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style="display:none;" ></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading page-header" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</span></span></h1>  <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Ballotpedia</div> <div id="contentSub" ></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table style="width:100%; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; background-color:#efefef;box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr><td width="10%" rowspan="2"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Elections" title="Elections"><img alt="Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge-smaller use.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f8/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png/60px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f8/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png/90px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f8/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png/120px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge-smaller_use.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="432" /></a></div></div></td> <td width="80%"><div id="state-elections-header"><a href="/Nebraska_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska elections, 2024">Nebraska 2024 elections</a></div><hr style="background-color:#f0a236;" /><a href="/United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska,_2024" title="United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2024">U.S. Senate</a> • <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska,_2024" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska, 2024">U.S. House</a> • <a href="/United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Nebraska,_2024" title="United States Senate special election in Nebraska, 2024">Congressional special elections</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_state_executive_official_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska state executive official elections, 2024">State executive offices</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_State_Senate_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska State Senate elections, 2024">State Senate</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_Supreme_Court_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska Supreme Court elections, 2024">Supreme court</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">State ballot measures</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_2024_local_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 local ballot measures">Local ballot measures</a> • <a href="/Nebraska_school_board_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska school board elections, 2024">School boards</a> • <a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2024#Nebraska" title="United States municipal elections, 2024">Municipal</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Nebraska#2024" title="Recall campaigns in Nebraska">Recalls</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Nebraska" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Nebraska">How to run for office</a></td> <td width="10%" rowspan="2"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Nebraska_elections,_2024" title="Nebraska elections, 2024"><img alt="Flag of Nebraska.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/60px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/90px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/120px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table class="infobox" style="width:20%; background:#F6F6F6; font-size:100%; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; padding-top: 0.28em; padding-bottom: 0.28em; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0; color:white; font-size:130%;">Nebraska Initiative 439</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px"><a href="/List_of_Nebraska_ballot_measures" title="List of Nebraska ballot measures"><img alt="Flag of Nebraska.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/162px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="97" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/243px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Nebraska.png/324px-Flag_of_Nebraska.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:115%"><b>Election date</b></span><br /><a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">November 5, 2024</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:115%"><b>Topic</b></span><br /><a href="/Abortion_on_the_ballot" title="Abortion on the ballot">Abortion</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:115%"><b>Status</b></span><br /><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span> <i>Defeated</i></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; border: 0px;"><span style="font-size:100%"><b>Type</b></span><br /><a href="/Initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Initiated constitutional amendment">Constitutional amendment</a></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; border: 0px;"><span style="font-size:100%"><b>Origin</b></span><br /><a href="/Initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Initiated constitutional amendment">Citizens</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nebraska Initiative 439</b>, the <b>Right to Abortion Initiative</b>, was on the <a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">ballot</a> in <a href="/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> as an <a href="/Initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Initiated constitutional amendment">initiated constitutional amendment</a> on <a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">November 5, 2024</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoS-2">[2]</a></sup> The ballot measure was <b>defeated</b>. </p> <table style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #007F00; background: #fbfbfb;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><p>A "<strong>yes</strong>" vote <u>supported</u> amending the state constitution to establish a right to abortion until fetal viability.</p></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #BF0000; background: #fbfbfb;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><p>A "<strong>no</strong>" vote <u>opposed</u> amending the state constitution to establish a right to abortion until fetal viability.</p></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p> </p><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0'); }); </script> </div><div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050" class="publirAds"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050") {googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050");} });});</script></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Election_results"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Election results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#What_would_the_amendment_have_done?"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">What would the amendment have done?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#How_did_this_measure_relate_to_Initiative_434?"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">How did this measure relate to Initiative 434?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#What_was_the_status_of_abortion_in_Nebraska?"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">What was the status of abortion in Nebraska?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#What_states_have_decided_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2022_and_2023?"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">What states have decided on abortion ballot measures in 2022 and 2023?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#What_states_voted_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2024?"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">What states voted on abortion ballot measures in 2024?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Text_of_measure"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Text of measure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Ballot_title"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ballot title</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Ballot_summary"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ballot summary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Object_statement"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Object statement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Constitutional_changes"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional changes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Readability_score"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Readability score</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Support"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Support</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Supporters"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supporters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Arguments"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Arguments</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Opposition"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Opposition</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Opponents"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Opponents</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Arguments_2"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Arguments</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Campaign_finance"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign finance</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Support_2"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Support</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Donors"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Donors</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Opposition_2"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opposition</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Donors_2"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Donors</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Methodology"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Methodology</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Polls"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Polls</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Status_of_abortion_in_Nebraska"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Status of abortion in Nebraska</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#U.S._Supreme_Court_rulings_on_abortion"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. Supreme Court rulings on abortion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women’s_Health_Organization_(2022)"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization</i> (2022)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Roe_v._Wade_(1973)"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Roe v. Wade</i> (1973)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Abortion_regulations_by_state"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Abortion regulations by state</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#History_of_abortion_ballot_measures"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">History of abortion ballot measures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#State_constitutional_rights_and_abortion-related_ballot_measures"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">State constitutional rights and abortion-related ballot measures</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Constitutional_rights"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional rights</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Constitutional_interpretation"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional interpretation</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Path_to_the_ballot"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Path to the ballot</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#The_state_process"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">The state process</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Details_about_this_initiative"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Details about this initiative</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Lawsuit"><span class="tocnumber">9.