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Bonate</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Chr. Michelsen Institute</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/ThomasMarois"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Thomas Marois" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1263084/519109/126241765/s200_thomas.marois.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/ThomasMarois">Thomas Marois</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">McMaster University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/StefaniaBarca"><img 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class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Kimber Haddix McKay</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453282"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453282/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306435/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453282/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal">Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Huml...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Humla District had been an epicenter of trade, with routes for goods such as silk, wool, salt, and grain passing over and around this Himalayan region (Fürer-Heimendorf 1975). Despite Humla's historical prominence in regional trade, people of Humla (or Humlis) today have limited contact with the outside world. No roads connect Humla District to the rest of Nepal, and for this reason, it remains one of the most isolated regions of the country (Levine 1989; Haddix McKay 2002; Adhikari 2008; Sanders 2013). Given the extent of Humla's isolation and its high elevation (3,000-4,000 meters), the ethnic-Tibetans that live in the upper portion of Humla have primarily consumed a traditional diet consisting of barley, wheat, buckwheat, daikon radish, potato, local dairy products (such as milk, yogurt and butter tea) and various forageable herbs. This diet is nutrient dense, high in both micronutrients and fiber, and low in sugar. But the traditional diet is very low in protein, specifically animal protein, as ethnic-Tibetans, being Buddhist, do not kill animals for consumption purposes, even if their food security depends on it. Since only one percent of the land in Humla is arable, food security has been a major challenge for the local population. In the past, Humlis supplemented their agricultural yields with additional food items procured from the mid-Hill regions of Nepal (such as rice and legumes). Humlis were able to trade Tibetan salt for these items, until restrictions were imposed by the Chinese following the occupation of Tibet in the 1950s. In 1999 however, the construction of a dirt road connecting Humla to a market in Taklakot (Purang), China began (see Figure 1). This road provided Humlis with an additional food source, and has, since then, played</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="26deb24f25bf026be119500aeb252988" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306435,"asset_id":117453282,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306435/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453282; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453281"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453281/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306409/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453281/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development">Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Himalaya: The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies</span><span>, Jun 19, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d58d0569da0d901c95ef8d38bda64ee9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306409,"asset_id":117453281,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306409/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453281"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453281; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453280"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453280/Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_u3ci_u3evs_u3c_i_u3e_Single_Home_Photovoltaic_Solar_Energy_Systems_in_Rural_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster \u3ci\u3evs.\u3c/i\u3e Single Home Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems in Rural Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306407/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453280/Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_u3ci_u3evs_u3c_i_u3e_Single_Home_Photovoltaic_Solar_Energy_Systems_in_Rural_Nepal">Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster \u3ci\u3evs.\u3c/i\u3e Single Home Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems in Rural Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects in two villages in rural Nepal. The study was conducted in Humla District, Nepal, one of the most remote and impoverished regions of the country. There are no roads in the district, homes lack running water and villagers’ health suffers from high levels of indoor air pollution from open cooking/heating fires and the smoky torches traditionally burned for light. The introduction of solar energy is important to these villagers, as it removes one major source of indoor air pollution from homes and provides brighter light than the traditional torches. Solar energy is preferable in many villages in the region due to the lack of suitable streams or rivers for micro-hydroelectric projects. In the villages under study in this paper, in-home solar electricity is a novel and recent innovation, and was installed within the last three years in two different geo-spatial styles, depending upon the co...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="db6860ca55bda35b119ed6e41309abf4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306407,"asset_id":117453280,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306407/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453280"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453280"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453280; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453278/Mixed_method_study_to_assess_the_feasibility_acceptability_and_early_effectiveness_of_the_Hospital_to_Home_programme_for_follow_up_of_high_risk_newborns_in_a_rural_district_of_Central_Uganda_a_study_protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mixed-method study to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early effectiveness of the Hospital to Home programme for follow-up of high-risk newborns in a rural district of Central Uganda: a study protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306431/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453278/Mixed_method_study_to_assess_the_feasibility_acceptability_and_early_effectiveness_of_the_Hospital_to_Home_programme_for_follow_up_of_high_risk_newborns_in_a_rural_district_of_Central_Uganda_a_study_protocol">Mixed-method study to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early effectiveness of the Hospital to Home programme for follow-up of high-risk newborns in a rural district of Central Uganda: a study protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ Open</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IntroductionA follow-up programme designed for high-risk newborns discharged from inpatient newbo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IntroductionA follow-up programme designed for high-risk newborns discharged from inpatient newborn units in low-resource settings is imperative to ensure these newborns receive the healthiest possible start to life. We aim to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early outcomes of a discharge and follow-up programme, called Hospital to Home (H2H), in a neonatal unit in central Uganda.Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods study design comparing a historical cohort and an intervention cohort of newborns and their caregivers admitted to a neonatal unit in Uganda. The study design includes two main components. The first component includes qualitative interviews (n=60 or until reaching saturation) with caregivers, community health workers called Village Health Team (VHT) members and neonatal unit staff. The second component assesses and compares outcomes between a prospective intervention cohort (n=100, born between July 2019 and September 2019) and a historical cohort (n=...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc38fe5d72ae16aae9bff734453d30b3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306431,"asset_id":117453278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306431/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453278; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453277/Article_Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_vs_Single_Home"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Article Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster vs. Single Home" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306429/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453277/Article_Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_vs_Single_Home">Article Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster vs. Single Home</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects in two villages in rural Nepal. The study was conducted in Humla District, Nepal, one of the most remote and impoverished regions of the country. There are no roads in the district, homes lack running water and villagers' health suffers from high levels of indoor air pollution from open cooking/heating fires and the smoky torches traditionally burned for light. The introduction of solar energy is important to these villagers, as it removes one major source of indoor air pollution from homes and provides brighter light than the traditional torches. Solar energy is preferable in many villages in the region due to the lack of suitable streams or rivers for micro-hydroelectric projects. In the villages under study in this paper, in-home solar electricity is a novel and recent innovation, and was installed within the last three years in two different geo-spatial styles, depending upon the configuration of homes in the village. In some villages, houses are grouped together, while in others households are widely dispersed. In the former, solar photovoltaic systems were installed in a "cluster" fashion with multiple homes utilizing power from a central battery store under the control of the householder storing the battery bank. In villages with widely spaced households, a single home system was used so that each home had a separate solar photovoltaic array, wiring system and battery bank. It became clear that the cluster system was the sensible choice due to the geographic layout of certain villages, but this put people into management groups that did not always work well due to caste or other differences. This paper describes the two systems and their management and usage costs and benefits from the perspective of the villagers themselves.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80f6438ca7a4986d88b40a9f2ad6bab8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306429,"asset_id":117453277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306429/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453277; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453276"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453276/The_importance_of_monitoring_and_performance_Analysis_of_a_rural_solar_PV_electrification_project"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The importance of monitoring and performance: Analysis of a rural solar PV electrification project" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306403/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453276/The_importance_of_monitoring_and_performance_Analysis_of_a_rural_solar_PV_electrification_project">The importance of monitoring and performance: Analysis of a rural solar PV electrification project</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of projects implementing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of projects implementing solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems for rural electrification. Unfortunately many of these systems are not able to provide the energy services expected by end-users, nor attain their projected life expectancy. Thus, many projects fall short of their intended aim. Long- term monitoring of solar PV systems in their installed context, to analyse their detailed performance over time and local seasonal shifts is almost unheard of, especially in developing countries. The vital information gained through monitoring is essential to understand a system&#39;s actual field performance. This leads to more appropriate system design, considering the local context in regard to the prevailing meteorological conditions and energy service demands. Since November 2006, RIDS-Nepal, with the support of the ISIS Foundation, has been monitoring and recording twenty-one parameters for a 2-axis, central-tracking so...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95c283883dd45cb10369a69372e8c920" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306403,"asset_id":117453276,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306403/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453276"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453276; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453275"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453275/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453275/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal">Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Huml...