation Taurus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tau A" redirects here. For the <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8226166d0745e6eddff95ec4bc3dfac130e12d0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.118ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{a}}"></span> statistic, see <a href="/wiki/Tau-a" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau-a">tau-a</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Crab Nebula</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">Supernova remnant</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/260px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/390px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/520px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> mosaic image assembled from 24 individual <a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera_2" title="Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2">Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2</a> exposures taken in October 1999, January 2000, and December 2000</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Observation data: <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a> <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">epoch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">05<sup>h</sup> 34<sup>m</sup> 31.94<sup>s</sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-simbad_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simbad-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+22° 00′ 52.2″<sup id="cite_ref-simbad_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simbad-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003650000000000000♠"></span>6500<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1600</span> <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a>   (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003200000000000000♠"></span>2000<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>500</span><sup id="cite_ref-Kaplanetal2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplanetal2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a> (V)</th><td class="infobox-data">8.4<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;">Apparent dimensions (V)</th><td class="infobox-data">420″ × 290″<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1973_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Anone"><a href="#endnote_Anone">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~5.5 ly   (~1.7<sup id="cite_ref-Hester2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hester2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pc)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude</a> (V)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000310000000000000♠"></span>−3.1<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.5</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Bnone"><a href="#endnote_Bnone">[b]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;">Notable features</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Optical_pulsar" title="Optical pulsar">Optical pulsar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;">Designations</th><td class="infobox-data">Messier 1, NGC 1952, Taurus A, <a href="/wiki/Sharpless_catalog" title="Sharpless catalog">Sh</a>2-244<sup id="cite_ref-simbad_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simbad-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_nebulae" title="Category:Lists of nebulae">Lists of nebulae</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Crab Nebula</b> (catalogue designations <b>M1</b>, <b>NGC 1952</b>, <b>Taurus A</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">supernova remnant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulsar_wind_nebula" title="Pulsar wind nebula">pulsar wind nebula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a>. The common name comes from a drawing that somewhat resembled a crab with arms produced by <a href="/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse">William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse</a>, in 1842 or 1843 using a 36-inch (91 cm) <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridpath_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridpath-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">nebula</a> was discovered by English astronomer <a href="/wiki/John_Bevis" title="John Bevis">John Bevis</a> in 1731. It corresponds with <a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">a bright supernova</a> observed in 1054 C.E. by Native American, Japanese, and Arabic stargazers <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; this supernova was also recorded by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomers</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">guest star</a>. The nebula was the first astronomical object identified that corresponds with a historically-observed supernova explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At an <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> of 8.4, comparable to that of <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Saturn's moon Titan</a>, it is not visible to the naked eye but can be made out using <a href="/wiki/Binoculars" title="Binoculars">binoculars</a> under favourable conditions. The nebula lies in the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Arm" title="Perseus Arm">Perseus Arm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> galaxy, at a distance of about 2.0 <a href="/wiki/Parsec#Parsecs_and_kiloparsecs" title="Parsec">kiloparsecs</a> (6,500 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a>) from Earth. It has a diameter of 3.4 parsecs (11 ly), corresponding to an apparent diameter of some 7 <a href="/wiki/Arcminute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcminute">arcminutes</a>, and is expanding at a rate of about 1,500 kilometres per second (930 mi/s), or 0.5% of the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron star</a> 28–30 kilometres (17–19 mi) across with a spin rate of 30.2 times per second, lies at the center of the Crab Nebula. The star emits pulses of <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a> to <a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">radio waves</a>. At <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> and gamma ray <a href="/wiki/Photon_energy" title="Photon energy">energies</a> above 30 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a>, the Crab Nebula is generally the brightest persistent gamma-ray source in the sky, with measured flux extending to above 10 <a href="/wiki/Electron_volt" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron volt">TeV</a>. The nebula's radiation allows detailed study of celestial bodies that <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occult</a> it. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Solar_corona" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar corona">corona</a> was mapped from observations of the Crab Nebula's radio waves passing through it, and in 2003, the thickness of the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan was measured as it blocked out X-rays from the nebula. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observational_history">Observational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Observational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a></div> <p>The earliest recorded documentation of observation of astronomical object SN 1054 was as it was occurring in 1054, by Chinese astrononomers and Japanese observers, hence its numerical identification. Modern understanding that the Crab Nebula was created by a supernova traces back to 1921, when <a href="/wiki/Carl_Otto_Lampland" title="Carl Otto Lampland">Carl Otto Lampland</a> announced he had seen changes in the nebula's structure.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Dnone"><a href="#endnote_Dnone">[d]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lampland_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lampland-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This eventually led to the conclusion that the creation of the Crab Nebula corresponds to the bright <a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a> supernova recorded by medieval astronomers in AD 1054.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_identification">First identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1rosse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/M1rosse.jpg/170px-M1rosse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/M1rosse.jpg/255px-M1rosse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/M1rosse.jpg/340px-M1rosse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Reproduction of the first depiction of the nebula by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Rosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rosse">Lord Rosse</a> (1844) (colour-inverted to appear white-on-black)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg/220px-The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg/330px-The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg/440px-The_Crab_Nebula_M1_Goran_Nilsson_%26_The_Liverpool_Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="1865" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H-alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="H-alpha">HaRGB</a> image of the Crab Nebula from the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Telescope" title="Liverpool Telescope">Liverpool Telescope</a>, exposures totalling 1.4 hours.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg/220px-Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg/330px-Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg/440px-Stack_252frames_8064s_ps-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>The Crab Nebula M1</figcaption></figure> <p>The Crab Nebula was first identified in 1731 by <a href="/wiki/John_Bevis" title="John Bevis">John Bevis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrow2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrow2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nebula was independently rediscovered in 1758 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> as he was observing a bright <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrow2008_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrow2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Messier catalogued it as the first entry in his <a href="/wiki/Messier_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier Catalogue">catalogue</a> of comet-like objects;<sup id="cite_ref-Barrow2008_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrow2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1757, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Clairaut" title="Alexis Clairaut">Alexis Clairaut</a> reexamined the calculations of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Halley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Halley">Edmund Halley</a> and predicted the return of <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a> in late 1758. The exact time of the comet's return required the consideration of perturbations to its orbit caused by planets in the Solar System such as Jupiter, which Clairaut and his two colleagues <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lalande" title="Jérôme Lalande">Jérôme Lalande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole-Reine_Lepaute" title="Nicole-Reine Lepaute">Nicole-Reine Lepaute</a> carried out more precisely than Halley, finding that the comet should appear in the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a>. It was in searching in vain for the comet that <a href="/wiki/Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> found the Crab Nebula, which he at first thought to be Halley's comet.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After some observation, noticing that the object that he was observing was not moving across the sky, Messier concluded that the object was not a comet. Messier then realised the usefulness of compiling a catalogue of celestial objects of a cloudy nature, but fixed in the sky, to avoid incorrectly cataloguing them as comets. This realization led him to compile the "<a href="/wiki/Messier_object" title="Messier object">Messier catalogue</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh2011_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> observed the Crab Nebula numerous times between 1783 and 1809, but it is not known whether he was aware of its existence in 1783, or if he discovered it independently of Messier and Bevis. After several observations, he concluded that it was composed of a group of stars.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayall_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayall-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse">William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse</a> observed the nebula at <a href="/wiki/Birr_Castle" title="Birr Castle">Birr Castle</a> in the early 1840s using a 36-inch (0.9 m) telescope, and made a drawing of it that showed it with arms like those of a crab.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridpath_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridpath-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He observed it again later, in 1848, using a 72-inch (1.8 m) telescope but could not confirm the supposed resemblance, but the name stuck nevertheless.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connection_to_SN_1054">Connection to SN 1054</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Connection to SN 1054"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/220px-A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/330px-A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/440px-A_whole_new_view_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>The nebula is seen in the visible spectrum at 550 nm (green light).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Crab Nebula was the first astronomical object recognized as being connected to a supernova explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayall_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayall-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early twentieth century, the analysis of early <a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">photographs</a> of the nebula taken several years apart revealed that it was expanding. Tracing the expansion back revealed that the nebula must have become visible on Earth about 900 years before. Historical records revealed that a new star bright enough to be seen in the daytime had been recorded in the same part of the sky by Chinese astronomers on 4 July 1054, and probably also by Japanese observers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayall_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayall-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lundmark_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundmark-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913, when <a href="/wiki/Vesto_Slipher" title="Vesto Slipher">Vesto Slipher</a> registered his <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> study of the sky, the Crab Nebula was again one of the first objects to be studied. Changes in the cloud, suggesting its small extent, were discovered by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Lampland" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Lampland">Carl Lampland</a> in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-lampland_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lampland-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Duncan" title="John Charles Duncan">John Charles Duncan</a> demonstrated that the remnant was expanding,<sup id="cite_ref-duncan_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Knut_Lundmark" title="Knut Lundmark">Knut Lundmark</a> noted its proximity to the guest star of 1054.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundmark_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundmark-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Srinivasan1997_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srinivasan1997-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> proposed associating the cloud with the star of 1054, an idea that remained controversial until the nature of supernovae was understood, and it was <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mayall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Mayall">Nicholas Mayall</a> who indicated that the star of 1054 was undoubtedly the supernova whose explosion produced the Crab Nebula. The search for historical supernovae started at that moment: seven other historical sightings have been found by comparing modern observations of supernova remnants with astronomical documents of past centuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the original connection to Chinese observations, in 1934 connections were made to a 13th-century Japanese reference to a "<a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">guest star</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Meigetsuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Meigetsuki">Meigetsuki</a> a few weeks before the Chinese reference.<sup id="cite_ref-Usui2007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usui2007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event was long considered unrecorded in Islamic astronomy,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1978 a reference was found in a 13th-century copy made by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Usaibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi Usaibia">Ibn Abi Usaibia</a> of a work by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Butlan" title="Ibn Butlan">Ibn Butlan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nestorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian">Nestorian</a> Christian physician active in Baghdad at the time of the supernova.<sup id="cite_ref-Usaybia_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usaybia-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green03_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given its great distance, the daytime "guest star" observed by the Chinese could only have been a <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>—a massive, exploding star, having exhausted its supply of energy from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">nuclear fusion</a> and collapsed in on itself.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent analysis of historical records have found that the supernova that created the Crab Nebula probably appeared in April or early May, rising to its maximum brightness of between <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> −7 and −4.5 (brighter even than Venus' −4.2 and everything in the night sky except the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>) by July. The supernova was visible to the <a href="/wiki/Naked_eye" title="Naked eye">naked eye</a> for about two years after its first observation.