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Nadhirah Anuar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Nurul Nadhirah Anuar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nurul Nadhirah Anuar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Nurul Nadhirah Anuar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 55</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Nurul Nadhirah Anuar</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> A Conceptual Framework of Scheduled Waste Management in Highway Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Nadhirah%20Anuar">Nurul Nadhirah Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Fauzi%20Abdul%20Ghani"> Muhammad Fauzi Abdul Ghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scheduled waste management is very important in environmental and health aspects. In delivering services, highway industry has been indirectly involved in producing scheduled wastes. This paper aims to define the scheduled waste, to provide a conceptual framework of the scheduled waste management in highway industry, to highlight the effect of improper management of scheduled waste and to encourage future researchers to identify and share the present practice of scheduled waste management in their country. The understanding on effective management of scheduled waste will help the operators of highway industry, the academicians, future researchers, and encourage a friendly environment around the world. The study on scheduled waste management in highway industry is very crucial as highway transverse and run along kilometers crossing the various type of environment, residential and schools. Using Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations 2005 as a guide, this conceptual paper highlight several scheduled wastes produced by highway industry in Malaysia and provide a conceptual framework of scheduled waste management that focused on the highway industry. Understanding on scheduled waste management is vital in order to preserve the environment. Besides that, the waste substances are hazardous to human being. Many diseases have been associated with the improper management of schedule waste such as cancer, throat irritation and respiration problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asia%20Region" title="Asia Region">Asia Region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environment" title=" Environment"> Environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Highway%20Industry" title=" Highway Industry"> Highway Industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scheduled%20Waste." title=" Scheduled Waste."> Scheduled Waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/a-conceptual-framework-of-scheduled-waste-management-in-highway-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Flow and Heat Transfer over a Shrinking Sheet: A Stability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar%20Ishak">Anuar Ishak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer over a permeable shrinking sheet is studied. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using MATLAB routine boundary value problem solver bvp4c. Numerical results show that dual solutions are possible for a certain range of the suction parameter. A stability analysis is performed to determine which solution is linearly stable and physically realizable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual%20solutions" title="Dual solutions">Dual solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shrinking%20sheet" title=" shrinking sheet"> shrinking sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stability%20analysis." title=" stability analysis. "> stability analysis. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/flow-and-heat-transfer-over-a-shrinking-sheet-a-stability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2017</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Development Partitioning Intervalwise Block Method for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.H.Khairul%20Anuar">K.H.Khairul Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.I.Othman"> K.I.Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.Ishak"> F.Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.B.Ibrahim"> Z.B.Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.Majid"> Z.Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by using Partitioning Block Intervalwise (PBI) technique is our aim in this paper. The PBI technique is based on Block Adams Method and Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF). Block Adams Method only use the simple iteration for solving while BDF requires Newtonlike iteration involving Jacobian matrix of ODEs which consumes a considerable amount of computational effort. Therefore, PBI is developed in order to reduce the cost of iteration within acceptable maximum error <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adam%20Block%20Method" title="Adam Block Method">Adam Block Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BDF" title=" BDF"> BDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ordinary%20Differential%0AEquations" title=" Ordinary Differential Equations"> Ordinary Differential Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partitioning%20Block%20Intervalwise" title=" Partitioning Block Intervalwise"> Partitioning Block Intervalwise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/development-partitioning-intervalwise-block-method-for-solving-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Dual Solutions in Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow: A Stability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar%20Ishak">Anuar Ishak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The mixed convection stagnation point flow toward a vertical plate is investigated. The external flow impinges normal to the heated plate and the surface temperature is assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using MATLAB routine boundary value problem solver bvp4c. Numerical results show that dual solutions are possible for a certain range of the mixed convection parameter. A stability analysis is performed to determine which solution is linearly stable and physically realizable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual%20solutions" title="Dual solutions">Dual solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stability%20analysis." title=" stability analysis. "> stability analysis. