CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>PubChem - Vikipedio</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )eowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januaro","februaro","marto","aprilo","majo","junio","julio","aŭgusto","septembro","oktobro","novembro","decembro"],"wgRequestId":"a2b2dbdb-4e3a-43b3-a847-372cdb62b16b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"PubChem","wgTitle":"PubChem","wgCurRevisionId":8567885,"wgRevisionId":8567885,"wgArticleId":516013,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Paĝoj kiuj uzas magiajn ligilojn por PubMed","Kemio","Kemiaj datumbazoj"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"PubChem","wgRelevantArticleId":516013,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}}, "wgStableRevisionId":8567885,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eo"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q278487","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.Rekta-ligilo-al-Komunejo","ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="PubChem - Vikipedio"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redakti" href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedio (eo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedio Atom-fonto" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-PubChem rootpage-PubChem skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltu al enhavo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ĉefa menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ĉefa menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ĉefa menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-desciption" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do"><span>Ĉefpaĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Komunumo" title="Pri la projekto, kion vi povas fari, kie vi povas trovi ion"><span>Komunuma portalo</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Diskutejo"><span>Diskutejo</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Aktuala%C4%B5oj" title="Trovi fonajn informojn pri nunaj eventoj"><span>Aktualaĵoj</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de la lastaj ŝanĝoj en la vikio. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Lastaj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Novaj_pa%C4%9Doj"><span>Novaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do" title="Iri al hazarda paĝo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Hazarda paĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="La loko por eltrovi"><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eo.svg" width="109" height="13" style="width: 6.8125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Ser%C4%89i" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serĉi tra Vikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serĉi</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" aria-label="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serĉi tra Vikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specialaĵo:Serĉi"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serĉi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personaj iloj"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo" class=""><span>Donaci</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=PubChem" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga" class=""><span>Krei konton</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=PubChem" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=PubChem" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=PubChem" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Datumbazoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datumbazoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Datumbazoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datumbazoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serĉo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serĉo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Serĉo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serĉo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizorgoj_de_la_Usona_Kemia_Societo_(ACS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizorgoj_de_la_Usona_Kemia_Societo_(ACS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prizorgoj de la Usona Kemia Societo (ACS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prizorgoj_de_la_Usona_Kemia_Societo_(ACS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kampoj_de_la_datumbazo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kampoj_de_la_datumbazo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kampoj de la datumbazo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kampoj_de_la_datumbazo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PubChem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 52 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85" title="بوب كيم — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوب كيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="পাবকেম — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাবকেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="پاب‌کم — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاب‌کم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82" title="പബ്‌കെം — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പബ്‌കെം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubchem" title="Pubchem — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pubchem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பப்கெம் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பப்கெம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="ผับเคม — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผับเคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="PubChem" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q278487#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:PubChem&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PubChem"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PubChem"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/PubChem" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/PubChem" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&oldid=8567885" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=PubChem&id=8567885&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPubChem"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPubChem"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=PubChem"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=PubChem&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q278487" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 