<sup id="cite_ref-Collinsetal1999_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collinsetal1999-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crab_Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crab Pulsar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandra-crab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/220px-Chandra-crab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/330px-Chandra-crab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/440px-Chandra-crab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Image combining optical data from <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> (in red) and <a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> images from <a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a> (in blue).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, because of the prediction and discovery of <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a>, the Crab Nebula again became a major center of interest. It was then that <a href="/wiki/Franco_Pacini" title="Franco Pacini">Franco Pacini</a> predicted the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a> for the first time, which would explain the brightness of the cloud. In late 1968, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Staelin" title="David H. Staelin">David H. Staelin</a> and Edward C. Reifenstein III reported the discovery of two rapidly variable radio sources in the area of the Crab Nebula using the <a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Telescope" title="Green Bank Telescope">Green Bank Telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard1968_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard1968-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Craft1968_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craft1968-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They named them NP 0527 and NP 0532. The period of 33 milliseconds and precise location of the Crab Nebula pulsar NP 0532 was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Richard_V._E._Lovelace" title="Richard V. E. Lovelace">Richard V. E. Lovelace</a> and collaborators on 10 November 1968 at the <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Radio Observatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lovelace1968_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovelace1968-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Comella1969_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comella1969-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discovery also proved that pulsars are rotating neutron stars (not pulsating white dwarfs, as many scientists suggested). Soon after the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a>, David Richards discovered (using the Arecibo Observatory) that the Crab Pulsar spins down and, therefore, the pulsar loses its rotational energy. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gold" title="Thomas Gold">Thomas Gold</a> has shown that the spin-down power of the pulsar is sufficient to power the Crab Nebula. </p><p>The discovery of the Crab Pulsar and the knowledge of its exact age (almost to the day) allows for the verification of basic physical properties of these objects, such as characteristic age and spin-down luminosity, the orders of magnitude involved (notably the strength of the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a>), along with various aspects related to the dynamics of the remnant. The role of this supernova to the scientific understanding of supernova remnants was crucial, as no other historical supernova created a pulsar whose precise age is known for certain. The only possible exception to this rule would be <a href="/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181">SN 1181</a>, whose supposed remnant <a href="/wiki/3C_58" title="3C 58">3C</a><a href="/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181"> </a>58 is home to a pulsar, but its identification using Chinese observations from 1181 is contested.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inner part of the Crab Nebula is dominated by a pulsar wind nebula enveloping the pulsar. Some sources consider the Crab Nebula to be an example of both a pulsar wind nebula as well as a supernova remnant,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sao20161104_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sao20161104-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others separate the two phenomena based on the different sources of energy production and behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-Hester2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hester2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Source_of_high-energy_gamma_rays">Source of high-energy gamma rays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Source of high-energy gamma rays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crab Nebula was the first astrophysical object confirmed to emit gamma rays in the very-high-energy (VHE) band above 100 GeV in energy. The VHE detection was carried out in 1989 by the Whipple Observatory 10m Gamma-Ray telescope,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which opened the VHE gamma-ray window and led to the detection of numerous VHE sources since then. </p><p>In 2019 the Crab Nebula was observed to emit <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-energy_gamma_ray" title="Ultra-high-energy gamma ray">gamma rays</a> in excess of 100 <a href="/wiki/TeV" class="mw-redirect" title="TeV">TeV</a>, making it the first identified source beyond 100 TeV.<sup id="cite_ref-Amenomori2019_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amenomori2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_parameters">Physical parameters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/220px-Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/330px-Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/440px-Filaments_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> image of a small region of the Crab Nebula, showing <a href="/wiki/Rayleigh%E2%80%93Taylor_instability" title="Rayleigh–Taylor instability">Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities</a> in its intricate filamentary structure.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible light">visible light</a>, the Crab Nebula consists of a broadly <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a>-shaped mass of filaments, about 6 <a href="/wiki/Arcminute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcminute">arcminutes</a> long and 4 arcminutes wide (by comparison, the <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a> is 30 arcminutes across) surrounding a diffuse blue central region. In three dimensions, the nebula is thought to be shaped either like an <a href="/wiki/Oblate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate spheroid">oblate spheroid</a> (estimated as 1,380 pc/4,500 ly away) or a <a href="/wiki/Prolate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolate spheroid">prolate spheroid</a> (estimated as 2,020 pc/6,600 ly away).<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1973_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The filaments are the remnants of the progenitor star's atmosphere, and consist largely of <a href="/wiki/Ionisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionisation">ionised</a> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>. The filaments' temperatures are typically between 11,000 and 18,000 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, and their densities are about 1,300 particles per cm<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fesenetal1982_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fesenetal1982-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Shklovsky" title="Iosif Shklovsky">Iosif Shklovsky</a> proposed that the diffuse blue region is predominantly produced by <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation" title="Synchrotron radiation">synchrotron radiation</a>, which is radiation given off by the curving motion of <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> in a magnetic field. The radiation corresponded to electrons moving at speeds up to half the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, the hypothesis was confirmed by observations. In the 1960s it was found that the source of the curved paths of the electrons was the strong <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a> produced by a neutron star at the centre of the nebula.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distance">Distance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Distance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though the Crab Nebula is the focus of much attention among astronomers, its distance remains an open question, owing to uncertainties in every method used to estimate its distance. In 2008, the consensus was that its distance from Earth is 2.0 ± 0.5 kpc (6,500 ± 1,600 ly).<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplanetal2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplanetal2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along its longest visible dimension, it thus measures about 4.1 ± 1 pc (13 ± 3 ly) across.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Cnone"><a href="#endnote_Cnone">[c]</a></sup> </p><p>The Crab Nebula currently is expanding outward at about 1,500 km/s (930 mi/s).<sup id="cite_ref-Bietneholz_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bietneholz-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Images taken several years apart reveal the slow expansion of the nebula,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by comparing this angular expansion with its <a href="/wiki/Redshift" title="Redshift">spectroscopically</a> determined expansion velocity, the nebula's distance can be estimated. In 1973, an analysis of many methods used to compute the distance to the nebula had reached a conclusion of about 1.9 kpc (6,300 ly), consistent with the currently cited value.<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1973_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tracing back its expansion (assuming a constant decrease of expansion speed due to the nebula's mass) yielded a date for the creation of the nebula several decades after 1054, implying that its outward velocity has decelerated less than assumed since the supernova explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1968_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1968-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reduced deceleration is believed to be caused by energy from the pulsar that feeds into the nebula's magnetic field, which expands and forces the nebula's filaments outward.<sup id="cite_ref-Bejgeretal2003_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bejgeretal2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass">Mass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estimates of the total mass of the nebula are important for estimating the mass of the supernova's progenitor star. The amount of matter contained in the Crab Nebula's filaments (ejecta mass of ionized and neutral gas; mostly <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenetal2004_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenetal2004-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is estimated to be <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7030914732999999999♠"></span>4.6<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.8 <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><i>M</i><sub>☉</sub></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fesenetal1997_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fesenetal1997-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helium-rich_torus">Helium-rich torus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Helium-rich torus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the many nebular components (or anomalies) of the Crab Nebula is a helium-rich <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a> which is visible as an east–west band crossing the pulsar region. The torus composes about 25% of the visible ejecta. However, it is suggested by calculation that about 95% of the torus is helium. As yet, there has been no plausible explanation put forth for the structure of the torus.<sup id="cite_ref-MacAlpineetal2007_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacAlpineetal2007-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_star">Central star</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Central star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M1.gif/300px-M1.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M1.gif/450px-M1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M1.gif/600px-M1.gif 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Slow-motion video of the Crab Pulsar, taken with OES Single-Photon-Camera.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv/220px--The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="110" data-mwtitle="The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv/The_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_Crab_Nebula_-_A_Flickering_X-ray_Candle.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Data from orbiting observatories show unexpected variations in the Crab Nebula's X-ray output, likely tied to the environment around its central neutron star.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/220px--NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="157" data-mwtitle="NASA's_Fermi_Spots_'Superflares'_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv/NASA%27s_Fermi_Spots_%27Superflares%27_in_the_Crab_Nebula.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>NASA's <a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a> spots 'superflares' in the Crab Nebula.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the center of the Crab Nebula are two faint stars, one of which is the star responsible for the existence of the nebula. It was identified as such in 1942, when <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Minkowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Minkowski">Rudolf Minkowski</a> found that its optical spectrum was extremely unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region around the star was found to be a strong source of radio waves in 1949<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and X-rays in 1963,<sup id="cite_ref-Bowyer_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowyer-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was identified as one of the brightest objects in the sky in <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in 1968, the star was found to be emitting its radiation in rapid pulses, becoming one of the first <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a> to be discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Green03_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pulsars are sources of powerful <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a>, emitted in short and extremely regular pulses many times a second. They were a great mystery when discovered in 1967, and the team who identified the first one considered the possibility that it could be a signal from an advanced civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the discovery of a pulsating radio source in the centre of the Crab Nebula was strong evidence that pulsars were formed by supernova explosions.<sup id="cite_ref-LaViolette_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaViolette-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They now are understood to be rapidly rotating <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron stars</a>, whose powerful <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic fields</a> concentrates their radiation emissions into narrow beams.<sup id="cite_ref-LaViolette135_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaViolette135-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crab Pulsar is believed to be about 28–30 km (17–19 mi) in diameter;<sup id="cite_ref-Bejgeretal2002_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bejgeretal2002-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it emits pulses of radiation every 33 <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond">milliseconds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pulses are emitted at <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">electromagnetic spectrum</a>, from radio waves to X-rays. Like all isolated pulsars, its period is slowing very gradually. Occasionally, its rotational period shows sharp changes, known as 'glitches', which are believed to be caused by a sudden realignment inside the neutron star. The rate of <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> released as the pulsar slows down is enormous, and it powers the emission of the synchrotron radiation of the Crab Nebula, which has a total <a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">luminosity</a> about 148,000 times greater than that of the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pulsar's extreme energy output creates an unusually dynamic region at the centre of the Crab Nebula. While most astronomical objects evolve so slowly that changes are visible only over timescales of many years, the inner parts of the Crab Nebula show changes over timescales of only a few days.<sup id="cite_ref-Hester996_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hester996-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most dynamic feature in the inner part of the nebula is the point where the pulsar's equatorial wind slams into the bulk of the nebula, forming a <a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">shock front</a>. The shape and position of this feature shifts rapidly, with the equatorial wind appearing as a series of wisp-like features that steepen, brighten, then fade as they move away from the pulsar to well out into the main body of the nebula.<sup id="cite_ref-Hester996_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hester996-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progenitor_star">Progenitor star</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Progenitor star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/220px-Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/330px-Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg/440px-Changes_in_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>This sequence of <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> images shows features in the inner Crab Nebula changing over a period of four months.