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Tammany Hall – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&amp;returnto=Tammany+Hall" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&amp;returnto=Tammany+Hall" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tammany Hall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 27 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84" title="تاماني هول – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاماني هول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тамани Хол – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тамани Хол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88_%ED%99%80" title="태머니 홀 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태머니 홀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C" title="טמאני הול – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טמאני הול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ടമ്മനി സൊസൈറ്റി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടമ്മനി സൊസൈറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="タマニー・ホール – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タマニー・ホール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Таммани-холл – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таммани-холл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamani_Hol" title="Tamani Hol – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tamani Hol" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tammany Hall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="坦慕尼协会 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坦慕尼协会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q432139#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Tammany_Hall" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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decoding="async" width="237" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tweed-Boss-LOC.jpg/356px-Tweed-Boss-LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tweed-Boss-LOC.jpg/474px-Tweed-Boss-LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption>William M. Tweed, inaczej „Boss” Tweed</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tammany Hall</b>, to potoczna nazwa stowarzyszenia znanego jako <b>Society of St. Tammany</b>, <b>Sons of St. Tammany</b>, lub <b>Columbian Order</b>, które było polityczną organizacją, założoną w <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Jork" title="Nowy Jork">Nowym Jorku</a> w roku 1786 i zarejestrowaną 12 maja 1789 jako <b>Tammany Society</b>. Była to <i>maszyna polityczna</i> <a href="/wiki/Partia_Demokratyczna_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Partia Demokratyczna (Stany Zjednoczone)">Partii Demokratycznej</a>, która odgrywała kluczową rolę w kontrolowaniu działalności miejscowych polityków i wspomagała imigrantów, zwłaszcza z <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia">Irlandii</a>. W znaczącym stopniu oddziaływała na życie polityczne w <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Ameryce</a> od lat dziewięćdziesiątych XVIII do sześćdziesiątych XX wieku. Miała wpływ na nominacje kandydatów na urzędy z ramienia Partii Demokratycznej i sprawowała kontrolę na Manhattanie od zwycięstwa <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Fernando Wooda</a> w wyborach burmistrza w roku 1854, aż do wyboru <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_P._O%E2%80%99Brien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John P. O’Brien (strona nie istnieje)">Johna P. O’Briena</a> w 1932. Supremacja Tammany Hall uległa ostatecznie osłabieniu wraz z elekcją <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardii</a>, który został wybrany głosami Republikanów, reformistycznie nastawionych Demokratów i niezależnych w roku 1934 i – mimo chwilowego powrotu w latach pięćdziesiątych – przestała istnieć w sześćdziesiątych. </p><p>Tammany Society wzięła nazwę od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamanend&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamanend (strona nie istnieje)">Tamanenda</a>, wodza Indian z plemienia <a href="/wiki/Delawarowie" title="Delawarowie">Lenape</a>, a w połowie XIX wieku wyrosła na główną siłę polityczną Demokratów w mieście. „Hall” będący główną kwaterą Stowarzyszenia został zbudowany w latach trzydziestych XIX wieku przy East 14 Street. Od tego czasu Tammany Hall kontrolowało przebieg większości wyborów w mieście Nowy Jork. </p><p>Stowarzyszenie poszerzyło swoje wpływy polityczne jeszcze bardziej zyskując zaufanie wciąż rosnącej imigranckiej społeczności miasta, która stała się podstawą politycznego kapitału organizacji. Tammany Hall miało na usługach przywódców politycznych ward (<i>ward boss</i> lub <i>ward heeler</i>) – „wardy” były w latach 1686–1938 najmniejszymi politycznymi jednostkami w mieście – zabiegających o lokalnych wyborców i zwalczających opozycję. Począwszy od roku 1845 siła Tammany zaczęła gwałtownie rosnąć wraz z napływem do Nowego Jorku milionów irlandzkich immigrantów. Od roku 1872 Tammany miało „irlandzkiego bossa”, a w 1928 faworyzowany przez Tammany nowojorski gubernator <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> zdobył nominację Demokratów w wyborach prezydenckich. Z drugiej strony Stowarzyszenie posługiwało się często korupcją polityczną, szczególnie widoczną za czasów <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Tweed&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Tweed (strona nie istnieje)">Williama „Bossa” Tweeda</a> w połowie XIX wieku. </p><p>Tammany Hall straciło na znaczeniu w XX wieku; w 1932 roku burmistrz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Walker_(polityk)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimmy Walker (polityk) (strona nie istnieje)">Jimmy Walker</a> został usunięty z urzędu, a prezydent <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> pozbawił Tammany wpływu na politykę ogólnokrajową. Burmistrzem w roku 1934 został przeciwny Stowarzyszeniu Republikanin Fiorello La Guardia, który zasiadał na urzędzie przez trzy kolejne kadencje. Tammany odzyskało na krótko siły w latach pięćdziesiątych, ale spotkało się z opozycją w łonie Partii Demokratycznej, na czele której stali <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Herbert H. Lehman</a>, a także Nowojorski Komitet Wyborców Demokratycznych (NYCDV). W połowie lat sześćdziesiątych XX wieku Tammany Hall zaprzestała działalności. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammany_Hall&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammany_Hall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Edwin G. Burrows, Mike Wallace:&#32;<i>Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</i>.&#32;New York&#58;&#32;Oxford University Press,&#32;1999. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0195116348" title="Specjalna:Książki/0195116348">ISBN&#160;<span class="isbn">0-1951-1634-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gotham%3A+A+History+of+New+York+City+to+1898&amp;rft.au=Edwin+G.+Burrows%2C+Mike+Wallace&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.isbn=0-1951-1634-8"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-k"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a>&#160;(<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Organizacja" title="Organizacja">organizacja</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/310713808">310713808</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n2014061458">n2014061458</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4184394-0">4184394-0</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007282388905171">987007282388905171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammany-Hall">topic/Tammany-Hall</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/tammany-hall">tammany-hall</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&amp;url_prefix=https://snl.no/&amp;id=Tammany_Hall">Tammany_Hall</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0065115.xml">0065115</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&amp;url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&amp;id=Tammany_Hall">Tammany_Hall</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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