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Humla District had been an epicenter of trade, with routes for goods such as silk, wool, salt, and grain passing over and around this Himalayan region (Fürer-Heimendorf 1975). Despite Humla's historical prominence in regional trade, people of Humla (or Humlis) today have limited contact with the outside world. No roads connect Humla District to the rest of Nepal, and for this reason, it remains one of the most isolated regions of the country (Levine 1989; Haddix McKay 2002; Adhikari 2008; Sanders 2013). Given the extent of Humla's isolation and its high elevation (3,000-4,000 meters), the ethnic-Tibetans that live in the upper portion of Humla have primarily consumed a traditional diet consisting of barley, wheat, buckwheat, daikon radish, potato, local dairy products (such as milk, yogurt and butter tea) and various forageable herbs. This diet is nutrient dense, high in both micronutrients and fiber, and low in sugar. But the traditional diet is very low in protein, specifically animal protein, as ethnic-Tibetans, being Buddhist, do not kill animals for consumption purposes, even if their food security depends on it. Since only one percent of the land in Humla is arable, food security has been a major challenge for the local population. In the past, Humlis supplemented their agricultural yields with additional food items procured from the mid-Hill regions of Nepal (such as rice and legumes). Humlis were able to trade Tibetan salt for these items, until restrictions were imposed by the Chinese following the occupation of Tibet in the 1950s. In 1999 however, the construction of a dirt road connecting Humla to a market in Taklakot (Purang), China began (see Figure 1). This road provided Humlis with an additional food source, and has, since then, played</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5879ef960564ef4301ea81174bec9617" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306399,"asset_id":117453275,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453275"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453275; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453274"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453274/Holistic_community_development_and_the_role_of_contextualized_and_renewable_energy_technologies_in_improving_health_conditions_in_rural_nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Holistic community development and the role of contextualized & renewable energy technologies in improving health conditions in rural nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453274/Holistic_community_development_and_the_role_of_contextualized_and_renewable_energy_technologies_in_improving_health_conditions_in_rural_nepal">Holistic community development and the role of contextualized & renewable energy technologies in improving health conditions in rural nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper summarizes recent trends in community development schemes aimed at improving health th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper summarizes recent trends in community development schemes aimed at improving health through the improvement of the overall living conditions. Based on our combined 22-years of experience working in holistic community development (HCD) in Nepal, we argue that selective, single pronged approaches to health development are less effective in general in comparison to comprehensive ones. Though selective approaches to development (projects with only single components such as indoor lighting or a village drinking water system) are effective in achieving carefully de-limited goals, selective approaches cannot produce the critical synergistic benefits of the multi-pronged, holistic project framework we have designed and are implementing in Humla District, one of Nepal&#39;s remotest and most underdeveloped mountain areas. Further, we describe why in remote, impoverished communities, it is absolutely essential that projects are sustainable, locally appropriate, and are developed in...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2fc84b6fef6ae6cfe3facbf2873bfdb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306397,"asset_id":117453274,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453274"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453274; 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The reason for this is the growing understanding that grid connected infrastructure will never be feasible for these inaccessible parts of the country. Government subsidy programs, funded by foreign governments and INGOs, have caused a mushrooming of solar PV companies in the country’s capital, Kathmandu. However, while the development of a renewable energy industry is to be welcomed, the standard of the majority of the solar PV systems installed is questionable from a sustainability point of view. The designers, manufacturers and policy makers’ view of rural village electrification through solar PV systems is driven and biased by an urban, academic and business oriented perspective. Their perception does not take account of the end users’ local context and needs. Likewise the end users lack awareness and education about the use of renewable e...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6318d90573c0ba335364e30353603682" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306395,"asset_id":117453273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453273; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453272"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453272/The_Search_for_Strong_Medicine_Pathways_to_Healthcare_Development_in_Remote_Nepal_Using_Gis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Search for “Strong Medicine”: Pathways to Healthcare Development in Remote Nepal Using Gis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306427/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453272/The_Search_for_Strong_Medicine_Pathways_to_Healthcare_Development_in_Remote_Nepal_Using_Gis">The Search for “Strong Medicine”: Pathways to Healthcare Development in Remote Nepal Using Gis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technology & Innovation</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nepalese agropastoralists' confrontations with forces of change in the last generation have alter...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nepalese agropastoralists' confrontations with forces of change in the last generation have altered villagers' abilities to gain access to health services, clean water, and nutrition in Humla District, Nepal. Development efforts and Nepal's recent armed conflict, in particular, introduced novel technologies and ideologies that a subsection of villagers have responded to in a fashion that we did not expect. In this article, based on theories about the diffusion of innovation and risk, we argue that, together, villagers and other change agents have cocreated new contexts of vulnerability in the postconflict setting of rural Nepal, as observed in remote Humla District. Using ArcGIS to represent landscapes of health and health-seeking behavior, we explore the integration of neoliberal health development in this postconflict setting in which medical pluralism, caste, Hinduism, and cultural conservatism all shape decision making. Based on in-depth and long-term research conducted in the region over the past 15 years, we describe the strengths and weaknesses of GIS as a tool for enhancing our understanding of this "health landscape." In Humla, topography is a major determinant of access to healthcare. Our analyses reveal interesting relationships among health, culture, and vulnerability and provide insight into directions for future health interventions in similar contexts elsewhere.