CINXE.COM

Introduction to C++ Programming

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"/></a><div 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class="breadcrumb-item"><a class="text-primary" href="/courses/computer-science/programming">Programming</a></li><li aria-label="breadcrumb: Introduction to C++ Programming" class="breadcrumb-item text-dark active" aria-current="page">Introduction to C++ Programming</li></ol></nav></div></div><div class="bg-e2gdark text-white mb-0 jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="mb-3 col-md-5"><picture><source type="image/webp"/><img class="img-fluid"/></picture></div><div class="col-md-7"><h1>Introduction to C++ Programming</h1><div data-testid="banner-description"><div><p>This course will give you hands-on practice as you learn to program with C++. Whether you're completely new to programming or you want to learn a new programming language, this course will teach you the fundamentals of C++.</p></div></div><div class="justify-content-between row"><div class="col-lg-auto order-lg-last"><div class="py-2"><div class="small d-lg-inline-block py-2">SHARE</div><a aria-label="Share this product with Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ed2go.com/courses/computer-science/programming/ilc/c-plus-plus-programming-introduction"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-10 -6 38 38"><path d="M10.6 20v-8.5h2.9l.4-3.3h-3.3V6.1c0-1 .3-1.6 1.6-1.6H14v-3c-.3 0-1.3-.1-2.6-.1-2.5 0-4.3 1.5-4.3 4.4v2.4H4.3v3.3h2.9V20h3.4z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></a><a aria-label="Share this product with Twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https://www.ed2go.com/courses/computer-science/programming/ilc/c-plus-plus-programming-introduction"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-10 -6 38 38"><path d="M16.7 6.6c.5 7.9-8.4 12.8-14.9 8.8 1.8 0 3.8-.5 4.9-1.5-1.6-.3-2.7-1-3.1-2.4.5 0 1.1.1 1.4-.1-1.4-.5-2.6-1.4-2.6-3.3.5.1.8.4 1.4.3-.9-.6-2-2.9-1-4.5 1.7 1.9 3.8 3.3 7.1 3.6-.9-3.6 3.8-5.7 5.8-3.2.8-.2 1.5-.5 2.2-.8-.3.8-.9 1.3-1.4 1.8.6-.1 1.3-.2 1.7-.5-.1.7-1 1.3-1.5 1.8z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></a></div><div class="border-bottom border-white d-lg-none"></div></div><div class="col"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="d-lg-inline-block py-2 pr-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 28 28" aria-label="duration icon" class="text-white"><path d="M14 7c-3.9 0-7 3.1-7 7s3.1 7 7 7 7-3.1 7-7-3.1-7-7-7zm0 16c-5 0-9-4-9-9s4-9 9-9 9 4 9 9-4 9-9 9z"></path><path d="M14 9c-.6 0-1 .4-1 1v4l2.3 2.3c.4.4 1 .4 1.4 0l.1-.1c.4-.4.4-1 0-1.4L15 13v-3c0-.6-.4-1-1-1z"></path></svg><span class="pl-1">6 Weeks / 24 Course Hrs</span></div><div class="d-lg-inline-block py-2 pr-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 28 28" aria-label="enrollment status icon" class="text-white"><path d="M20 7h-3c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3s-3 1.3-3 3H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h12c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V9c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-6-1c.6 0 1 .4 1 1s-.4 1-1 1-1-.4-1-1 .4-1 1-1zm6 15H8V9h2v1h8V9h2v12z"></path><path d="M17 14h-6c-.6 0-1-.4-1-1s.4-1 1-1h6c.6 0 1 .4 1 1s-.4 1-1 1zM17 18h-6c-.6 0-1-.4-1-1s.4-1 1-1h6c.6 0 1 .4 1 1s-.4 1-1 1z"></path></svg><span class="pl-1">Currently Enrolling</span></div></div></div><div class="border-bottom border-white d-md-none"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="enrollment-section" class="no-gutters enrollment bg-e2g_enrollment text-white row"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-5 px-3 pt-5 pb-0"><div class="text-uppercase">Offered in partnership with your preferred school</div><h2 class="h5 pt-2">ed2go</h2><div><button aria-label="Why this school?" type="button" class="align-baseline border-0 p-0 text-decoration-none btn btn-link"><span class="mr-3 e2g-enrollment_tooltip">Why this school?</span></button><a class="e2g-enrollment_change-schools" href="/online-schools?product=cab&amp;returnUrl=/courses">Change School</a></div></div><div class="col-lg-7 px-3 py-5"><div class="mb-5 border-bottom border-white d-md-none border-bottom border-white"></div><div class="text-uppercase">Learning method</div><p class="affirm-as-low-as" data-page-type="product" data-amount="18500"></p><label class="mt-2 w-100" for="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=T9636!classes"><div class="checked e2g-enrollment_learning-method p-3"><div class="row px-2"><div class="col-sm-7"><div class="row"><div class="align-items-center col-1 d-flex justify-content-center px-3"><input type="radio" aria-label="Self-Guided" checked="" id="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=T9636!classes" name="enrollment-option" value="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=T9636!classes"/></div><div class="col pl-2 pr-0"><div class="font-weight-bold">Self-Guided</div><div class="font-weight-bold">$185</div><div class="small">No instructor. Study on your own schedule</div></div></div></div><div class="align-self-center col pt-3 pt-sm-0"><div class="align-items-center col-sm d-flex e2g-enroll_btn justify-content-center p-0"><a href="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=T9636!classes" id="checked-enrollment-btn" class="font-weight-bold px-5 text-uppercase btn btn-success">Enroll Now</a></div></div></div></div></label><label class="mt-2 w-100" for="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=cab!classes!1124"><div