CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nikephoros I - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"57724e97-a2e8-4bae-9f9f-507c03201795","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nikephoros_I","wgTitle":"Nikephoros I","wgCurRevisionId":1266243801,"wgRevisionId":1266243801,"wgArticleId":73985,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2020","Articles containing Greek-language text","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica","750 births","811 deaths","9th-century Byzantine emperors","Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars", "8th-century Byzantine military personnel","8th-century births","Roman emperors killed in battle","Monarchs killed in action","Christian monarchs","800s in the Byzantine Empire","810s in the Byzantine Empire","Byzantine people of Arab descent","Nikephorian dynasty","Logothetai tou genikou","Byzantine consuls"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nikephoros_I","wgRelevantArticleId":73985,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q208754","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1129"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="753"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="602"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nikephoros I - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nikephoros_I rootpage-Nikephoros_I skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nikephoros+I" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nikephoros+I" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nikephoros+I" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nikephoros+I" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns_against_the_Arabs_and_Bulgars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns_against_the_Arabs_and_Bulgars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Campaigns against the Arabs and Bulgars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns_against_the_Arabs_and_Bulgars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Assessment and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikephoros I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I_Logothetes" title="Nikephoros I Logothetes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nikephoros I Logothetes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I." title="Nikephoros I. – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nikephoros I." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="نقفور الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقفور الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niceforo_I" title="Niceforo I – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Niceforo I" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Nikefor_(imperator)" title="I Nikefor (imperator) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Nikefor (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بیرینجی نیکه‌فوروس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی نیکه‌فوروس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_1-s%C3%A8" title="Nikephoros 1-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nikephoros 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80_I" title="Нікіфар I – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікіфар I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Никифор I Геник – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Никифор I Геник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikefor_I" title="Nikefor I – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nikefor I" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_I_el_Logoteta" title="Nicèfor I el Logoteta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicèfor I el Logoteta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_I." title="Nikeforos I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikeforos I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I." title="Nikephoros I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikephoros I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nikephoros I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%C2%B4" title="Νικηφόρος Α´ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικηφόρος Α´" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9foro_I" title="Nicéforo I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicéforo I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforo_la_1-a" title="Nikeforo la 1-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nikeforo la 1-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizeforo_I.a_Logoteta" title="Nizeforo I.a Logoteta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nizeforo I.a Logoteta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="نیکه‌فوروس یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکه‌فوروس یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ier" title="Nicéphore Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicéphore Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9foro_I" title="Nicéforo I – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nicéforo I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_1-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Nikephoros 1-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nikephoros 1-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%ED%82%A4%ED%8F%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="니키포로스 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니키포로스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD_I" title="Նիկեփորոս I – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկեփորոս I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikefor_I." title="Nikefor I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nikefor I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik%C4%93phoros_I" title="Nikēphoros I – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikēphoros I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niceforo_I_il_Logoteta" title="Niceforo I il Logoteta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niceforo I il Logoteta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ניקפורוס הראשון, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקפורוס הראשון, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_I_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ნიკიფორე I (ბიზანტია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკიფორე I (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicephorus_I" title="Nicephorus I – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicephorus I" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Nik%C3%A9phorosz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="I. Niképhorosz bizánci császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Niképhorosz bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I" title="Никифор I – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Никифор I" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="نقفور الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نقفور الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nikephoros I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96" title="ニケフォロス1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニケフォロス1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_I" title="Nikeforos I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nikeforos I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicefor_I_(cesarz_bizanty%C5%84ski)" title="Nicefor I (cesarz bizantyński) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicefor I (cesarz bizantyński)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9foro_I,_o_Log%C3%B3teta" title="Nicéforo I, o Logóteta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicéforo I, o Logóteta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicefor_I_Genikos" title="Nicefor I Genikos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicefor I Genikos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I" title="Никифор I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никифор