23em; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" scope="col" style="background-color: #87CEFA;" class="kaplinio io">PubChem </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:PubChem_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="emblemo"><img alt="emblemo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/250px-PubChem_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/375px-PubChem_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/500px-PubChem_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="149" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#87CEFA; color:#000000;" class="wikidata-content"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2881060" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2881060"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">kemia datenbanko</span></a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4117139" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4117139"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">biologia datumbazo</span></a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5227240" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5227240"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">datena biblioteko</span></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278487?uselang=eo#P31" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b>Posedata de</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Nacia centro por bioteknologia informo</a> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278487#P127" class="extiw" title="d:Q278487">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width: 5.2em; text-align: left;">Retejo </th> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">Oficiala retejo</a> </td></tr> <tr><td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#87CEFA;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278487" title="d:Q278487"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_organiza%C4%B5o" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto organizaĵo">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_organiza%C4%B5o" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto organizaĵo">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono%3AInformkesto_organiza%C4%B5o&action=edit">r</a></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:PubChem_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/200px-PubChem_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/300px-PubChem_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PubChem_logo.svg/400px-PubChem_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="149" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7CB9E8; color: black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big><b>Enhavo</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Priskribo</td> <td>PubChem </td></tr> <tr> <td>Organismo</td> <td>Homoj kaj aliaj bestoj </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7CB9E8; color: black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big><b>Kontakto</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Instituto pri esploroj</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primara citaĵo</td> <td><a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879180?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15879180</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7CB9E8; color: black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big><b>Aliro</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>URL elŝuto</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pc_fetch/pc_fetch-help.html">FTP</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7CB9E8; color: black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big><b>Iloj</b></big> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7CB9E8; color: black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big><b>Miksamaso</b></big> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>PubChem (Publika Kemio) estas <a href="/wiki/Datumbazo" title="Datumbazo">datumbanko</a> kun <a href="/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio">kemiaj</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekulo" title="Molekulo">molekuloj</a> kaj ties respektivaj agadoj antaŭ biologiaj eksperimentoj. La sistemo proviziĝas de la Nacia Centro por Bioteknologia Informado (NCBI), iu branĉo de la Nacia Biblioteko pri Medicino<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kiu estas parto de la usona Nacia Instituto pri Sano (NIH)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. PubChem estas alirebla tute senpaga per <a href="/wiki/Homa-komputila_interfaco" title="Homa-komputila interfaco">uzanto-interfaco</a> de la reto. Miloj da strukturoj de komponaĵoj kaj priskribaj datumkunaĵoj estas libere elŝutitaj pere de <a href="/wiki/Dosiero-Transiga_Protokolo" title="Dosiero-Transiga Protokolo">Protokolo por Transigo de Dosiero</a>. PubChem enhavas priskriboj por substancoj kaj etaj molekuloj kun malpli ol 1000 atomoj kaj 1000 ligoj. Pli ol 80 kontribuantoj da datumbankoj kunlaboras por la kresko de la datumbazo de PubChem. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datumbazoj">Datumbazoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Datumbazoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Datumbazoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PubChem konsistas je tri dinamike kreskantaj primaraj datumbankoj. En la 29-a de septembro 2014 la datumbanko de PubChem prezentis la jenan strukturon: </p> <ul><li>54 milionoj da ĉefvortoj por kombinaĵoj (31 milionoj ekde januaro 2011), entenantaj kemiajn kombinaĵojn purajn kaj distingajn</li> <li>163,5 milionoj da ĉefvortoj por substancoj (75 milionoj ekde januaro 2011), ankaŭ entenantaj miksaĵojn, ekstraktojn, kompleksojn, kaj diversajn substancojn</li> <li>BioEksperimentoj, rezultoj de bioaktiveco ekde 6059 programoj por Komputila Bildigo per Alta Uzebleco<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kun valoroj je pluraj milionoj.