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/dual-solutions-in-mixed-convection-boundary-layer-flow-a-stability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Molecular Characteristics of Phosphoric Acid Treated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amin%20Eisazadeh">Amin Eisazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairul%20Anuar%20Kassim"> Khairul Anuar Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadi%20Nur"> Hadi Nur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansive nature of soils containing high amounts of clay minerals can be altered through chemical stabilization, resulting in a material suitable for construction purposes. The primary objective of this investigation was to study the changes induced in the molecular structure of phosphoric acid stabilized bentonite and lateritic soil using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the obtained data, it was found that a surface alteration mechanism was the main reason responsible for the improvement of treated soils. Furthermore, the results indicated that the Al present in the octahedral layer of clay minerals were more amenable to chemical attacks and also partly responsible for the formation of new products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bentonite" title="Bentonite">Bentonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laterite%20clay" title=" Laterite clay"> Laterite clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molecularcharacterization" title=" Molecularcharacterization"> Molecularcharacterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phosphoric%20acid" title=" Phosphoric acid"> Phosphoric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stabilization" title=" Stabilization"> Stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/molecular-characteristics-of-phosphoric-acid-treated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Pentachlorophenol Removal via Adsorption and Biodegradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rakmi%20Abd.-Rahman">Rakmi Abd.-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurina%20Anuar"> Nurina Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Removal of PCP by a system combining biodegradation by biofilm and adsorption was investigated here. Three studies were conducted employing batch tests, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and continuous biofilm activated carbon column reactor (BACCOR). The combination of biofilm-GAC batch process removed about 30% more PCP than GAC adsorption alone. For the SBR processes, both the suspended and attached biomass could remove more than 90% of the PCP after acclimatisation. BACCOR was able to remove more than 98% of PCP-Na at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L, at empty bed contact time (EBCT) ranging from 0.75 to 4 hours. Pure and mixed cultures from BACCOR were tested for use of PCP as sole carbon and energy source under aerobic conditions. The isolates were able to degrade up to 42% of PCP under aerobic conditions in pure cultures. However, mixed cultures were found able to degrade more than 99% PCP indicating interdependence of species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isolated%20bacteria" title=" isolated bacteria"> isolated bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pentachlorophenol." title=" pentachlorophenol."> pentachlorophenol.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/pentachlorophenol-removal-via-adsorption-and-biodegradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1845</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow over a Stretching Sheet in a Micropolar Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roslinda%20Nazar">Roslinda Nazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar%20Ishak"> Anuar Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ioan%20Pop"> Ioan Pop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unsteady boundary layer flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid over a stretching sheet when the sheet is stretched in its own plane is studied in this paper. The stretching velocity is assumed to vary linearly with the distance along the sheet. Two equal and opposite forces are impulsively applied along the x-axis so that the sheet is stretched, keeping the origin fixed in a micropolar fluid. The transformed unsteady boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the Keller-box method for the whole transient from the initial state to final steady-state flow. Numerical results are obtained for the velocity and microrotation distributions as well as the skin friction coefficient for various values of the material parameter K. It is found that there is a smooth transition from the small-time solution to the large-time solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boundary%20layer" title="Boundary layer">Boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=micropolar%20fluid" title=" micropolar fluid"> micropolar fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stretching%20surface" title=" stretching surface"> stretching surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unsteady%20flow." title="unsteady flow.">unsteady flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/unsteady-boundary-layer-flow-over-a-stretching-sheet-in-a-micropolar-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Effects of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Durian Skin Fibre Filled Polypropylene Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hazleen%20Anuar">Hazleen Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Aimi%20Mohd%20Nasir"> Nur Aimi Mohd Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yousuf%20El-Shekeil"> Yousuf El-Shekeil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Durian skin is a newly explores natural fibre potentially reinforced polyolefin for diverse applications. In this work, investigation on the effect of coupling agent, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with durian skin fibre (DSF) was conducted. The presence of 30 wt% DSF significantly reduced the tensile strength of PP-DSF composite. Interestingly, even though the same trend goes to PP-DSF with the presence of MAPP, the reduction is only about 4% relative to unreinforced PP and 18% higher than PP-DSF without MAPP (untreated composite or UTC). The used of MAPP in treated composite (TC) also increased the tensile modulus, flexural properties and degradation temperature. The enhanced mechanical properties are consistent with good interfacial interaction as evidenced under scanning electron microscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Durian%20skin%20fiber" title="Durian skin fiber">Durian skin fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coupling%20agent" title=" coupling agent"> coupling agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%0D%0Aproperties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermogravimetry%20analysis." title=" thermogravimetry analysis."