I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikefor_I._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Nikefor I. (Byzantská ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nikefor I. (Byzantská ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikefor_I._Logotet" title="Nikefor I. Logotet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nikefor I. Logotet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="نیکەفۆرۆسی یەکەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیکەفۆرۆسی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Нићифор I (византијски цар) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нићифор I (византијски цар)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikifor_I_(vizantijski_car)" title="Nikifor I (vizantijski car) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nikifor I (vizantijski car)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_I" title="Nikeforos I – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikeforos I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_I" title="Nikeforos I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nikeforos I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nikephoros I" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Nikiforos" title="I. Nikiforos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Nikiforos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I" title="Никифор I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Никифор I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="نیکیفوروس اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیکیفوروس اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nikephoros I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%BC%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="尼基弗鲁斯一世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼基弗鲁斯一世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_I" title="Nikeforos I – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nikeforos I" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%BC%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="尼基弗鲁斯一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼基弗鲁斯一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208754#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nikephoros_I" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nikephoros_I" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nikephoros_I" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&oldid=1266243801" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nikephoros_I&id=1266243801&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNikephoros_I"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNikephoros_I"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nikephoros_I&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nicephorus_I" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208754" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Byzantine emperor from 802 to 811</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nicephorus I" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_I_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nicephorus I (disambiguation)">Nicephorus I (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Nikephoros I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperor of the Romans</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/200px-INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/300px-INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/400px-INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Gold <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">solidus</a> of Nikephoros I, marked: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">niciforos basile(us)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">31 October 802 – 26 July 811</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">750</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 July 811 (aged 60–61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Battle of Pliska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prokopia" title="Prokopia">Prokopia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nikephorian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: 20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="color:#FFF; background:#b80049;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty"><span style="color:white">Nikephorian dynasty</span></a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E5E4E2;"> Chronology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikephoros I</a></b> <div style="float: right;">802–811</div></li> <li>with <a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a> <div style="float: right;">803–811</div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></b> <div style="float: right;">811</div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I</a></b> <div style="float: right;">811–813</div></li> <li>with <a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a><div style="float: right;">811–813</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E5E4E2;"> Succession</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;;text-align: center;"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Preceded by<br /><a href="/wiki/Isaurian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaurian dynasty">Isaurian dynasty</a></td><td> Followed by<br /><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amorian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorian dynasty">Amorian dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Template:Nikephorian dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Template talk:Nikephorian dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nikephorian dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nikephoros I</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Νικηφόρος</span>; 750 – 26 July 811), also known as <b>Nicephorus I</b>, was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> from 802 to 811. He was <a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">General Logothete</a> (finance minister) under Empress <a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a>, but later overthrew her to seize the throne for himself. Prior to becoming emperor, he was sometimes referred to as "the <a href="/wiki/Logothete" title="Logothete">Logothete</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ὁ Λογοθέτης</span>) and "Genikos" or "Genicus" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ὁ Γενικός</span>), in recognition of his previous role as General Logothete. </p><p>During his reign, Nikephoros engaged in military campaigns against both the Arabs and the Bulgarians, although the outcomes were varied. While leading an invasion into Bulgaria, he suffered a defeat and was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Battle of Pliska</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to several sources outside the Byzantine context, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mas%27udi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mas'udi">Mas'udi</a>, there is a tradition that suggests Nikephoros had <a href="/wiki/Ghassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghassanid">Ghassanid</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> origins and that he descended from the final Ghassanid ruler <a href="/wiki/Jabala_ibn_al-Ayham" title="Jabala ibn al-Ayham">Jabala ibn al-Ayham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201242_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201242-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiliarsky2013208_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiliarsky2013208-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Tabari assets that he obtained this information from Byzantine sources,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although no surviving Byzantine chronicle explicitly mentions the emperor's ethnic background.