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lawsuit</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#How_to_cast_a_vote"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">How to cast a vote</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Poll_times"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Poll times</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Registration"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Registration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Automatic_registration"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Automatic registration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Online_registration"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Online registration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Same-day_registration"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Same-day registration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Residency_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">10.6</span> <span class="toctext">Residency requirements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Verification_of_citizenship"><span class="tocnumber">10.7</span> <span class="toctext">Verification of citizenship</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Verifying_your_registration"><span class="tocnumber">10.8</span> <span class="toctext">Verifying your registration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Voter_ID_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">10.9</span> <span class="toctext">Voter ID requirements</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_results">Election results</span></h2> <p><i><b>See also: <a href="/Results_for_abortion-related_ballot_measures,_2024" title="Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024">Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024</a></b></i> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px #aaa solid;border-collapse: collapse;font-size: 95%; max-width:500px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;background-color:#E9E9E9;"> <th colspan="5"> <p> Nebraska Initiative 439 </p> </th> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#00008B; color: white;" align="center"> <td colspan="2" style="width: 17em;">Result</td> <td style="width: 5em;">Votes</td> <td style="width: 7em;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Yes</td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em;">455,184</td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em;">49.01%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p> <a title="Defeated"> <img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> </a> <b>No</b> </p> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em;"><b>473,652</b></td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em;"><b>50.99%</b></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd style="font-size: 0.8em;">Results are officially <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/How_and_when_are_election_results_finalized%3F_(2020)">certified</a>.</dd> <dd><a style="font-size: 0.8em;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/elections/2024/2024%20General%20Canvass%20Book.pdf">Source</a> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h2> <h3><span id="What_would_the_amendment_have_done.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_would_the_amendment_have_done?">What would the amendment have done?</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="#Text_of_measure">Text of measure</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The measure would have amended <a href="/Article_I,_Nebraska_Constitution" title="Article I, Nebraska Constitution">Article I of the Nebraska Constitution</a> to add a new section providing a right to abortion until fetal viability, defined as "the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient's treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside of the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures."<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>As of 2024, abortion was illegal after 12 weeks post-fertilization.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="How_did_this_measure_relate_to_Initiative_434.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_did_this_measure_relate_to_Initiative_434?">How did this measure relate to Initiative 434?</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Voters in Nebraska decided on <a href="/Superseding_initiative" title="Superseding initiative">competing ballot measures</a> on abortion. Voters approved <a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Initiative 434</a>, which prohibited abortions after the first trimester, except for medical emergencies or cases related to rape or incest. Voters defeated <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Initiative 439</a>, which would have established a "fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient." </p><p>Secretary of State <a href="/Bob_Evnen" title="Bob Evnen">Bob Evnen</a> (R) said, "[T]his November general election ballot will host two ballot measures that appear in direct conflict with each other, which could be the first time this has happened in Nebraska’s history." He said Gov. <a href="/Jim_Pillen" title="Jim Pillen">Jim Pillen</a> (R) would have been responsible for determining whether there was a conflict if both passed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> </p><p>The competing measures were also significant because this was the <a href="/History_of_abortion_ballot_measures" title="History of abortion ballot measures">first time</a> voters anywhere decided on conflicting abortion-related ballot measures on the same ballot. </p> <h3><span id="What_was_the_status_of_abortion_in_Nebraska.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_was_the_status_of_abortion_in_Nebraska?">What was the status of abortion in Nebraska?</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="#Background">Background</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In Nebraska as of 2024, abortion was banned after 12 weeks of pregnancy. The law banning abortion after 12 weeks, LB 574, was signed by Gov. Jim Pillen (R) on May 22, 2023. Exceptions included saving the life of the mother, preventing serious risk to the physical health of the mother, and if the pregnancy was a result of rape and/or incest.<sup id="cite_ref-lb574_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb574-5">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="What_states_have_decided_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2022_and_2023.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_states_have_decided_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2022_and_2023?">What states have decided on abortion ballot measures in 2022 and 2023?</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="#History_of_abortion_ballot_measures">History of abortion ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <i><a href="/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%E2%80%99s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization">Dobbs. v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i> that there is no federal constitutional right to abortion and overturned <i><a href="/Roe_v._Wade_(1973)" title="Roe v. Wade (1973)">Roe. v. Wade</a></i>, placing many abortion policy decisions with the states. From 2022 to 2023, seven ballot measures addressing abortion have been on the ballot, with 2022 having the highest number of abortion ballot measures on record in a single year. Four measures—in <a href="/Vermont_Proposal_5,_Right_to_Personal_Reproductive_Autonomy_Amendment_(2022)" title="Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)">Vermont</a>, <a href="/Michigan_Proposal_3,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2022)" title="Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)">Michigan</a>, and <a href="/California_Proposition_1,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2022)" title="California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)">California</a> in 2022, and <a href="/Ohio_Issue_1,_Right_to_Make_Reproductive_Decisions_Including_Abortion_Initiative_(2023)" title="Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)">Ohio</a> in 2023— were sponsored by campaigns that described themselves as <i>pro-choice</i> and created state constitutional rights to abortion. All four measures were approved. Three measures—in <a href="/Kansas_No_State_Constitutional_Right_to_Abortion_and_Legislative_Power_to_Regulate_Abortion_Amendment_(August_2022)" title="Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)">Kansas</a>, <a href="/Kentucky_Constitutional_Amendment_2,_No_Right_to_Abortion_in_Constitution_Amendment_(2022)" title="Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)">Kentucky</a>, and <a href="/Montana_LR-131,_Medical_Care_Requirements_for_Born-Alive_Infants_Measure_(2022)" title="Montana LR-131, Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure (2022)">Montana</a>— were sponsored by campaigns describing themselves as <i>pro-life</i> and were designed to explicitly provide that there is no right to abortion in the state constitution. All three were defeated. </p> <h3><span id="What_states_voted_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2024.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_states_voted_on_abortion_ballot_measures_in_2024?">What states voted on abortion ballot measures in 2024?</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/2023_and_2024_abortion-related_ballot_measures" title="2023 and 2024 abortion-related ballot measures">2023 and 2024 abortion-related ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2024: </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">State </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">Date </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:20%">Measure </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:60%">Description </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:5%">Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Arizona_2024_ballot_measures" title="Arizona 2024 ballot measures">Arizona</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Arizona_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>• Establishes the <i>fundamental right to abortion</i> that the state of Arizona may not interfere with before the point of <i>fetal viability</i></td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Colorado_2024_ballot_measures" title="Colorado 2024 ballot measures">Colorado</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Colorado_Amendment_79,_Right_to_Abortion_and_Health_Insurance_Coverage_Initiative_(2024)" title="Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)">Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>• Provide a constitutional right to abortion in the state constitution and allow the use of public funds for abortion</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Florida_2024_ballot_measures" title="Florida 2024 ballot measures">Florida</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Florida_Amendment_4,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Florida Amendment 4</a></td> <td>• Provide a constitutional right to abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's healthcare provider</td> <td><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Maryland_2024_ballot_measures" title="Maryland 2024 ballot measures">Maryland</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Maryland_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)">Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment</a></td> <td>• Amend the <a href="/Maryland_Constitution" title="Maryland Constitution">Maryland Constitution</a> to establish a right to <i>reproductive freedom</i>, defined to include "decisions to prevent, continue, or end one's own pregnancy"</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Missouri_2024_ballot_measures" title="Missouri 2024 ballot measures">Missouri</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Missouri_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)">Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment</a></td> <td>• Amend the Missouri Constitution to provide the <i>right for reproductive freedom</i>, and provide that the state legislature may enact laws that regulate abortion after <i>fetal viability</i></td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Montana_2024_ballot_measures" title="Montana 2024 ballot measures">Montana</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Montana_CI-128,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>• Amend the Montana Constitution to provide a state constitutional "right to make and carry out decisions about one’s own pregnancy, including the right to abortion"</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">Nebraska</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Nebraska_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment</a></td> <td>• Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "unborn children shall be protected from abortion in the second and third trimesters"</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures">Nebraska</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Nebraska_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>• Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability"</td> <td><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/New_York_2024_ballot_measures" title="New York 2024 ballot measures">New York</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/New_York_Equal_Protection_of_Law_Amendment_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)">Equal Protection of Law Amendment</a></td> <td>• Add language to the New York Bill of Rights to provide that people cannot be denied rights based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy."</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nevada_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nevada 2024 ballot measures">Nevada</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/Nevada_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>• Establish the constitutional right to an abortion, providing for the state to regulate abortion after <i>fetal viability</i>, except where medically indicated to protect the life, physical health, or mental health of the pregnant woman.