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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breve_invertido" title="Breve invertido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Breve invertido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="بریو وارونه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریو وارونه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A8ve_invers%C3%A9e" title="Brève inversée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brève inversée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breve_inversa" title="Breve inversa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Breve inversa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breve_inverso" title="Breve inverso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Breve inverso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%92%E7%BD%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7" title="倒置ブレーヴェ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="倒置ブレーヴェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braquia_invertida" title="Braquia invertida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Braquia invertida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Перевёрнутая кратка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перевёрнутая кратка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%9F%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" title="反短音符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反短音符" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%86&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȇ">Ȇ</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Diacritical mark, ◌̑</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ebebeb; font-size:750%; line-height:1.2; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;">◌̑</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-size:125%; background:#ebebeb; font-weight:bold; padding:0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">Inverted breve</div></th></tr><tr style="float:left;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0311</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̑</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING INVERTED BREVE</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Inverted breve</b> or <b>arch</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritical</a> mark, shaped like the top half of a circle ( ̑ ), that is, like an upside-down <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a> (˘). It looks similar to the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> (ˆ), which has a sharp tip (<i>Â â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û</i>), while the inverted breve is rounded: (<i>Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ</i>). </p><p>Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The R̆ is used in Iñupiaq (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but as a phonetic indicator. It is identical in form to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics#Accents" title="Greek diacritics">Ancient Greek circumflex</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Serbo-Croatian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inverted breve above is used in traditional <a href="/wiki/Slavic_studies" title="Slavic studies">Slavicist</a> notation of <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable nucleus">syllable nucleus</a>, which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ. This use of the inverted breve is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> circumflex, which was preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">polytonic orthography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> and influenced<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How influenced? Was it actually used? How was it used? (January 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> early Serbian <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> to mark <a href="/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)" title="Prosody (linguistics)">prosody</a> in the systematic study of the <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> linguistic continuum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International Phonetic Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, an inverted breve below is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">semivowel</a>. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j,<span class="nowrap"> </span>w,<span class="nowrap"> </span>ɥ,<span class="nowrap"> </span>ɰ]</span> the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i,<span class="nowrap"> </span>u,<span class="nowrap"> </span>y,<span class="nowrap"> </span>ɯ]</span>, respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ̯,<span class="nowrap"> </span>ʊ̯,<span class="nowrap"> </span>ʏ̯]</span>. </p><p>The same diacritic is placed under <a href="/wiki/Iota" title="Iota">iota</a> (ι̯) to represent the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> semivowel <span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*y</span></span> as it relates to Greek grammar; <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a> with an inverted breve (υ̯) is used alongside <a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">digamma</a> (ϝ) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*w</span></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inverted breve characters are supported in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> and <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code (decimal <a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric character reference</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Letter</th> <th>Unicode</th> <th>HTML </th></tr> <tr> <td>Combining Inverted Breve</td> <td>◌̑</td> <td>U+0311</td> <td>&#785; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Combining Inverted Breve Below</td> <td>◌̯</td> <td>U+032F</td> <td>&#815; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Combining Double Inverted Breve</td> <td>◌͡◌</td> <td>U+0361</td> <td>&#865; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Combining Double Inverted Breve Below</td> <td>◌᷼◌</td> <td>U+1DFC</td> <td>&#7676; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Modifier Breve With Inverted Breve</td> <td>꭛</td> <td>U+AB5B</td> <td>&#43867; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter A With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȃ">Ȃ</a></td> <td>U+0202</td> <td>&#514; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter A With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȃ</td> <td>U+0203</td> <td>&#515; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter E With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȇ">Ȇ</a></td> <td>U+0206</td> <td>&#518; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter E With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȇ</td> <td>U+0207</td> <td>&#519; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter I With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%8A" title="Ȋ">Ȋ</a></td> <td>U+020A</td> <td>&#522; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter I With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȋ</td> <td>U+020B</td> <td>&#523; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter O With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȏ">Ȏ</a></td> <td>U+020E</td> <td>&#526; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter O With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȏ</td> <td>U+020F</td> <td>&#527; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter R With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%92" title="Ȓ">Ȓ</a></td> <td>U+0212</td> <td>&#530; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter R With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȓ</td> <td>U+0213</td> <td>&#531; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Capital Letter U With Inverted Breve</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȗ">Ȗ</a></td> <td>U+0216</td> <td>&#534; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin Small Letter U With Inverted Breve</td> <td>ȗ</td> <td>U+0217</td> <td>&#535; </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> the control <code>\textroundcap{o}</code> with <code>\usepackage{tipa}</code> puts an inverted breve over the letter o.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">Tie (typography)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Weir_Smyth" title="Herbert Weir Smyth">Herbert Weir Smyth</a>. <i>Greek Grammar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/smyth_1a_uni.htm#20">par. 20 a</a>: semivowels.