</figcaption></figure> <p>The star that exploded as a supernova is referred to as the supernova's <i>progenitor star</i>. Two types of stars explode as supernovae: <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">white dwarfs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massive_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Massive stars">massive stars</a>. In the so-called <a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" title="Type Ia supernova">Type Ia supernovae</a>, gases falling onto a 'dead' white dwarf raise its mass until it nears a critical level, the <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a>, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Thermal_runaway" title="Thermal runaway">runaway nuclear fusion explosion</a> that obliterates the star; in <a href="/wiki/Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae" title="Type Ib and Ic supernovae">Type Ib/c</a> and <a href="/wiki/Type_II_supernova" title="Type II supernova">Type II</a> supernovae, the progenitor star is a massive star whose core runs out of fuel to power its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">nuclear fusion</a> reactions and collapses in on itself, releasing <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_potential_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational potential energy">gravitational potential energy</a> in a form that blows away the star's outer layers. Type Ia supernovae do not produce pulsars,<sup id="cite_ref-Pasachoff_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pasachoff-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the pulsar in the Crab Nebula shows it must have formed in a core-collapse supernova.<sup id="cite_ref-Maoz_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maoz-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theoretical models of supernova explosions suggest that the star that exploded to produce the Crab Nebula must have had a <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of between 9 and 11 <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><var>M</var><sub>☉</sub></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacAlpineetal2007_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacAlpineetal2007-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nomoto1985_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomoto1985-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stars with masses lower than 8 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> are thought to be too small to produce supernova explosions, and end their lives by producing a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_nebula" title="Planetary nebula">planetary nebula</a> instead, while a star heavier than 12 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> would have produced a nebula with a different chemical composition from that observed in the Crab Nebula.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidsonetal1985_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidsonetal1985-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent studies, however, suggest the progenitor could have been a <a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch#Super-AGB_stars" title="Asymptotic giant branch">super-asymptotic giant branch</a> star in the 8 to 10 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> range that would have exploded in an <a href="/wiki/Supernova#Electron-capture_supernovae" title="Supernova">electron-capture supernova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tominaga2013_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tominaga2013-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2021 a paper in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Astronomy" title="Nature Astronomy">Nature Astronomy</a></i> reported that the 2018 supernova <a href="/wiki/SN_2018zd" class="mw-redirect" title="SN 2018zd">SN 2018zd</a> (in the galaxy <a href="/wiki/NGC_2146" title="NGC 2146">NGC 2146</a>, about 31 million light-years from Earth) appeared to be the first observation of an electron-capture supernova<sup id="cite_ref-HowellEtAl2021-01a_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowellEtAl2021-01a-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KeckObsNews2021-06-28-01a_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeckObsNews2021-06-28-01a-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RTE2021-06-28-01a_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTE2021-06-28-01a-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1054 supernova explosion that created the Crab Nebula had been thought to be the best candidate for an electron-capture supernova, and the 2021 paper makes it more likely that this was correct.<sup id="cite_ref-KeckObsNews2021-06-28-01a_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeckObsNews2021-06-28-01a-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RTE2021-06-28-01a_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTE2021-06-28-01a-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant problem in studies of the Crab Nebula is that the combined mass of the nebula and the pulsar add up to considerably less than the predicted mass of the progenitor star, and the question of where the 'missing mass' is, remains unresolved.<sup id="cite_ref-Fesenetal1997_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fesenetal1997-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of the mass of the nebula are made by measuring the total amount of light emitted, and calculating the mass required, given the measured temperature and density of the nebula. Estimates range from about 1–5 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub>, with 2–3 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> being the generally accepted value.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidsonetal1985_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidsonetal1985-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neutron star mass is estimated to be between 1.4 and 2 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub>. </p><p>The predominant theory to account for the missing mass of the Crab Nebula is that a substantial proportion of the mass of the progenitor was carried away before the supernova explosion in a fast <a href="/wiki/Stellar_wind" title="Stellar wind">stellar wind</a>, a phenomenon commonly seen in <a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star" title="Wolf–Rayet star">Wolf–Rayet stars</a>. However, this would have created a shell around the nebula. Although attempts have been made at several wavelengths to observe a shell, none has yet been found.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transits_by_Solar_System_bodies">Transits by Solar System bodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transits by Solar System bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg/220px-Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg/330px-Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg/440px-Titan_transits_Crab_Nebula_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra</a> image showing Saturn's moon Titan transiting the nebula.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Crab Nebula lies roughly 1.5 degrees away from the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>—the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun. This means that the Moon—and occasionally, planets—can <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">transit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occult</a> the nebula. Although the Sun does not transit the nebula, its <a href="/wiki/Solar_corona" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar corona">corona</a> passes in front of it. These transits and occultations can be used to analyse both the nebula and the object passing in front of it, by observing how radiation from the nebula is altered by the transiting body. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar">Lunar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lunar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lunar transits have been used to map X-ray emissions from the nebula. Before the launch of X-ray-observing satellites, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a>, X-ray observations generally had quite low <a href="/wiki/Angular_resolution" title="Angular resolution">angular resolution</a>, but when the Moon passes in front of the nebula, its position is very accurately known, and so the variations in the nebula's brightness can be used to create maps of X-ray emission.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When X-rays were first observed from the Crab Nebula, a lunar occultation was used to determine the exact location of their source.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowyer_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowyer-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar">Solar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Solar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sun's <a href="/wiki/Solar_corona" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar corona">corona</a> passes in front of the Crab Nebula every June. Variations in the radio waves received from the Crab Nebula at this time can be used to infer details about the corona's density and structure. Early observations established that the corona extended out to much greater distances than had previously been thought; later observations found that the corona contained substantial density variations.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_objects">Other objects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very rarely, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> transits the Crab Nebula. Its transit on 4 January 2003 (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>) was the first since 31 December 1295 (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a>); another will not occur until 5 August 2267. Researchers used the Chandra X-ray Observatory to observe Saturn's moon <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a> as it crossed the nebula, and found that Titan's X-ray 'shadow' was larger than its solid surface, due to absorption of X-rays in its atmosphere. These observations showed that the thickness of Titan's atmosphere is 880 km (550 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transit of Saturn itself could not be observed, because Chandra was passing through the <a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_belts" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Allen belts">Van Allen belts</a> at the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Crab Nebula seen in radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma-rays (8 March 2015)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png/500px-Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png/750px-Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png/1000px-Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png 2x" data-file-width="2735" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula_in_Multiple_Wavelengths.png" title="File:Crab Nebula in Multiple Wavelengths.png"> </a></div>The Crab Nebula seen in <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_astronomy" title="Infrared astronomy">infrared</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible light">visible light</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">ultraviolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">gamma-rays</a> (8 March 2015)</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Crab Nebula – five observatories (10 May 2017)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg/500px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg/750px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg/1000px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5290" data-file-height="6348" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg" title="File:PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Text.jpg"> </a></div>The Crab Nebula – five observatories (10 May 2017)</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif/500px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif/750px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif/1000px-PIA21474-CrabNebula-5Observatories-Animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The Crab Nebula – five observatories (animation; 10 May 2017)</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Crab Nebula imaged using James Webb Space Telescope in infrared via its NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument). (30 October 2023)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png/500px-Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="435" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png/750px-Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png/1000px-Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png 2x" data-file-width="10509" data-file-height="9151" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula_imaged_using_James_Webb_Space_Telescope.png" title="File:Crab Nebula imaged using James Webb Space Telescope.png"> </a></div>Crab Nebula imaged using <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Infrared_astronomy" title="Infrared astronomy">infrared</a> via its <a href="/wiki/NIRCam" title="NIRCam">NIRCam</a> (Near-Infrared Camera) and <a href="/wiki/Mid-Infrared_Instrument" title="Mid-Infrared Instrument">MIRI</a> (Mid-Infrared Instrument). (30 October 2023)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nebulae" title="Lists of nebulae">Lists of nebulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_object#Messier_objects" title="Messier object">List of Messier objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Crab_Nebula" title="Southern Crab Nebula">Southern Crab Nebula</a>, so named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, but visible from the southern hemisphere</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_anticenter" title="Galactic anticenter">Galactic anticenter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol type="a"> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Anone"><a href="#ref_Anone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Size as measured on a very deep plate taken by Sidney van den Bergh in late 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1973_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bergh1970_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergh1970-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bnone"><a href="#ref_Bnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Apparent magnitude of 8.4—<a href="/wiki/Distance_modulus" title="Distance modulus">distance modulus</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001115000000000000♠"></span>11.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.5</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000310000000000000♠"></span>−3.1<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.5</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Cnone"><a href="#ref_Cnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> distance × tan ( diameter_angle = 420″ ) = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000409999999999999♠"></span>4.1<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.0</span> pc diameter = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001130000000000000♠"></span>13<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>3</span>-light-year diameter</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Dnone"><a href="#ref_Dnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> The nature of nebula at the time was unknown.</li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-simbad-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-simbad_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simbad_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simbad_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=M+1">"M 1"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SIMBAD" title="SIMBAD">SIMBAD</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg" title="Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg">Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIMBAD&rft.atitle=M+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-basic%3FIdent%3DM%2B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplanetal2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplanetal2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplanetal2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplanChatterjeeGaenslerAnderson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan, David L.; et al. (2008). 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"The Crab Nebula, a Probable Supernova". <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific_Leaflets" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets">Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets</a></i>. <b>3</b> (119): 145. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939ASPL....3..145M">1939ASPL....3..145M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific+Leaflets&rft.atitle=The+Crab+Nebula%2C+a+Probable+Supernova&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=119&rft.pages=145&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939ASPL....3..145M&rft.aulast=Mayall&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons1844" class="citation journal cs1">Parsons, William (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-108366/108366#page/n5/mode/2up">"Observations on Some of the Nebulae"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>134</b>. fig. 81, plate xviii, p. 321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1844.0012">10.1098/rstl.1844.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/108366">108366</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186212669">186212669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Observations+on+Some+of+the+Nebulae&rft.volume=134&rft.pages=fig.+81%2C+plate+xviii%2C+p.+321&rft.date=1844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186212669%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F108366%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1844.0012&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjstor-108366%2F108366%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1975" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Kenneth Glyn (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGW1AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Search for the Nebulae</i></a>. Alpha Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905193-01-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905193-01-4"><bdi>978-0-905193-01-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+the+Nebulae&rft.pub=Alpha+Academic&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-905193-01-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Glyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGW1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeverington2012" class="citation book cs1">Leverington, David (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r47qBwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Astronomy: from 1890 to the Present</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-2124-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-2124-4"><bdi>978-1-4471-2124-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Astronomy%3A+from+1890+to+the+Present&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4471-2124-4&rft.aulast=Leverington&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr47qBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lundmark-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lundmark_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundmark_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F123101">10.1086/123101</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40668518">40668518</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120275870">120275870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=Suspected+New+Stars+Recorded+in+Old+Chronicles+and+Among+Recent+Meridian+Observations&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=195&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E225-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F123101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120275870%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40668518%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1921PASP...33..225L&rft.aulast=Lundmark&rft.aufirst=Knut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1431279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duncan-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duncan_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1921" class="citation journal cs1">Duncan, John Charles (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084821">"Changes Observed in the Crab Nebula in Taurus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i>. <b>7</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">179–</span>181. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1921PNAS....7..179D">1921PNAS....7..179D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.7.6.179">10.1073/pnas.7.6.179</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084821">1084821</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16586833">16586833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Changes+Observed+in+the+Crab+Nebula+in+Taurus&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1084821%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16586833&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.7.6.179&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1921PNAS....7..179D&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=John+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1084821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Srinivasan1997-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Srinivasan1997_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasan1997" 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Springer Science. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-61520-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-61520-0"><bdi>978-3-540-61520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neutron+Stars&rft.btitle=Stellar+Remnants&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+1995%2C+Swiss+Society+for+Astrophysics+and+Astronomy&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-540-61520-0&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79OhUC30PkkC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usui2007-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Usui2007_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsui2007" class="citation web cs1">Usui, Tadashi (11 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193701/http://homepage3.nifty.com/silver-moon/teika/teika-e.htm">"Why and how did a Japanese poet record the Supernova of AD 1054?"</a>. 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Bear & Co. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59143-062-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59143-062-9"><bdi>978-1-59143-062-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decoding+the+Message+of+the+Pulsars%3A+Intelligent+Communication+from+the+Galaxy&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Bear+%26+Co.&rft.date=2006-04&rft.isbn=978-1-59143-062-9&rft.aulast=LaViolette&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIv1W3njGhrIC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaViolette135-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaViolette135_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaViolette2006" class="citation book cs1">LaViolette, Paul A. 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Bear & Co. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59143-062-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59143-062-9"><bdi>978-1-59143-062-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decoding+the+Message+of+the+Pulsars%3A+Intelligent+Communication+from+the+Galaxy&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Bear+%26+Co.&rft.date=2006-04&rft.isbn=978-1-59143-062-9&rft.aulast=LaViolette&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIv1W3njGhrIC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bejgeretal2002-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bejgeretal2002_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBejgerHaensel2002" class="citation journal cs1">Bejger, M. & Haensel, P. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-27695-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-27695-6"><bdi>978-1-107-27695-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cosmos%3A+Astronomy+in+the+New+Millennium&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-08&rft.isbn=978-1-107-27695-6&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Jay+M.&rft.au=Filippenko%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyQMlAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maoz-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maoz_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaoz2011" class="citation book cs1">Maoz, Dan (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yWidGMhCNX8C&pg=PA90"><i>Astrophysics in a Nutshell</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3934-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3934-6"><bdi>978-1-4008-3934-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrophysics+in+a+Nutshell&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3934-6&rft.aulast=Maoz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyWidGMhCNX8C%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomoto1985-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomoto1985_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNomoto1985" class="citation conference cs1">Nomoto, K. 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"Supernova explosions of super-asymptotic giant branch stars: multicolor light curves of electron-capture supernovae". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astrophysical Journal Letters">The Astrophysical Journal Letters</a></i>. <b>771</b> (1): L12. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6813">1305.6813</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...771L..12T">2013ApJ...771L..12T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F771%2F1%2FL12">10.1088/2041-8205/771/1/L12</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118860608">118860608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal+Letters&rft.atitle=Supernova+explosions+of+super-asymptotic+giant+branch+stars%3A+multicolor+light+curves+of+electron-capture+supernovae&rft.volume=771&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=L12&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1305.6813&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118860608%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F771%2F1%2FL12&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013ApJ...771L..12T&rft.aulast=Tominaga&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Blinnikov%2C+S.+I.&rft.au=Nomoto%2C+Ken%27Ichi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HowellEtAl2021-01a-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HowellEtAl2021-01a_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiramatsuHowellVan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hiramatsu D, Howell D, Van S, et al. 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M. Keck Observatory">W. M. Keck Observatory</a></i>. 28 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W.+M.+Keck+Observatory&rft.atitle=New%2C+Third+Type+Of+Supernova+Observed&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeckobservatory.org%2Felectron-capture-supernova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTE2021-06-28-01a-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RTE2021-06-28-01a_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RTE2021-06-28-01a_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/newslens/2021/0628/1231824-supernova-crab-nebula/">"Astronomers discover new type of supernova"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RTE_News" class="mw-redirect" title="RTE News">RTE News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Association">PA</a>. 28 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Astronomers+discover+new+type+of+supernova&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fnewslens%2F2021%2F0628%2F1231824-supernova-crab-nebula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrailKassimCornwellGoss1995" class="citation journal cs1">Frail, D. A.; et al. (1995). 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M.; et al. (1975). 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C. (1964). 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(2004). "An X-Ray Measurement of Titan's Atmospheric Extent from Its Transit of the Crab Nebula". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>. <b>607</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">1065–</span>1069. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0403283">astro-ph/0403283</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ApJ...607.1065M">2004ApJ...607.1065M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F383521">10.1086/383521</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8836905">8836905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=An+X-Ray+Measurement+of+Titan%27s+Atmospheric+Extent+from+Its+Transit+of+the+Crab+Nebula&rft.volume=607&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1065-%3C%2Fspan%3E1069&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0403283&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8836905%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F383521&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004ApJ...607.1065M&rft.aulast=Mori&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Tsunemi%2C+H.&rft.au=Katayama%2C+H.&rft.au=Burrows%2C+D.+N.&rft.au=Garmire%2C+G.+P.&rft.au=Metzger%2C+A.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span> Chandra images used by Mori <i>et al.</i> can be viewed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2004/titan/">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergh1970-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergh1970_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_Bergh1970" class="citation journal cs1">van den Bergh, Sidney (1970). "A Jetlike Structure Associated with the Crab Nebula". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astrophysical Journal Letters">The Astrophysical Journal Letters</a></i>. <b>160</b>: L27. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970ApJ...160L..27V">1970ApJ...160L..27V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F180516">10.1086/180516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal+Letters&rft.atitle=A+Jetlike+Structure+Associated+with+the+Crab+Nebula&rft.volume=160&rft.pages=L27&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F180516&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1970ApJ...160L..27V&rft.aulast=van+den+Bergh&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrab+Nebula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crab_Nebula&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Messier_1" class="extiw" title="commons:Messier 1"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Messier 1</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Crab Nebula on <a href="/wiki/WikiSky" class="mw-redirect" title="WikiSky">WikiSky</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=DSS2">DSS2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=SDSS">SDSS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=GALEX">GALEX</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=IRAS">IRAS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=HALPHA">Hydrogen α</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=RASS">X-Ray</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula&img_source=IMG_all">Astrophoto</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?object=Crab+Nebula">Sky Map</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/starview?object=Crab+Nebula">Articles and images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/snrs/snrs.G184.6-5.8.html">Crab Nebula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> Catalogue of Galactic Supernova Remnants</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messier.seds.org/m/m001.html">Crab Nebula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/SEDS" class="mw-redirect" title="SEDS">SEDS</a> Messier index</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/crab/crab.html">Crab Nebula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a> Field Guide series</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/?search=crab+nebula">Crab Nebula images</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astrobin.com/full/327338/0/">Animation of expansion from 2008–2017</a> by Detlef Hartmann</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astronomical_catalogs" title="Template:Astronomical catalogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astronomical_catalogs" title="Template talk:Astronomical catalogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astronomical_catalogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astronomical catalogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Astronomical_catalogs646" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_catalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical catalog">Astronomical catalogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Messier_object" title="Messier object">Messier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b>M1</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_2" title="Messier 2">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_3" title="Messier 3">M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_4" title="Messier 4">M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_5" title="Messier 5">M5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier 6">M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_7" title="Messier 7">M7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier 8">M8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_9" title="Messier 9">M9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_10" title="Messier 10">M10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1947" title="NGC 1947">NGC 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1948 (page does not exist)">NGC 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1949 (page does not exist)">NGC 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1950 (page does not exist)">NGC 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1951 (page does not exist)">NGC 1951</a></li> <li><b>NGC 1952</b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1953 (page does not exist)">NGC 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1954" title="NGC 1954">NGC 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1955" title="NGC 1955">NGC 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1956 (page does not exist)">NGC 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 1957 (page does not exist)">NGC 1957</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Messier_objects396" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Messier_objects" title="Template:Messier objects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Messier_objects" title="Template talk:Messier objects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Messier_objects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Messier objects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Messier_objects396" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Messier_object" title="Messier object">Messier objects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Messier_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Messier objects">List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_2" title="Messier 2">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_3" title="Messier 3">M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_4" title="Messier 4">M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_5" title="Messier 5">M5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_Cluster" title="Butterfly Cluster">M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_7" title="Messier 7">M7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon_Nebula" title="Lagoon Nebula">M8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_9" title="Messier 9">M9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_10" title="Messier 10">M10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Duck_Cluster" title="Wild Duck Cluster">M11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_12" title="Messier 12">M12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_13" title="Messier 13">M13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_14" title="Messier 14">M14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_15" title="Messier 15">M15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Nebula" title="Eagle Nebula">M16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Nebula" title="Omega Nebula">M17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_18" title="Messier 18">M18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_19" title="Messier 19">M19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifid_Nebula" title="Trifid Nebula">M20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_21" title="Messier 21">M21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_22" title="Messier 22">M22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_23" title="Messier 23">M23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Sagittarius_Star_Cloud" title="Small Sagittarius Star Cloud">M24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_25" title="Messier 25">M25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_26" title="Messier 26">M26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbbell_Nebula" title="Dumbbell Nebula">M27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_28" title="Messier 28">M28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_29" title="Messier 29">M29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_30" title="Messier 30">M30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_32" title="Messier 32">M32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_34" title="Messier 34">M34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_35" title="Messier 