class="e2g-enrollment_learning-method p-3"><div class="row px-2"><div class="col-sm-7"><div class="row"><div class="align-items-center col-1 d-flex justify-content-center px-3"><input type="radio" aria-label="Instructor-Moderated" id="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=cab!classes!1124" name="enrollment-option" value="/enrollment/addtocart.aspx?item=cab!classes!1124"/></div><div class="col pl-2 pr-0"><div class="font-weight-bold">Instructor-Moderated</div><div class="font-weight-bold">$170</div><div class="small">Confirm your start date in cart</div><div class="small">Starting  November 13 | December 18</div></div></div></div><div class="align-self-center col pt-3 pt-sm-0"><div class="align-items-center col-sm d-flex e2g-enroll_btn justify-content-center p-0"></div></div></div></div></label></div></div></div></div><div class="sticky-top d-none d-md-block" data-testid="desktop-and-tablet-sticky-nav"><div style="height:170px;margin-top:-170px" class="d-none bg-e2g_enrollment container-fluid"><div class="h-100 container"><div class="h-100 row"><div class="align-self-center col-lg-9 col-md-8"><h2 class="font-weight-normal text-white">Introduction to C++ Programming</h2></div><div class="align-self-center col"><a href="#enrollment-section" class="mb-1 w-100 font-weight-bold px-5 text-uppercase btn btn-success">Enroll Now</a></div></div></div></div><div><nav aria-label="sections" data-testid="section-nav" class="bg-white border-bottom d-none d-md-block section-nav shadow-sm navbar navbar-expand navbar-light"><div class="justify-content-center container"><ul class="flex-wrap font-weight-bold justify-content-around small text-uppercase w-75 navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"><a href="#objectives" data-rb-event-key="#objectives" class="text-dark nav-link">Details + Objectives</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#outline" data-rb-event-key="#outline" class="text-dark nav-link">Outline</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#instructors" data-rb-event-key="#instructors" class="text-dark nav-link">Instructors &amp; Support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#requirements" data-rb-event-key="#requirements" class="text-dark nav-link">Requirements</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#faq" data-rb-event-key="#faq" class="text-dark nav-link">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#testimonial" data-rb-event-key="#testimonial" class="text-dark nav-link">Reviews</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="#relatedCourses" data-rb-event-key="#relatedCourses" class="text-dark nav-link">Related Courses</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div class="objectives py-5" data-dom-id="objectives"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="objectives">Details + Objectives</h2><h3 class="font-weight-light">Course code: cab</h3></div><div><p>Here's your chance to learn how to program the easy way in C++. Introduction to C++ Programming is a project-oriented course. You'll get right to programming in this course&mdash;even if you have no prior programming experience! Before you know it, you'll be putting together programs, and you'll see how easy programming really is.</p><p><strong>What you will learn</strong></p> <ul> <li>Understand C++ code and how to fix errors</li> <li>Learn about the different areas of computer memory and how to best store data in variables</li> <li>Learn to harness the computer's calculating power and use it to your advantage</li> <li>Understand how to use loops, arrays, C strings, and functions in C++</li> <li>Learn to put together your own programs using C++</li> </ul> <p><strong>How you will benefit</strong></p> <ul> <li>Become more confident in your ability to program using C++</li> <li>Add more value to your current company with programming knowledge in C++</li> <li>Open the door to new career opportunities as an entry-level C++ programmer</li> </ul> <p><strong>How the course is taught</strong></p> <ul> <li>Instructor-Moderated or Self-Guided online course</li> <li>6 Weeks or 3 Months access</li> <li>24 course hours</li> </ul> </div></div></div><div class="bg-light expandable-section py-5" data-dom-id="outline"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="outline">Outline</h2></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link">Expand All</button><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Your First C++ Program</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>In your first lesson, you'll learn what a computer program is. What's the best way to learn programming? You have to write programs, of course! Your first step toward writing your first program is to install VisualStudio. In this lesson, you'll learn how to install Visual Studio on your computer and create your first program.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Understanding Your C++ Code and How to Fix Errors</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>You've created a working C++ application. In this lesson, you'll find out what each line of C++ code means in your "Hello World!" program. You'll also learn how this C++ code is translated to machine language that the computer understands and can execute as a running program. Finally, you'll learn how to see and fix errors in your code.