> thermogravimetry analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/effects-of-coupling-agent-on-the-properties-of-durian-skin-fibre-filled-polypropylene-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Valuation on MEMS Pressure Sensors and Device Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ong%20Kai%20Sheng"> Ong Kai Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MEMS pressure sensor has been introduced and presented in this paper. The types of pressure sensor and its theory of operation are also included. The latest MEMS technology, the fabrication processes of pressure sensor are explored and discussed. Besides, various device applications of pressure sensor such as tire pressure-monitoring system, diesel particulate filter and others are explained. Due to further miniaturization of the device nowadays, the pressure sensor with nanotechnology (NEMS) is also reviewed. The NEMS pressure sensor is expected to have better performance as well as lower in its cost. It has gained an excellent popularity in many applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pressure%20sensor" title="Pressure sensor">Pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diaphragm" title=" diaphragm"> diaphragm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=automotive%0D%0Aapplication" title=" automotive application"> automotive application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biomedical%20application" title=" biomedical application"> biomedical application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NEMS." title=" NEMS."> NEMS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/valuation-on-mems-pressure-sensors-and-device-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5689</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Identification of Healthy and BSR-Infected Oil Palm Trees Using Color Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Khairunniza-Bejo">Siti Khairunniza-Bejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusnida%20Yusoff"> Yusnida Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Salwani%20Nik%20Yusoff"> Nik Salwani Nik Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Idris%20Abu%20Seman"> Idris Abu Seman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Izzuddin%20Anuar"> Mohamad Izzuddin Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the oil palm plantations have been threatened by Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease which causes serious economic impact. This study was conducted to identify the healthy and BSRinfected oil palm tree using thirteen color indices. Multispectral and thermal camera was used to capture 216 images of the leaves taken from frond number 1, 9 and 17. Indices of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), red (R), green (G), blue (B), near infrared (NIR), green – blue (GB), green/blue (G/B), green – red (GR), green/red (G/R), hue (H), saturation (S), intensity (I) and thermal index (T) were used. From this study, it can be concluded that G index taken from frond number 9 is the best index to differentiate between the healthy and BSR-infected oil palm trees. It not only gave high value of correlation coefficient (R=-0.962), but also high value of separation between healthy and BSR-infected oil palm tree. Furthermore, power and S model developed using G index gave the highest R2 value which is 0.985. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oil%20palm" title="Oil palm">Oil palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=disease" title=" disease"> disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leaves." title=" leaves."> leaves.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/identification-of-healthy-and-bsr-infected-oil-palm-trees-using-color-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2960</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Development of a GPS Buoy for Ocean Surface Monitoring: Initial Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar%20Mohd%20Salleh">Anuar Mohd Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Effendi%20Daud"> Mohd Effendi Daud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a kinematic positioning approach that uses a global positioning system (GPS) buoy for precise ocean surface monitoring. The GPS buoy data from the two experiments are processed using an accurate, medium-range differential kinematic technique. In each case, the data from a nearby coastal site are collected at a high rate (1 Hz) for more than 24 hours, and measurements are conducted in neighboring tidal stations to verify the estimated sea surface heights. The GPS buoy kinematic coordinates are estimated using epoch-wise pre-elimination and a backward substitution algorithm. Test results show that centimeterlevel accuracy can be successfully achieved in determining sea surface height using the proposed technique. The centimeter-level agreement between the two methods also suggests the possibility of using this inexpensive and more flexible GPS buoy equipment to enhance (or even replace) current tidal gauge stations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Global%20positioning%20system" title="Global positioning system">Global positioning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinematic%20GPS" title=" kinematic GPS"> kinematic GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sea%0D%0Asurface%20height" title=" sea surface height"> sea surface height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GPS%20buoy" title=" GPS buoy"> GPS buoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tide%20gauge." title=" tide gauge."> tide gauge.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/development-of-a-gps-buoy-for-ocean-surface-monitoring-initial-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Preparing Project Managers to Achieve Project Success - Human Management Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Muneera">E. Muneera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Anuar"> A. Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Zulkiflee"> A. S. Zulkiflee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution in project management was triggered by the changes in management philosophy and practices in order to maintain competitive advantage and continuous success in the field. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the practicality of cognitive style and unlearning approach in influencing the achievement of project success by project managers. It introduces the concept of planning, knowing and creating style from cognitive style field in the light of achieving time, cost, quality and stakeholders appreciation in project success context. Further it takes up a discussion of the unlearning approach as a moderator in enhancing the relationship between cognitive style and project success. The paper bases itself on literature review from established disciplines like psychology, sociology and philosophy regarding cognitive style, unlearning and project success in general. The analysis and synthesis of literature in the subject area a conceptual paper is utilized as the basis of future research to form a comprehensive framework for project managers in enhancing the project management competency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20Style" title="Cognitive Style">Cognitive Style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Project%20Managers" title=" Project Managers"> Project Managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Project%20Success" title=" Project Success"> Project Success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unlearning." title=" Unlearning."> Unlearning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/preparing-project-managers-to-achieve-project-success-human-management-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Modeling of Single Bay Precast Residential House Using Ruaumoko 2D Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20H.