</td> <td><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/South_Dakota_2024_ballot_measures" title="South Dakota 2024 ballot measures">South Dakota</a></td> <td><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">Nov. 5, 2024</a></td> <td><a href="/South_Dakota_Constitutional_Amendment_G,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Constitutional Amendment G</a></td> <td>• Provide a trimester framework for regulating abortion in the South Dakota Constitution</td> <td><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1610395138232-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1610395138232-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Text_of_measure">Text of measure</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ballot_title">Ballot title</span></h3> <p>The ballot title for Initiative 439 was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Shall the Nebraska Constitution be amended to include a new section which provides: 'All persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient, without interference from the state or its political subdivisions. Fetal viability means the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient’s treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus’ sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.' <p>[ ] For </p><p>[ ] Against<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ballot_summary">Ballot summary</span></h3> <p>The ballot summary for Initiative 439 was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">A vote 'FOR' will amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient, without interference from the state or its political subdivisions. Fetal viability is defined as the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient’s treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus’ sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures. <p><br /> A vote 'AGAINST' will not amend the Nebraska Constitution in such manner.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Object_statement">Object statement</span></h3> <p>The object statement on the circulating petition was:<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">The object of this petition is to amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide all persons the fundamental right to abortion without interference from the state or its political subdivisions until fetal viability, which is the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient's health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures; or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-6">[6]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Constitutional_changes">Constitutional changes</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Article_I,_Nebraska_Constitution" title="Article I, Nebraska Constitution">Article I, Nebraska Constitution</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The ballot measure would have added a Section 31 to <a href="/Article_I,_Nebraska_Constitution" title="Article I, Nebraska Constitution">Article I</a> of the <a href="/Nebraska_Constitution" title="Nebraska Constitution">Nebraska Constitution</a>. The following <u>underlined</u> text would have been added:<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table style="width: auto; background:#FFFDD0; margin-top:.1em; border:.5px solid #cccccc; solid;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"><u>All persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient, without interference from the state or its political subdivisions. Fetal viability means the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient's treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.</u><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-6">[6]</a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Readability_score">Readability score</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballot_measure_readability_scores,_2024" title="Ballot measure readability scores, 2024">Ballot measure readability scores, 2024</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Using the <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline tooltipstered" data-simple-tooltip="<p>The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) score gives a score designed to be equivalent to the estimated number of years of U.S. formal education required to understand a text (e.g., 9 for a U.S. 9th grade student).</p>">Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL)</span> and <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline tooltipstered" data-simple-tooltip="<p>The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formula gives a score from negative numbers up to 100, with the highest score (100) representing a 5th-grade equivalent reading level and more difficult reading levels resulting in lower scores. A score of 0 was designed to represent a college graduate reading level, with negative scores representing difficulty above that.</p>">Flesch Reading Ease (FRE)</span> formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The attorney general wrote the ballot language for this measure.</p> <p>The <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_measure_readability_scores,_2024#Flesch-Kincaid_Grade_Level">FKGL</a> for the ballot title is grade level 15, and the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_measure_readability_scores,_2024#Flesch Reading Ease">FRE</a> is 26. The word count for the ballot title is 88.</p> <p>The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 19, and the FRE is 18. The word count for the ballot summary is 98.</p> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Support">Support</span></h2> <p><b>Protect Our Rights</b> led the campaign supporting Initiative 439. Protect Our Rights also led the campaign to oppose <a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Initiative 434</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Supporters">Supporters</span></h3> <p><style> .ballot-measure-endorsements p { display: inline; } .ballot-measure-endorsements td { width: 35% !important;} .endorsements-header { margin-top: 10px !important; margin-bottom: 5px !important; } .ballot-measure-endorsements ul { margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; } .split-cols-bm { columns: 2; -webkit-columns: 2; -moz-columns: 2; } @media screen and (max-width: 792px) { .split-cols-bm { columns: 1; -webkit-columns: 1; -moz-columns: 1; } } </style> </p> <h4 class="endorsements-header">Former Officials</h4> <ul> <li> New York City Mayor <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> (D) <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> <h4 class="endorsements-header">Organizations</h4> <ul class="split-cols-bm"> <li> ACLU of Nebraska <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Ballot Initiative Strategy Center <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicSite/SearchPages/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Black in Action Collective <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Freedom From Religion Foundation <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Hopewell Fund <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Nebraska Appleseed <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Nebraska Civic Engagement Table <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> New Venture Fund <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Planned Parenthood Action Fund <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Planned Parenthood Advocates of Nebraska <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Reproductive Freedom For All <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Second House Collaborative <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/The_Fairness_Project"> The Fairness Project </a> <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Think Big America <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Women's Fund of Omaha <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/home/#about-us"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Arguments">Arguments</span></h3> <p><style> .arguments-bm-widget { width: 100%; } .arguments-bm-widget li { margin-bottom: 10px; } </style> </p> <div class="arguments-bm-widget" data-nosnippet=""> <ul> <li><b>Protect Our Rights:</b> "There are many reasons why someone may make the deeply personal decision to have an abortion. Most Nebraskans agree that the government should not be involved in personal decisions that are better left to patients, their faith, and their health care providers. Nebraskans deserve the right to make their own decisions about pregnancy and abortion." <sup><a href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Opposition">Opposition</span></h2> <p><b>Protect Women and Children</b> led the campaign opposing Initiative 439. Protect Women and Children also led the campaign to support <a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Initiative 434</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Opponents">Opponents</span></h3> <p><style> .ballot-measure-endorsements p { display: inline; } .ballot-measure-endorsements td { width: 35% !important;} .endorsements-header { margin-top: 10px !important; margin-bottom: 5px !important; } .ballot-measure-endorsements ul { margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; } .split-cols-bm { columns: 2; -webkit-columns: 2; -moz-columns: 2; } @media screen and (max-width: 792px) { .split-cols-bm { columns: 1; -webkit-columns: 1; -moz-columns: 1; } } </style> </p> <h4 class="endorsements-header">Officials</h4> <ul> <li> U.S. Sen. <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Deb_Fischer">Deb Fischer</a> (R) <sup><a href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/pillen-rallies-abortion-opponents-at-nebraska-walk-for-life-to-fight-against-abortion-ballot-initiative/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> U.S. Sen. <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Pete_Ricketts">Pete Ricketts</a> (R) <sup><a href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/pillen-rallies-abortion-opponents-at-nebraska-walk-for-life-to-fight-against-abortion-ballot-initiative/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Gov. <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jim_Pillen">Jim Pillen</a> (R) <sup><a href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/pillen-rallies-abortion-opponents-at-nebraska-walk-for-life-to-fight-against-abortion-ballot-initiative/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> State Sen. <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Tanya_Storer">Tanya Storer</a> (Nonpartisan) <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicSite/SearchPages/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> University of Nebraska Board Regent <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Robert_Schafer">Robert Schafer</a> (Nonpartisan) <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicSite/SearchPages/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> University of Nebraska Board Regent <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jim_Scheer">Jim Scheer</a> (Nonpartisan) <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> <h4 class="endorsements-header">Organizations</h4> <ul> <li> Common Sense Nebraska <sup><a href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicMaster.master"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Nebraska Family Alliance <sup><a href="https://nebraskafamilyalliance.org/protectwomenandchildren/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Nebraska Right to Life <sup><a href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/pillen-rallies-abortion-opponents-at-nebraska-walk-for-life-to-fight-against-abortion-ballot-initiative/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Priests for Life <sup><a href="https://www.priestsforlife.org/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li> Students for Life <sup><a href="https://www.studentsforlifeaction.org/get-your-ballot-initiative-decoder-ring-because-abortion-is-on-the-ballot-the-top-pro-life-ballot-initiatives-for-the-november-2024-elections/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Arguments_2">Arguments</span></h3> <p><style> .arguments-bm-widget { width: 100%; } .arguments-bm-widget li { margin-bottom: 10px; } </style> </p> <div class="arguments-bm-widget" data-nosnippet=""> <ul> <li><b>U.S. Sen. Pete Ricketts (R):</b> "We must continue to lay the ground for a society in which abortion is not an accepted answer to an unwanted pregnancy… We can say the line is drawn here and no further." <sup><a href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/pillen-rallies-abortion-opponents-at-nebraska-walk-for-life-to-fight-against-abortion-ballot-initiative/"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> <li><b>Catherine Brooks, neonatal pediatrician:</b> "As a doctor, I want compassionate, clear, scientific standards of care. As a mom, I want to keep the government out of the relationship between a woman and her physician. Initiative 439 pretends to protect our rights but it does the opposite. It lets government officials interfere in medical decisions and takes care out of the hands of licensed physicians, when women in crisis need them most." <sup><a href="https://www.vox.com/2024-elections/377639/nebraska-abortion-ballot-measure-trimester-ban-election-reproductive-freedom"><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></sup></li> </ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign_finance">Campaign finance</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Campaign_finance_requirements_for_Nebraska_ballot_measures" title="Campaign finance requirements for Nebraska ballot measures">Campaign finance requirements for Nebraska ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="border:solid 1.5px #f0a236; background-color:white; padding:10px"><center>The campaign finance information on this page reflects the most <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Campaign finance report filing deadlines vary by state. Scheduled deadlines are usually based on periodic requirements—such as monthly or quarterly reports—or certain lengths of time before and after elections. Some states require interim reports in response to contributions of a certain size in addition to scheduled reports. It is not uncommon for reports to be filed late for a given campaign finance deadline. </p>">recent scheduled reports that Ballotpedia has processed</span>, which covered through <b>December 31, 2024</b>.