35">M35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_36" title="Messier 36">M36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_37" title="Messier 37">M37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_38" title="Messier 38">M38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_39" title="Messier 39">M39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnecke_4" title="Winnecke 4">M40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_41" title="Messier 41">M41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Nebula" title="Orion Nebula">M42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_43" title="Messier 43">M43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_Cluster" title="Beehive Cluster">M44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">M45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_46" title="Messier 46">M46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_47" title="Messier 47">M47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_48" title="Messier 48">M48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_49" title="Messier 49">M49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_50" title="Messier 50">M50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy" title="Whirlpool Galaxy">M51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_52" title="Messier 52">M52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_53" title="Messier 53">M53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_54" title="Messier 54">M54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_55" title="Messier 55">M55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_56" title="Messier 56">M56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_Nebula" title="Ring Nebula">M57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_58" title="Messier 58">M58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_59" title="Messier 59">M59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_60" title="Messier 60">M60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_61" title="Messier 61">M61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_62" title="Messier 62">M62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_63" title="Messier 63">M63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eye_Galaxy" title="Black Eye Galaxy">M64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_65" title="Messier 65">M65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_66" title="Messier 66">M66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_67" title="Messier 67">M67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_68" title="Messier 68">M68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_69" title="Messier 69">M69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_70" title="Messier 70">M70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_71" title="Messier 71">M71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_72" title="Messier 72">M72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_73" title="Messier 73">M73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_74" title="Messier 74">M74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_75" title="Messier 75">M75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dumbbell_Nebula" title="Little Dumbbell Nebula">M76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_77" title="Messier 77">M77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_78" title="Messier 78">M78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_79" title="Messier 79">M79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_80" title="Messier 80">M80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_81" title="Messier 81">M81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_82" title="Messier 82">M82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_83" title="Messier 83">M83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_84" title="Messier 84">M84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_85" title="Messier 85">M85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_86" title="Messier 86">M86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_87" title="Messier 87">M87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_88" title="Messier 88">M88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_89" title="Messier 89">M89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_90" title="Messier 90">M90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_91" title="Messier 91">M91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_92" title="Messier 92">M92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_93" title="Messier 93">M93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_94" title="Messier 94">M94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_95" title="Messier 95">M95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_96" title="Messier 96">M96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_Nebula" title="Owl Nebula">M97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_99" title="Messier 99">M99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_100" title="Messier 100">M100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinwheel_Galaxy" title="Pinwheel Galaxy">M101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_102" title="Messier 102">M102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_103" title="Messier 103">M103</a></li> <li>Added <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_Galaxy" title="Sombrero Galaxy">M104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_105" title="Messier 105">M105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_106" title="Messier 106">M106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_107" title="Messier 107">M107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_108" title="Messier 108">M108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_109" title="Messier 109">M109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_110" title="Messier 110">M110</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier"><img alt="Painting of Charles Messier, creator of the Messier catalog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/80px-Charles_Messier.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/120px-Charles_Messier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/160px-Charles_Messier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="787" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_catalogue" title="Caldwell catalogue">Caldwell catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Nebulae_and_Clusters_of_Stars" title="Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars">Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_400_Catalogue" title="Herschel 400 Catalogue">Herschel 400 Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Index Catalogue">Index Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_New_General_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Revised New General Catalogue">Revised New General Catalogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Messier_objects" title="Category:Messier objects">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Messier_objects" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Messier objects">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sharpless_catalog109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh_2_objects" title="Template:Sh 2 objects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh_2_objects" title="Template talk:Sh 2 objects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh_2_objects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sh 2 objects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sharpless_catalog109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sharpless_catalog" title="Sharpless catalog">Sharpless catalog</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-1" title="Sh 2-1">Sh 2-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-2" title="Sh 2-2">Sh 2-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCW_120" title="RCW 120">Sh 2-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-4 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6357" title="NGC 6357">Sh 2-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6302" title="NGC 6302">Sh 2-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-7" title="Sh 2-7">Sh 2-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6334" title="NGC 6334">Sh 2-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-9" title="Sh 2-9">Sh 2-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-10" title="Sh 2-10">Sh 2-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6357" title="NGC 6357">Sh 2-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-12 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-13 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-14 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-15 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-16 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-17 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-18 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-19 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-20 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-20</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-21 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-22 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-23 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-24 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon_Nebula" title="Lagoon Nebula">Sh 2-25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-26 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-27 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-28 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-29 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifid_Nebula" title="Trifid Nebula">Sh 2-30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-31 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-32 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-32</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-33 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-34 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-35 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-36 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IC_1284&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IC 1284 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-38 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-39 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-39</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-40 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-41 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-42 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-43 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-43</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-44 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Nebula" title="Omega Nebula">Sh 2-45</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-46 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-46</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-47 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-48 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Nebula" title="Eagle Nebula">Sh 2-49</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-50 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-50</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-51 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abell_65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abell 65 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-53 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-54" title="Sh 2-54">Sh 2-54</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-55 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-55</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-56 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-56</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-57 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-57</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-58 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-58</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-59 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-59</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-60 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-61 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-61</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-62 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-62</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-63&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-63 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerhout_40" title="Westerhout 40">Sh 2-64</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-65 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-65</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-66 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-66</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-67&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-67 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-67</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-68 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-68</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-69 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-69</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-70 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-71 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-71</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-72 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-72</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-73 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-73</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-74 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-74</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-75 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-76&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-76 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-76</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-77 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-77</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-78&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-78 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-78</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-79 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-79</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-80 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-80</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-81 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-81</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-82 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-82</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-83 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-83</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-84 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-84</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-85 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6820_and_NGC_6823" title="NGC 6820 and NGC 6823">Sh 2-86</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-87 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-88" title="Sh 2-88">Sh 2-88</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-89 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-89</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-90 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-91 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-92 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-92</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-93 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-94 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-94</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-95 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-95</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-96 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-96</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-97 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-97</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-98 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-98</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-99 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-99</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-100 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-101" title="Sh 2-101">Sh 2-101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-102 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Loop" title="Cygnus Loop">Sh 2-103</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-104 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Nebula" title="Crescent Nebula">Sh 2-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-106" title="Sh 2-106">Sh 2-106</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-107 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_Region" title="Sadr Region">Sh 2-108</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-109 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-110 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-111&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-111 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-111</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-112&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-112 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-113" title="Sh 2-113">Sh 2-113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-114 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-114</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-115 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-115</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-116 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_Nebula" title="North America Nebula">Sh 2-117</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-118&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-118 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-118</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-119 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-119</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-120 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-121 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-121</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-122 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-122</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-123&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-123 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-123</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-124 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_5146" title="IC 5146">Sh 2-125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-126&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-126 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-126</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-127 