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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&params=14.5468_N_120.99181_E_dim:30_region:PH_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°32′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°59′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.54680°N 120.99181°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.54680; 120.99181</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Executive department of the Philippine government</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the government agency. For an overview of the Philippines' foreign relations, see <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations of the Philippines</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Department of Foreign Affairs</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg/440px-Seal_of_the_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DFA_Building,_Roxas_Boulevard,_Pasay_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg/220px-DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg/330px-DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg/440px-DFA_Building%2C_Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Pasay_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span><br />The Department of Foreign Affairs building along <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Department overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">June 23, 1898<span class="noprint">; 126 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1898-06-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government of the Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">2330 <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&params=14.5468_N_120.99181_E_dim:30_region:PH_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°32′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°59′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.54680°N 120.99181°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.54680; 120.99181</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">2,289 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DFAStaffingSummary2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DFAStaffingSummary2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₱21.545</span> billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2022budget_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022budget-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Department executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Maria Teresita Daza, <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson" title="Spokesperson">Spokesperson</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Robespierre Bolivar, Chief of Staff, Office of the Secretary</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Child agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Foreign Service Institute</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Technical Cooperation Council of the Philippines</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> National Commission of the Philippines</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key document</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Commonwealth Act No. 732<sup id="cite_ref-AttorneyOrgPH-CA732_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AttorneyOrgPH-CA732-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfa.gov.ph">www<wbr />.dfa<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Department of Foreign Affairs</b> (<b>DFA</b>; <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">executive department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine government">Philippine government</a> tasked to contribute to the enhancement of <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, protection of the territorial integrity and national sovereignty, to participate in the national endeavor of sustaining development and enhancing the Philippines' competitive edge, to protect the rights and promote the welfare of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos" title="Overseas Filipinos">Filipinos overseas</a> and to mobilize them as partners in national development, to project a positive image of the Philippines, and to increase international understanding of Philippine culture for mutually-beneficial relations with other countries. </p><p>The current head of the department is <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Sec. Enrique Manalo</a>, who also serves as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-War_Philippines">Post-War Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Post-War Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the period when the Philippines was a colony of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the government did not take an active role in the crafting and execution of its <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>. This was also the case during Japan's occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1944. The country regained full control of foreign affairs and diplomatic matters on July 4, 1946, when <i>Commonwealth Act No. 732</i> was passed creating the Department of Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-AttorneyOrgPH-CA732_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AttorneyOrgPH-CA732-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 16, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> issued <i>Executive Order No. 18</i>, which provided for the organization and operation of the DFA and the Foreign Service.<sup id="cite_ref-GovPH-EO18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovPH-EO18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main tasks of the DFA then were to assist in postwar rehabilitation, formulate policies for the promotion of investment, and re-establish diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. </p><p>The DFA had also proposed amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act" title="Bell Trade Act">Bell Trade Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Treaty_(United_States%E2%80%93Philippines)" title="Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–Philippines)">RP-US Mutual Defense Treaty</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Laurel-Langley_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurel-Langley Agreement">Laurel-Langley Agreement</a> with the United States, which helped to strengthen trade and military relations with the US, and at the same time initiating the Philippines into the arena of independent foreign policy. </p><p>The DFA had its heyday during the post-war years, with its increased participation in the international arena. At that time, the international environment was beginning to change, requiring that new thrusts and priorities in Philippine foreign policy be determined. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, against the backdrop of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in 1950 and rising <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the Philippines projected an increasing internationalist foreign policy. The Philippines helped forge the <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> or GATT in 1949, became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and one of the drafters of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>, and was among the early proponents of disarmament and non-interference in the internal affairs of free peoples. The Philippines' greater participation in global matters culminated in <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a>'s election as the first Asian President of the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> in 1952. </p><p>Realizing the importance of foreign relations, President <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> pushed for the passage of the Foreign Service Law in June 1952, as embodied in <i>Republic Act No. 708</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChanRobles-RA708_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanRobles-RA708-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the post-war period, the Department of Foreign Affairs focused on institution-building, while simultaneously increasing Philippine global exposure. In 1953, Secretary <a href="/wiki/Raul_S._Manglapus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raul S. Manglapus">Raul S. Manglapus</a> instituted the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_Officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Service Officers">Foreign Service Officers</a> (FSOs) examination to professionalize the Foreign Service and improve the recruitment and selection of new FSOs. Such examination and selection processes are notorious, infamous for being difficult, stringent if somewhat opaque - drawing comparisons against similar examinations (Bar, Licensure for Engineers etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Marcos">Under Marcos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under Marcos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> redefined foreign policy as the protection of Philippine independence, territorial integrity and national dignity, and emphasized increased regional cooperation and collaboration. He placed great stress on being Asian and pursued a policy of constructive unity and co-existence with other Asian states, regardless of ideological persuasion. In 1967, the Philippines launched a new initiative to form a regional association with other Southeast Asian countries called the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a> or ASEAN. It was also during this period that the Philippines normalized economic and diplomatic