</center></div><p><br /> </p><p><b>Protect Our Rights</b> registered as a political action committee (PAC) to support Initiative 439 and oppose <a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_434,_Prohibit_Abortions_After_the_First_Trimester_Amendment_(2024)" title="Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)">Initiative 434</a>. <b>Protect Women & Children</b> registered as a PAC to oppose Initiative 439 and support Initiative 434. <sup id="cite_ref-finance_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p><style> </p> <pre> .sbtotaltable { width: 50%; } .sbtotaltable th { font-size:1.2em; } .sbtotaltable td { text-align:center; } .sbtotalheader { background-color: black !important; color:white !important; font-size:1.0em; font-weight:bold; } .sbtotaltotal { font-weight:bold; } </style> </p><table class="cftable bptable"> <tbody><tr style="border-top: 1px solid #E6E6E6;"> <th width="15%" style="font-size:1.10em"></th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">Cash Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em">In-Kind Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;font-weight:bold">Total Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em">Cash Expenditures</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em">Total Expenditures</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Support</td> <td style="text-align:center">$12,935,936.35</td> <td style="text-align:center">$2,962,655.61</td> <td style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold; background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$15,898,591.96</td> <td style="text-align:center">$10,511,165.90</td> <td style="text-align:center">$13,473,821.51</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Oppose</td> <td style="text-align:center">$7,742,302.32</td> <td style="text-align:center">$4,974,819.53</td> <td style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold; background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$12,717,121.85</td> <td style="text-align:center">$7,736,555.06</td> <td style="text-align:center">$12,711,374.59</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">Total</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$20,678,238.67</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$7,937,475.14</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white;font-weight:bold;">$28,615,713.81</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$18,247,720.96</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$26,185,196.10</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_2">Support</span></h3> <p>The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committees in support of the measure.<sup id="cite_ref-finance_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p><style> </p> <pre> .sbtotaltable { width: 50%; } .sbtotaltable th { font-size:1.2em; } .sbtotaltable td { text-align:center; } .sbtotalheader { background-color: black !important; color:white !important; font-size:1.0em; font-weight:bold; } .sbtotaltotal { font-weight:bold; } </style> </p><table class="cftable bptable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Committees in support of Initiative 439 </th> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Committee</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Cash Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">In-Kind Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Total Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Cash Expenditures</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Total Expenditures</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Protect Our Rights</td> <td style="text-align:center">$12,935,936.35</td> <td style="text-align:center">$2,962,655.61</td> <td style="text-align:center">$15,898,591.96</td> <td style="text-align:center">$10,511,165.90</td> <td style="text-align:center">$13,473,821.51</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">Total</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$12,935,936.35</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$2,962,655.61</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$15,898,591.96</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$10,511,165.90</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$13,473,821.51</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Donors">Donors</span></h4> <p>The following were the top donors who contributed to the support committees.<sup id="cite_ref-finance_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <table class="cftable bptable"> <tbody><tr style="border-top: 1px solid #E6E6E6;"> <th width="30%" style="font-size:1.10em; text-align: center">Donor</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">Cash Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">In-Kind Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">Total Contributions</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">New Venture Fund</td> <td style="text-align:center">$2,000,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$2,000,000.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">The Fairness Project</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,500,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$290,617.95</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,790,617.95</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Planned Parenthood Advocates of Nebraska</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,507,500.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$180,113.45</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,687,613.45</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Ashlei for Nebraska</td> <td style="text-align:center">$765,814.96</td> <td style="text-align:center">$765,814.96</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,531,629.92</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Michael Bloomberg</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,500,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,500,000.00</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Opposition_2">Opposition</span></h3> <p>The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to the measure.<sup id="cite_ref-finance_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p><style> </p> <pre> .sbtotaltable { width: 50%; } .sbtotaltable th { font-size:1.2em; } .sbtotaltable td { text-align:center; } .sbtotalheader { background-color: black !important; color:white !important; font-size:1.0em; font-weight:bold; } .sbtotaltotal { font-weight:bold; } </style> </p><table class="cftable bptable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Committees in opposition to Initiative 439 </th> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Committee</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Cash Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">In-Kind Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Total Contributions</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Cash Expenditures</td> <td style="font-size:1.10em; font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Total Expenditures</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Protect Women & Children</td> <td style="text-align:center">$7,742,302.32</td> <td style="text-align:center">$4,974,819.53</td> <td style="text-align:center">$12,717,121.85</td> <td style="text-align:center">$7,736,555.06</td> <td style="text-align:center">$12,711,374.59</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">Total</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$7,742,302.32</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$4,974,819.53</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$12,717,121.85</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$7,736,555.06</td> <td style="font-weight:bold;text-align:center;background-color:#0645AD; color:white">$12,711,374.59</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Donors_2">Donors</span></h4> <p>The following were the top donors who contributed to the opposition committee.<sup id="cite_ref-finance_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <table class="cftable bptable"> <tbody><tr style="border-top: 1px solid #E6E6E6;"> <th width="30%" style="font-size:1.10em; text-align: center">Donor</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">Cash Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">In-Kind Contributions</th> <th style="font-size:1.10em;text-align:center">Total Contributions</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Marlene Ricketts</td> <td style="text-align:center">$4,000,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$4,000,000.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Jim Scheer for Regent</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$3,242,455.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$3,242,455.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Pete Ricketts</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,115,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,115,000.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Common Sense Nebraska</td> <td style="text-align:center">$245,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$820,616.13</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,065,616.13</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">Shawn Peed</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,050,000.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$0.00</td> <td style="text-align:center">$1,050,000.00</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Methodology">Methodology</span></h3> <p>To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, <a href="/Campaign_finance_methodology" title="Campaign finance methodology">click here</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Polls">Polls</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/2024_ballot_measure_polls" title="2024 ballot measure polls">2024 ballot measure polls</a></i></dd> <dd><small><i>Are you aware of a poll on this ballot measure that should be included below? You can share ballot measure polls, along with source links, with us at <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:editor@ballotpedia.org">editor@ballotpedia.org</a>.</i></small></dd></dl></dd></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #424949" cellpadding="6px" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:white;background-color:#444;" colspan="7"><b>Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)</b></th> </tr> <tr> <td width="17%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Poll</b></center></td> <td width="21%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Dates</b></center></td> <td width="13%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Sample size</b></center></td> <td width="13%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Margin of error</b></center></td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Support</b></center></td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Oppose</b></center></td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#C8CCD0;"><center><b>Undecided</b></center></td> </tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr></tbody></table><table style="border:0.5px solid #424949" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" width="17%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jySvitJYMHZnf21NG3Ri9Zv6r5vPvf4J/view">Emerson College Polling</a></td> <td width="21%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">9/26/24-10/2/24</td> <td width="13%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">1000 RV</td> <td width="13%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">± 3%</td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">44%</td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">40%</td> <td width="12%" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6">16%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#FAFAFA; border:0.50px solid #E6E6E6"><small><i>Question</i>: "On the ballot measure to provide for a state constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability, would you vote yes, in favor of the constitutional right to abortion or no, in opposition?"</small></td> </tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><i>Note</i>: LV is likely voters, RV is registered voters, and EV is eligible voters.</small> </p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Status_of_abortion_in_Nebraska">Status of abortion in Nebraska</span></h3> <p>In Nebraska, as of 2024, abortion was banned after 12 weeks of pregnancy. This law went into effect when Gov. Jim Pillen (R) signed LB 574 into law on May 22, 2023. Exceptions after 12 weeks of pregnancy included saving the life of the mother, preventing serious risk to the physical health of the mother, and if the pregnancy was a result of rape and/or incest.<sup id="cite_ref-lb574_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb574-5">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._Supreme_Court_rulings_on_abortion">U.S. Supreme Court rulings on abortion</span></h3> <h4><span id="Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women.E2.80.99s_Health_Organization_.282022.