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul Julius Alexander, a modern scholar, proposes that al-Tabari might have indeed transmitted information found in Byzantine writings. He points to an apocalyptic text that has been preserved in a "hopelessly corrupt" copy, where it is mentioned that the emperor hailed "from the race of Gopsin".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian Nadia Maria El-Cheikh transmits another, alternative, tradition from Arab sources (specifically <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">al-Masudi</a>), in which Nikephoros supposedly originated from the <a href="/wiki/Iyad_(tribe)" title="Iyad (tribe)">Iyad tribe</a>; she doubts both traditions, believing that they are simply legends.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Cheikh200495,_132_n._40_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Cheikh200495,_132_n._40-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If he was of Arabian ancestry, one of his ancestors must have migrated to <a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, where Nikephoros was born.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVasiliev1964271_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVasiliev1964271-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png/220px-Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png/330px-Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png/440px-Byzantine_Empire_802_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="3998" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>The Byzantine Empire at the beginning of the reign of Nikephoros I, in 802 AD.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accession">Accession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nikephoros was appointed finance minister (<i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">logothetēs tou genikou</a></i>) by Empress <a href="/wiki/Irene_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irene (empress)">Irene</a>. He played a significant role in a power struggle among courtiers. During Irene's years as sole ruler (797–802), discontent grew due to her financial laxity. In 802, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> initiated marriage negotiations to "unite" the new Western and Eastern empires, thus resolving the <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_two_emperors" title="Problem of two emperors">problem of two emperors</a>. Irene was happy to do so, but the proposal was frightening to some Byzantine civil and military officials, including <a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestic of the Schools</a> <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Triphyllios" title="Niketas Triphyllios">Niketas Triphyllios</a> and relative of Irene <a href="/wiki/Sarantapechos" title="Sarantapechos">Leon Sarantapechos</a>, who began a conspiracy led by Nikephoros to overthrow Irene. While the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> ambassadors were still in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to negotiate the marriage, the conspiracy was set in motion. Irene was at her palace near the <a href="/wiki/Harbour_of_Eleutherios" title="Harbour of Eleutherios">Harbour of Eleutherios</a>. Nikephoros' co-conspirators falsely informed the guards that the courtier <a href="/wiki/Aetios_(eunuch)" title="Aetios (eunuch)">Aetios</a> was forcing Irene to cede the throne to his brother Leo, and that opponents of the coup wished to make Nikephoros emperor instead. The guards sided with Nikephoros, and the palace was surrounded. The next day, Irene was removed and confined to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace of Constantinople</a>. With the support of his co-conspirators, Nikephoros was then crowned emperor by Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Tarasios_of_Constantinople" title="Tarasios of Constantinople">Tarasios of Constantinople</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a> on 31 October 802. At first Irene was banished to the nearby island of <a href="/wiki/Prinkipo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prinkipo">Prinkipo</a>, but she was suspected of plotting with Aetios, and so banished to <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011293–294_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011293–294-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008278_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008278-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland199989_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland199989-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:104_-_Nikephoros_I_(Mutinensis_-_color).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/104_-_Nikephoros_I_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/220px-104_-_Nikephoros_I_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/104_-_Nikephoros_I_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/330px-104_-_Nikephoros_I_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/104_-_Nikephoros_I_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption>The 104th imperial portrait in <i><a href="/wiki/Mutinensis_gr._122" title="Mutinensis gr. 122">Mutinensis gr. 122</a></i>, depicting Nikephoros I.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nikephoros undertook a comprehensive reorganisation of the Byzantine Empire and made efforts to strengthen its borders. Similarly to the Isaurian emperors, Nikephoros enacted a vigorous policy of resettlement of impoverished soldiers and peasants from the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">themes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. He expanded and consolidated the imperial military forces in various themes, managing the empire's finances with strict discipline, which led to the displeasure and hostility of his subjects. To secure political stability and succession, he crowned his son <a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a> co-emperor on Christmas Day 803.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008261_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008261-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011359–360_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011359–360-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to later accounts by <i><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></i> in the 10th century and <i><a href="/wiki/Synopsis_Chronike_(Skoutariotes)" title="Synopsis Chronike (Skoutariotes)">Synopsis Chronike</a></i> in the 13th century, the rebellion of General <a href="/wiki/Bardanes_Tourkos" title="Bardanes Tourkos">Bardanes Tourkos</a> in 803 may have been triggered by dissatisfaction with Nikephoros' handling of army salaries. Two influential supporters of Bardanes, Generals <a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo</a> (later Emperor Leo V) and <a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael</a> (later Emperor Michael II), defected to Nikephoros, receiving major promotions as a reward. Bardanes surrendered on the condition of a pledge of safety for him and his followers but he was soon blinded and sent to a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaegi1981245–246_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaegi1981245–246-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A conspiracy led by the patrician <a href="/wiki/Arsaber" title="Arsaber">Arsaber</a> in 808 had a similar outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011361_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011361-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 805, the <a href="/wiki/Sclaveni" title="Sclaveni">Sclaveni</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> rebelled against Nikephoros, who in response appropriated them and their property to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Patras" title="Metropolis of Patras">Archbishopric of Patras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008258_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008258-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the