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c31302278b99d1ff2c45e7677531f77f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306427,"asset_id":117453272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306427/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453272"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453272; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453270"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453270/Benefits_from_a_renewable_energy_village_electrification_system"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Benefits from a renewable energy village electrification system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306433/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453270/Benefits_from_a_renewable_energy_village_electrification_system">Benefits from a renewable energy village electrification system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Renewable Energy</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nepal opened its doors for the world only in 1953 2. Nepal still counts among the least developed...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nepal opened its doors for the world only in 1953 2. Nepal still counts among the least developed countries. 3. Population: 28.5 Mio. ~80 % in rural, remote mountain areas. 4. Average annual population growth 2.3 %. 5. Overall literacy rates: 40%-60% in cities, but in the remote mountain areas 4%-20% for both, women and men. Nepal's Stage of Development 6. The average income per head per year is 30 US$-1500 US$. 7. 80% of Nepal's people have no access to electricity. 8. Annual per capita electricity consumption (2004) 68.5 kWh, Australia (2004 with 20.1 Million) 11'746 kWh = 171 x more, USA (2004 with 265 Million) 15'728 kWh = 230 x more. 9. 40 % of Nepali live below the poverty line, and there is a clear relationship between poverty and access to electricity Nepal's Renewable Energy Resources 10. Nepal's potential hydroelectric power capacity amounts to an estimated 83,000 MW, with 42,000 MW to be technical and economical feasible. 11. Nepal's installed total hydroelectric generating capacity (September 2005) is 548 MW. With a capacity factor of only 47% that amounts to just 0.6% of its feasible potential. 12. Average of 300 sunshine days a year, and daily average solar insulation of 4.5-5.5 kWh/m 2. At 30 °North lat., 81 °49' East long., at an altitude of 3,000 meter (9,443 feet) above sea level, lies our High Altitude Research Station (HARS) in Simikot. At 30 °North lat., 81 °49' East long., at an altitude of 3,000 meter (9,443 feet) above sea level, lies our High Altitude Research Station (HARS) in Simikot. Here the research project prototype WLED lights, solar PV modules, stoves , solar water heaters etc. are first installed and tested, redesigned and improved, before they find their final destiny and application in the local communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="62dedfd20dc9b10c0ea81f7c01a96e3d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306433,"asset_id":117453270,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306433/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453270; 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Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Anthropology</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b512d231a83df67feaa22f390c4a2cc9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306426,"asset_id":117453265,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306426/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453265"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453265"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453265; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=117453265]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=117453265]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453265; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='117453265']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b512d231a83df67feaa22f390c4a2cc9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=117453265]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":117453265,"title":"What Benefits Do Parents Reap from Helpers at the Nest?Maya Children: Helpers at the Farm. 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453206"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453206/After_the_Road_Came_Insights_into_the_Nexus_of_Food_Security_and_Malnutrition_in_Northwestern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of After the Road Came: Insights into the Nexus of Food Security and Malnutrition in Northwestern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306368/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453206/After_the_Road_Came_Insights_into_the_Nexus_of_Food_Security_and_Malnutrition_in_Northwestern_Nepal">After the Road Came: Insights into the Nexus of Food Security and Malnutrition in Northwestern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mountain Research and Development</span><span>, Nov 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="987a435488f66d3ede020d320f5e72f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306368,"asset_id":117453206,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306368/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453206"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453206"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453206; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82088974"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/82088974/Polyandry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polyandry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/82088974/Polyandry">Polyandry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82088974"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82088974"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82088974; 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Data from participant observation, interviews, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale questionnaire, and a regionspecific food frequency questionnaire suggest that while the road provides more reliable access to market-sourced food than before, villagers' intake of many micronutrients remains below recommended levels, as most of the market-purchased foods are nutrient poor. Data also suggest that this population is experiencing the double burden of malnutrition: simultaneous cases of underweight and overweight. High food security levels among those in the malnourished/overweight group could easily mask this emerging public health concern. This study provides an analytical framework to better understand the nexus of food security and nutrition, and offers evidence-based recommendations for decreasing food insecurity and malnutrition in mountainous regions, which will help achieve the goal of preventing all forms of malnutrition by 2030.