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Data Types and Computer Memory</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>In this lesson, you'll learn about the different areas of computer memory. You'll find out about data types, which correspond to the different types of information a program uses, and then write a program that can determine the amount of computer memory used by different data types. This lesson also lays the foundation for variables, a very important concept in programming.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Storing Data in Variables</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>In this lesson, you'll learn how to create variables of different data types to store information. You'll find out how to declare variables, which is the first step to using them. You'll then learn how to assign values to variables, using both the assignment operator and cin. You'll also access and output a variable's value.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Letting the Computer Do the Math</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Computers can't think for themselves&mdash;not yet anyway. But computers can calculate faster and more accurately than humans can. In this lesson, you'll learn how to harness the computer's calculating power with the C++ arithmetic operators.</span></p></div><button aria-pressed="false" type="button" class="px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link">View All Sections</button><div class="collapse"><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Letting the User Choose</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Life involves choices, and so do computer programs. In this lesson, you'll learn how to use the different C++ comparison operators and control structures so different blocks of code execute depending on the user's choice.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Combining Choices</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Choices can be complicated. For example, you may want code to execute only if two choices are made, or if either of two choices are made. In this lesson, you'll how to use nested control structures and the different C++ logical operators when more than one choice determines which block of code executes.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Repeating Code With Loops</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Your parents may have told you not to repeat yourself, but code often needs to repeat. In this lesson, you'll learn how to use loops to make code repeat until a condition is met.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Using Arrays</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Often, you may need to store more than one item of information, such as multiple test scores. In this lesson, you'll find out how to use arrays to store multiple items of information. Sure, you could also just use multiple variables, but with arrays, you also can harness the power of loops, which you learned about in the last lesson.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">C Strings for Storing Text</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Not all information are numbers. You'll often need to store text, such as names. In this lesson, you'll discover how to use C strings to store non-numeric information in an array.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Functions for Dividing and Organizing Code</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>What if your favorite textbook was just one very long paragraph with no chapters or sections? The content would be the same, but it would be much more difficult to read and follow, wouldn't it? Similarly, code, as it gets longer and more complicated, needs to be organized. In this lesson, you'll learn how to use functions to divide tasks and organize your code.</span></p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left">Saving and Retrieving Data</div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p><span>Microsoft Word wouldn't be very useful if you couldn't save your work and had to type it all over again each time you ran the program! Being able to save your work is important, but you also need to be able to load that saved work back into your program the next time you run it. In this lesson, you'll learn how to use file input/output to store and retrieve information.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="py-5" data-dom-id="instructors"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="instructors">Instructors &amp; Support</h2></div><div><p><strong>Jeffrey A. Kent</strong></p> <p>Jeffrey A. Kent is a Professor of Computer Science, teaching both traditional and online classes. He has taught a number of computer programming languages, including C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Assembly. He is the published author of several computer-programming books, including "Visual Basic 2005 Demystified" and "C++ Demystified." He is also an attorney and has combined both careers by writing applications for law firms.</p><p><strong>Instructor Interaction:</strong> The instructor looks forward to interacting with learners in the online moderated discussion area to share their expertise and answer any questions you may have on the course content.</p></div></div></div><div class="py-5" data-dom-id="requirements"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="requirements">Requirements</h2></div><div><p><strong>Prerequisites:</strong></p> <p>There are no prerequisites to take this course.</p> <p><strong>Requirements:</strong></p> <p>Hardware Requirements:</p> <ul> <li>This course can be taken on either a PC or Mac.