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Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/esther/3-15.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/1/17_Est_03_15.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Esther 3:15 - Haman Plots Against the Jews" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="The couriers left, spurred on by the king's command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. 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The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was bewildered. <a href="/nlt/esther/3.htm">New Living Translation</a> At the king’s command, the decree went out by swift messengers, and it was also proclaimed in the fortress of Susa. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa fell into confusion. <a href="/esv/esther/3.htm">English Standard Version</a> The couriers went out hurriedly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in Susa the citadel. And the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion. <a href="/bsb/esther/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> The couriers left, spurred on by the king’s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/kjv/esther/3.htm">King James Bible</a> The posts went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/nkjv/esther/3.htm">New King James Version</a> The couriers went out, hastened by the king’s command; and the decree was proclaimed in Shushan the citadel. So the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/nasb_/esther/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> The couriers went out, speeded by the king’s order while the decree was issued at the citadel in Susa; and while the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was agitated. <a href="/nasb/esther/3.htm">NASB 1995</a> The couriers went out impelled by the king&#8217s command while the decree was issued at the citadel in Susa; and while the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/nasb77/esther/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a> The couriers went out impelled by the king’s command while the decree was issued in Susa the capital; and while the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/lsb/esther/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> The couriers went out, hastened by the word of the king. And the law was given at the citadel in Susa. Now the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/amp/esther/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a> The couriers went out hurriedly by order of the king, and the decree was issued at the citadel in Susa. And while the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was perplexed [by the unusual and alarming decree]. <a href="/csb/esther/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> The couriers left, spurred on by royal command, and the law was issued in the fortress of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, while the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/hcsb/esther/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> The couriers left, spurred on by royal command, and the law was issued in the fortress of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, while the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/asv/esther/3.htm">American Standard Version</a> The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/erv/esther/3.htm">English Revised Version</a> The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the palace: and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/gwt/esther/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> The messengers hurried out as the king told them. The decree was also issued at the fortress of Susa. So the king and Haman sat down to drink a toast, but the city of Susa was in turmoil. <a href="/gnt/esther/3.htm">Good News Translation</a> At the king's command the decree was made public in the capital city of Susa, and runners carried the news to the provinces. The king and Haman sat down and had a drink while the city of Susa was being thrown into confusion. <a href="/isv/esther/3.htm">International Standard Version</a> The couriers went out, urged on by the king's command, and the edict was issued in Susa the capital. The king and Haman sat down to drink, while the city of Susa was thrown into confusion. <a href="/msb/esther/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> The couriers left, spurred on by the king?s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion. <a href="/net/esther/3.htm">NET Bible</a> The messengers scurried forth with the king's order. The edict was issued in Susa the citadel. While the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was in an uproar! <a href="/nheb/esther/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> The couriers went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in the citadel of Shushan. The king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/wbt/esther/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> The posts departed, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/web/esther/3.htm">World English Bible</a> The couriers went out in haste by the king’s commandment, and the decree was given out in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Susa was perplexed. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/esther/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> The runners have gone forth, hurried by the word of the king, and the law has been given in Shushan the palace, and the king and Haman have sat down to drink, and the city Shushan is perplexed. <a href="/ylt/esther/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> The runners have gone forth, hastened by the word of the king, and the law hath been given in Shushan the palace, and the king and Haman have sat down to drink, and the city Shushan is perplexed. <a href="/slt/esther/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And they running went forth, being impelled by the word of the king, and the edict was given in Shushan the fortress. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; and the city Shushan was disquieted.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/esther/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> The couriers that were sent made haste to fulfil the king's commandment. And immediately the edict was hung up in Susan, the king and Aman feasting together, and all the Jews that were in the city weeping. <a href="/cpdv/esther/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> <V 6:9>The couriers, who had been sent, hurried to complete the king’s command, but the edict was hung up in Susa immediately. And the king and Haman celebrated a feast, while all the Jews in the city were weeping. <a href="/nabre/esther/3.htm">New American Bible</a> The couriers set out in haste at the king’s command; meanwhile, the decree was promulgated in the royal precinct of Susa. The king and Haman then sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion. <a href="/nrsvce/esther/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> The couriers went quickly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/esther/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> The couriers went out, being hastened by the king's command, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was in an uproar. <a href="/hpbt/esther/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And the Runners went out quickly by the commandment of the King, and the word had been commanded in Shushan the Palace, and the King and Haman reclined to drink together, and the city of Shushan was in an uproar. <div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/esther/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. <a href="/sep/esther/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And the business was hastened, and that at Susa: and the king and Aman began to drink; but the city was troubled. <a href="/parallel/esther/3-15.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TRosJDhNG-8?start=767" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/esther/3.htm">Haman Plots Against the Jews</a> …14A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that they would be ready on that day. 15<a href="/hebrew/7323.htm" title="7323: hā·rā·ṣîm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- To run. A primitive root; to run.">The couriers</a> <a href="/hebrew/3318.htm" title="3318: yā·ṣə·’ū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- A primitive root; to go out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.">left,</a> <a href="/hebrew/1765.htm" title="1765: ḏə·ḥū·p̄îm (V-Qal-QalPassPrtcpl-mp) -- To drive, hasten. A primitive root; to urge, i.e. Hasten.">spurred on</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">by the king’s</a> <a href="/hebrew/1697.htm" title="1697: biḏ·ḇar (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- Speech, word. From dabar; a word; by implication, a matter or thing; adverbially, a cause.">command,</a> <a href="/hebrew/1881.htm" title="1881: wə·had·dāṯ (Conj-w, Art:: N-fs) -- Decree, law. Of uncertain derivation: a royal edict or statute.">and the edict</a> <a href="/hebrew/5414.htm" title="5414: nit·tə·nāh (V-Nifal-Perf-3fs) -- To give, put, set. A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application.">was issued</a> <a href="/hebrew/1002.htm" title="1002: hab·bî·rāh (Art:: N-fs) -- A castle, palace. Of foreign origin; a castle or palace.">in the citadel</a> <a href="/hebrew/7800.htm" title="7800: bə·šū·šan (Prep-b:: N-proper-ms) -- Residence of Pers. kings. The same as shuwshan; Shushan, a place in Persia.">of Susa.</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: wə·ham·me·leḵ (Conj-w, Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">Then the king</a> <a href="/hebrew/2001.htm" title="2001: wə·hā·mān (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- Haman -- to rage, be turbulent. Of foreign derivation; Haman, a Persian vizier.">and Haman</a> <a href="/hebrew/3427.htm" title="3427: yā·šə·ḇū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- A primitive root; properly, to sit down; by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry.">sat down</a> <a href="/hebrew/8354.htm" title="8354: liš·tō·wṯ (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To drink. A primitive root; to imbibe.">to drink,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5892.htm" title="5892: wə·hā·‘îr (Conj-w, Art:: N-fs) -- Excitement. Or par; or ayar; from uwr a city in the widest sense.">but the city</a> <a href="/hebrew/7800.htm" title="7800: šū·šān (N-proper-ms) -- Residence of Pers. kings. The same as shuwshan; Shushan, a place in Persia.">of Susa</a> <a href="/hebrew/943.htm" title="943: nā·ḇō·w·ḵāh (V-Nifal-Perf-3fs) -- To perplex, confuse. A primitive root; to involve.">was in confusion.</a> <div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/daniel/6-14.htm">Daniel 6:14-15</a> As soon as the king heard this, he was deeply distressed and set his mind on delivering Daniel, and he labored until sundown to rescue him. / Then the men approached the king together and said to him, “Remember, O king, that by the law of the Medes and Persians no decree or ordinance established by the king can be changed.” <a href="/nehemiah/1-3.htm">Nehemiah 1:3</a> And they told me, “The remnant who survived the exile are there in the province, in great trouble and disgrace. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire.” <a href="/proverbs/29-2.htm">Proverbs 29:2</a> When the righteous flourish, the people rejoice, but when the wicked rule, the people groan. <a href="/isaiah/59-7.htm">Isaiah 59:7-8</a> Their feet run to evil; they are swift to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful thoughts; ruin and destruction lie in their wake. / The way of peace they have not known, and there is no justice in their tracks. They have turned them into crooked paths; no one who treads on them will know peace. <a href="/jeremiah/9-8.htm">Jeremiah 9:8</a> Their tongues are deadly arrows; they speak deception. With his mouth a man speaks peace to his neighbor, but in his heart he sets a trap for him. <a href="/psalms/2-1.htm">Psalm 2:1-2</a> Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? / The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One: <a href="/psalms/37-12.htm">Psalm 37:12-13</a> The wicked scheme against the righteous and gnash their teeth at them, / but the Lord laughs, seeing that their day is coming. <a href="/psalms/83-3.htm">Psalm 83:3-5</a> With cunning they scheme against Your people and conspire against those You cherish, / saying, “Come, let us erase them as a nation; may the name of Israel be remembered no more.” / For with one mind they plot together; they form an alliance against You— <a href="/ezekiel/22-6.htm">Ezekiel 22:6</a> See how every prince of Israel within you has used his power to shed blood. <a href="/micah/7-3.htm">Micah 7:3</a> Both hands are skilled at evil; the prince and the judge demand a bribe. When the powerful utters his evil desire, they all conspire together. <a href="/matthew/2-16.htm">Matthew 2:16</a> When Herod saw that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was filled with rage. Sending orders, he put to death all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, according to the time he had learned from the Magi. <a href="/matthew/27-1.htm">Matthew 27:1</a> When morning came, all the chief priests and elders of the people conspired against Jesus to put Him to death. <a href="/mark/3-6.htm">Mark 3:6</a> At this, the Pharisees went out and began plotting with the Herodians how they might kill Jesus. <a href="/luke/22-2.htm">Luke 22:2</a> and the chief priests and scribes were looking for a way to put Jesus to death, for they feared the people. <a href="/john/11-53.htm">John 11:53</a> So from that day on they plotted to kill Him.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>The posts went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed.hastened.<a href="/proverbs/1-16.htm">Proverbs 1:16</a> For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.<a href="/proverbs/4-16.htm">Proverbs 4:16</a> For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall.sat down.<a href="/hosea/7-5.htm">Hosea 7:5</a> In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine; he stretched out his hand with scorners.<a href="/amos/6-6.htm">Amos 6:6</a> That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph.<a href="/john/16-20.htm">John 16:20</a> Verily, verily, I say unto you, That ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy.the city.<a href="/esther/4-16.htm">Esther 4:16</a> Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and my maidens will fast likewise; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish.<a href="/esther/8-15.htm">Esther 8:15</a> And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.<a href="/proverbs/29-2.htm">Proverbs 29:2</a> When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/esther/2-5.htm">Capital</a> <a href="/esther/2-8.htm">Citadel</a> <a href="/nehemiah/13-18.htm">City</a> <a href="/esther/3-3.htm">Command</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Commandment</a> <a href="/nehemiah/4-8.htm">Confusion</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/32-18.htm">Consternation</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Couriers</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Decree</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-19.htm">Departed</a> <a href="/esther/1-8.htm">Drink</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Edict</a> <a href="/esther/2-11.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/esther/3-12.htm">Haman</a> <a href="/ezra/4-23.htm">Haste</a> <a href="/nehemiah/3-20.htm">Hastened</a> <a href="/2_peter/1-21.htm">Impelled</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Issued</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">King's</a> <a href="/esther/3-4.htm">Order</a> <a href="/esther/2-16.htm">Palace</a> <a href="/galatians/4-20.htm">Perplexed</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Posts</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Public</a> <a href="/esther/2-9.htm">Quickly</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/30-10.htm">Runners</a> <a href="/esther/2-21.htm">Sat</a> <a href="/esther/2-8.htm">Shushan</a> <a href="/esther/3-9.htm">Statement</a> <a href="/esther/2-8.htm">Susa</a> <a href="/esther/2-19.htm">Together</a> <a href="/esther/1-10.htm">Wine</a> <a href="/esther/2-22.htm">Word</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Capital</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Citadel</a> <a href="/esther/4-1.htm">City</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Command</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Commandment</a> <a href="/job/10-15.htm">Confusion</a> <a href="/job/41-25.htm">Consternation</a> <a href="/esther/8-10.htm">Couriers</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Decree</a> <a href="/job/1-12.htm">Departed</a> <a href="/esther/4-16.htm">Drink</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Edict</a> <a href="/esther/4-6.