ties with socialist countries such as China and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>, which he visited in 1975 and 1976, respectively. The Philippines also opened embassies in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries, and a separate mission to the <a href="/wiki/European_Common_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Common Market">European Common Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. </p><p>Throughout the 1970s, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs pursued the promotion of trade and investment, played an active role in hosting international meetings, and participated in the meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_Institute" title="Foreign Service Institute">Foreign Service Institute</a> was created in 1976 to provide in-house training to Foreign Service personnel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-EDSA_1986">Post-EDSA 1986</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-EDSA 1986"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1986_EDSA_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 EDSA Revolution">1986 EDSA Revolution</a> saw the re-establishment of a democratic government under President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>. During this period, the DFA once again pursued development policy, in the active pursuit of opportunities abroad in the vital areas of trade, investment, finance, technology and aid. The DFA also revived its efforts to boost the Philippine's role in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region. </p><p>During this period, the Philippines became one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> or APEC in November 1989, and an active player in regional efforts to establish the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a>. In 1990, the DFA proposed the establishment of more diplomatic missions to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> to improve existing ties with Arab states and to respond to the growing needs of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas Filipino Workers</a> in the region. </p><p>In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Senate">Philippine Senate</a>, heeding the growing nationalist sentiments among the public, voted against the extension of the Military Bases Agreement. This symbolized the severance of the political and ideological ties which had long linked the country to the United States. Also in 1991, President Aquino signed into law <i>Republic Act 7157</i>, otherwise known as the New Foreign Service Law, which reorganized and strengthened the Foreign Service. It instituted a Career Minister Eligibility Examination as a requirement for promotion of Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) to the rank of Minister Counsellor, thereby ensuring the professional selection of those who would eventually rise to the level of career ambassadors.<sup id="cite_ref-GovPH-RA7157_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovPH-RA7157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the DFA transferred its offices from the former Library Building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Manila" title="University of the Philippines Manila">University of the Philippines Manila</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>'s old headquarters along <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> took over the library building, while the ADB moved to <a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Fidel_V._Ramos">Under Fidel V. Ramos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Under Fidel V. Ramos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The administration of <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> from July 1992 to June 1998 defined four core areas of Philippine foreign policy: the enhancement of <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, promotion of economic diplomacy, protecting Overseas Filipino Workers and Filipino nationals abroad, the projection of a good image of the country abroad. </p><p>The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 provided the framework for stronger protection of Filipino workers abroad, with the creation of the Legal Assistance Fund and the Assistance-to-Nationals Fund, and the designation in the DFA of a Legal Assistant for Migrant Workers' Affairs, with the rank of Undersecretary.<sup id="cite_ref-GovPH-RA8042_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovPH-RA8042-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the other significant events in foreign affairs during the Ramos years were the adoption by ASEAN in 1992, upon Philippine initiative, of the Declaration on the South China Sea, aimed at confidence-building and the avoidance of conflict among claimant states; the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and the Philippines (BIMP)-<a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> Growth area in 1994; the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1994 as the only multilateral security dialogue in the Asia-Pacific region conducted at the government level, and the signing between the Philippine Government and the <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">MNLF</a> on September 2, 1996, of the Mindanao Peace Agreement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estrada_administration">Estrada administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Estrada administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The administration of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> upheld the foreign policy thrusts of the previous administration, focusing on national security, economic diplomacy, assistance to nationals, and image-building. The Philippines continued to be at the forefront of the regional and multilateral arena. It successfully hosted the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in July 1998 and undertook confidence-building measures with China over <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> issue through a meeting in March 1999. President Estrada strengthened bilateral ties with neighboring countries with visits to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. </p><p>The DFA also played a major role in the forging of a <a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_Visiting_Forces_Agreement" title="Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement">Visiting Forces Agreement</a> with the United States, which was ratified in the Senate. The country also sent a delegation of 108 observers to the Indonesian parliamentary elections, and engaged in cooperative activities in the areas of security, defense, combating transnational crimes, economy, culture, and the protection of OFWs and Filipinos abroad. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg/200px-Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg/300px-Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg/400px-Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_Office_of_Consular_Affairs_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Department of Foreign Affairs - Office of Consular Affairs</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organizational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The department is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)</a>, with the following undersecretaries: </p> <ul><li>Undersecretary for Administration</li> <li>Undersecretary for Civilian Security and Consular Affairs</li> <li>Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs and International Economic Relations</li> <li>Undersecretary for Migrant Workers Affairs</li> <li>Undersecretary for Bilateral Relations and ASEAN Affairs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices_of_the_department">Offices of the department</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Offices of the department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The policy and geographic offices of the DFA manage political and economic relations in different regions and pursue Philippine interests in multilateral organizations. These include the following: </p> <ul><li>Office of International Economic Relations</li> <li>Office of American Affairs</li> <li>Office of Asian and Pacific Affairs</li> <li>Office of European Affairs</li> <li>Office of Middle East and African Affairs</li> <li>Office of ASEAN Affairs</li> <li>Office of United Nations and International Organizations</li> <li>Maritime and Ocean Affairs Office</li></ul> <p>The DFA's line offices are the following: </p> <ul><li>Office of Migrant Workers Affairs</li> <li>Office of Consular Affairs</li> <li>Office of Civilian Security</li> <li>Office of Public and Cultural Diplomacy</li> <li>Office of Treaties and Legal Affairs</li> <li>Office of Policy Planning and Coordination</li> <li>Office of Protocol</li> <li>Office of Fiscal Management Services</li> <li>Office of Asset Management and Support Services</li> <li>Human Resource Management Office</li> <li>Intelligence and Security Unit</li> <li>Department Legislative Liaison Unit</li> <li>Internal Audit Service</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_secretaries">List of secretaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Philippines" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Philippines">List of diplomatic missions of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Philippines">List of diplomatic missions in the Philippines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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June 5, 1952<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chan+Robles+Virtual+Law+Library&rft.atitle=REPUBLIC+ACT+NO.