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="91c398b40effb0fb76bfe6cacc93a423" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84696673,"asset_id":77270375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84696673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="77270375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77270375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77270375; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71399359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71399359/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80758441/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71399359/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development">Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Himalaya: The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The authors would like to extend their sincere gratitude to Mr. Penpa Tsering Lama, who spent cou...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The authors would like to extend their sincere gratitude to Mr. Penpa Tsering Lama, who spent countless hours over many months helping with everything from translation to data collection to logistics and planning during fieldwork. This project would not have been possible without him, and the numerous families in Kale and Gyepo who opened up their homes and hearts during the time the authors were in Upper Humla District, Nepal. The authors are also truly grateful to Mr. Tsepal Dorje Lama, Mr. Anjuk Lama, Mr. Pralhad Dhaka and Ms. Pema Ramla for their insight and guidance along the way. Two anonymous reviewers provided invaluable suggestions to an earlier draft, almost all of which have been incorporated. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #1420405) and the Fulbright U.S. Student Program and received local logistical assistance from Adara Development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6aa9736ef988707b6be1cead7e930125" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80758441,"asset_id":71399359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80758441/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71399359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71399359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71399359; 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For centuries, Huml...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Humla District had been an epicenter of trade, with routes for goods such as silk, wool, salt, and grain passing over and around this Himalayan region (Fürer-Heimendorf 1975). Despite Humla's historical prominence in regional trade, people of Humla (or Humlis) today have limited contact with the outside world. No roads connect Humla District to the rest of Nepal, and for this reason, it remains one of the most isolated regions of the country (Levine 1989; Haddix McKay 2002; Adhikari 2008; Sanders 2013). Given the extent of Humla's isolation and its high elevation (3,000-4,000 meters), the ethnic-Tibetans that live in the upper portion of Humla have primarily consumed a traditional diet consisting of barley, wheat, buckwheat, daikon radish, potato, local dairy products (such as milk, yogurt and butter tea) and various forageable herbs. This diet is nutrient dense, high in both micronutrients and fiber, and low in sugar. But the traditional diet is very low in protein, specifically animal protein, as ethnic-Tibetans, being Buddhist, do not kill animals for consumption purposes, even if their food security depends on it. Since only one percent of the land in Humla is arable, food security has been a major challenge for the local population. In the past, Humlis supplemented their agricultural yields with additional food items procured from the mid-Hill regions of Nepal (such as rice and legumes). Humlis were able to trade Tibetan salt for these items, until restrictions were imposed by the Chinese following the occupation of Tibet in the 1950s. In 1999 however, the construction of a dirt road connecting Humla to a market in Taklakot (Purang), China began (see Figure 1). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453280"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453280/Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_u3ci_u3evs_u3c_i_u3e_Single_Home_Photovoltaic_Solar_Energy_Systems_in_Rural_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster \u3ci\u3evs.\u3c/i\u3e Single Home Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems in Rural Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306407/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453280/Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_u3ci_u3evs_u3c_i_u3e_Single_Home_Photovoltaic_Solar_Energy_Systems_in_Rural_Nepal">Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster \u3ci\u3evs.\u3c/i\u3e Single Home Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems in Rural Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects in two villages in rural Nepal. The study was conducted in Humla District, Nepal, one of the most remote and impoverished regions of the country. There are no roads in the district, homes lack running water and villagers’ health suffers from high levels of indoor air pollution from open cooking/heating fires and the smoky torches traditionally burned for light. The introduction of solar energy is important to these villagers, as it removes one major source of indoor air pollution from homes and provides brighter light than the traditional torches. Solar energy is preferable in many villages in the region due to the lack of suitable streams or rivers for micro-hydroelectric projects. In the villages under study in this paper, in-home solar electricity is a novel and recent innovation, and was installed within the last three years in two different geo-spatial styles, depending upon the co...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="db6860ca55bda35b119ed6e41309abf4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306407,"asset_id":117453280,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306407/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453280"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453280"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453280; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453278/Mixed_method_study_to_assess_the_feasibility_acceptability_and_early_effectiveness_of_the_Hospital_to_Home_programme_for_follow_up_of_high_risk_newborns_in_a_rural_district_of_Central_Uganda_a_study_protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mixed-method study to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early effectiveness of the Hospital to Home programme for follow-up of high-risk newborns in a rural district of Central Uganda: a study protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306431/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453278/Mixed_method_study_to_assess_the_feasibility_acceptability_and_early_effectiveness_of_the_Hospital_to_Home_programme_for_follow_up_of_high_risk_newborns_in_a_rural_district_of_Central_Uganda_a_study_protocol">Mixed-method study to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early effectiveness of the Hospital to Home programme for follow-up of high-risk newborns in a rural district of Central Uganda: a study protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ Open</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IntroductionA follow-up programme designed for high-risk newborns discharged from inpatient newbo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IntroductionA follow-up programme designed for high-risk newborns discharged from inpatient newborn units in low-resource settings is imperative to ensure these newborns receive the healthiest possible start to life. We aim to assess the feasibility, acceptability and early outcomes of a discharge and follow-up programme, called Hospital to Home (H2H), in a neonatal unit in central Uganda.Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods study design comparing a historical cohort and an intervention cohort of newborns and their caregivers admitted to a neonatal unit in Uganda. The study design includes two main components. The first component includes qualitative interviews (n=60 or until reaching saturation) with caregivers, community health workers called Village Health Team (VHT) members and neonatal unit staff. The second component assesses and compares outcomes between a prospective intervention cohort (n=100, born between July 2019 and September 2019) and a historical cohort (n=...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc38fe5d72ae16aae9bff734453d30b3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306431,"asset_id":117453278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306431/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453278; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453277/Article_Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_vs_Single_Home"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Article Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster vs. Single Home" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306429/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453277/Article_Socio_Cultural_Dimensions_of_Cluster_vs_Single_Home">Article Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Cluster vs. Single Home</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects in two villages in rural Nepal. The study was conducted in Humla District, Nepal, one of the most remote and impoverished regions of the country. There are no roads in the district, homes lack running water and villagers' health suffers from high levels of indoor air pollution from open cooking/heating fires and the smoky torches traditionally burned for light. The introduction of solar energy is important to these villagers, as it removes one major source of indoor air pollution from homes and provides brighter light than the traditional torches. Solar energy is preferable in many villages in the region due to the lack of suitable streams or rivers for micro-hydroelectric projects. In the villages under study in this paper, in-home solar electricity is a novel and recent innovation, and was installed within the last three years in two different geo-spatial styles, depending upon the configuration of homes in the village. In some villages, houses are grouped together, while in others households are widely dispersed. In the former, solar photovoltaic systems were installed in a "cluster" fashion with multiple homes utilizing power from a central battery store under the control of the householder storing the battery bank. In villages with widely spaced households, a single home system was used so that each home had a separate solar photovoltaic array, wiring system and battery bank. It became clear that the cluster system was the sensible choice due to the geographic layout of certain villages, but this put people into management groups that did not always work well due to caste or other differences. This paper describes the two systems and their management and usage costs and benefits from the perspective of the villagers themselves.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80f6438ca7a4986d88b40a9f2ad6bab8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306429,"asset_id":117453277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306429/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453277; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453276"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453276/The_importance_of_monitoring_and_performance_Analysis_of_a_rural_solar_PV_electrification_project"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The importance of monitoring and performance: Analysis of a rural solar PV electrification project" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306403/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453276/The_importance_of_monitoring_and_performance_Analysis_of_a_rural_solar_PV_electrification_project">The importance of monitoring and performance: Analysis of a rural solar PV electrification project</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of projects implementing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of projects implementing solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems for rural electrification. Unfortunately many of these systems are not able to provide the energy services expected by end-users, nor attain their projected life expectancy. Thus, many projects fall short of their intended aim. Long- term monitoring of solar PV systems in their installed context, to analyse their detailed performance over time and local seasonal shifts is almost unheard of, especially in developing countries. The vital information gained through monitoring is essential to understand a system&#39;s actual field performance. This leads to more appropriate system design, considering the local context in regard to the prevailing meteorological conditions and energy service demands. Since November 2006, RIDS-Nepal, with the support of the ISIS Foundation, has been monitoring and recording twenty-one parameters for a 2-axis, central-tracking so...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95c283883dd45cb10369a69372e8c920" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306403,"asset_id":117453276,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306403/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453276"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453276; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453275"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453275/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453275/Like_Mother_Like_Child_Understanding_Transitions_in_Diet_Health_and_Nutrition_in_Humla_Nepal">Like Mother, Like Child?: Understanding Transitions in Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Humla, Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Huml...