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women’s_Health_Organization_(2022)"><i>Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization</i> (2022)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%E2%80%99s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In 2018, Jackson Women’s Health Organization, a clinic and abortion facility in <a href="/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%E2%80%99s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization">challenged the constitutionality of the "Gestational Age Act"</a> in federal court. The newly-enacted law prohibited abortions after the fifteenth week of pregnancy except in cases of medical emergencies or fetal abnormalities. The <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi">U.S. district court</a> granted <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Refers to a judgment granted on a claim about which there is no genuine issue of fact and to which the party moving for judgment prevails as a matter of law. </p>">summary judgment</span> in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the law was unconstitutional, and put a permanent stop to the law's enforcement. On appeal, the <a href="/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_5th_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit">5th Circuit</a> <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>The action of an appellate court confirming a lower court's decision. </p>">affirmed</span> the district court's ruling. <a href="#Background">Click here</a> to learn more about the case's background. On May 17, 2021, the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> agreed to hear the case.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p><p>On June 24, 2022, in a 5-4 vote, the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> found there was no constitutional right to abortion and overruled <i>Roe v. Wade</i> (1973) and <i>Planned Parenthood v. Casey</i> (1992). In a 6-3 ruling, the court upheld Mississippi's abortion law at issue in the case. <i>Roe v. Wade</i> found that state laws criminalizing abortion prior to fetal viability violated the Due Process Clause of the <a href="/Fourteenth_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth Amendment">Fourteenth Amendment</a> of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>. In <i>Planned Parenthood v. Casey</i>, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the essential holding of <i>Roe v. Wade</i> but rejected the trimester framework established in the case. The high court affirmed that states could not ban abortions before fetal viability. </p> <h4><span id="Roe_v._Wade_.281973.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Roe_v._Wade_(1973)"><i>Roe v. Wade</i> (1973)</span></h4> <p>In 1973, the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> issued its ruling in <i>Roe v. Wade</i>, finding that state laws criminalizing abortion prior to fetal viability violated the Due Process Clause of the <a href="/Fourteenth_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth Amendment">Fourteenth Amendment</a> of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>. The high court held that states can regulate and/or prohibit abortions (except those to preserve the life or health of the mother) once a fetus reaches the point of viability. <i>Roe v. Wade</i> defined fetal viability as "the interim point at which the fetus becomes 'viable,' that is, potentially able to live outside the mother's womb, albeit with artificial aid." The high court further noted that "viability is usually placed at about seven months (28 weeks) but may occur earlier, even at 24 weeks."<sup id="cite_ref-rowwade_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowwade-11">[11]</a></sup> </p><p>The ruling established a strict trimester framework to guide state abortion policies. States, according to this framework, were prohibited from banning or regulating abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. During the second trimester, states were permitted to regulate abortion to protect the mother's health. During the third trimester, states were allowed to ban abortion, except in cases where an abortion is needed to preserve the life or health of the mother.<sup id="cite_ref-rowwade_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowwade-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Abortion_regulations_by_state">Abortion regulations by state</span></h3> <p>As of January 3, 2025, 41 states restricted abortions after a certain point in pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> The remaining nine states and Washington, D.C., did not. Of the 41 states with established thresholds for restrictions on abortion: </p> <ul><li>Thirteen states restrict abortion after conception</li> <li>Four states restrict abortion at six weeks post-fertilization</li> <li>Two states restrict abortion at 12 weeks post-fertilization</li> <li>Zero states restrict abortion at 15 weeks post-fertilization</li> <li>One state restricts abortion at 18 weeks since the last menstrual period</li> <li>Three states restrict abortion at 20 weeks post-fertilization or 22 weeks after the last menstrual period</li> <li>Four states restrict abortion at 24 weeks since the last menstrual period</li> <li>Thirteen states restrict abortion at fetal viability</li> <li>One state restricts abortion in the third trimester</li></ul> <p>The map and table below give more details on state laws restricting abortion based on the stage of pregnancy. Hover over the footnotes in the table for information on legislation pending legal challenges or otherwise not yet in effect. </p><p>Some of the terms that are used to describe states' thresholds for abortion restriction include the following: </p> <ol><li><b>Conception:</b> This threshold prohibits all abortions after conception, although some states provide exceptions if the woman's life or health is threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Fetal heartbeat:</b> This threshold restricts abortions after a fetal heartbeat can be detected, which may begin six weeks after the last menstrual period.<sup id="cite_ref-kaiser_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaiser-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Fetal viability:</b> In <i>Roe v. Wade</i>, SCOTUS defined fetal viability. The Supreme Court further noted that "viability is usually placed at about seven months (28 weeks) but may occur earlier, even at 24 weeks."<sup id="cite_ref-roe_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roe-16">[16]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Last menstrual period:</b> This threshold marks the beginning of a pregnancy from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.<sup id="cite_ref-kaiser_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaiser-14">[14]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Post-fertilization:</b> Thresholds using post-fertilization mark the beginning of pregnancy at the time of conception, which can occur up to 24 hours following intercourse. A threshold of 20 weeks post-fertilization is equivalent to 22 weeks since last menstrual period.<sup id="cite_ref-guttmacher2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guttmacher2-17">[17]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Post-implantation:</b> Thresholds using post-implantation mark the beginning of pregnancy at the date on which a fertilized egg adheres to the lining of the uterus, roughly five days after fertilization. A threshold of 24 weeks post-implantation is equivalent to 27 weeks since last menstrual period.<sup id="cite_ref-guttmacher2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guttmacher2-17">[17]</a></sup></li></ol> <p><iframe title="State abortion restrictions based on stage of pregnancy " aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-mttVb" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mttVb/38/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="761" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:#bf1e2e; color: white;">State abortion restrictions based on stage of pregnancy </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; color: black;">State </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; color: black; width:35%;">Does the state restrict abortion after a specific point in pregnancy? </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; color: black;">Threshold for restriction </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Alabama" title="Healthcare policy in Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Alaska" title="Healthcare policy in Alaska">Alaska</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Arizona" title="Healthcare policy in Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>15 weeks since last menstrual period<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Arkansas" title="Healthcare policy in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_California" title="Healthcare policy in California">California</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Colorado" title="Healthcare policy in Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Connecticut" title="Healthcare policy in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Delaware" title="Healthcare policy in Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Florida" title="Healthcare policy in Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Six weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Georgia" title="Healthcare policy in Georgia">Georgia</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Six weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Hawaii" title="Healthcare policy in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Idaho" title="Healthcare policy in Idaho">Idaho</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Illinois" title="Healthcare policy in Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Indiana" title="Healthcare policy in Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Iowa" title="Healthcare policy in Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Six weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Kansas" title="Healthcare policy in Kansas">Kansas</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>20 weeks since last menstrual period </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Kentucky" title="Healthcare policy in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Louisiana" title="Healthcare policy in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Maine" title="Healthcare policy in Maine">Maine</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Maryland" title="Healthcare policy in Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Massachusetts" title="Healthcare policy in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>24 weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Michigan" title="Healthcare policy in Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Minnesota" title="Healthcare policy in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Mississippi" title="Healthcare policy in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Missouri" title="Healthcare policy in Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Montana" title="Healthcare policy in Montana">Montana</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Nebraska" title="Healthcare policy in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>12 weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Nevada" title="Healthcare policy in Nevada">Nevada</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>24 weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_New_Hampshire" title="Healthcare policy in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>24 weeks since last menstrual period </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_New_Jersey" title="Healthcare policy in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_New_Mexico" title="Healthcare policy in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_New_York" title="Healthcare policy in New York">New York</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_North_Carolina" title="Healthcare policy in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>12 weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_North_Dakota" title="Healthcare policy in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Ohio" title="Healthcare policy in Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>20 weeks post-fertilization<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Oklahoma" title="Healthcare policy in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Oregon" title="Healthcare policy in Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Pennsylvania" title="Healthcare policy in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>24 weeks since last menstrual period </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Rhode_Island" title="Healthcare policy in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_South_Carolina" title="Healthcare policy in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Six weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_South_Dakota" title="Healthcare policy in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Tennessee" title="Healthcare policy in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Texas" title="Healthcare policy in Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Utah" title="Healthcare policy in