+708&rft.date=1952-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws.chanrobles.com%2Frepublicacts%2F8_republicacts.php%3Fid%3D712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADepartment+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28Philippines%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovPH-RA7157-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GovPH-RA7157_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/09/19/republic-act-no-7157/">"Republic Act No. 7157"</a>. <i>Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</i>. September 19, 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Egypt–Philippines relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Canada–Philippines relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Chile–Philippines relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia-Philippines_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombia-Philippines relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Cuba–Philippines relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Mexico–Philippines relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Peru–Philippines relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Philippines–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Armenia–Philippines relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Bahrain–Philippines relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Bangladesh–Philippines relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Brunei–Philippines relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Cambodia–Philippines relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="East Timor–Philippines relations">Timor Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="India–Philippines relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Indonesia–Philippines relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Iran–Philippines relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Iraq–Philippines relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Israel–Philippines relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Japan–Philippines relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Kuwait–Philippines relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Laos–Philippines relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Malaysia–Philippines relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Mongolia–Philippines relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Myanmar–Philippines relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="North Korea–Philippines relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Oman–Philippines relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Pakistan–Philippines relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Palestine–Philippines relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Philippines–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Philippines–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Philippines–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Philippines–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Philippines–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Philippines–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Philippines–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Philippines–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Philippines–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Austria–Philippines relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Belgium–Philippines relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Croatia–Philippines relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Czech Republic–Philippines relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Denmark–Philippines relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="France–Philippines relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Germany–Philippines relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Greece–Philippines relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Holy See–Philippines relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Iceland–Philippines relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Ireland–Philippines relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Italy–Philippines relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Netherlands–Philippines relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Norway–Philippines relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Philippines–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Philippines–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Philippines–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Philippines–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Philippines–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Philippines–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Philippines–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Philippines–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Australia–Philippines relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Nauru–Philippines relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="New Zealand–Philippines relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Palau–Philippines relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–Philippines relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93South_Vietnam_relations" title="Philippines–South Vietnam relations">South Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Philippines–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Philippines–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_United_Nations" title="Philippines and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Accord" title="Manila Accord">Manila Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandugo" title="Sandugo">Sandugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cebu_(1565)" title="Treaty of Cebu (1565)">Treaty of Cebu (1565)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)" title="Treaty of Manila (1946)">Treaty of Manila (1946)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Treaty_(United_States%E2%80%93Philippines)" title="Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–Philippines)">US–Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Australia_Status_of_Visiting_Forces_Agreement" title="Philippines–Australia Status of Visiting Forces Agreement">Philippines–Australia SOVFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_Visiting_Forces_Agreement" title="Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement">Philippines–US Visiting Forces Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Nuclear-Weapon-Free_Zone_Treaty" title="Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty">Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Defense_Cooperation_Agreement" title="Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement">Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA-Philippines Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">Sabah dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">Territorial disputes in the South China Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ambassadors of the Philippines">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Philippines" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Philippines">Diplomatic missions of the Philippines</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Philippines">in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_the_Philippines" title="List of diplomatic visits to the Philippines">List of diplomatic visits to the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos" title="Overseas Filipinos">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics of the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Agrarian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Secretary of Agrarian Reform">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management" title="Department of Budget and Management">Budget and Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Budget_and_Management" title="Secretary of Budget and Management">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Education (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Energy (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources">Environment and Natural Resources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources" title="Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Finance (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Health (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements_and_Urban_Development" title="Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development">Human Settlements and Urban Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Human_Settlements_and_Urban_Development" title="Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="Department of Information and Communications Technology">Information and Communications Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="Secretary of Information and Communications Technology">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">Interior and Local Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Justice (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Labor and Employment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Migrant_Workers" title="Department of Migrant Workers">Migrant Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Public Works and Highways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Secretary of Public Works and Highways">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development">Social Welfare and Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Trade and Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Independent