%20Hamid">N. H. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20M.%20Mohamed"> N. M. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Anuar"> S. A. Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Precast residential houses are normally constructed in Malaysia using precast shear-key wall panel and this panel is designed using BS8110 where there is no provision for earthquake. However, the safety of this house under moderate and strong earthquake is still questionable. Consequently, the full-scale of residential house are designed, constructed, tested and analyzed under in-plane lateral quasi-static cyclic loading. Hysteresis loops are plotted based on the experimental work and compared with modeling of hysteresis loops using HYSTERES in RUAUMOKO 2D program. Modified Takeda hysteresis model is chosen to behave a similar pattern with experimental work. This program will display the earthquake excitations, spectral displacements, pseudo spectral acceleration, mode shape and deformation of the structure. It can be concluded that this building is suffering severe cracks and damage under moderate and severe earthquake.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deformation%20shape" title="Deformation shape">Deformation shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hysteresis%20loops" title=" hysteresis loops"> hysteresis loops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=precast%20shear-key" title=" precast shear-key"> precast shear-key</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20displacement." title=" spectral displacement. "> spectral displacement. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/modeling-of-single-bay-precast-residential-house-using-ruaumoko-2d-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2063</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Moving towards Positive Security Model for Web Application Firewall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asrul%20H.%20Yaacob">Asrul H. Yaacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazrul%20M.%20Ahmad"> Nazrul M. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20N.%20Ahmad"> Nurul N. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mardeni%20Roslee"> Mardeni Roslee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The proliferation of web application and the pervasiveness of mobile technology make web-based attacks even more attractive and even easier to launch. Web Application Firewall (WAF) is an intermediate tool between web server and users that provides comprehensive protection for web application. WAF is a negative security model where the detection and prevention mechanisms are based on predefined or user-defined attack signatures and patterns. However, WAF alone is not adequate to offer best defensive system against web vulnerabilities that are increasing in number and complexity daily. This paper presents a methodology to automatically design a positive security based model which identifies and allows only legitimate web queries. The paper shows a true positive rate of more than 90% can be achieved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intrusion%20Detection%20System" title="Intrusion Detection System">Intrusion Detection System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Positive%20Security%20Model" title=" Positive Security Model"> Positive Security Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Web%20application%20Firewall" title=" Web application Firewall"> Web application Firewall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/moving-towards-positive-security-model-for-web-application-firewall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2736</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Effect of Needle Diameter on the Morphological Structure of Electrospun n-Bi2O3/Epoxy-PVA Nanofiber Mats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bassam%20M.%20Abunahel">Bassam M. Abunahel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20Noor%20Azman"> Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Munirah%20Jamil"> Munirah Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The effect of needle diameter on the morphological structure of electrospun n-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/epoxy-PVA nanofibers has been investigated using three different types of needle diameters. The results were observed and investigated using two techniques of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The first technique is backscattered SEM while the second is secondary electron SEM. The results demonstrate that there is a correlation between the needle diameter and the morphology of electrospun nanofibers. As the internal needle diameter decreases, the average nanofiber diameter decreases and the fibers get thinner and smoother without agglomeration or beads formation. Moreover, with small needle diameter the nanofibrous porosity get larger compared with large needle diameter.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Needle%20diameter" title="Needle diameter">Needle diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fiber%20diameter" title=" fiber diameter"> fiber diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=agglomeration" title=" agglomeration"> agglomeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM." title=" SEM. "> SEM. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/effect-of-needle-diameter-on-the-morphological-structure-of-electrospun-n-bi2o3epoxy-pva-nanofiber-mats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1015</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> An Evaluation on Fixed Wing and Multi-Rotor UAV Images Using Photogrammetric Image Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairul%20Nizam%20Tahar">Khairul Nizam Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar%20Ahmad"> Anuar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper has introduced a slope photogrammetric mapping using unmanned aerial vehicle. There are two units of UAV has been used in this study; namely; fixed wing and multi-rotor. Both UAVs were used to capture images at the study area. A consumer digital camera was mounted vertically at the bottom of UAV and captured the images at an altitude. The objectives of this study are to obtain three dimensional coordinates of slope area and to determine the accuracy of photogrammetric product produced from both UAVs. Several control points and checkpoints were established Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) in the study area. All acquired images from both UAVs went through all photogrammetric processes such as interior orientation, exterior orientation, aerial triangulation and bundle adjustment using photogrammetric software. Two primary results were produced in this study; namely; digital elevation model and digital orthophoto. Based on results, UAV system can be used to mapping slope area especially for limited budget and time constraints project.