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background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr> <td><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#C8CCCF;" /><span style="font-size:110%"><center><b>Types of ballot measures</b></center></span><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#C8CCCF;" /> <div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Ballot_Measures_overview" title="Ballot Measures overview"><img alt="BallotMeasureFinal badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/6d/BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png/200px-BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/6d/BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png/300px-BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/6d/BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png/400px-BallotMeasureFinal_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="756" /></a></div></div> <hr style="height:3px; background-color:#C8CCCF;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; padding:5px; line-height:135%;"><b>Initiated</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Initiated constitutional amendment</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Initiated_state_statute" title="Initiated state statute">Initiated state statute</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Veto_referendum" title="Veto referendum">Veto referendum</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; padding:5px; line-height:135%;"><b>Legislative</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_constitutional_amendment" title="Legislatively referred constitutional amendment">Legislative constitutional amendment</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_state_statute" title="Legislatively referred state statute">Legislative state statute</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_bond_measure" title="Legislatively referred bond measure">Legislative bond issue</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Advisory_question" title="Advisory question">Advisory question</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; padding:5px; line-height:135%;"><b>Other</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Automatic_ballot_referral" title="Automatic ballot referral">Automatic ballot referral</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Commission-referred_ballot_measure" title="Commission-referred ballot measure">Commission-referred measure</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><span style="font-size:90%">• <a href="/Convention-referred_constitutional_amendment" title="Convention-referred constitutional amendment">Convention-referred amendment</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#C8CCCF;" /> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:90%"><b>Select a state from the menu below to learn more about that state's types of ballot measures.</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="SingleDropdown"><select id="dropdownOne" class="styled-dropdown"><option value="Types of ballot measures in Alabama">Alabama</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Alaska">Alaska</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Arizona">Arizona</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Arkansas">Arkansas</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in California">California</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Colorado">Colorado</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Connecticut">Connecticut</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Delaware">Delaware</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Florida">Florida</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Georgia">Georgia</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Hawaii">Hawaii</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Idaho">Idaho</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Illinois">Illinois</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Indiana">Indiana</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Iowa">Iowa</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Kansas">Kansas</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Kentucky">Kentucky</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Louisiana">Louisiana</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Maine">Maine</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Maryland">Maryland</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Michigan">Michigan</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Minnesota">Minnesota</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Mississippi">Mississippi</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Missouri">Missouri</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Montana">Montana</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Nebraska">Nebraska</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Nevada">Nevada</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in New Jersey">New Jersey</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in New Mexico">New Mexico</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in New York">New York</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in North Carolina">North Carolina</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in North Dakota">North Dakota</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Ohio">Ohio</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Oregon">Oregon</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in South Carolina">South Carolina</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in South Dakota">South Dakota</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Tennessee">Tennessee</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Texas">Texas</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Utah">Utah</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Vermont">Vermont</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Virginia">Virginia</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Washington">Washington</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in West Virginia">West Virginia</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</option><option value="Types of ballot measures in Wyoming">Wyoming</option></select><button value="Submit" class="form-control" text="Submit">Submit</button></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>An <b>initiated constitutional amendment</b> is a <a href="/Ballot_initiative" title="Ballot initiative">citizen-initiated ballot measure</a> that amends a <a href="/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">state's constitution</a>. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments. Proponents of a ballot initiative collect petition signatures from a certain minimum number of registered voters in a state. </p><p>The 18 states that provide for initiated constitutional amendments are: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Arizona" title="Types of ballot measures in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Arkansas" title="Types of ballot measures in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_California" title="Types of ballot measures in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Colorado" title="Types of ballot measures in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Florida" title="Types of ballot measures in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Illinois" title="Types of ballot measures in Illinois">Illinois</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Massachusetts" title="Types of ballot measures in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Michigan" title="Types of ballot measures in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Mississippi" title="Types of ballot measures in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Missouri" title="Types of ballot measures in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Montana" title="Types of ballot measures in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Nebraska" title="Types of ballot measures in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Nevada" title="Types of ballot measures in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_North_Dakota" title="Types of ballot measures in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Ohio" title="Types of ballot measures