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serĉo"><span id="Ser.C4.89o"></span>Serĉo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Serĉo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Serĉo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La serĉado en la datumbazo eblas por vasta amaso da proprecoj, nome, kemia strukturo, nekompletaj nomoj, <a href="/wiki/Kemia_formulo" title="Kemia formulo">kemia formulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekula_maso" title="Molekula maso">molekula pezo</a>, Koeficiento de Divido<sup id="cite_ref-divido_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divido-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, krom la Numero de donantoj kaj akceptantoj de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogena_ligo" title="Hidrogena ligo">Hidrogena ligo</a>. </p><p>PubChem prezentas sian samtempan (online) molekulan eldoniston pere de la apogsoftvaroj <a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES/SMARTS</a> kaj Internacia Kemia Identigilo aŭ InChl permesantaj la importadon kaj eksportadon de la plej ordinaraj formatoj de kemiaj dosieroj kiuj helpas en la serĉado de strukturoj kaj fragmentoj. </p><p>Ĉiu aliro provizas informojn pri sinonimoj, kemiaj proprecoj, kemiaj strukturoj inkluzive rekonante sinsekvojn da simboloj kaj karakteroj de SMILES kaj InChl, bioaktivecon, kaj ligiloj al komponaĵoj strukture ligitaj krom aliaj datumbazoj de NCBI kiel PubMed<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En la formularo por tekstoserĉado la kampoj de la datumbazo estas plenigeblaj aldonante la kamponomon ene de <a href="/wiki/Krampo_(interpunkcio)" title="Krampo (interpunkcio)">kvadrataj krampoj</a> por la vortoserĉo. Unu numerintervalo reprezentiĝas de du numeroj apartigitaj de <a href="/wiki/Komo" title="Komo">komo</a>. La serĉovortoj kaj la kamponomoj ne estas kazo-sentivaj. Parentezoj kaj logikaj operatoroj AND, OR kaj NOT estas uzeblaj. AND akceptiĝas kiam nenia operatoro uzatas. </p><p>Ekzemplo pri la Regulo de Kvin far Lipinski<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <p><big><b>0:500[mw] 0:5[hbdc] 0:10[hbac] -5:5[logp]</b></big> </p> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Historio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Historio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PubChem ekzistas ekde 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizorgoj_de_la_Usona_Kemia_Societo_(ACS)"><span id="Prizorgoj_de_la_Usona_Kemia_Societo_.28ACS.29"></span>Prizorgoj de la Usona Kemia Societo (ACS)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Prizorgoj de la Usona Kemia Societo (ACS)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Prizorgoj de la Usona Kemia Societo (ACS)"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Usona Kemia Societo<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pligrandigis ties prizorgoj rilate al la publike apogita datumbazo de PubChem, ĉar laŭŝajne tio povas signifi konkurencon kun la jam ekzistanta Servo pri Abstrakta Kemio<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, fondita en 1907. Ili havas fortan intereson pri la temo ĉar la Servo pri Abstrakta Kemio estas grandparte respondeca pri la enspezoj de la societo. Por defendi siajn rajtojn kontraŭ la datumbanko de PubChem, la Usona Kemia Societo ade postulas reagon de Usona Kongreso. </p><p>Iom post la kreado de PubChem, la Usona Kemia Societo insiste penis influi sur la Usona Kongreso rilate al streĉado en la operacioj de PubChem, kiu, laŭ ili, konkurencas kun la Servo pri Abstrakta Kemio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kampoj_de_la_datumbazo">Kampoj de la datumbazo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Kampoj de la datumbazo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Kampoj de la datumbazo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3"><br /> <b>Identigaj kampoj</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Identiga numero en la kuranta datumbazo</td> <td>[UID] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Identiga numero de la Substanco</td> <td>[SID] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Identiga numero de la komponaĵo</td> <td>[CID] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Identiga numero de la BioEksperimento</td> <td>[BAID], [AID] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><br /> <b>Ĝenerala</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Ajna kampo de la datumbazo</td> <td>[ALL] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Komento</td> <td>[CMT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Depondato</td> <td>[DDAT], [DEPDAT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Identigo de la Ekstera deponanto</td> <td>[SRID], [SRCID] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Fonto-nomo</td> <td>[SRC], [SRCNAM], [SRCNAME] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Dato de fontlanĉo</td> <td>[SRD], [SRDAT], [RLSDAT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Difino de la <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Titolo por Medicina Temo</a> (MeSH)</td> <td>[MSHT], [MESHT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Arba nodo de MeSH</td> <td>[MSHN], [MESHTN] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Farmakologiaj efektoj de MeSH</td> <td>[PHMA], [PHARMA] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><br /> <b>Proprecoj de la substancoj</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Sinonimoj de la substancoj</td> <td>[SYNO] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IUTAK" class="mw-redirect" title="IUTAK">Nomo IUTAK</a></td> <td>[UPAC], [IUPAC] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Internacia Chemia Identigilo (InChI)</td> <td>[INCHI] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molekula_maso" title="Molekula maso">Molekula pezo</a></td> <td>[MW], [MWT], [MOLWT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemia_elemento" title="Kemia elemento">Kemiaj elementoj</a></td> <td>[ELMT], [EL] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Nehidrogenaj atomoj</td> <td>[HAC], [HACNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de <a href="/wiki/Izotopo" title="Izotopo">Izotopoj</a></td> <td>[IAC], [IACNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Totala formala