</li> </ul> <p>Software Requirements:</p> <ul> <li>PC: Windows 8 or later.</li> <li>Mac: macOS 10.6 or later.</li> <li>Browser: The latest version of Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox are preferred. Microsoft Edge and Safari are also compatible.</li> <li><a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>.</li> <li>Software must be installed and fully operational before the course begins.</li> </ul> <p>Other:</p> <ul> <li>Email capabilities and access to a personal email account.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Instructional Material Requirements:</strong></p> <p>The instructional materials required for this course are included in enrollment and will be available online.</p></div></div></div><div class="bg-light expandable-section py-5" data-dom-id="faq"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="faq">FAQ</h2></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link">Expand All</button><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left"><p><strong>When can I get started?</strong></p></div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px">Instructor-Moderated: A new session of each course begins each month. Please refer&nbsp;to the session start dates for scheduling.​<br><br>Self-Guided: Your course begins immediately after you enroll.​</p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left"><p><strong>How does it work?</strong></p></div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px">Instructor-Moderated: Once a course session starts, two lessons will be released each&nbsp;week for the&nbsp;6 week&nbsp;duration of your course. You will have access to all&nbsp;previously released lessons until the course ends.&nbsp;You will interact with the&nbsp;instructor through the online discussion area. There are no live sessions or&nbsp;online meetings with the instructor.<br><br>Self-Guided: You have 3 months of access to the course. After enrolling, you can learn and complete the course at your own pace, within the allotted access period. You will have the opportunity to interact with other students in the online discussion area.</p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left"><p><strong>How long do I have to complete each lesson?</strong></p></div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px">Instructor-Moderated: The interactive discussion area for each lesson automatically&nbsp;closes two weeks after each lesson is released, so you're encouraged to&nbsp;complete each lesson within two weeks of its release.&nbsp;However, you will have&nbsp;access to all lessons from the time they are released until the course ends.​<br><br>Self-Guided: There is no time limit to complete each lesson, other than completing all lessons within the allotted access period. Discussion areas for&nbsp;each lesson are open for the entire duration of the course.</p></div><button aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="collapsed d-flex font-weight-bold px-0 text-decoration-none text-primary btn btn-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="collapse-flip size-1 text-muted mt-1"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><div class="pl-2 text-left"><p><strong>What if I need an extension?</strong></p></div></button><div class="ml-1 pl-4 collapse"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px">Instructor-Moderated: Students enrolled in a six-week online class benefit from a one-time, 10-day extension for each course. No further extensions can be provided beyond these 10 days.​<br><br>Self-Guided: Because this course is self-guided, no extensions will be granted after the start of your enrollment.</p></div></div></div><div class="py-5" data-dom-id="testimonial"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="testimonial">Reviews</h2></div><div id="reviewsCarouselMobile" data-testid="reviews-carousel-mobile" class="mt-4 pb-5 d-md-none carousel slide"><ol class="carousel-indicators"><li class="active"></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li></ol><div class="carousel-inner"><div class="active carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">At first I was skeptical about taking an online course as I never took one before, however after the first few lessons I had no cause to worry. This online course has taught me better than most actual classroom courses have and I strongly recommend it to anyone interested in getting a sound tutorial in this subject, regardless of experience as a programmer.</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Great class! Covered everything you need to know to get you started. Sometimes "beginner" classes don't start out at the beginner level. I knew nothing going in and was quite comfortable with the level that this course started with. Thanks!</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Helped a lot. I now feel like I can start doing independent projects to increase my learning. Before I couldn't understand all the jargon online. Now it all makes sense. Thank you, Mr. Kent.</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">I thoroughly enjoyed this course. I recommend everyone interested in a technical field take a similar course. Thank you,this course really motivated me to take advanced courses in this area.