death of Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Tarasios_of_Constantinople" title="Tarasios of Constantinople">Tarasios of Constantinople</a> in February 806, Nikephoros appointed an <a href="/wiki/Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">iconodule</a> layman, <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros</a>, causing the monks at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Stoudios" title="Monastery of Stoudios">Monastery of Stoudios</a> including <a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Stoudite" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore the Stoudite">Theodore the Stoudite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Sakkoudion" title="Plato of Sakkoudion">Plato of Sakkoudion</a> to grow hostile towards him. Nikephoros also revived the <a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens#Moechian_controversy_and_conspiracy_to_depose_Constantine_VI" title="Irene of Athens">Moechian controversy</a> by convoking a synod in which <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a>'s second marriage was declared lawful. Theodore persuaded his brother, Joseph, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Thessalonica">Archbishop of Thessalonica</a>, to refuse to celebrate the Christmas liturgy with the Patriarch and Emperor, leading to a confrontation. Nikephoros confirmed in a 809 synod that the emperor was not bound by <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, and demoted Joseph, Theodore and Plato, banishing them to the <a href="/wiki/Princes%27_Islands" title="Princes' Islands">Princes' Islands</a>. Although the Stoudites were unsuccessful, Theodore's subsequent reputation benefited from his position and behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011360_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011360-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nikephoros' imposition of taxes and his attempts to exert control over the church created a rift between him and the clergy. Although he appointed the iconodule Nikephoros as the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">patriarch</a>, Emperor Nikephoros was portrayed unfavorably by ecclesiastical historians such as <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011721_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011721-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 802, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> recognised the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> fief under his third son, <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin of Italy</a>. Nikephoros responded by sending a fleet, but a compromise was reached in which the pro-Frankish <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obelerio_degli_Antenori" title="Obelerio degli Antenori">Obelerio degli Antenori</a>, would accept the additional title of <i><a href="/wiki/Spatharios" title="Spatharios">spatharios</a></i> to confirm his imperial loyalty. Nikephoros concluded a treaty known as the "<a href="/wiki/Pax_Nicephori" title="Pax Nicephori">Pax Nicephori</a>" with Charlemagne, but refused to acknowledge his imperial status. Relations between the two deteriorated, leading to a war over Venice between 807 and 810 when Obelerio began to show signs of disloyalty, and a second Byzantine fleet arrived. While Nikephoros managed to suppress a rebellion in Venice in 807, he suffered significant losses to the Franks. The conflict was ultimately resolved after Nikephoros' death. Local opinion was overwhelmingly in favour of Byzantium, resulting in the assignment of Venice, <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> coast, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> to the Eastern realm, while <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pentapolis" title="Pentapolis">Pentapolis</a> were included in the Western realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2008455–456_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2008455–456-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaigns_against_the_Arabs_and_Bulgars">Campaigns against the Arabs and Bulgars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaigns against the Arabs and Bulgars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A(2)-Fig07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A%282%29-Fig07.jpg/220px-A%282%29-Fig07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A%282%29-Fig07.jpg/330px-A%282%29-Fig07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A%282%29-Fig07.jpg/440px-A%282%29-Fig07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Khan <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a> captures Nikephoros I, from the 14th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Manasses_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Manasses Chronicle">Manasses Chronicle</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Shortly after Nikephoros' accession, he sent an insulting letter to <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Caliph">Abbasid Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a>, demanding the return of tribute which Empress Irene had paid. He withheld further tribute, and there may have been raids against Arab settlements. Nikephoros thus committed himself to a war against Harun. Due to Bardanes' disloyalty, Nikephoros was forced to lead the military campaign himself, resulting in a severe defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasos" title="Battle of Krasos">Battle of Krasos</a> in Phrygia in 805. Although there was an exchange of prisoners, Harun imposed a tribute of 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Dinars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinars">dinars</a> on Byzantium. In 806, a Muslim army comprising 135,000 soldiers <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_invasion_of_Asia_Minor_(806)" title="Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (806)">invaded the Empire</a>, once again led by Harun, and captured <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Cybistra" title="Heraclea Cybistra">Heraclea Cybistra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tyana</a>. Unable to match the Muslim forces, Nikephoros agreed to peace on the condition of an immediate payment of 50,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma">nomismata</a></i> and an annual tribute of 30,000 <i>nomismata</i>. Harun had taken measures to secure the Arab-Byzantine frontier including the construction of new fortified districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Al-Awasim" title="Al-Awasim">al-Awasim</a></i>) in order to more effectively gain control of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. However, with the Caliphate embroiled in a <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Fitna" title="Fourth Fitna">succession struggle</a> following Harun al-Rashid's death in 809, Nikephoros was able to focus on dealing with <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a>, the Khan of Bulgaria, who was posing a threat to the empire's northern frontiers and had recently conquered <a href="/wiki/Serdica" class="mw-redirect" title="Serdica">Serdica</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011222_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011222-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaegi2008389–390_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaegi2008389–390-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irene abolished several economic policies enacted by the Isaurians to sustain the Byzantine military, including the taxing of soldiers' widows to compensate for the loss of a fully-equipped soldier, if their household were to continue receiving a pension and tax exemptions. Thus, there was a manpower shortage by 809/810 which forced Nikephoros to decree that rural peasants be enlisted and equipped at the expense of their fellow villagers—a policy which drew harsh criticism from <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a> who numbered it among Nikephoros' "vexations".