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humla is a remote, mountainous district in the far northwest corner of Nepal. For centuries, Humla District had been an epicenter of trade, with routes for goods such as silk, wool, salt, and grain passing over and around this Himalayan region (Fürer-Heimendorf 1975). Despite Humla's historical prominence in regional trade, people of Humla (or Humlis) today have limited contact with the outside world. No roads connect Humla District to the rest of Nepal, and for this reason, it remains one of the most isolated regions of the country (Levine 1989; Haddix McKay 2002; Adhikari 2008; Sanders 2013). Given the extent of Humla's isolation and its high elevation (3,000-4,000 meters), the ethnic-Tibetans that live in the upper portion of Humla have primarily consumed a traditional diet consisting of barley, wheat, buckwheat, daikon radish, potato, local dairy products (such as milk, yogurt and butter tea) and various forageable herbs. This diet is nutrient dense, high in both micronutrients and fiber, and low in sugar. But the traditional diet is very low in protein, specifically animal protein, as ethnic-Tibetans, being Buddhist, do not kill animals for consumption purposes, even if their food security depends on it. Since only one percent of the land in Humla is arable, food security has been a major challenge for the local population. In the past, Humlis supplemented their agricultural yields with additional food items procured from the mid-Hill regions of Nepal (such as rice and legumes). Humlis were able to trade Tibetan salt for these items, until restrictions were imposed by the Chinese following the occupation of Tibet in the 1950s. In 1999 however, the construction of a dirt road connecting Humla to a market in Taklakot (Purang), China began (see Figure 1). This road provided Humlis with an additional food source, and has, since then, played</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5879ef960564ef4301ea81174bec9617" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306399,"asset_id":117453275,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453275"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453275; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453274"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453274/Holistic_community_development_and_the_role_of_contextualized_and_renewable_energy_technologies_in_improving_health_conditions_in_rural_nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Holistic community development and the role of contextualized & renewable energy technologies in improving health conditions in rural nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453274/Holistic_community_development_and_the_role_of_contextualized_and_renewable_energy_technologies_in_improving_health_conditions_in_rural_nepal">Holistic community development and the role of contextualized & renewable energy technologies in improving health conditions in rural nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper summarizes recent trends in community development schemes aimed at improving health th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper summarizes recent trends in community development schemes aimed at improving health through the improvement of the overall living conditions. Based on our combined 22-years of experience working in holistic community development (HCD) in Nepal, we argue that selective, single pronged approaches to health development are less effective in general in comparison to comprehensive ones. Though selective approaches to development (projects with only single components such as indoor lighting or a village drinking water system) are effective in achieving carefully de-limited goals, selective approaches cannot produce the critical synergistic benefits of the multi-pronged, holistic project framework we have designed and are implementing in Humla District, one of Nepal&#39;s remotest and most underdeveloped mountain areas. Further, we describe why in remote, impoverished communities, it is absolutely essential that projects are sustainable, locally appropriate, and are developed in...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2fc84b6fef6ae6cfe3facbf2873bfdb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306397,"asset_id":117453274,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453274"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453274; 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The reason for this is the growing understanding that grid connected infrastructure will never be feasible for these inaccessible parts of the country. Government subsidy programs, funded by foreign governments and INGOs, have caused a mushrooming of solar PV companies in the country’s capital, Kathmandu. However, while the development of a renewable energy industry is to be welcomed, the standard of the majority of the solar PV systems installed is questionable from a sustainability point of view. The designers, manufacturers and policy makers’ view of rural village electrification through solar PV systems is driven and biased by an urban, academic and business oriented perspective. Their perception does not take account of the end users’ local context and needs. Likewise the end users lack awareness and education about the use of renewable e...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6318d90573c0ba335364e30353603682" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306395,"asset_id":117453273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453273; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453272"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453272/The_Search_for_Strong_Medicine_Pathways_to_Healthcare_Development_in_Remote_Nepal_Using_Gis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Search for “Strong Medicine”: Pathways to Healthcare Development in Remote Nepal Using Gis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306427/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453272/The_Search_for_Strong_Medicine_Pathways_to_Healthcare_Development_in_Remote_Nepal_Using_Gis">The Search for “Strong Medicine”: Pathways to Healthcare Development in Remote Nepal Using Gis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technology & Innovation</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nepalese agropastoralists' confrontations with forces of change in the last generation have alter...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nepalese agropastoralists' confrontations with forces of change in the last generation have altered villagers' abilities to gain access to health services, clean water, and nutrition in Humla District, Nepal. Development efforts and Nepal's recent armed conflict, in particular, introduced novel technologies and ideologies that a subsection of villagers have responded to in a fashion that we did not expect. In this article, based on theories about the diffusion of innovation and risk, we argue that, together, villagers and other change agents have cocreated new contexts of vulnerability in the postconflict setting of rural Nepal, as observed in remote Humla District. Using ArcGIS to represent landscapes of health and health-seeking behavior, we explore the integration of neoliberal health development in this postconflict setting in which medical pluralism, caste, Hinduism, and cultural conservatism all shape decision making. Based on in-depth and long-term research conducted in the region over the past 15 years, we describe the strengths and weaknesses of GIS as a tool for enhancing our understanding of this "health landscape." In Humla, topography is a major determinant of access to healthcare. Our analyses reveal interesting relationships among health, culture, and vulnerability and provide insight into directions for future health interventions in similar contexts elsewhere.