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-127</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-128&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-128 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-128</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-129 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-130 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant%27s_Trunk_Nebula" title="Elephant's Trunk Nebula">Sh 2-131</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-132&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-132 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-132</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-133&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-133 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-133</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-134 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-134</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-135 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Nebula" title="Ghost Nebula">Sh 2-136</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-137&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-137 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-137</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-138&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-138 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-138</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-139&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-139 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-140" title="Sh 2-140">Sh 2-140</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-141&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-141 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7380" title="NGC 7380">Sh 2-142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-143&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-143 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-143</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-144&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-144 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-144</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-145 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-145</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-146&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-146 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-146</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-147&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-147 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-147</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-148&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-148 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-148</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-149&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-149 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-149</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-150&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-150 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-150</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-151&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-151 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-151</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-152&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-152 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-152</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-153&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-153 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-153</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-154 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-155" title="Sh 2-155">Sh 2-155</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IC_1470&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IC 1470 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-156</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-157 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7538" title="NGC 7538">Sh 2-158</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-159&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-159 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-159</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-160 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-160</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-161 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7635" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 7635">Sh 2-162</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-163 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-163</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-164&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-164 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-164</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-165&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-165 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-165</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-166&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-166 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-166</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-167&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-167 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-167</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-168&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-168 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-168</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-169 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-169</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-170 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7822" title="NGC 7822">Sh 2-171</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-172 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-172</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-173 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-174&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-174 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-174</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-175&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-175 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-175</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-176 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-176</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-177&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-177 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-177</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-178&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-178 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-178</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-179&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-179 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-179</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-180&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-180 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-180</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-181&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-181 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-181</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-182 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-182</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-183&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-183 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_281" title="NGC 281">Sh 2-184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-185" title="Sh 2-185">Sh 2-185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-186 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-186</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-187&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-187 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-187</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-188&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-188 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-188</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abell_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abell 3 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Nebula" title="Heart Nebula">Sh 2-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffei_1" title="Maffei 1">Sh 2-191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-192 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-192</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-193&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-193 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-193</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-194&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-194 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-194</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-195 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-196&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-196 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffei_2" title="Maffei 2">Sh 2-197</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-198&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-198 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerhout_5" title="Westerhout 5">Sh 2-199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-201" title="Sh 2-201">Sh 2-201</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-202&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-202 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-202</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-203 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-204&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-204 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-204</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-205&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-205 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1491" title="NGC 1491">Sh 2-206</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-207&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-207 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-207</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-208 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-208</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-209&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-209 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-209</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-210&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-210 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-210</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-211&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-211 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1624" title="NGC 1624">Sh 2-212</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-213 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-214&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-214 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-214</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-215&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-215 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-215</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-216 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-217 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-217</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-218&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-218 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-218</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-219&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-219 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Nebula" title="California Nebula">Sh 2-220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-221&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-221 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1579" title="NGC 1579">Sh 2-222</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-223&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-223 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-223</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-224&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-224 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-224</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-225&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-225 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-225</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-226&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-226 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-226</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-227&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-227 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-227</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-228&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-228 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_405" title="IC 405">Sh 2-229</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-230&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-230 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-231&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-231 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-231</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-232&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-232 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-232</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-233&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-233 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-233</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IC_417&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IC 417 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-234</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-235 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-235</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-236 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1931" title="NGC 1931">Sh 2-237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1555" title="NGC 1555">Sh 2-238</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-239&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-239 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeis_147" title="Simeis 147">Sh 2-240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-241&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-241 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-241</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-242&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-242 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-242</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-243 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-243</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sh 2-244</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-245&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-245 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-245</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-246&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-246 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-246</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-247&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-247 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-247</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_443" title="IC 443">Sh 2-248</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-249&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-249 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-249</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-250 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-250</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-251&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-251 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-252 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-253&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-253 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-253</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-254&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-254 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-254</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-255&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-255 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-255</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-256&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-256 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-256</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-257&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-257 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-257</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-258&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-258 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-258</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-259&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-259 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-259</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-260&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-260 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-261&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-261 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-261</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-262&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-262 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-262</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-263&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-263 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-264" title="Sh 2-264">Sh 2-264</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-265&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-265 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-265</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-266&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-266 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-266</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-267 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-268&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-268 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-269&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-269 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-270&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-270 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-270</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-271&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-271 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-271</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-272 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Fur_Nebula" title="Fox Fur Nebula">Sh 2-273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_Nebula" title="Medusa Nebula">Sh 