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008269_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008269-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 809, the Bulgars captured the wagon of the <i>rogai</i> (cash renumeration for the Byzantine military) on the river <a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Struma</a>, which contained 79,200 <i>nomismata</i>. In 811, the Arabs captured the <i>rogai</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Armeniac_Theme" title="Armeniac Theme">Armeniac Theme</a> which totalled to 93,600 <i>nomismata</i>. The payment of <i>rogai</i> was vital for the military and so the wagon was a key target for enemy capture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008270_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008270-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 811, Nikephoros launched an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and was initially successful against Khan Krum and his armies, and sacked the Bulgarian capital, <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Chronicle</i> of <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a>, a 12th-century patriarch of the Syrian Jacobites, describes the brutality and atrocities committed by Nikephoros: "Now Nicephorus went with a large force against the Bulghars. He reached the capital city of their kingdom and caused great destruction, to the point that he threw their little children on the ground and mercilessly drove over them with his threshing wagons."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Nikephoros' forces were returning to Byzantium, the imperial army was ambushed and annihilated in the <a href="/wiki/Varbitsa_Pass" title="Varbitsa Pass">Varbitsa Pass</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Battle of Pliska</a> by Krum. Nikephoros perished in the battle, and Krum is said to have had his head severed and used his skull as <a href="/wiki/Skull_cup" title="Skull cup">a drinking cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008257_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008257-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defeat was disastrous for Byzantine morale and for the political stability of the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment_and_legacy">Assessment and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assessment and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reigns of the <a href="/wiki/Iconoclast" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconoclast">iconoclast</a> emperors <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III the Isaurian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 717–741</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 741–775</span>) were militarily successful and saw the abatement of the Arab and Bulgar threat. According to the <a href="/wiki/Iconodule" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconodule">iconodule</a> Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros I of Constantinople</a>, Isaurian propaganda ascribed both their military successes and longevity to their iconoclasm. The validity of iconoclasm was only confirmed by the military disasters under the iconodule emperors Nikephoros I and <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rhangabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I Rhangabe">Michael I Rhangabe</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 811–813</span>) as well as the success of the iconoclast <a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V the Armenian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 813–820</span>) against the Bulgars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008282_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By an unknown wife Nikephoros I had at least two children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a>, who succeeded as emperor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokopia" title="Prokopia">Prokopia</a>, who married <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rhangabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I Rhangabe">Michael I Rhangabe</a>, emperor 811–813.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/28px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/42px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/56px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire" title="Portal:Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">List of Byzantine emperors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekkumDrijversKlugkist200797_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBekkumDrijversKlugkist2007">Bekkum, Drijvers & Klugkist 2007</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201242-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201242_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper & Decker 2012</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiliarsky2013208-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiliarsky2013208_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBiliarsky2013">Biliarsky 2013</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander198566_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander1985">Alexander 1985</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Cheikh200495,_132_n._40-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Cheikh200495,_132_n._40_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-Cheikh2004">El-Cheikh 2004</a>, pp. 95, 132 n. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVasiliev1964271-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVasiliev1964271_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVasiliev1964">Vasiliev 1964</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011293–294-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011293–294_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, pp. 293–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008278-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008278_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland199989-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland199989_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarland1999">Garland 1999</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008261-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008261_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, pp. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011359–360-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011359–360_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, pp. 359–360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaegi1981245–246-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaegi1981245–246_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaegi1981">Kaegi 1981</a>, pp. 245–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011361-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011361_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008258-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008258_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, pp. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011360-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011360_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011721-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011721_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, p. 721.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2008455–456-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2008455–456_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown2008">Brown 2008</a>, pp. 455–456.