Utah">Utah</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>18 weeks since last menstrual period </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Vermont" title="Healthcare policy in Vermont">Vermont</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Virginia" title="Healthcare policy in Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Third trimester since last menstrual period </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Washington" title="Healthcare policy in Washington">Washington</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare policy in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_West_Virginia" title="Healthcare policy in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Conception </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Wisconsin" title="Healthcare policy in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>20 weeks post-fertilization </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Wyoming" title="Healthcare policy in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Fetal viability </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td align="left" style="line-height:135%;" colspan="3"><small><b>Sources:</b><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/state-policies-later-abortions"><i>Guttmacher Institute</i>, "State Policies on Later Abortions," accessed August 16, 2024</a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/251676/interactive-map-check-the-status-of-abortion-trigger-laws-across-the-us"><i>CNA</i>, "TRACKER: Check the status of abortion trigger laws across the U.S.," accessed August 16, 2024</a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fullerproject.org/story/how-major-abortion-laws-compare-state-by-state-map/"><i>The Fuller Project</i>, "How major abortion laws compare, state by state," accessed August 16, 2024</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_abortion_ballot_measures">History of abortion ballot measures</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/History_of_abortion_ballot_measures" title="History of abortion ballot measures">History of abortion ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <a href="/2022_abortion-related_ballot_measures" title="2022 abortion-related ballot measures">2022</a>, there were <a href="/2022_abortion-related_ballot_measures" title="2022 abortion-related ballot measures">six ballot measures</a> addressing abortion — the most on record for a single year. Measures were approved in <a href="/California_Proposition_1,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2022)" title="California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)">California</a>, <a href="/Michigan_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)">Michigan</a>, and <a href="/Vermont_Proposal_5,_Right_to_Personal_Reproductive_Autonomy_Amendment_(2022)" title="Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)">Vermont</a>. Measures were defeated in <a href="/Kansas_No_State_Constitutional_Right_to_Abortion_and_Legislative_Power_to_Regulate_Abortion_Amendment_(August_2022)" title="Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)">Kansas</a>, <a href="/Kentucky_No_Right_to_Abortion_in_Constitution_Amendment_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)">Kentucky</a>, and <a href="/Montana_LR-131,_Medical_Care_Requirements_for_Born-Alive_Infants_Measure_(2022)" title="Montana LR-131, Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure (2022)">Montana</a>. </p><p>From 1970 to November 2022, there were 53 abortion-related ballot measures, and 43 (81%) of these had the support of organizations that described themselves as pro-life. Voters approved 11 (26%) and rejected 32 (74%) of these 43 ballot measures. The other 10 abortion-related ballot measures had the support of organizations that described themselves as pro-choice or pro-reproductive rights. Voters approved seven (70%) and rejected three (30%). </p><p>Before <i>Roe v. Wade</i> in 1973, three abortion-related measures were on the ballot in <a href="/Michigan_Proposal_B,_Abortion_Legalization_to_20_Weeks_Initiative_(1972)" title="Michigan Proposal B, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)">Michigan</a>, <a href="/North_Dakota_Measure_1,_Abortion_Legalization_to_20_Weeks_Initiative_(1972)" title="North Dakota Measure 1, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)">North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/Washington_Referendum_20,_Abortion_Legalization_to_Four_Months_Measure_(1970)" title="Washington Referendum 20, Abortion Legalization to Four Months Measure (1970)">Washington</a>, and each was designed to allow abortion in its respective state. </p><p>The following graph shows the number of abortion-related ballot measures per year since 1970: </p> <center><iframe title="Number of abortion-related state ballot measures each year, 1970-2022" aria-label="Stacked Column Chart" id="datawrapper-chart-nZT77" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/nZT77/13/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 90% !important; border: none;" height="425"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script></center> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="State_constitutional_rights_and_abortion-related_ballot_measures">State constitutional rights and abortion-related ballot measures</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Constitutional_rights">Constitutional rights</span></h4> <p>The topic <b>constitutional rights</b> addresses ballot measures that establish a state constitutional right to abortion. Campaigns that support these measures often describe themselves as <b>pro-choice</b> or <b>pro-reproductive rights</b>. </p> <table class="bptable sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:14%">State </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:8%">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:48%">Measure </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">Yes </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">No </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:8%">Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arizona</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Arizona_Proposition_139,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>61.61%</td> <td>38.39%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colorado</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Colorado_Amendment_79,_Right_to_Abortion_and_Health_Insurance_Coverage_Initiative_(2024)" title="Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)">Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative</a></td> <td>61.97%</td> <td>38.03%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Florida_Amendment_4,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></td> <td>57.17%</td> <td>42.83%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Maryland_Question_1,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2024)" title="Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)">Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment</a></td> <td>76.06%</td> <td>23.94%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Missouri</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Missouri_Amendment_3,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2024)" title="Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)">Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative</a></td> <td>51.60%</td> <td>48.40%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montana</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Montana_CI-128,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>57.76%</td> <td>42.24%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nebraska</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Amendment</a></td> <td>49.01%</td> <td>50.99%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nevada</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/Nevada_Question_6,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>64.36%</td> <td>35.64%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/New_York_Proposal_1,_Equal_Protection_of_Law_Amendment_(2024)" title="New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)">New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment</a></td> <td>62.47%</td> <td>37.53%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Dakota</td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/South_Dakota_Constitutional_Amendment_G,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>41.41%</td> <td>58.59%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ohio</td> <td>2023</td> <td><a href="/Ohio_Issue_1,_Right_to_Make_Reproductive_Decisions_Including_Abortion_Initiative_(2023)" title="Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)">Issue 1: Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative</a></td> <td>56.78%</td> <td>43.22%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/California_Proposition_1,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Amendment_(2022)" title="California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)">Proposition 1: Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment</a></td> <td>66.88%</td> <td>33.12%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michigan</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/Michigan_Proposal_3,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2022)" title="Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)">Proposal 3: Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative</a></td> <td>56.66%</td> <td>43.34%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vermont</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/Vermont_Proposal_5,_Right_to_Personal_Reproductive_Autonomy_Amendment_(2022)" title="Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)">Proposal 5: Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment</a></td> <td>76.77%</td> <td>23.23%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Constitutional_interpretation">Constitutional interpretation</span></h4> <p>The topic <b>constitutional interpretation</b> addresses ballot measures designed to provide that state constitutions cannot be interpreted to establish a state constitutional right to abortion. These types of amendments are designed to address previous and future state court rulings on abortion that have prevented or could prevent legislatures from passing certain abortion laws. Campaigns that support these measures often describe themselves as <b>pro-life</b>. </p> <table class="bptable sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:14%">State </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:8%">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:48%">Measure </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">Yes </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:10%">No </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; width:8%">Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kansas</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/Kansas_No_State_Constitutional_Right_to_Abortion_and_Legislative_Power_to_Regulate_Abortion_Amendment_(August_2022)" title="Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)">No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment</a></td> <td>41.03%</td> <td>58.97%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kentucky</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/Kentucky_No_Right_to_Abortion_in_Constitution_Amendment_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)">No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment</a></td> <td>47.65%</td> <td>52.35%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td>2020</td> <td><a href="/Louisiana_Amendment_1,_No_Right_to_Abortion_in_Constitution_Amendment_(2020)" title="Louisiana Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2020)">Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment</a></td> <td>62.06%</td> <td>37.94%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td>2018</td> <td><a href="/Alabama_Amendment_2,_State_Abortion_Policy_Amendment_(2018)" title="Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)">Amendment 2: State Abortion Policy Amendment</a></td> <td>59.01%</td> <td>40.99%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Virginia</td> <td>2018</td> <td><a href="/West_Virginia_Amendment_1,_No_Right_to_Abortion_in_Constitution_Measure_(2018)" title="West Virginia Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure (2018)">Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure</a></td> <td>51.73%</td> <td>48.27%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tennessee</td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/Tennessee_Amendment_1,_No_State_Constitutional_Right_to_Abortion_and_Legislative_Power_to_Regulate_Abortion_Amendment_(2014)" title="Tennessee Amendment 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (2014)">Amendment 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment</a></td> <td>52.60%</td> <td>47.40%</td> <td><center><a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/77/Yes.