</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Jeffrey is one of the best professors I have ever had the privileged to study with. Being my first online course, I wasn't sure it would work out for me. I usually flourish with human-to-human contact. By the second week with Jeffrey and his clear, fun, and uplifting writing style, I knew I had made the right decision. And I felt that my professor was just as accessible as any teacher I have had. I appreciate this experience so much; I look forward to signing up for another online class with my school, and hopefully with Jeffrey.</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-small"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">The course was done quite well, and I liked the approach to how it was taught, good style. The course work explained concepts very well, and made it easier to understand.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="reviewsCarousel" data-testid="reviews-carousel" class="mt-4 pb-5 d-none d-md-block carousel slide"><ol class="carousel-indicators"><li class="active"></li><li></li><li></li></ol><div class="carousel-inner"><div class="active carousel-item"><div class="mx-0 row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">At first I was skeptical about taking an online course as I never took one before, however after the first few lessons I had no cause to worry. This online course has taught me better than most actual classroom courses have and I strongly recommend it to anyone interested in getting a sound tutorial in this subject, regardless of experience as a programmer.</p></div><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Great class! Covered everything you need to know to get you started. Sometimes "beginner" classes don't start out at the beginner level. I knew nothing going in and was quite comfortable with the level that this course started with. Thanks!</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="mx-0 row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Helped a lot. I now feel like I can start doing independent projects to increase my learning. Before I couldn't understand all the jargon online. Now it all makes sense. Thank you, Mr. Kent.</p></div><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">I thoroughly enjoyed this course. I recommend everyone interested in a technical field take a similar course. Thank you,this course really motivated me to take advanced courses in this area.</p></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div class="mx-0 row"><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">Jeffrey is one of the best professors I have ever had the privileged to study with. Being my first online course, I wasn't sure it would work out for me. I usually flourish with human-to-human contact. By the second week with Jeffrey and his clear, fun, and uplifting writing style, I knew I had made the right decision. And I felt that my professor was just as accessible as any teacher I have had. I appreciate this experience so much; I look forward to signing up for another online class with my school, and hopefully with Jeffrey.</p></div><div class="col"><div class="e2g-reviews_icon reviews-icon-large"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="text-white"><path d="M31.5 21.8c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5zm35.4 0c-6.8 0-12.3 5.7-12.3 12.6 0 7 5.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 0 4.1 24.4-12.3 24.4v5.9c29.3.2 40.7-55.5 12.3-55.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div><p class="font-italic mx-5 px-5">The course was done quite well, and I liked the approach to how it was taught, good style. The course work explained concepts very well, and made it easier to understand.</p></div></div></div></div><a class="carousel-control-next" role="button" href="#"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" aria-hidden="true" class="arrow-next text-dark"><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1 3l4 4 4-4"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div></div></div><div class="related-products py-5" data-dom-id="relatedCourses"><div class="container"><div class="border-bottom border-dark mb-4 pb-3"><h2 class="font-weight-light sticky-nav-target" id="relatedCourses">Related Courses</h2></div><div class="d-md-none"><a aria-label="Introduction to C# Programming" href="/courses/computer-science/programming/ilc/c-sharp-programming-introduction" data-testid="related-product-link-/courses/computer-science/programming/ilc/c-sharp-programming-introduction" class="d-block pl-0 mt-3 text-reset text-decoration-none btn 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This online course has taught me better than most actual classroom courses have and I strongly recommend it to anyone interested in getting a sound tutorial in this subject, regardless of experience as a programmer.","Great class! Covered everything you need to know to get you started. Sometimes \u0022beginner\u0022 classes don\u0027t start out at the beginner level. I knew nothing going in and was quite comfortable with the level that this course started with. Thanks!","Helped a lot. I now feel like I can start doing independent projects to increase my learning. Before I couldn\u0027t understand all the jargon online. Now it all makes sense. Thank you, Mr. Kent.","I thoroughly enjoyed this course. I recommend everyone interested in a technical field take a similar course. Thank you,this course really motivated me to take advanced courses in this area.","Jeffrey is one of the best professors I have ever had the privileged to study with. 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