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011222-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011222_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMikaberidze2011">Mikaberidze 2011</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaegi2008389–390-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaegi2008389–390_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaegi2008">Kaegi 2008</a>, pp. 389–390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008269-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008269_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008270-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008270_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrubakerHaldon2011358_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011">Brubaker & Haldon 2011</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013">Sources of the Armenian Tradition 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008257-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008257_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008282-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuzépy2008282_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuzépy2008">Auzépy 2008</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1985" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Paul Julius (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nw-rR_Skb-cC&pg=PA66"><i>The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520049987" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520049987"><bdi>978-0520049987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Apocalyptic+Tradition&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0520049987&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Paul+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnw-rR_Skb-cC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuzépy2008" class="citation book cs1">Auzépy, Marie-France (2008). "State of emergency (700–850)". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.). <i>The Cambridge history of the Byzantine Empire (c. 500–1492)</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1"><bdi>978-0-521-83231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=State+of+emergency+%28700%E2%80%93850%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+the+Byzantine+Empire+%28c.+500%E2%80%931492%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83231-1&rft.aulast=Auz%C3%A9py&rft.aufirst=Marie-France&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013" class="citation web cs1">Sources of the Armenian Tradition (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ChronicleOfMichaelTheGreatPatriarchOfTheSyrians/page/148/mode/2up">"The <i>Chronicle</i> of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i>. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. pp. <span class="nowrap">148–</span>149<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Chronicle+of+Michael+the+Great%2C+Patriarch+of+the+Syrians&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E148-%3C%2Fspan%3E149&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Sources+of+the+Armenian+Tradition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FChronicleOfMichaelTheGreatPatriarchOfTheSyrians%2Fpage%2F148%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekkumDrijversKlugkist2007" class="citation book cs1">Bekkum, Wout Jac van; Drijvers, Jan Willem; Klugkist, Alexander Cornelis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7tW-jA2yfkC&pg=PA97"><i>Syriac Polemics: Studies in Honour of Gerrit Jan Reinink</i></a>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9042919730" title="Special:BookSources/978-9042919730"><bdi>978-9042919730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syriac+Polemics%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Gerrit+Jan+Reinink&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9042919730&rft.aulast=Bekkum&rft.aufirst=Wout+Jac+van&rft.au=Drijvers%2C+Jan+Willem&rft.au=Klugkist%2C+Alexander+Cornelis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU7tW-jA2yfkC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiliarsky2013" class="citation book cs1">Biliarsky, Ivan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mbevAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208"><i>The Tale of the Prophet Isaiah: The Destiny and Meanings of an Apocryphal Text</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004254381" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004254381"><bdi>978-9004254381</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tale+of+the+Prophet+Isaiah%3A+The+Destiny+and+Meanings+of+an+Apocryphal+Text&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004254381&rft.aulast=Biliarsky&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmbevAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2008" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Thomas S. (2008). "Byzantine Italy ((680–876)". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.). <i>The Cambridge history of the Byzantine Empire (c. 500–1492)</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1"><bdi>978-0-521-83231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Byzantine+Italy+%28%28680%E2%80%93876%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+the+Byzantine+Empire+%28c.+500%E2%80%931492%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83231-1&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011" class="citation book cs1">Brubaker, Leslie; Haldon, John (2011). <i>Byzantium in the iconoclast era, c. 680–850</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43093-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43093-7"><bdi>978-0-521-43093-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+in+the+iconoclast+era%2C+c.+680%E2%80%93850&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43093-7&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=Haldon%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperDecker2012" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Eric; Decker, Michael J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZRZTZ5OZC8C&pg=PA42"><i>Life and Society in Byzantine Cappadocia</i></a>. Springer. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137029645" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137029645"><bdi>978-1137029645</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Society+in+Byzantine+Cappadocia&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1137029645&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Decker%2C+Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ZRZTZ5OZC8C%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Cheikh2004" class="citation book cs1">El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QC03pKNpfaoC"><i>Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs</i></a>. Harvard CMES. pp. 95, 132 n. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-30-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-30-2"><bdi>978-0-932885-30-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+Viewed+by+the+Arabs&rft.pages=95%2C+132+n.+40&rft.pub=Harvard+CMES&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-932885-30-2&rft.aulast=El-Cheikh&rft.aufirst=Nadia+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQC03pKNpfaoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarland1999" class="citation cs2">Garland, Lynda (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a5GFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73">"Irene (769–802)"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LyndaGarlandByzantineEmpressesWomenAndPowerInByzantiumAA.D.52712041999"><i>Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204</i></a>, Routledge, pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>94, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14688-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14688-3"><bdi>978-0-415-14688-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Irene+%28769%E2%80%93802%29&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Empresses%3A+Women+and+Power+in+Byzantium%2C+AD+527%E2%80%931204&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14688-3&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da5GFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaegi1981" class="citation book cs1">Kaegi, Walter E. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zuo8AAAAIAAJ"><i>Byzantine Military Unrest, 471–843: An Interpretation</i></a>. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-256-0902-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-256-0902-3"><bdi>90-256-0902-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Military+Unrest%2C+471%E2%80%93843%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Adolf+M.+Hakkert&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=90-256-0902-3&rft.aulast=Kaegi&rft.aufirst=Walter+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZuo8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaegi2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaegi, Walter E. (2008). "Confronting Islam (641–<i>c.</i> 850)". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.). <i>The Cambridge history of the Byzantine Empire (c. 500–1492)</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83231-1"><bdi>978-0-521-83231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Confronting+Islam+%28641%E2%80%93c.+850%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+the+Byzantine+Empire+%28c.+500%E2%80%931492%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83231-1&rft.aulast=Kaegi&rft.aufirst=Walter+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2011" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011). <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>, ed. by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Alexander Kazhdan</a>, Oxford University Press, 1991.</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Nicephorus" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nicephorus">Nicephorus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">647–</span>648.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicephorus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E647-%3C%2Fspan%3E648&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1991" class="citation book cs1">Norwich, John J. (1991). <i>Byzantium: The Apogee</i>. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53779-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53779-3"><bdi>0-394-53779-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%3A+The+Apogee&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-394-53779-3&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasiliev1964" class="citation book cs1">Vasiliev, A. A. (1964). <i>History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453, Volume 1</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">255–</span>256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+Empire%2C+324-1453%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E255-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Vasiliev&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikephoros+I" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Nikephoros I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Nikephorian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 8th century</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 26 July 811</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> </b><br />802–811 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stauracius" class="mw-redirect" title="Stauracius">Staurakios</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a> in 782,<br />then lapsed</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a> </b><br />803 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lapsed,<br /><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> in 814</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant423" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_emperors" title="Template talk:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperors</a> and empresses regnant</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–284</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_(Roman_emperor)" title="Philip II (Roman emperor)">Philip II</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Volusianus" title="Volusianus">Volusianus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Silbannacus" title="Silbannacus">Silbannacus</a></u> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Saloninus" title="Saloninus">Saloninus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a><br />284–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II" title="Severus II">Severus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinian_(emperor)" title="Martinian (emperor)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)" title="Constantine II (emperor)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans" title="Constans">Constans I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nepotianus" title="Nepotianus">Nepotianus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Procopius_(usurper)" title="Procopius (usurper)">Procopius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Victor_(emperor)" title="Victor (emperor)">Victor</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a></u></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–476</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius" title="Honorius">Honorius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)" title="Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)">Constantine III</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Priscus_Attalus" title="Priscus Attalus">Priscus Attalus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Joannes" title="Joannes">Joannes</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Petronius_Maximus" title="Petronius Maximus">Petronius Maximus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Avitus" title="Avitus">Avitus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Severus III</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus)">Marcus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice)">Theodosius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />641–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_Constantine" title="Heraclius Constantine">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclonas" title="Heraclonas">Heraclonas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/David_(son_of_Heraclius)" title="David (son of Heraclius)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius" title="Leontius">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_III" title="Tiberius III">Tiberius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus" title="Philippicus">Philippicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II_(emperor)" title="Anastasius II (emperor)">Anastasius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_III" title="Theodosius III">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)">Nikephoros</a></u></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar" title="Leo IV the Khazar">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I Rangabe</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)" title="Constantine (son of Leo V)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)" title="Constantine (son of Theophilos)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora (II)</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(daughter_of_Theophilos)" title="Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)">Thekla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Basil_I)" title="Constantine (son of Basil I)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VIII" title="Constantine VIII">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_III_Argyros" title="Romanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VI_Bringas" title="Michael VI Bringas">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Diogenes" title="Leo Diogenes">Leo</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Diogenes" title="Nikephoros Diogenes">Nikephoros</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII Doukas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)">Andronikos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantios_Doukas" title="Konstantios Doukas">Konstantios</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_Angelos" title="Alexios