cabinet-level agency</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_affairs_ministries_of_the_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_affairs_ministries_of_the_World" title="Template:Foreign affairs ministries of the World"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_affairs_ministries_of_the_World" title="Template talk:Foreign affairs ministries of the World"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_affairs_ministries_of_the_World" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign affairs ministries of the World"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_affairs_ministries_of_the_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_foreign_affairs" title="Ministry of foreign affairs">Foreign affairs ministries of the world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Algeria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Algeria)">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Relations_(Angola)" title="Ministry of External Relations (Angola)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_African_Integration_(Benin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and African Integration (Benin)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Botswana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Relations_and_International_Cooperation_(Burundi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of External Relations and International Cooperation (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Eritrea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Eritrea)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Eswatini)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Eswatini)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kenya)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Relations_(Lesotho)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations (Lesotho)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Liberia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Liberia)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mauritania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mauritania)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_African_Cooperation_and_Moroccan_Expatriates" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_Cooperation_and_African_Integration" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Cooperation_(Rwanda)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_Cooperation_and_Communities" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Communities">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Seychelles)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Seychelles)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somalia)">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somaliland)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_International_Relations_and_Cooperation" title="Department of International Relations and Cooperation">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(South_Sudan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sudan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_East_African_Cooperation" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Tunisia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Tunisia)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Uganda)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uganda)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Zambia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Zambia)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Zimbabwe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Zimbabwe)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_Trade_and_Barbuda_Affairs" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Barbuda Affairs">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bahamas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahamas)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_Foreign_Trade_and_International_Business_(Barbados)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and International Business (Barbados)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Belize)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bolivia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Affairs_Canada" title="Global Affairs Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Chile)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Worship_(Costa_Rica)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cuba)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Relations_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Ministry of External Relations (Dominican Republic)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Guatemala)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Guatemala)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Guyana)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Guyana)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Haiti)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Foreign_Trade_(Jamaica)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Jamaica)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mexico)" title="Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saint Kitts and Nevis)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Relations_(Uruguay)" title="Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Venezuela)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bahrain)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bhutan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Brunei)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brunei)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Cambodia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Cooperation_(East_Timor)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (East Timor)">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kazakhstan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kyrgyzstan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kyrgyzstan)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Laos)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Laos)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Maldives)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Maldives)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Myanmar)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Myanmar)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mongolia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mongolia)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nepal)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Oman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Qatar)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Qatar)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Tajikistan" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkmenistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkmenistan)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Uzbekistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(Albania)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(Andorra)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_for_European_and_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Armenia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Azerbaijan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Service_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bulgaria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Cyprus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Czech_Republic)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Finland)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Georgia" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Foreign_Office" title="Federal Foreign Office">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Iceland)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Iceland)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kosovo)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Latvia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Latvia)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Lithuania)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Luxembourg)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Malta)" title="Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs (Malta)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_European_Integration_(Moldova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Moldova)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_External_Relations_(Monaco)" title="Department of External Relations (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_European_Integration_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Norway)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Portugal)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Serbia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Serbia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Slovenia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Sweden)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Fiji)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Fiji)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Immigration" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zongli_Yamen" title="Zongli Yamen">Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Republic of China (Mainland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Yugoslavia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yugoslavia)">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545663#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122146153041605250653">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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