2-274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_Nebula" title="Rosette Nebula">Sh 2-275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Loop" title="Barnard's Loop">Sh 2-276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_Nebula" title="Flame Nebula">Sh 2-277</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-278&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-278 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-279" title="Sh 2-279">Sh 2-279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-280&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-280 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Nebula" title="Orion Nebula">Sh 2-281</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-282&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-282 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-283 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-283</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-284&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-284 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-284</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-285&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-285 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-285</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-286 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-286</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-287&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-287 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-287</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-288 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-289&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-289 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abell_31" title="Abell 31">Sh 2-290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-291&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-291 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_2177" title="IC 2177">Sh 2-292</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-293&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-293 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-293</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-294 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-295 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-296 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-297" title="Sh 2-297">Sh 2-297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_2359" title="NGC 2359">Sh 2-298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-299&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-299 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-299</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-301 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-302&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-302 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-302</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-303 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-303</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-304 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-304</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-305&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-305 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-306 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-306</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-307&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-307 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-308" title="Sh 2-308">Sh 2-308</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-309&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-309 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-309</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-310 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-310</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-311 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_2-312&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh 2-312 (page does not exist)">Sh 2-312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abell_35" title="Abell 35">Sh 2-313</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gum_catalog" title="Gum catalog">Gum catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCW_Catalogue" title="RCW Catalogue">RCW Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Sharpless" title="Stewart Sharpless">Stewart Sharpless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_General_Catalogue_1001_to_2000162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NGC_objects:1001-2000" title="Template:NGC objects:1001-2000"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NGC_objects:1001-2000" title="Template talk:NGC objects:1001-2000"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NGC_objects:1001-2000" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NGC objects:1001-2000"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_General_Catalogue_1001_to_2000162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a> <small><i>1001 to 2000</i></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1001" title="NGC 1001">1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1003" title="NGC 1003">1003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1004" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1004">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1009" title="NGC 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1012" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1014" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1015" title="NGC 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1019" title="NGC 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1022" title="NGC 1022">1022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1023" title="NGC 1023">1023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1024" title="NGC 1024">1024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1027" title="NGC 1027">1027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1032" title="NGC 1032">1032</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1037" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1037">1037</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_34" title="Messier 34">1039</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1042" title="NGC 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1049" title="NGC 1049">1049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1052" title="NGC 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1055" title="NGC 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1058" title="NGC 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1059" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1059">1059</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1060" title="NGC 1060">1060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1062" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1062">1062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_77" title="Messier 77">1068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1073" title="NGC 1073">1073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1077" title="NGC 1077">1077</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1079" title="NGC 1079">1079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1084" title="NGC 1084">1084</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1086" title="NGC 1086">1086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1087" title="NGC 1087">1087</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1090" title="NGC 1090">1090</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1097" title="NGC 1097">1097</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1100" title="NGC 1100">1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1101" title="NGC 1101">1101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1106" title="NGC 1106">1106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1110" title="NGC 1110">1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1111" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1111">1111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1113" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1113">1113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1128" title="NGC 1128">1128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1132" title="NGC 1132">1132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1134" title="NGC 1134">1134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1140" title="NGC 1140">1140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1142" title="NGC 1142">1142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1144" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1144">1144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1146" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1146">1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1147" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1147">1147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1153" title="NGC 1153">1153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1154" title="NGC 1154">1154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1155" title="NGC 1155">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1156" title="NGC 1156">1156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1157" title="NGC 1157">1157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1158" title="NGC 1158">1158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1159" title="NGC 1159">1159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1160" title="NGC 1160">1160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1161" title="NGC 1161">1161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1162" title="NGC 1162">1162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1163" title="NGC 1163">1163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1164" title="NGC 1164">1164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1165" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1165">1165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1166" title="NGC 1166">1166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1167" title="NGC 1167">1167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1168" title="NGC 1168">1168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1169" title="NGC 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1170" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1170">1170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1172" title="NGC 1172">1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1173" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1173">1173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1175" title="NGC 1175">1175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1176" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1176">1176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1178" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1178">1178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1183" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1183">1183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1187" title="NGC 1187">1187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1189" title="NGC 1189">1189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1190" title="NGC 1190">1190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1191" title="NGC 1191">1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1192" title="NGC 1192">1192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1193" title="NGC 1193">1193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1197" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1197">1197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1198" title="NGC 1198">1198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1199" title="NGC 1199">1199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1210" title="NGC 1210">1210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1218" title="NGC 1218">1218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1220" title="NGC 1220">1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1222" title="NGC 1222">1222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1232" title="NGC 1232">1232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1233" title="NGC 1233">1233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1234" title="NGC 1234">1234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1235" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1235">1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1237" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1237">1237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1240" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1240">1240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1241" title="NGC 1241">1241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1243" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1243">1243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1245" title="NGC 1245">1245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1249" title="NGC 1249">1249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1250" title="NGC 1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1252" title="NGC 1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1253" title="NGC 1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1255" title="NGC 1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1257" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1258" title="NGC 1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1259" title="NGC 1259">1259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1260" title="NGC 1260">1260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1261" title="NGC 1261">1261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1262" title="NGC 1262">1262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1264" title="NGC 1264">1264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1265" title="NGC 1265">1265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1266" title="NGC 1266">1266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1267" title="NGC 1267">1267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1268" title="NGC 1268">1268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1269" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1269">1269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1270" title="NGC 1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1271" title="NGC 1271">1271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1272" title="NGC 1272">1272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1273" title="NGC 1273">1273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1274" title="NGC 1274">1274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1275" title="NGC 1275">1275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1276" title="NGC 1276">1276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1277" title="NGC 1277">1277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1278" title="NGC 1278">1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1279" title="NGC 1279">1279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1281" title="NGC 1281">1281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1282" title="NGC 1282">1282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1283" title="NGC 1283">1283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1285" title="NGC 1285">1285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1288" title="NGC 1288">1288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1291" title="NGC 1291">1291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1293" title="NGC 1293">1293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1294" title="NGC 1294">1294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1300" title="NGC 1300">1300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1309" title="NGC 1309">1309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1310" title="NGC 1310">1310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1312" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1312">1312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1313" title="NGC 1313">1313</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1316" title="NGC 1316">1316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1317" title="NGC 1317">1317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1318" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1318">1318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1320" title="NGC 1320">1320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1325" title="NGC 1325">1325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1326" title="NGC 1326">1326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1330" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1330">1330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1332" title="NGC 1332">1332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1333" title="NGC 1333">1333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1334" title="NGC 1334">1334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1337" title="NGC 1337">1337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1340" title="NGC 1340">1340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1341" title="NGC 1341">1341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1342" title="NGC 1342">1342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1344" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1344">1344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1345" title="NGC 1345">1345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1347" title="NGC 1347">1347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1350" title="NGC 1350">1350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1351" title="NGC 1351">1351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1353" title="NGC 1353">1353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1356" title="NGC 1356">1356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1357" title="NGC 1357">1357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1360" title="NGC 1360">1360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1365" title="NGC 1365">1365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1367" title="NGC 1367">1367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1369" title="NGC 1369">1369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1373" title="NGC 1373">1373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1374" title="NGC 1374">1374</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1375" title="NGC 1375">1375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1376" title="NGC 1376">1376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1378" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1378">1378</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1379" title="NGC 1379">1379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1380" title="NGC 1380">1380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1381" title="NGC 1381">1381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1385" title="NGC 1385">1385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1386" title="NGC 