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c31302278b99d1ff2c45e7677531f77f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306427,"asset_id":117453272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306427/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453272"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453272; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="117453270"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453270/Benefits_from_a_renewable_energy_village_electrification_system"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Benefits from a renewable energy village electrification system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113306433/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/117453270/Benefits_from_a_renewable_energy_village_electrification_system">Benefits from a renewable energy village electrification system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Renewable Energy</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nepal opened its doors for the world only in 1953 2. Nepal still counts among the least developed...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nepal opened its doors for the world only in 1953 2. Nepal still counts among the least developed countries. 3. Population: 28.5 Mio. ~80 % in rural, remote mountain areas. 4. Average annual population growth 2.3 %. 5. Overall literacy rates: 40%-60% in cities, but in the remote mountain areas 4%-20% for both, women and men. Nepal's Stage of Development 6. The average income per head per year is 30 US$-1500 US$. 7. 80% of Nepal's people have no access to electricity. 8. Annual per capita electricity consumption (2004) 68.5 kWh, Australia (2004 with 20.1 Million) 11'746 kWh = 171 x more, USA (2004 with 265 Million) 15'728 kWh = 230 x more. 9. 40 % of Nepali live below the poverty line, and there is a clear relationship between poverty and access to electricity Nepal's Renewable Energy Resources 10. Nepal's potential hydroelectric power capacity amounts to an estimated 83,000 MW, with 42,000 MW to be technical and economical feasible. 11. Nepal's installed total hydroelectric generating capacity (September 2005) is 548 MW. With a capacity factor of only 47% that amounts to just 0.6% of its feasible potential. 12. Average of 300 sunshine days a year, and daily average solar insulation of 4.5-5.5 kWh/m 2. At 30 °North lat., 81 °49' East long., at an altitude of 3,000 meter (9,443 feet) above sea level, lies our High Altitude Research Station (HARS) in Simikot. At 30 °North lat., 81 °49' East long., at an altitude of 3,000 meter (9,443 feet) above sea level, lies our High Altitude Research Station (HARS) in Simikot. Here the research project prototype WLED lights, solar PV modules, stoves , solar water heaters etc. are first installed and tested, redesigned and improved, before they find their final destiny and application in the local communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="62dedfd20dc9b10c0ea81f7c01a96e3d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113306433,"asset_id":117453270,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113306433/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="117453270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="117453270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 117453270; 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Data from participant observation, interviews, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale questionnaire, and a regionspecific food frequency questionnaire suggest that while the road provides more reliable access to market-sourced food than before, villagers' intake of many micronutrients remains below recommended levels, as most of the market-purchased foods are nutrient poor. Data also suggest that this population is experiencing the double burden of malnutrition: simultaneous cases of underweight and overweight. High food security levels among those in the malnourished/overweight group could easily mask this emerging public health concern. This study provides an analytical framework to better understand the nexus of food security and nutrition, and offers evidence-based recommendations for decreasing food insecurity and malnutrition in mountainous regions, which will help achieve the goal of preventing all forms of malnutrition by 2030.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="91c398b40effb0fb76bfe6cacc93a423" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84696673,"asset_id":77270375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84696673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="77270375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77270375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77270375; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71399359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71399359/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80758441/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71399359/Subjective_Well_Being_in_Two_Himalayan_Communities_Post_Road_Development">Subjective Well-Being in Two Himalayan Communities, Post Road Development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Himalaya: The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The authors would like to extend their sincere gratitude to Mr. Penpa Tsering Lama, who spent cou...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The authors would like to extend their sincere gratitude to Mr. Penpa Tsering Lama, who spent countless hours over many months helping with everything from translation to data collection to logistics and planning during fieldwork. This project would not have been possible without him, and the numerous families in Kale and Gyepo who opened up their homes and hearts during the time the authors were in Upper Humla District, Nepal. The authors are also truly grateful to Mr. Tsepal Dorje Lama, Mr. Anjuk Lama, Mr. Pralhad Dhaka and Ms. Pema Ramla for their insight and guidance along the way. Two anonymous reviewers provided invaluable suggestions to an earlier draft, almost all of which have been incorporated. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #1420405) and the Fulbright U.S. Student Program and received local logistical assistance from Adara Development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6aa9736ef988707b6be1cead7e930125" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80758441,"asset_id":71399359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80758441/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71399359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71399359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71399359; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64541117"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64541117/Polyandry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polyandry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64541117/Polyandry">Polyandry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64541117"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64541117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64541117; 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