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slope%20mapping" title="Slope mapping">Slope mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D" title=" 3D"> 3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photogrammetry" title=" Photogrammetry"> Photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20processing." title=" image processing."> image processing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/an-evaluation-on-fixed-wing-and-multi-rotor-uav-images-using-photogrammetric-image-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6087</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Agrowaste: Phytosterol from Durian Seed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Mohd%20Nazrul%20Hisham">D. Mohd Nazrul Hisham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Mohd%20Lip"> J. Mohd Lip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Suri"> R. Suri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Mohamed%20Shafit"> H. Mohamed Shafit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.Kharis"> Z.Kharis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Shazlin"> K. Shazlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Normah"> A. Normah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Nurul%20Nabilah"> M.F. Nurul Nabilah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Presence of phytosterol compound in Durian seed (Durio zibethinus) or known as King of fruits has been discovered from screening work using reagent test. Further analysis work has been carried out using mass spectrometer in order to support the priliminary finding. Isolation and purification of the major phytosterol has been carried out using an open column chromatography. The separation was monitored using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major isolated compounds and purified phytosterol were identified using mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This novel finding could promote utilization of durian seeds as a functional ingredient in food products through production of standardized extract based on phytosterol content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agrowaste" title="Agrowaste">Agrowaste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=durian" title=" durian"> durian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=seed" title=" seed"> seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phytosterol" title=" phytosterol"> phytosterol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/agrowaste-phytosterol-from-durian-seed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Comparison of Double Unit Tunnel Form Building before and after Repair and Retrofit under in-Plane Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Anuar">S. A. Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20H.%20Hamid"> N. H. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hashim"> M. H. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20M.%20D.%20Salleh"> S. M. D. Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper present the experimental work of double unit tunnel form building (TFB) subjected to in-plane lateral cyclic loading. A one third scale of 3-storey double unit of TFB is tested until its strength degradation. Then, the TFB is repaired and retrofitted using additional shear wall, steel angle and CFRP sheet. The crack patterns, lateral strength, stiffness, ductility and equivalent viscous damping (EVD) were analyzed and compared before and after repair and retrofit. The result indicates that the lateral strength increases by 22% in pushing and 27% in pulling direction. Moreover, the stiffness and ductility obtained before and after retrofit increase tremendously by 87.87% and 39.66%, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy absorption measured by equivalent viscous damping obtained after retrofit increase by 12.34% in pulling direction. It can be concluded that the proposed retrofit method is capable to increase the lateral strength capacity, stiffness and energy absorption of double unit TFB.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Crack%20pattern" title="Crack pattern">Crack pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equivalent%20viscous%0D%0Adamping." title=" equivalent viscous damping."> equivalent viscous damping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/comparison-of-double-unit-tunnel-form-building-before-and-after-repair-and-retrofit-under-in-plane-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> The Significant Effect of Wudu’ and Zikr in the Controlling of Emotional Pressure Using Biofeedback Emwave Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Anuar%20Awang%20Idris">Mohd Anuar Awang Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nubli%20Abdul%20Wahab"> Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nora%20Yusma%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Wudu’ (Ablution) and Zikr are amongst some of the spiritual tools which may help an individual control his mind, emotion and attitude. These tools are deemed to be able to deliver a positive impact on an individual’s psychophysiology. The main objective of this research is to determine the effects of Wudu’ (Ablution) and Zikr therapy using the biofeedback emWave application and technology. For this research, 13 students were selected as samples from the students’ representative body at the University Tenaga National, Malaysia. The DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire was used to help with the assessment and measurement of each student’s ability in controlling his or her emotions before and after the therapies. The biofeedback emWave technology was utilized to monitor the student’s psychophysiology level. In addition, the data obtained from the Heart rate variability (HRV) test have also been used to affirm that Wudu’ and Zikr had had significant impacts on the student’s success in controlling his or her emotional pressure.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biofeedback%20emWave" title="Biofeedback emWave">Biofeedback emWave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=psychophysiology" title=" psychophysiology"> psychophysiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wudu%E2%80%99" title=" wudu’"> wudu’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zikr." title=" zikr. "> zikr. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/the-significant-effect-of-wudu-and-zikr-in-the-controlling-of-emotional-pressure-using-biofeedback-emwave-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> A Compilation of Nanotechnology in Thin Film Solar Cell Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Hasniza%20Nik%20Aman"> Nik Hasniza Nik Aman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanotechnology has become the world attention in various applications including the solar cells devices due to the uniqueness and benefits of achieving low cost and better performances of devices. Recently, thin film solar cells such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Copper-Indium-Gallium-diSelenide (CIGS), Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulphide (CZTS), and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) enhanced by nanotechnology have attracted much attention. Thus, a compilation of nanotechnology devices giving the progress in the solar cells has been presented. It is much related to nanoparticles or nanocrystallines, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires or nanorods structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanowires" title=" nanowires"> nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%0D%0Ananotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanorods" title=" nanorods"> nanorods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film%20solar%20cells." title=" thin film solar cells."> thin film solar cells.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/a-compilation-of-nanotechnology-in-thin-film-solar-cell-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Stepwise Refinement in Executable-UML for Embedded System Design: A Preliminary Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Azma%20Zakaria">Nurul Azma Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masahiro%20Kimura"> Masahiro Kimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noriko%20Matsumoto"> Noriko Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norihiko%20Yoshida"> Norihiko Yoshida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The fast growth in complexity coupled with requests for shorter development periods for embedded systems are bringing demands towards a more effective, i.e. higher-abstract, design process for hardaware/software integrated design. In Software Engineering area, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and Executable UML (xUML) has been accepted to bring further improvement in software design. This paper constructs MDA and xUML stepwise transformations from an abstract specification model to a more concrete implementation model using the refactoring technique for hardaware/software integrated design. This approach provides clear and structured models which enables quick exploration and synthesis, and early stage verification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hardware%2Fsoftware%20integrated%20design" title="Hardware/software integrated design">Hardware/software integrated design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=model%20driven%20architecture" title=" model driven architecture"> model driven architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=executable%20UML" title=" executable UML"> executable UML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refactoring." title=" refactoring."> refactoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/stepwise-refinement-in-executable-uml-for-embedded-system-design-a-preliminary-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Degradability Studies of Photodegradable Plastic Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul">Nurul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.M.Y."> A.M.Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rahmah"> Rahmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M."> M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad"> Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A."> A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Polypropylene blended with natural oil and pigment additives has been studied. Different formulations for each compound were made into polybag used for cultivation of oil palm seedlings for strength and mechanical properties studies. One group of sample was exposed under normal sunlight to initiate degradation and another group of sample was placed under shaded area for five months. All samples were tested for tensile strength to determine the degradation effects. The tensile strength of directly exposed sunlight samples and shaded area showed up to 50% and 25% degradation respectively. However, similar reduction of Young’s modulus for all samples was found for both exposures. Structural investigations were done using FTIR to detect deformation. The natural additives that were used in the studies were all natural and environmental friendly</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photodegradable%0D%0Apolymer." title=" photodegradable polymer."> photodegradable polymer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/degradability-studies-of-photodegradable-plastic-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibrations from High-Speed Digital Images Based On Dynamic Time Warping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20I.%20A.%20Rahman">A. I. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sh-Hussain%20Salleh"> Sh-Hussain Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ahmad"> K. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Anuar"> K. Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Analysis of vocal fold vibration is essential for understanding the mechanism of voice production and for improving clinical assessment of voice disorders. This paper presents a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) based approach to analyze and objectively classify vocal fold vibration patterns. The proposed technique was designed and implemented on a Glottal Area Waveform (GAW) extracted from high-speed laryngeal images by delineating the glottal edges for each image frame. Feature extraction from the GAW was performed using Linear Predictive Coding (LPC). Several types of voice reference templates from simulations of clear, breathy, fry, pressed and hyperfunctional voice productions were used. The patterns of the reference templates were first verified using the analytical signal generated through Hilbert transformation of the GAW. Samples from normal speakers’ voice recordings were then used to evaluate and test the effectiveness of this approach. The classification of the voice patterns using the technique of LPC and DTW gave the accuracy of 81%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamic%20Time%20Warping" title="Dynamic Time Warping">Dynamic Time Warping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glottal%20Area%20Waveform" title=" Glottal Area Waveform"> Glottal Area Waveform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Linear%20Predictive%20Coding" title=" Linear Predictive Coding"> Linear Predictive Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High-Speed%20Laryngeal%20Images" title=" High-Speed Laryngeal Images"> High-Speed Laryngeal Images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hilbert%20Transform." title=" Hilbert Transform."> Hilbert Transform.