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">a</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td>2012</td> <td><a href="/Florida_Amendment_6,_State_Constitution_Interpretation_and_Prohibit_Public_Funds_for_Abortions_Amendment_(2012)" title="Florida Amendment 6, State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (2012)">Amendment 6: State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment</a></td> <td>44.90%</td> <td>55.10%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td>1986</td> <td><a href="/Massachusetts_Question_1,_No_State_Constitutional_Right_to_Abortion_and_Legislative_Power_to_Regulate_Abortion_Amendment_(1986)" title="Massachusetts Question 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (1986)">Question 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment</a></td> <td>41.83%</td> <td>58.17%</td> <td><center><a href="/Defeated" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/No.png" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">d</span></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Path_to_the_ballot">Path to the ballot</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Nebraska" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska">Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_state_process">The state process</span></h3> <p>In Nebraska, the number of signatures required to qualify an <a href="/Initiated_constitutional_amendment" title="Initiated constitutional amendment">initiated constitutional amendment</a> for the ballot is equal to 10 percent of registered voters as of the deadline for filing signatures. Because of the unique signature requirement based on registered voters, Nebraska is also the only state where petition sponsors cannot know the exact number of signatures required until they are submitted. Nebraska law also features a <a href="/Distribution_requirement" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution requirement">distribution requirement</a> mandating that petitions contain signatures from 5 percent of the registered voters in each of two-fifths (38) of Nebraska's 93 counties. </p><p>Signatures must be submitted at least four months prior to the next general election. Signatures do not roll over and become invalid after the next general election at least four months after the initial initiative application filing. Depending on when the initiative application is filed, petitioners can have up to just under two years to circulate petitions. </p><p>The requirements to get an initiated constitutional amendment certified for the 2024 ballot: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/Ballot_measure_petition_deadlines_and_requirements,_2024#Deadlines_and_requirements" title="Ballot measure petition deadlines and requirements, 2024">Signatures</a></b>: approximately 123,465</li> <li><b><a href="/Ballot_measure_petition_deadlines_and_requirements,_2024#Deadlines_and_requirements" title="Ballot measure petition deadlines and requirements, 2024">Deadline</a></b>: The deadline to submit signatures was July 3, 2024.</li></ul> <p>Signatures are submitted to the <a href="/Nebraska_Secretary_of_State" title="Nebraska Secretary of State">secretary of state</a>. The secretary of state sends the appropriate signature petitions to each county, where county election officials verify the signatures. Upon receiving the signatures back from county officials, the secretary of state determines whether or not the requirements were met. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Details_about_this_initiative">Details about this initiative</span></h3> <ul><li>The initiative was filed on November 13, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-SoS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoS-2">[2]</a></sup></li> <li>The campaign reported submitting 207,000 signatures on July 3, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></li> <li>On August 23, 2024, the secretary of state certified the initiative for the ballot. The secretary reported that the campaign submitted more than 136,000 valid signatures and collected valid signatures from at least 5% of registered voters in 47 counties.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sponsors of the measure hired Landslide Political and She's Electable Nebraska LLC to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $2,117,999.00 was spent to collect the 123,465 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $17.15. </p><p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Lawsuit">Lawsuit</span></h4> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;width:auto"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 120%; width: 100%; color:#202020;" colspan="2"><b>Lawsuit overview</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Issue</b>: Whether the amendment violates the state's <a href="/Single-subject_rule_for_ballot_initiatives" title="Single-subject rule for ballot initiatives">single subject rule</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Court</b>: <a href="/Nebraska_Supreme_Court" title="Nebraska Supreme Court">Nebraska Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><td width="50%"><b>Plaintiff(s)</b>: Carolyn I. LaGreca</td><td width="50%"><b>Defendant(s)</b>: Nebraska Secretary of State <a href="/Bob_Evnen" title="Bob Evnen">Bob Evnen</a> (R)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>  <i>Source: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/2024/08/28/lawsuit-asks-nebraska-supreme-court-to-intervene-and-stop-abortion-rights-ballot-petition/"></a></i><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/2024/08/28/lawsuit-asks-nebraska-supreme-court-to-intervene-and-stop-abortion-rights-ballot-petition/">Nebraska Examiner<i></i></a> </p><p>On August 26, 2024, Carolyn LeGreca filed a lawsuit with the <a href="/Nebraska_Supreme_Court" title="Nebraska Supreme Court">Nebraska Supreme Court</a> arguing that the initiative violated the state's single subject rule because the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized a distinction between a fundamental right to abortion and granting it "without interference from the state."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_to_cast_a_vote">How to cast a vote</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Voting_in_Nebraska" title="Voting in Nebraska">Voting in Nebraska</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Click "Show" to learn more about current voter registration rules, identification requirements, and poll times in Nebraska.</b></i> </p> <table class="bptable collapsible collapsed" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:100%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" style="background-color:#E8E8E8; color:black;">How to cast a vote in Nebraska </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#; color:;"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Poll_times">Poll times</span></h3> <p>In <a href="/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, all polling locations are open from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Central Time and 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Mountain Time. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote. Nebraska is divided between Central and Mountain time zones.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Registration">Registration</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Check your voter registration status <b><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.votercheck.necvr.ne.gov/voterview">here</a>.</b></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>To register to vote in Nebraska, each applicant must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of the Nebraska county in which they are registering, and at least 18 years old by the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Citizens are eligible to register to vote on January 1 of the year they will turn 18 before the November general election. People convicted of a felony are ineligible to register to vote until two years after the terms of their sentence have been completed, and individuals who have been declared mentally incompetent by a court are ineligible to register to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> A <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/elec/pdf/vr-fillable.pdf">voter registration application</a> can be completed in person at the county clerk or election commissioner's office, the Department of Motor Vehicles, or other state agencies. In-person registration must be completed by the third Friday preceding the election if completed at the DMV or other state agencies. In-person registration at county election offices must be completed by 6 p.m. on the second Friday before the election. Applications returned by mail must be postmarked by the third Friday before the election.<sup id="cite_ref-NESoS_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NESoS-31">[31]</a></sup> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nebraska.gov/apps-sos-voter-registration/">Online applications</a> must be submitted by midnight on the third Friday before the election.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Automatic_registration">Automatic registration</span></h3> <p>Nebraska does not practice <a href="/Automatic_voter_registration" title="Automatic voter registration">automatic voter registration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncsl_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncsl-33">[33]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Online_registration">Online registration</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Online_voter_registration" title="Online voter registration">Online voter registration</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Nebraska has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nebraska.gov/apps-sos-voter-registration/">this website</a>. The <a href="/Nebraska_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska State Senate">Nebraska State Senate</a> enacted legislation allowing online voter registration in 2014, and the system was implemented in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Same-day_registration">Same-day registration</span></h3> <p>Nebraska does not allow <a href="/Same-day_voter_registration" title="Same-day voter registration">same-day voter registration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncsl_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncsl-33">[33]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Residency_requirements">Residency requirements</span></h3> <p>In Nebraska, citizens can register to vote the day they become residents of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-NESoS_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NESoS-31">[31]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Verification_of_citizenship">Verification of citizenship</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Laws_permitting_noncitizens_to_vote_in_the_United_States" title="Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States">Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Nebraska does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, "any registrant who signs this application knowing that any of the information in the application is false shall be guilty of a Class IV felony under section 32-1502 of the statutes of Nebraska. The penalty for a Class IV felony is up to two years imprisonment and twelve months post-release supervision, a fine of up to $10,000.00, or both."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> </p><p>All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> As of January 2025, six states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, and New Hampshire — had passed laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration. However, only two of those states' laws were in effect, in Arizona and New Hampshire. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allowed noncitizens to vote in some local elections as of November 2024. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Verifying_your_registration">Verifying your registration</span></h3> <p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.votercheck.necvr.ne.gov/VoterView">Voter View</a> site, run by the Nebraska Secretary of State’s office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online. </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Voter_ID_requirements">Voter ID requirements</span></h3> <p>Nebraska <b>requires voters to present identification</b> while voting. </p><p><a href="/Nebraska_Initiative_432,_Photo_Voter_Identification_Initiative_(2022)" title="Nebraska Initiative 432, Photo Voter Identification Initiative (2022)">Initiative 432</a>, approved by Nebraska voters in November 2022, amended <a href="/Nebraska_Constitution#Article_I" title="Nebraska Constitution">Article I</a> of the <a href="/Nebraska_Constitution" title="Nebraska Constitution">state constitution</a> to require voters to present valid photo identification in order to vote. Governor Jim Pillen (R) signed Legislative Bill 514 into law on June 1, 2023, in order to implement this policy change. Due to this legislation, Nebraska's voter ID requirement went into effect on April 1, 2024, in time for the state's 2024 primary.<sup id="cite_ref-Text_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Text-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoS-2">[2]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <div style="height:115px"> <center><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures"><b>2024 measures</b></a><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures"><img alt="Calendar.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/15/Calendar.png/80px-Calendar.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/15/Calendar.png/120px-Calendar.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/1/15/Calendar.