1386">1386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1387" title="NGC 1387">1387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1392" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1392">1392</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1395" title="NGC 1395">1395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1396" title="NGC 1396">1396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1398" title="NGC 1398">1398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1399" title="NGC 1399">1399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1400" title="NGC 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1403" title="NGC 1403">1403</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1404" title="NGC 1404">1404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1406" title="NGC 1406">1406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1407" title="NGC 1407">1407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1408" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1408">1408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1409" title="NGC 1409">1409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1410" title="NGC 1410">1410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1419" title="NGC 1419">1419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1420" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1420">1420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1421" title="NGC 1421">1421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1425" title="NGC 1425">1425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1426" title="NGC 1426">1426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1427" title="NGC 1427">1427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1428" title="NGC 1428">1428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1429" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1429">1429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1430" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1430">1430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia_(star)" title="Maia (star)">1432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1433" title="NGC 1433">1433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1435" title="NGC 1435">1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1436" title="NGC 1436">1436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1437" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1437">1437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1439" title="NGC 1439">1439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1443" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1443">1443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1444" title="NGC 1444">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1446" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1446">1446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1448" title="NGC 1448">1448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1452" title="NGC 1452">1452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1454" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1454">1454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1452" title="NGC 1452">1455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1456" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1456">1456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1457" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1457">1457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1460" title="NGC 1460">1460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1466" title="NGC 1466">1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1479" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1479">1479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1480" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1480">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1482" title="NGC 1482">1482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1483" title="NGC 1483">1483</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1484" title="NGC 1484">1484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1487" title="NGC 1487">1487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1488" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1488">1488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1491" title="NGC 1491">1491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1493" title="NGC 1493">1493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1498" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1498">1498</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Nebula" title="California Nebula">1499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1501" title="NGC 1501">1501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1502" title="NGC 1502">1502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1510" title="NGC 1510">1510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1511" title="NGC 1511">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1512" title="NGC 1512">1512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1513" title="NGC 1513">1513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1514" title="NGC 1514">1514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1515" title="NGC 1515">1515</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1520" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1520">1520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1523" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1523">1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1528" title="NGC 1528">1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1530" title="NGC 1530">1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1531" title="NGC 1531">1531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1532" title="NGC 1532">1532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1533" title="NGC 1533">1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1535" title="NGC 1535">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1536" title="NGC 1536">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1537" title="NGC 1537">1537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1543" title="NGC 1543">1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1545" title="NGC 1545">1545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1546" title="NGC 1546">1546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1549" title="NGC 1549">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1553" title="NGC 1553">1553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1554" title="NGC 1554">1554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1555" title="NGC 1555">1555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1557" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1557">1557</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1559" title="NGC 1559">1559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1560" title="NGC 1560">1560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1566" title="NGC 1566">1566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1569" title="NGC 1569">1569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1570" title="NGC 1570">1570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1571" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1571">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1573" title="NGC 1573">1573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1574" title="NGC 1574">1574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1579" title="NGC 1579">1579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1581" title="NGC 1581">1581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1585" title="NGC 1585">1585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1590" title="NGC 1590">1590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1592" title="NGC 1592">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1596" title="NGC 1596">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1600" title="NGC 1600">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1602" title="NGC 1602">1602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1610" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1610">1610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1614" title="NGC 1614">1614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1616" title="NGC 1616">1616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1617" title="NGC 1617">1617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1619" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1619">1619</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1620" title="NGC 1620">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1624" title="NGC 1624">1624</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1637" title="NGC 1637">1637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1639" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1639">1639</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1642" title="NGC 1642">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1647" title="NGC 1647">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1655" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1655">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1662" title="NGC 1662">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1664" title="NGC 1664">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1671" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1671">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1672" title="NGC 1672">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1674" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1674">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1675" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1675">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1683" title="NGC 1683">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1700" title="NGC 1700">1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1701" title="NGC 1701">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1703" title="NGC 1703">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1705" title="NGC 1705">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1707" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1707">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1712" title="NGC 1712">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1714" title="NGC 1714">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1719" title="NGC 1719">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1721" title="NGC 1721">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1723" title="NGC 1723">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1724" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1724">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1725" title="NGC 1725">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1728" title="NGC 1728">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1741" title="NGC 1741">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1742" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1742">1742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1746" title="NGC 1746">1746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1755" title="NGC 1755">1755</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1757" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1757">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1761" title="NGC 1761">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1763" title="NGC 1763">1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1783" title="NGC 1783">1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1784" title="NGC 1784">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1788" title="NGC 1788">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1790" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1790">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1792" title="NGC 1792">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1803" title="NGC 1803">1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1806" title="NGC 1806">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1807" title="NGC 1807">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1808" title="NGC 1808">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1817" title="NGC 1817">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1818" title="NGC 1818">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1819" title="NGC 1819">1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1820" title="NGC 1820">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1832" title="NGC 1832">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1846" title="NGC 1846">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1847" title="NGC 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1848" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1848">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1850" title="NGC 1850">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1851" title="NGC 1851">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1852" title="NGC 1852">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1854" title="NGC 1854">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1855">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1856" title="NGC 1856">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1858" title="NGC 1858">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1859" title="NGC 1859">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1860" title="NGC 1860">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1866" title="NGC 1866">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1868" title="NGC 1868">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1869" title="NGC 1869">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1871" title="NGC 1871">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1872" title="NGC 1872">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1873" title="NGC 1873">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1884" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1884">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1891" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1891">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1892" title="NGC 1892">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1893" title="NGC 1893">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1898" title="NGC 1898">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1901" title="NGC 1901">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1903" title="NGC 1903">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_79" title="Messier 79">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1907" title="NGC 1907">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1908" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1908">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1909" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1909">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1910" title="NGC 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_38" title="Messier 38">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1924" title="NGC 1924">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1927" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1927">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1929" title="NGC 1929">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1931" title="NGC 1931">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1932">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1934" title="NGC 1934">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1935" title="NGC 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1936" title="NGC 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1943" title="NGC 1943">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1947" title="NGC 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1954" title="NGC 1954">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1955" title="NGC 1955">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1959" title="NGC 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_36" title="Messier 36">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1961" title="NGC 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1963" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1964" title="NGC 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1969" title="NGC 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1970" title="NGC 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1971" title="NGC 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2-279" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2-279">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1974" title="NGC 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2-279" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2-279">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2-279" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2-279">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1978" title="NGC 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1979" title="NGC 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1980" title="NGC 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1981" title="NGC 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_43" title="Messier 43">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1983" title="NGC 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1984" title="NGC 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1985" title="NGC 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1986" title="NGC 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1987" title="NGC 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1988" title="NGC 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1989" title="NGC 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1990" title="NGC 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1992" title="NGC 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1993" title="NGC 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1994" title="NGC 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1995" title="NGC 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1996" title="NGC 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1997" title="NGC 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1998" title="NGC 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1999" title="NGC 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_2000" title="NGC 2000">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_catalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical catalog">Astronomical catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NGC_objects" title="List of NGC objects">List of NGC objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NGC_objects_(1001%E2%80%932000)" title="List of NGC objects (1001–2000)">1001–2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10934#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata671" 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, 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