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/analysis-of-vocal-fold-vibrations-from-high-speed-digital-images-based-on-dynamic-time-warping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Main Elements of Soft Cost in Green Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20M.A.">Nurul Zahirah M.A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Zainul%20Abidin"> N. Zainul Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green buildings have been commonly cited to be more expensive than conventional buildings. However, limited research has been conducted to clearly identify elements that contribute to this cost differential. The construction cost of buildings can be typically divided into “hard" costs and “soft" cost elements. Using a review analysis of existing literature, the study identified six main elements in green buildings that contribute to the general cost elements that are “soft" in nature. The six elements found are insurance, developer-s experience, design cost, certification, commissioning and energy modeling. Out of the six elements, most literatures have highlighted the increase in design cost for green design as compared to conventional design due to additional architectural and engineering costs, eco-charettes, extra design time, and the further need for a green consultant. The study concluded that these elements of soft cost contribute to the green premium or cost differential of green buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20building" title="Green building">Green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cost%20differential" title=" cost differential"> cost differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20cost" title=" soft cost"> soft cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intangible%0Acost." title=" intangible cost."> intangible cost.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/main-elements-of-soft-cost-in-green-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2778</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Fuzzy Logic and Control Strategies on a Sump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasser%20Mohamed%20Ramli">Nasser Mohamed Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Izzati%20Zulkifli"> Nurul Izzati Zulkifli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sump can be defined as a reservoir which contains slurry; a mixture of solid and liquid or water, in it. Sump system is an unsteady process owing to the level response. Sump level shall be monitored carefully by using a good controller to avoid overflow. The current conventional controllers would not be able to solve problems with large time delay and nonlinearities, Fuzzy Logic controller is tested to prove its ability in solving the listed problems of slurry sump. Therefore, in order to justify the effectiveness and reliability of these controllers, simulation of the sump system was created by using MATLAB and the results were compared. According to the result obtained, instead of Proportional-Integral (PI) and Proportional-Integral and Derivative (PID), Fuzzy Logic controller showed the best result by offering quick response of 0.32 s for step input and 5 s for pulse generator, by producing small Integral Absolute Error (IAE) values that are 0.66 and 0.36 respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy" title="Fuzzy">Fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sump" title=" sump"> sump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=level" title=" level"> level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=controller." title=" controller."> controller.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/fuzzy-logic-and-control-strategies-on-a-sump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">782</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Lead Adsorption on Activated Carbon Derived from Mangrove Propagule Waste by Phosphoric Acid Activation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Widi%20Astuti">Widi Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rizki%20Agus%20Hermawan"> Rizki Agus Hermawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hariono%20Mukti"> Hariono Mukti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Retno%20Sugiyono"> Nurul Retno Sugiyono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The removal of lead ion (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) from aqueous solution by activated carbon with phosphoric acid activation employing mangrove propagule as precursor was investigated in a batch adsorption system. Batch studies were carried out to address various experimental parameters including pH and contact time. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe the adsorption equilibrium, while the pseudo first order and pseudo second order models were used to describe kinetic process of Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption. The results show that the adsorption data are seen in accordance with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activated%20carbon" title="Activated carbon">Activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pb2%2B" title=" Pb2+"> Pb2+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mangrove%20propagule." title=" mangrove propagule."> mangrove propagule.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/equilibrium-and-kinetic-studies-of-lead-adsorption-on-activated-carbon-derived-from-mangrove-propagule-waste-by-phosphoric-acid-activation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">741</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A Survey on the Requirements of University Course Timetabling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Liyana%20Abdul%20Aziz">Nurul Liyana Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Aidya%20Hanum%20Aizam"> Nur Aidya Hanum Aizam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Course timetabling problems occur every semester in a university which includes the allocation of resources (subjects, lecturers and students) to a number of fixed rooms and timeslots. The assignment is carried out in a way such that there are no conflicts within rooms, students and lecturers, as well as fulfilling a range of constraints. The constraints consist of rules and policies set up by the universities as well as lecturers’ and students’ preferences of courses to be allocated in specific timeslots. This paper specifically focuses on the preferences of the course timetabling problem in one of the public universities in Malaysia. The demands will be considered into our existing mathematical model to make it more generalized and can be used widely. We have distributed questionnaires to a number of lecturers and students of the university to investigate their demands and preferences for their desired course timetable. We classify the preferences thus converting them to construct one mathematical model that can produce such timetable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=University%20course%20timetabling%20problem" title="University course timetabling problem">University course timetabling problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integer%20programming" title=" integer programming"> integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=preferences" title=" preferences"> preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=constraints." title=" constraints."> constraints.