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/esther/4-7.htm">Haman</a> <a href="/esther/5-5.htm">Haste</a> <a href="/esther/6-12.htm">Hastened</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Impelled</a> <a href="/esther/8-13.htm">Issued</a> <a href="/esther/4-2.htm">King's</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Order</a> <a href="/esther/4-13.htm">Palace</a> <a href="/daniel/5-9.htm">Perplexed</a> <a href="/esther/8-10.htm">Posts</a> <a href="/esther/4-6.htm">Public</a> <a href="/esther/5-5.htm">Quickly</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/9-24.htm">Runners</a> <a href="/esther/5-1.htm">Sat</a> <a href="/esther/4-8.htm">Shushan</a> <a href="/isaiah/50-1.htm">Statement</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Susa</a> <a href="/esther/4-16.htm">Together</a> <a href="/esther/5-6.htm">Wine</a> <a href="/esther/4-3.htm">Word</a><div class="vheading2">Esther 3</div>1. <a href="/esther/3-1.htm">Haman, advanced by the king, and despised by Mordecai, seeks revenge upon the Jews.</a> 7. <a href="/esther/3-7.htm">He casts lots.</a> 8. <a href="/esther/3-8.htm">He obtains by false accusations a decree of the king to put the Jews to death.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/3.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/esther/3.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>The couriers left, spurred on by the king’s command The use of couriers highlights the Persian Empire's efficient communication system, which was crucial for maintaining control over vast territories. This system is reminiscent of the "pony express" and underscores the urgency and authority of the king's decree. The king's command reflects the absolute power of Persian monarchs, who were often seen as divine or semi-divine figures. This mirrors the authority of God’s word, which is also sent out with purpose and power (<a href="/isaiah/55-11.htm">Isaiah 55:11</a>).and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa Susa, one of the Persian Empire's capitals, was a significant center of political power. Archaeological findings have confirmed its grandeur and importance. The citadel, a fortified area, was the heart of administrative activities. The issuing of the edict here signifies the formal and official nature of the decree. This setting contrasts with the hidden and vulnerable position of the Jewish people, who were the targets of the edict, reminiscent of the spiritual battles faced by believers (<a href="/ephesians/6-12.htm">Ephesians 6:12</a>).Then the king and Haman sat down to drink This phrase illustrates the callousness and indifference of the king and Haman to the suffering their decree would cause. It reflects a theme of moral blindness and self-indulgence, often criticized in Scripture (<a href="/proverbs/31-4.htm">Proverbs 31:4-5</a>). The act of sitting down to drink symbolizes a false sense of security and peace, contrasting with the impending doom for the Jews. This can be seen as a type of the world's fleeting pleasures, which stand in stark contrast to the eternal joy found in Christ (<a href="/john/4-13.htm">John 4:13-14</a>).but the city of Susa was in confusion The confusion in Susa indicates the widespread impact and the unsettling nature of the edict. It suggests that not all Persians were in agreement with or understood the king's decree, highlighting the potential for injustice when power is misused. This confusion can be compared to the spiritual confusion in the world without the light of Christ (<a href="/john/1-5.htm">John 1:5</a>). The reaction of the city foreshadows the eventual deliverance and reversal of fortunes for the Jews, a theme of divine providence and justice seen throughout Scripture (<a href="/romans/8-28.htm">Romans 8:28</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/k/king_ahasuerus.htm">King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I)</a> The Persian king who reigned over a vast empire and issued the edict against the Jews, influenced by Haman. 2. <a href="/topical/h/haman.htm">Haman</a> The antagonist in the Book of Esther, who plotted to destroy the Jews due to his hatred for Mordecai. 3. <a href="/topical/m/mordecai.htm">Mordecai</a> A Jew living in Susa, cousin and guardian of Esther, who refused to bow to Haman, inciting Haman's wrath. 4. <a href="/topical/e/esther.htm">Esther</a> The Jewish queen of Persia, who would later play a crucial role in saving her people. 5. <a href="/topical/s/susa.htm">Susa (Shushan)</a> The capital of the Persian Empire, where the events of the Book of Esther take place.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_power_of_influence.htm">The Power of Influence</a> Haman's influence over King Ahasuerus shows how one person's malice can affect an entire nation. We must be cautious about whom we allow to influence our decisions. <a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_pride.htm">The Consequences of Pride</a> Haman's pride and desire for revenge led to a decree that caused widespread confusion and fear. Pride can lead to destructive decisions that affect many. <a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_amidst_chaos.htm">God's Sovereignty Amidst Chaos</a> Even when the city of Susa was in confusion, God was still in control, preparing a way for deliverance. Trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem dire. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_righteous_leadership.htm">The Importance of Righteous Leadership</a> The confusion in Susa underscores the need for leaders who seek justice and righteousness. Pray for leaders who will govern with wisdom and integrity.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_esther_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Esther 3</a> <a href="/q/do_catholics_attain_salvation.htm">What does 'For Such a Time as This' mean?</a> <a href="/q/who_is_steven_furtick.htm">What did Esther mean by 'If I perish, I perish'?</a> <a href="/q/why_allow_more_killing_in_esther_9_13-15.htm">Esther 9:13-15: Why would an additional day of killing be sanctioned, and does this align with other biblical teachings on mercy and restraint?</a> <a href="/q/is_king_ahasuerus's_vast_domain_reliable.htm">How historically reliable is the vast domain of King Ahasuerus described in Esther 1:1, from India to Ethiopia?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/esther/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(15) Perplexed.--The inhabitants of the capital were puzzled and alarmed, as well they might be, at so marvellously reckless an order. Their sympathies, too, were clearly with the Jews and against Haman. (See <a href="/esther/8-15.htm" title="And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.">Esther 8:15</a>.)<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/esther/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 15. - The posts went out, being hastened. Though there was ample time, since the remotest part of the empire could be reached in a month, or two at the most, yet the posts were "hastened," Haman being impatient, lest the king should change his mind, and decline to publish the edict. The king may himself also have wished to have the matter settled past recall. The king sat down with Haman to drink. This touch seems intended to mark their hardness of heart. As Nero "fiddled while Rome was burning," so these two, having assigned a nation to destruction, proceeded to enjoy themselves at "a banquet of wine." But the city of Susa was perplexed. The Jews had enemies in Susa (<a href="/esther/9-12.htm">Esther 9:12-15</a>); but the bulk of the inhabitants being Persians, and so Zoroastrians, would be likely to sympathise with them. There might also be a widespread feeling among persons of other nationalities that the precedent now set was a dangerous one. Generally the people of the capital approved and applauded what. ever the great king did. Now they misdoubted the justice, and perhaps even the prudence, of what was resolved upon. The decree threw them into perplexity. <a href="/commentaries/esther/3-15.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>The couriers הָֽרָצִ֞ים (hā·rā·ṣîm) Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7323.htm">Strong's 7323: </a> To run left, יָצְא֤וּ (yā·ṣə·’ū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3318.htm">Strong's 3318: </a> To go, bring, out, direct and proxim spurred on דְחוּפִים֙ (ḏə·ḥū·p̄îm) Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1765.htm">Strong's 1765: </a> To drive, hasten by the king's הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king command, בִּדְבַ֣ר (biḏ·ḇar) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1697.htm">Strong's 1697: </a> A word, a matter, thing, a cause and the law וְהַדָּ֥ת (wə·had·dāṯ) Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1881.htm">Strong's 1881: </a> A royal edict, statute was issued נִתְּנָ֖ה (nit·tə·nāh) Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5414.htm">Strong's 5414: </a> To give, put, set in the citadel הַבִּירָ֑ה (hab·bî·rāh) Article | Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1002.htm">Strong's 1002: </a> A castle, palace of Susa. בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן (bə·šū·šan) Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7800.htm">Strong's 7800: </a> Susa -- residence of person kings Then the king וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ (wə·ham·me·leḵ) Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king and Haman וְהָמָן֙ (wə·hā·mān) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2001.htm">Strong's 2001: </a> Haman -- to rage, be turbulent sat down יָשְׁב֣וּ (yā·šə·ḇū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3427.htm">Strong's 3427: </a> To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry to drink, לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת (liš·tō·wṯ) Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8354.htm">Strong's 8354: </a> To imbibe but the city וְהָעִ֥יר (wə·hā·‘îr) Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5892.htm">Strong's 5892: </a> Excitement of Susa שׁוּשָׁ֖ן (šū·šān) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7800.htm">Strong's 7800: </a> Susa -- residence of person kings was in confusion. נָבֽוֹכָה׃ (nā·ḇō·w·ḵāh) Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_943.htm">Strong's 943: </a> To perplex, confuse <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/esther/3-15.htm">Esther 3:15 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/esther/3-15.htm">OT History: Esther 3:15 The couriers went forth in haste (Est Esth. Es) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/esther/3-14.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Esther 3:14"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Esther 3:14" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/esther/4-1.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Esther 4:1"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Esther 4:1" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>