IV Angelos">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Laskaris_(son_of_Theodore_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Laskaris (son of Theodore I)">Nicholas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Vatatzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John III Vatatzes">John III Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos">Matthew</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos" title="John VII Palaiologos">John VII Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_V_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos">Andronikos V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic emperors</a> (260–274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs" title="List of Palmyrene monarchs">Palmyrene emperors</a> (267–273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Britannic emperors</a> (286–296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trapezuntine_emperors" title="List of Trapezuntine emperors">Trapezuntine emperors</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonian emperors</a> (1224–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurpers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208754#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1957" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208754#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1957" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208754#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078206835">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89202992">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/54958745">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/75151776826318012414">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/393159474047927660350">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1837965/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyt4fqYf3GH3JH4D669Xd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119465728">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr91010673">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144498923">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144498923">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=45771">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810556305105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/206842">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21181472">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119465728.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119465728">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&oldid=1266243801">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&oldid=1266243801</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:750_births" title="Category:750 births">750 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:811_deaths" title="Category:811 deaths">811 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_Byzantine_emperors" title="Category:9th-century Byzantine emperors">9th-century Byzantine emperors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_people_of_the_Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_Wars" title="Category:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars">Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_Byzantine_military_personnel" title="Category:8th-century Byzantine military personnel">8th-century Byzantine military personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_births" title="Category:8th-century births">8th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_emperors_killed_in_battle" title="Category:Roman emperors killed in battle">Roman emperors killed in battle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchs_killed_in_action" title="Category:Monarchs killed in action">Monarchs killed in action</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_monarchs" title="Category:Christian monarchs">Christian monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:800s_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:800s in the Byzantine Empire">800s in the Byzantine Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:810s_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:810s in the Byzantine Empire">810s in the Byzantine Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_people_of_Arab_descent" title="Category:Byzantine people of Arab descent">Byzantine people of Arab descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Category:Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Logothetai_tou_genikou" title="Category:Logothetai tou genikou">Logothetai tou genikou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_consuls" title="Category:Byzantine consuls">Byzantine consuls</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2020">Use dmy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 December 2024, at 19:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikephoros I</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>55 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-bfvtr","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.696","walltime":"0.872","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5878,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":95701,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5901,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":74811,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 766.637 1 -total"," 15.69% 120.298 13 Template:Cite_book"," 13.01% 99.755 3 Template:Langx"," 10.90% 83.526 1 Template:Nikephorian_dynasty"," 10.55% 80.900 1 Template:Sidebar"," 10.41% 79.831 28 Template:Sfn"," 9.93% 76.144 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 9.52% 72.974 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.25% 63.233 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.14% 47.090 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.450","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22965928,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlexander1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAuzépy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBekkumDrijversKlugkist2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiliarsky2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrubakerHaldon2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperDecker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Cheikh2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarland1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaegi1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaegi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikaberidze2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorwich1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSources_of_the_Armenian_Tradition2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasiliev1964\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Nikephoros 01\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Nikephorian dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 4,\n [\"Roman emperors\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 2,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-reg\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 28,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallcaps\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-cfm4r","timestamp":"20250219125340","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nikephoros I","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikephoros_I","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208754","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208754","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-20T15:39:32Z","dateModified":"2024-12-30T19:44:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/INC-1870-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_I_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._803%E2%80%94811_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png","headline":"Byzantine emperor"}</script> </body> </html>