ŝarĝo<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>[TFC], [CHG], [CHRG] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de <a href="/wiki/%C4%A4iraleco" title="Ĥiraleco">Kiralaj atomoj</a></td> <td>[ACC], [ACCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de difinitaj kiralaj atomoj</td> <td>[ACDC], [ACDCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de nedifinitaj kiralaj atomoj</td> <td>[ACUC], [ACUCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de akceptanto de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogena_ligo" title="Hidrogena ligo">Hidrogena ligo</a></td> <td>[HBAC], [HBACNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de donanto de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogena_ligo" title="Hidrogena ligo">Hidrogena ligo</a></td> <td>[HBDC], [HBDCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de Taŭtomeroj</td> <td>[TC], [TCNT], [TTMC] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de Rotaciaj ligoj</td> <td>[RBC], [RBCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>XLogP aŭ Konstanto de Separiĝo<sup id="cite_ref-divido_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divido-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><br /> <b>Proprecoj de la Kombinaĵoj</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Sinonimoj de la kombinaĵo</td> <td>[CSYN], [CSYNO] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de la kombinaĵo</td> <td>[CC], [CCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero je kovalencaj ligoj de la molekulo</td> <td>[CUC], [CUCNT] </td></tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>Numero de totala bioaktiveco</td> <td>[TAC] </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/">Usona Nacia Biblioteko pri Medicino</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nih.gov/">Nacia Instituto pri Sano</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scripps.edu/florida/technologies/hts/">High Throughput Screening (HTS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divido-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-divido_4-0"><sup>4,0</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divido_4-1"><sup>4,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=CkQ9VI8jMocC&pg=PA36&dq=Partition+coefficient&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=7xv3VLmVPIvHsQSr-oCQBA&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Partition%20coefficient&f=false">Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Sciences</a>, Nita K. Pandit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">La Koeficiento de Divido aŭ Konstanto de Separiĝo oleo-akvo estas la rilato inter la koncentriĝoj de la substancoj, por ekscii en kiu momento ili separiĝas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed">PubMed</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Q_Kj1Qvgob4C&pg=PA143&dq=Lipinski%27s+rule+of+five&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=myf3VICZB4zjsATek4D4BA&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lipinski's%20rule%20of%20five&f=false">Structure-based Drug Discovery: An Overview</a>, R. E. Hubbard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en.html">Usona Kemia Societo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.org/">Hompaĝo de Chemical Abstracts Service</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=xx_uIP5LgO8C&pg=PA18&dq=Formal+charge+FC&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=izL3VODYFIz7sASap4KgCw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Formal%20charge%20FC&f=false">Organic Chemistry</a>, Marye Anne Fox, James K. Whitesell</span> </li> </ol></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PubChem&oldid=8567885">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PubChem&oldid=8567885</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kemio" title="Kategorio:Kemio">Kemio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kemiaj_datumbazoj" title="Kategorio:Kemiaj datumbazoj">Kemiaj datumbazoj</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Pa%C4%9Doj_kiuj_uzas_magiajn_ligilojn_por_PubMed" title="Kategorio:Paĝoj kiuj uzas magiajn ligilojn por PubMed">Paĝoj kiuj uzas magiajn ligilojn por PubMed</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 17:45, 2 jan. 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. Vidu la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">uzkondiĉojn</a> por detaloj.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Regularo pri respekto de la privateco</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Enkonduko">Pri Vikipedio</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Malgarantio">Malgarantioj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programistoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eo.wikipedia.org">Statistikoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Deklaro pri kuketoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eo.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PubChem&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Poŝtelefona vido</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-x5wzj","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.170","walltime":"0.273","ppvisitednodes":{"value":831,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7616,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":67,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4530,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 238.819 1 -total"," 95.09% 227.088 1 Ŝablono:Informkesto_organizaĵo"," 11.61% 27.715 1 Ŝablono:Ŝanĝu_ŝablonon"," 8.36% 19.973 1 Ŝablono:Honorigoj"," 6.73% 16.070 1 Ŝablono:PAGENAMEBASE"," 3.39% 8.091 2 Ŝablono:Booland"," 2.48% 5.915 1 Ŝablono:Referencoj"," 1.66% 3.968 1 Ŝablono:VDIK"," 1.04% 2.492 1 Ŝablono:Kesta_ombro"," 0.87% 2.081 5 Ŝablono:!-"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.091","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2594507,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-sxlt5","timestamp":"20241117172734","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"PubChem","url":"https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubChem","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q278487","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q278487","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-03-04T16:44:49Z"}</script> </body> </html>