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/a-survey-on-the-requirements-of-university-course-timetabling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1831</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Production and Extraction of Quercetin and (+)-Catechin from Phyllanthus niruri Callus Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuar">Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N."> N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Markom"> Markom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M."> M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairedin"> Khairedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S."> S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Johari"> Johari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20A."> N. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Quercetin and (+)-catechin are metabolites present in Phyllanthus niruri plant, have potential in medicinal uses as anticancer and antioxidant agents. Studies on production of quercetin and (+)-catechin from P. niruri callus culture via <em>in vitro</em> technique were carried out and the results were compared to the intact plant. P. niruri explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solidified media supplemented with several phytohormone combinations for one month. The metabolites were extracted from P. niruri callus and intact plant by using carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with ethanol as modifier and solvent extraction techniques. The extracts were analyzed by means of HPLC method. Results showed that P. niruri callus culture was successfully established. The highest content of quercetin (1.72%) was found from P. niruri callus grown in media supplemented with 0.8mg/L kinetin and 0.2mg/L 2,4-dicholophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which was 1.2 fold higher than intact plant. Meanwhile, the highest amounts of (+)-catechin (0.63%) was found from P. niruri callus grown in media with addition of 0.2mg/L 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.8mg/L 2,4-D. The SFE condition in this study showed better extraction efficiency when higher contents of selected metabolites were found in all SFE extracts compared to the common solvent extracts.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Callus%20culture" title="Callus culture">Callus culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phyllanthus%20niruri" title=" Phyllanthus niruri"> Phyllanthus niruri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=secondary%20metabolite" title=" secondary metabolite"> secondary metabolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supercritical%20fluid%20extraction." title=" supercritical fluid extraction."> supercritical fluid extraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/production-and-extraction-of-quercetin-and-catechin-from-phyllanthus-niruri-callus-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3922</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Influence of Socio-Economic Backgrounds towards Satisfaction with Student Housing Facilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20%E2%80%98Ulyani%20Mohd%20Najib">Nurul ‘Ulyani Mohd Najib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%E2%80%99%20Aini%20Yusof"> Nor’ Aini Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zulkifli%20Osman"> Zulkifli Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on residential satisfaction have been actively discussed under family house setting. However, limited studies have been conducted on student residential satisfaction. This study is an attempt to fill the research gap. It focuses on the influence of socioeconomic on students- satisfaction with the universities- student housing facilities. The students who stayed at the on-campus student housing were the respondents. This study employed two-stage cluster sampling method in classifying the respondents. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed face-to-face to the students. In general, it is confirmed that students- socio-economic backgrounds have influence on the students- satisfaction with their housing facilities. The main influential factors were the students- economic status, sense of sharing, and ethnicity of their roommates. Furthermore, this study could also provide a useful feedback for the universities in order to improve their student housing facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Socio-economic" title=" Socio-economic"> Socio-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Student%20housing" title=" Student housing"> Student housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Student%0D%0Aresidential%20satisfaction" title=" Student residential satisfaction"> Student residential satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/the-influence-of-socio-economic-backgrounds-towards-satisfaction-with-student-housing-facilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Employee Engagement among Generation Y</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20D.%20Mansor">Z. D. Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20P.%20Mun"> C. P. Mun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20S.%20Nurul%20Farhana"> B. S. Nurul Farhana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Aisyah%20Nasuha%20Wan%20Mohamed%20Tarmizi"> Wan Aisyah Nasuha Wan Mohamed Tarmizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to determine the influence of transformation leadership style on employee engagement among Generation Y. The growing of Generation Y employees in Malaysia has raised concerns about how to engage and motivate this cohort. Transformation Leadership style is one of the key factors to increase employee engagement levels in the organization. This study has proven to be important for the researchers and the organization to properly understand the concept of employee engagement, transformation leadership style and their relationship. The samples in this study included 221 respondents of Generation Y who are currently working in Selangor and Klang Valley area in Malaysia. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results show that there is a significant relationship between the dimension of intellectual stimulation, inspiration motivation and individual consideration on employee engagement. In contrast, the results have revealed that there is no significant relationship between idealized influences of a leader on employee engagement among Generation Y. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Employee%20engagement" title="Employee engagement">Employee engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gen%20Y" title=" gen Y"> gen Y</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transformational%20leadership%20styles" title=" transformational leadership styles"> transformational leadership styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=survey." title=" survey."> survey.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006230/influence-of-transformation-leadership-style-on-employee-engagement-among-generation-y" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006230/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a 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