in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Oklahoma" title="Types of ballot measures in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Oregon" title="Types of ballot measures in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_South_Dakota" title="Types of ballot measures in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An initiated constitutional amendment (ICA) can be direct or <a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">indirect</a>. Of the 18 states that provide for initiated constitutional amendments, these measures are direct in 16 states and indirect in two states - Massachusetts and Mississippi. While a direct initiative goes to voters, an indirect initiative goes to the state legislature, which can take various actions on the proposal, before voters. You can read more about indirect initiated constitutional amendments <a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">here</a>. </p> <div style="border:solid 3px #E5E6E6; background-color:white; padding:10px; width: 70%;"> <p><i><b>Note on Mississippi</b></i>: </p><p>Mississippi has an initiated constitutional amendment process, including a <a href="/Distribution_requirement" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution requirement">signature distribution requirement</a> based on five congressional districts. However, the requirements cannot be met, according to the <a href="/Mississippi_Supreme_Court" title="Mississippi Supreme Court">Mississippi Supreme Court</a>, because the state has four congressional districts following reapportionment in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Initiated_constitutional_amendments_on_the_ballot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Initiated constitutional amendments on the ballot</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#States_that_provide_for_initiated_constitutional_amendments"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">States that provide for initiated constitutional amendments</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#List_of_states"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">List of states</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Types_of_citizen-initiated_measures_in_each_state"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Types of citizen-initiated measures in each state</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Types_of_ballot_measures"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Types of ballot measures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Initiated_constitutional_amendments_on_the_ballot">Initiated constitutional amendments on the ballot</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">2024 ballot measures</a> and <a href="/2025_ballot_measures" title="2025 ballot measures">2025 ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The following is a list of initiated constitutional amendments certified for the current year and next year: </p> <ul><li><a href="/Arizona_Proposition_139,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Arizona_Proposition_140,_Single_Primary_for_All_Candidates_and_Possible_RCV_General_Election_Initiative_(2024)" title="Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)">Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Arkansas_Issue_2,_Countywide_Voter_Approval_for_New_Casino_Licenses_and_Repeal_Casino_Licenses_in_Pope_County_Initiative_(2024)" title="Arkansas Issue 2, Countywide Voter Approval for New Casino Licenses and Repeal Casino Licenses in Pope County Initiative (2024)">Arkansas Issue 2, Countywide Voter Approval for New Casino Licenses and Repeal Casino Licenses in Pope County Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Colorado_Amendment_79,_Right_to_Abortion_and_Health_Insurance_Coverage_Initiative_(2024)" title="Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)">Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Colorado_Amendment_80,_Constitutional_Right_to_School_Choice_Initiative_(2024)" title="Colorado Amendment 80, Constitutional Right to School Choice Initiative (2024)">Colorado Amendment 80, Constitutional Right to School Choice Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Florida_Amendment_3,_Marijuana_Legalization_Initiative_(2024)" title="Florida Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)">Florida Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Florida_Amendment_4,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Missouri_Amendment_2,_Sports_Betting_Initiative_(2024)" title="Missouri Amendment 2, Sports Betting Initiative (2024)">Missouri Amendment 2, Sports Betting Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Missouri_Amendment_3,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2024)" title="Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)">Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Missouri_Amendment_5,_Osage_River_Gambling_Boat_License_Initiative_(2024)" title="Missouri Amendment 5, Osage River Gambling Boat License Initiative (2024)">Missouri Amendment 5, Osage River Gambling Boat License Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Montana_CI-126,_Top-Four_Primary_Initiative_(2024)" title="Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)">Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Montana_CI-127,_Majority_Vote_Required_to_Win_Elections_Initiative_(2024)" title="Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)">Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Montana_CI-128,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_439,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Nevada_Question_3,_Top-Five_Ranked-Choice_Voting_Initiative_(2024)" title="Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)">Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Nevada_Question_6,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Nevada_Question_7,_Require_Voter_Identification_Initiative_(2024)" title="Nevada Question 7, Require Voter Identification Initiative (2024)">Nevada Question 7, Require Voter Identification Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/North_Dakota_Initiated_Measure_1,_Congressional_Age_Limits_Initiative_(June_2024)" title="North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Congressional Age Limits Initiative (June 2024)">North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Congressional Age Limits Initiative (June 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/North_Dakota_Initiated_Measure_4,_Prohibit_Taxes_on_Assessed_Value_of_Real_Property_Initiative_(2024)" title="North Dakota Initiated Measure 4, Prohibit Taxes on Assessed Value of Real Property Initiative (2024)">North Dakota Initiated Measure 4, Prohibit Taxes on Assessed Value of Real Property Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/Ohio_Issue_1,_Establish_the_Citizens_Redistricting_Commission_Initiative_(2024)" title="Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024)">Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/South_Dakota_Constitutional_Amendment_G,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/South_Dakota_Constitutional_Amendment_H,_Top-Two_Primary_Elections_Initiative_(2024)" title="South Dakota Constitutional Amendment H, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2024)">South Dakota Constitutional Amendment H, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2024)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="States_that_provide_for_initiated_constitutional_amendments">States that provide for initiated constitutional amendments</span></h2> <p>The following map illustrates which states provide for initiated constitutional amendments and information on whether the initiatives are direct or indirect: </p><p><iframe title="States that provide for initiated constitutional amendments" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-dQ242" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/dQ242/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 70% !important; border: none;" height="500" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_states">List of states</span></h3> <p>The following table provides a list of what states provide for initiated constitutional amendments, as well as information on signature requirements and vote requirements. </p> <table class="bptable collapsible" style="text-align:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" align="left" style="background-color:#424949; color: white;"><span style="font-size:110%">States that provide for initiated constitutional amendments<span style="font-size:110%"> </span></span></th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; color: black; width: 11%">State </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; color: black; width: 7%">Type </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; color: black; width: 18%">Constitutional provision </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; color: black; width: 30%">Signature number requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; color: black; width: 34%">Vote requirement </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Arizona" title="Types of ballot measures in Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_21,_Arizona_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article 21, Arizona Constitution">Article 21, Section 1 of Arizona Constitution</a></td> <td>15% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>60% for tax increase-related measures; Simple majority for other initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Arkansas" title="Types of ballot measures in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_5,_Arkansas_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article 5, Arkansas Constitution">Article 5, Section 1 of Arkansas Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_California" title="Types of ballot measures in California">California</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_California_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article II, California Constitution">Article 2, Section 8 of California Constitution</a></td> <td>8% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Colorado" title="Types of ballot measures in Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_California_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article V, California Constitution">Article 5, Section 1 of Colorado Constitution</a></td> <td>5% of votes cast in the last secretary of state election</td> <td>55% for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Florida" title="Types of ballot measures in Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_XI,_Florida_Constitution#Section_3" title="Article XI, Florida Constitution">Article 11, Section 3 of Florida Constitution</a></td> <td>8% of votes cast in the last presidential election</td> <td>60% for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Illinois" title="Types of ballot measures in Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_XIV,_Illinois_Constitution#Section_3" title="Article XIV, Illinois Constitution">Article 14, Section 3 of Illinois Constitution</a></td> <td>8% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>60% for initiated constitutional amendments or a simple majority (50%+1) of total ballots cast </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Massachusetts" title="Types of ballot measures in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td><a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">Indirect</a></td> <td><a href="/Article_XLVIII,_Amendments_to_the_Massachusetts_Constitution" title="Article XLVIII, Amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution">Article 48 of Massachusetts Constitution</a></td> <td>3% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments provided that the number of votes cast on the initiative is equal to at least 30% of total ballots cast </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Michigan" title="Types of ballot measures in Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_XII,_Michigan_Constitution#Section_2" title="Article XII, Michigan Constitution">Article 12, Section 2 of Michigan Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Mississippi" title="Types of ballot measures in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td><a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">Indirect</a></td> <td><a href="/Article_XV,_Mississippi_Constitution#Section_273" title="Article XV, Mississippi Constitution">Article 15, Section 273 of Mississippi Constitution</a></td> <td>12% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments provided that the number of votes cast on the initiative is equal to at least 40% of total ballots cast </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Missouri" title="Types of ballot measures in Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Missouri_Constitution#Section_49" title="Article III, Missouri Constitution">Article 3, Section 49 of Missouri Constitution</a></td> <td>8% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election from each of two-thirds of the state's congressional districts</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Montana" title="Types of ballot measures in Montana">Montana</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_XIV,_Montana_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article XIV, Montana Constitution">Article 14, Section 9 of Montana Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Nebraska" title="Types of ballot measures in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Nebraska_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article III, Nebraska Constitution">Article 3, Section 1 of Nebraska Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of registered voters</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments provided that the number of votes cast on the initiative is equal to at least 35% of total ballots cast </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Nevada" title="Types of ballot measures in Nevada">Nevada</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_19,_Nevada_Constitution#Section_2" title="Article 19, Nevada Constitution">Article 19, Section 2 of Nevada Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments at two successive general elections </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_North_Dakota" title="Types of ballot measures in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_North_Dakota_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article III, North Dakota Constitution">Article 3, Section 1 of North Dakota Constitution</a></td> <td>4% of the population at the last census</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Ohio" title="Types of ballot measures in Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_Ohio_Constitution#Section_1a" title="Article II, Ohio Constitution">Article 2, Section 1a of Ohio Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Oklahoma" title="Types of ballot measures in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_Oklahoma_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article V, Oklahoma Constitution">Article 5, Section 1 of Oklahoma Constitution</a></td> <td>15% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_Oregon" title="Types of ballot measures in Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Oregon_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article IV, Oregon Constitution">Article 4, Section 1 of Oregon Constitution</a></td> <td>8% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Types_of_ballot_measures_in_South_Dakota" title="Types of ballot measures in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></td> <td>Direct</td> <td><a href="/Article_XXIII,_South_Dakota_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article XXIII, South Dakota Constitution">Article 23, Section 1 of South Dakota Constitution</a></td> <td>10% of votes cast in the last gubernatorial election</td> <td>Simple majority (50%+1) for initiated constitutional amendments </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_citizen-initiated_measures_in_each_state">Types of citizen-initiated measures in each state</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/States_with_initiative_or_referendum" title="States with initiative or referendum">States with initiative or referendum</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>There are 26 states that provide citizens with the power of initiative, referendum, or both. The following table shows the type of citizen-initiated ballot measures in each of those states. The table also provides the signature requirements for each type of measure for the 2023-2024 election cycle. </p> <table class="bptable sortable" style="text-align:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" align="left" style="background-color:#424949; color: white;"><span style="font-size:110%">States that provide for types of citizen-initiated measures and current signature requirements<span style="font-size:110%"> </span></span></th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:16%"><a href="/States_with_initiative_or_referendum" title="States with initiative or referendum">State</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:12%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitutional</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:16%"><a href="/Signature_requirements_for_ballot_measures" title="Signature requirements for ballot measures">Signatures</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:12%"><a href="/Initiated_state_statute" title="Initiated state statute">Statute</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:16%"><a href="/Signature_requirements_for_ballot_measures" title="Signature requirements for ballot measures">Signatures</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:12%"><a href="/Veto_referendum" title="Veto referendum">Referendum</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCCF; width:16%"><a href="/Signature_requirements_for_ballot_measures" title="Signature requirements for ballot measures">Signatures</a> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Alaska" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Alaska">Alaska</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">26,705</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">26,705 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Arizona" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">383,923</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">255,949</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">127,975 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Arkansas" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">90,704</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">72,563</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">54,422 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_California" title="Laws governing the initiative process in California">California</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">874,641</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">546,651</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">546,651 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Colorado" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">124,238</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">124,238</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">124,238 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Florida" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Florida">Florida</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">891,589</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Idaho" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Idaho">Idaho</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">62,895</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">62,895 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Illinois" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">328,371</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Maine" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Maine">Maine</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">67,682</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">67,682 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_referendum_process_in_Maryland" title="Laws governing the referendum process in Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">60,157 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Massachusetts" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">74,490</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">74,490</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">37,245<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Michigan" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">446,198</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">356,958</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">223,099 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Mississippi" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Mississippi">Mississippi</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">106,190</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Missouri" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">171,592<sup id="cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODisclaimer-4">[4]</a></sup></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">107,246<sup id="cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODisclaimer-4">[4]</a></sup></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">107,246<sup id="cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODisclaimer-4">[4]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Montana" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Montana">Montana</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">60,359</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">30,179</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">30,179 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Nebraska" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">126,838</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">88,787</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">63,419<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws governing the initiative process in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">71,475<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Nevada" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Nevada">Nevada</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">102,362</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">135,561</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">102,362 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_North_Dakota" title="Laws governing the initiative process in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">31,164</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">15,582</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">15,582 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Ohio" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">413,487</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">248,092<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">248,093 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Oklahoma" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">172,993</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">92,263</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">57,664 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Oregon" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">156,231</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">117,173</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">78,115 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_South_Dakota" title="Laws governing the initiative process in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">35,017</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">17,508</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">17,508 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Utah" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Utah">Utah</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">134,298</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">134,298 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Washington" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Washington">Washington</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">324,516</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">162,258 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Wyoming" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></td> <td><span style="color:#FF0000"><b>No</b></span></td> <td align="right">N/A</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">29,730</td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><b>Yes</b></span></td> <td align="right">29,730 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_ballot_measures">Types of ballot measures</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballot_measure" title="Ballot measure">Ballot measure</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Most ballot measures are placed on the ballot through <a href="/Ballot_initiative" title="Ballot initiative">citizen initiatives</a> or <a href="/Legislative_referral" title="Legislative referral">legislative processes</a>. Others are placed on the ballot automatically, by a special commission, or by a state constitutional convention. The following is a list of different types of state ballot measures: </p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width:65%;border: 3px solid #E5E6E6;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 120%; padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #E5E6E6;"><b><a href="/Ballot_measure" title="Ballot measure">Types of state ballot measures</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 110%; padding: 5px;"><b><a href="/Ballot_initiative" title="Ballot initiative">Citizen-initiated ballot measure</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500">• <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Initiated constitutional amendment</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px;">• <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Direct initiated constitutional amendment</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px;">• <a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">Indirect initiated constitutional amendment</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500">• <a href="/Initiated_state_statute" title="Initiated state statute">Initiated state statute</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px;">• <a href="/Initiated_state_statute" title="Initiated state statute">Direct initiated state statute</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px;">• <a href="/Indirect_initiated_state_statute" title="Indirect initiated state statute">Indirect initiated state statute</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500">• <a href="/Combined_initiated_constitutional_amendment_and_state_statute" title="Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute">Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500">• <a href="/Veto_referendum" title="Veto referendum">Veto referendum</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #E5E6E6;">• <a href="/Statute_affirmation" title="Statute affirmation">Statute affirmation (Nevada)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 110%; padding: 5px;"><b><a href="/Legislative_referral" title="Legislative referral">Legislatively referred ballot measure</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_constitutional_amendment" title="Legislatively referred constitutional amendment">Legislatively referred constitutional amendment</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_state_statute" title="Legislatively referred state statute">Legislatively referred state statute</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Legislatively_referred_bond_measure" title="Legislatively referred bond measure">Legislatively referred bond measure</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #E5E6E6;">• <a href="/Advisory_question" title="Advisory question">Advisory question</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 110%; padding: 5px;"><b>Other type of state ballot measure</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Automatic_ballot_referral" title="Automatic ballot referral">Automatic ballot referral</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 60px;">• <a href="/Constitutional_convention_question" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention question">Constitutional convention question</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Commission-referred_ballot_measure" title="Commission-referred ballot measure">Commission-referred ballot measure</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px; padding-left: 30px; font-weight: 500;">• <a href="/Convention-referred_constitutional_amendment" title="Convention-referred constitutional amendment">Convention-referred constitutional amendment</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Forms_of_direct_democracy_in_the_American_states" title="Forms of direct democracy in the American states">Forms of direct democracy in the American states</a></li> <li><a href="/States_with_initiative_or_referendum" title="States with initiative or referendum">States with initiative or referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_measure" title="Ballot measure">Types of ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_initiative" title="Ballot initiative">Types of citizen-initiated ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">Indirect initiated constitutional amendment</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://courts.ms.gov/Images/Opinions/CO154253.pdf"><i>Mississippi Supreme Court</i>, "In Re Initiative Measure No. 65: Mayor Mary Hawkins Butler V Michael Watson, in His Official Capacity as Secretary of State for the State of Mississippi," May 14, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This was the number of signatures required to put a targeted law before voters. To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement was 49,660 valid signatures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">On May 14, 2021, the Mississippi Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision stating that it is impossible for any petition to meet the state's distribution requirement and has been impossible since congressional reapportionment in 2001. The six justices wrote, "... Whether with intent, by oversight, or for some other reason, the drafters of [the constitutional signature distribution requirement] wrote a ballot initiative process that cannot work in a world where Mississippi has fewer than five representatives in Congress. To work in today’s reality, it will need amending—something that lies beyond the power of the Supreme Court."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MODisclaimer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MODisclaimer_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the minimum required if signatures are collected in the congressional districts with the lowest numbers of votes cast in 2020. The signature requirement varies based on what districts are targeted for signature collection. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement is 126,838 valid signatures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This was the number of signatures required to put a targeted law before voters. To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement was 178,689 valid signatures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the requirement for two rounds of signatures to get an initiated statute on the ballot; half the number of signatures—124,046—is required to place the initiative before the legislature.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#F8F8F8;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#F8F8F8;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:New_election_policy_HNT" title="Template:New election policy HNT"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:New_election_policy_HNT&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#F8F8F8;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Ballot_measure" title="Ballot measure">Types of ballot measures</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Ballot_initiative" title="Ballot initiative">Initiatives</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Initiated constitutional amendment</a> • <a href="/Indirect_initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Indirect initiated constitutional amendment">Indirect initiated constitutional amendment</a> • <a href="/Initiated_state_statute" title="Initiated state statute">Initiated state statute</a> • <a href="/Indirect_initiated_state_statute" title="Indirect initiated state statute">Indirect initiated state statute</a> • <a href="/Combined_initiated_constitutional_amendment_and_state_statute" title="Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute">Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute</a> • <a href="/Veto_referendum" title="Veto referendum">Veto referendum</a> • <a href="/Statute_affirmation" title="Statute affirmation">Statute affirmation (Nevada)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Legislative_referral" title="Legislative referral">Referrals</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; 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