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div></div></center> </div> <div style="width:85%; margin:auto; float:right"> <ul><li><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">2024 ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Abortion_on_the_ballot" title="Abortion on the ballot">Abortion on the ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_measure_petition_deadlines_and_requirements,_2024" title="Ballot measure petition deadlines and requirements, 2024">2024 petition deadlines</a></li></ul> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <div style="height:115px"> <center><a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures"><b>Nebraska</b></a><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Nebraska_2024_ballot_measures" title="Nebraska 2024 ballot measures"><img alt="Seal of Nebraska.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_Nebraska.png/100px-Seal_of_Nebraska.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_Nebraska.png/150px-Seal_of_Nebraska.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_Nebraska.png/200px-Seal_of_Nebraska.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div></center> </div> <div style="width:87%; margin:auto; float:right"> <ul><li><a href="/List_of_Nebraska_ballot_measures" title="List of Nebraska ballot measures">Nebraska ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Laws_governing_the_initiative_process_in_Nebraska" title="Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska">Nebraska initiative laws</a></li></ul> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <div style="height:115px"> <center><a href="/Category:Ballot_measure_analyses_by_year" title="Category:Ballot measure analyses by year"><b>News and analysis</b></a><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/The_Ballotpedia_News_Update" title="The Ballotpedia News Update"><img alt="Ballotpedia RSS.jpg" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ed/Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg/130px-Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="88" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ed/Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg/195px-Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ed/Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg/260px-Ballotpedia_RSS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1275" /></a></div></div></center> </div> <div style="width:83%; margin:auto; float:right"> <ul><li><a href="/List_of_ballot_measure_lawsuits_in_2024" title="List of ballot measure lawsuits in 2024">Ballot measure lawsuits</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_measure_readability_scores,_2024" title="Ballot measure readability scores, 2024">Ballot measure readability</a></li> <li><a href="/2024_ballot_measure_polls" title="2024 ballot measure polls">Ballot measure polls</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_measure_signature_costs,_2024" title="Ballot measure signature costs, 2024">Ballot measure signature costs</a></li></ul> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/sos.nebraska.gov/files/doc/elections/Petitions/2024/Protect%20the%20Right%20to%20Abortion%20Constitutional%20Amendment.pdf">Full text</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Text-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Text_1-6">1.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/sos.nebraska.gov/files/doc/elections/Petitions/2024/Protect%20the%20Right%20to%20Abortion%20Constitutional%20Amendment.pdf"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, "Full text," accessed November 17, 2023</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "Text" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SoS_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SoS_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SoS_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/elections/current-petitions-circulation"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State's Office</i>, "Current Petitions in Circulation," accessed January 6, 2023</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "SoS" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fullerproject.org/story/how-major-abortion-laws-compare-state-by-state-map/"><i>The Fuller Project</i>, "How major abortion laws compare, state by state," accessed December 4, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/news-releases/Secretary%20of%20State%20certifies%20two%20abortion-related%20petitions.pdf"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, "Secretary of State certifies two abortion-related petitions for general election ballot," August 23, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lb574-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lb574_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lb574_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/108/PDF/Final/LB574.pdf"><i>Nebraska State Legislature</i>, "LB 574," accessed September 3, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-1">6.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-2">6.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_6-3">6.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://protectourrights.com/"><i>Protect Our Rights</i>, "Homepage," accessed October 26, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://protectwomenchildren.com/"><i>Protect Women and Children</i>, "Homepage," accessed October 26, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finance-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-finance_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-finance_9-1">9.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-finance_9-2">9.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-finance_9-3">9.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-finance_9-4">9.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nadc-e.nebraska.gov/PublicSite/SearchPages/PublicMaster.master"><i>NADC</i>, "Campaign Finance," accessed September 7, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/qp/19-01392qp.pdf"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "Court to weigh in on Mississippi abortion ban intended to challenge Roe v. Wade," May 17, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rowwade-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rowwade_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rowwade_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113"><i>Cornell University Law School</i>, "Roe v. Wade," accessed April 27, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: Exceptions to these thresholds are generally provided when pregnancy threatens the mother's life or health.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fullerproject.org/story/how-major-abortion-laws-compare-state-by-state-map/"><i>The Fuller Project</i>, "How major abortion laws compare, state by state," accessed December 4, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaiser-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kaiser_14-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kaiser_14-1">14.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/state-indicator/gestational-limit-abortions/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D"><i>Kaiser Family Foundation</i>, "States with Gestational Limits for Abortion," August 1, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/state-policies-later-abortions#"><i>Guttmacher Institute</i>, "State Bans on Abortion Throughout Pregnancy," September 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roe-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-roe_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113">Supreme Court of the United States, <i>Roe v. Wade</i>, January 22, 1973</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guttmacher2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guttmacher2_17-0">17.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guttmacher2_17-1">17.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2005/05/implications-defining-when-woman-pregnant"><i>Guttmacher Institute</i>, "The Implications of Defining When a Woman Is Pregnant," May 9, 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Voters approved <a href="/Arizona_Proposition_139,_Right_to_Abortion_Initiative_(2024)" title="Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)">Proposition 139</a> on November 5, 2024, amending the state constitution to provide for the <i>fundamental right to abortion</i>, among other provisions. The amendment was set to go into effect once Gov. <a href="/Katie_Hobbs" title="Katie Hobbs">Katie Hobbs</a> (D) certified the election results following the November 25, 2024, canvass deadline.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/local/phoenix/2024/11/07/arizona-abortion-proposition-139-effective-date"><i>Axios</i>, "When Arizona's new abortion measure will take effect," November 7, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In a 6-3 decision in <i><a href="/Moyle_v._United_States" title="Moyle v. United States">Moyle v. United States</a></i> (consolidated with <i>Idaho v. United States</i>), the <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> on June 27, 2024, reinstated a <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho</a> ruling that temporarily blocked the state of Idaho from enforcing the part of a 2022 law that barred abortion in case of certain medical emergencies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Voters approved <a href="/Missouri_Amendment_3,_Right_to_Reproductive_Freedom_Initiative_(2024)" title="Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)">Amendment 3</a>, which provided for a right to abortion in the state constitution. The amendment was set to take effect 30 days after the election.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://missouriindependent.com/2024/11/05/missouri-voters-overturn-states-near-total-abortion-ban/"><i>Missouri Independent</i>, "Missouri voters approve Amendment 3, overturn state’s abortion ban," November 5, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ohio voters approved <a href="/Ohio_Issue_1,_Right_to_Make_Reproductive_Decisions_Including_Abortion_Initiative_(2023)" title="Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)">Issue 1</a> in 2023, allowing the state to restrict abortion only after <i>fetal viability</i>. However, the state's previous restrictions on abortion—such as <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2919.201">SB 127</a>, which banned abortion at 20 weeks post-fertilization—remained on the books. As of August 2024, courts had not <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/03/18/ohio-voters-abortion-2024/73015168007/">weighed in on</a> the interaction between Issue 1 and the older laws.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: Florida Amendment 4 needed to receive a 60% vote to be approved.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2024/07/03/competing-abortion-measures-could-be-on-nebraskas-ballot-in-november/"><i>Express and Star</i>, "Competing abortion measures could be on Nebraska’s ballot in November," July 3, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/news-releases/Secretary%20of%20State%20certifies%20two%20abortion-related%20petitions.pdf"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, "Secretary of State certifies two abortion-related petitions for general election ballot," August 23, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nebraskaexaminer.com/2024/08/28/lawsuit-asks-nebraska-supreme-court-to-intervene-and-stop-abortion-rights-ballot-petition/"><i>Nebraska Examiner</i>, "Lawsuit asks Nebraska Supreme Court to intervene and stop abortion-rights ballot petition," August 28, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=32-908&print=true"><i>Nebraska Statutes</i>, "Section 32-908," accessed April 18, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/elec/voter-registration-bg.html"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, “Nebraska Voter Registration Background,” accessed April 18, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/elec/felon-voting-rights.html"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, “Felon Voting Rights FAQ,” accessed April 18, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NESoS-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NESoS_31-0">31.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NESoS_31-1">31.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/elec/voter_info.html"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, “Voter Information Frequently Asked Questions,” accessed April 18, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nebraska.gov/faqs/sos/OVRA/FAQ-eng.html"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State</i>, “Online Voter Registration Frequently Asked Questions,” accessed April 18, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncsl-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncsl_33-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncsl_33-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/state-profiles-elections"><i>NCSL</i>, "State Profiles: Elections," accessed August 28, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.omaha.com/news/nebraska/online-voter-registration-is-coming-to-nebraska/article_9872f0cb-828b-5ccc-944b-03404df54de9.html"><i>Omaha World-Herald</i>, “Online voter registration is coming to Nebraska,” September 5, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/elections/vr-fillable.pdf"><i>Nebraska Secretary of State’s Official Voter Registration Application," accessed November 1, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/national-voter-registration-act-1993-nvra">According to</a> the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:2024_ballot_measures" title="Template:2024 ballot measures"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" 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