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LaTeX+for+Classical+Philologists+and+Indo-Europeanists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christopherculver.com%2Fen%2Fcomputing%2Flatex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverted+breve" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverted_breve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_diacritical_marks" title="Template:Navbox diacritical marks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_diacritical_marks" title="Template talk:Navbox diacritical marks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_diacritical_marks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox diacritical marks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diacritics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌́ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̋ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_acute_accent" title="Double acute accent">double acute</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᷄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_apex" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese apex">apex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̆ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̑ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">inverted breve</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">caron, háček</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̧ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̈ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaeresis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">umlaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(diacritic)" title="Two dots (diacritic)">other</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̇ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̣ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">dot</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̀ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̏ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_grave_accent" title="Double grave accent">double grave</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̉ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hook_above" title="Hook above">hook above</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̡ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̢ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_hook" title="Palatal hook">palatal hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant#Transcription" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex hook</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̛ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Horn_(diacritic)" title="Horn (diacritic)">horn</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ͅ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">iota subscript</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̨ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek">ogonek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nosin%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosinė">nosinė</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̊ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̥ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Overring" title="Ring (diacritic)">overring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Underring" title="Ring (diacritic)">underring</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">perispomene</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sicilicus" title="Sicilicus">sicilicus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌῾ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᾿ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">rough breathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">smooth breathing</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet#Numerals,_diacritics_and_punctuation" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Kamora_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamora (diacritic)">kamora</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҇ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pokrytie" title="Pokrytie">pokrytie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ं</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ং</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଂ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ം</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ऽ</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ഽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">྅</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Avagraha" title="Avagraha">avagraha</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ँ</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఁ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">ྃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">chandrabindu</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">़</span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Nuqta" title="Nuqta">nuqta</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">्</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">്</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">్</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">್</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">්</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">်</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ः</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga">visarga</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Arabic diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Greek diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet#Other_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Gurmukhī diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_diacritics" title="Hebrew diacritics">Hebrew diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Diacritics" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">diacritics in IPA</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana#Diacritics" title="Kana">kana diacritics</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゙</span></span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゚</span></span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">dakuten, handakuten</a></span></span> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_alphabet#Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Other_symbols_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai diacritics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marks used as diacritics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌’ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̸ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(diacritic)" title="Bar (diacritic)">bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌: </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)#Diacritical_usage" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌, </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma#Diacritical_usage" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌. </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop/period</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌˗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌′ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-diacritic uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ^ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caret (computing)">caret (computing)</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ° </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ~ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde#Mathematics" title="Tilde">tilde § Mathematics</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_circle" title="Dotted circle">dotted circle</a> (placeholder glyph character)</span></span> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character#Unicode_ranges" title="Combining character">combining character § Unicode ranges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_terms_with_diacritical_marks" title="English terms with diacritical marks">English terms with diacritical marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Metal umlaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Diacritics" title="Category:Diacritics">Category: Diacritics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a class="mw-selflink selflink">inverted breve</a> (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̑ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȃ">Ȃȃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȇ">Ȇȇ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%8A" title="Ȋ">Ȋ ȋ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȏ">Ȏȏ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%92" title="Ȓ">Ȓȓ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȗ">Ȗȗ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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