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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Darfur_and_the_formation_of_the_RSF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Political transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_SPLM-N_and_the_SLM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_SPLM-N_and_the_SLM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Origins of the SPLM-N and the SLM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_SPLM-N_and_the_SLM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Prelude </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Course_of_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course_of_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Course of the war </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Course of the war subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-April–May_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–May_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 April–May 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–May_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Khartoum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Khartoum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Battle of Khartoum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Khartoum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Jeddah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Jeddah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Treaty of Jeddah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Jeddah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June–September_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June–September_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 June–September 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June–September_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Continued_fighting_in_Khartoum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_fighting_in_Khartoum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Continued fighting in Khartoum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_fighting_in_Khartoum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Diplomatic efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SPLM-N_(Al-Hilu)_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SPLM-N_(Al-Hilu)_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 SPLM-N (Al-Hilu) involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SPLM-N_(Al-Hilu)_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darfur_front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darfur_front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Darfur front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darfur_front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 October–December 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SAF_collapse_in_Darfur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAF_collapse_in_Darfur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 SAF collapse in Darfur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAF_collapse_in_Darfur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_negotiations_stall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_negotiations_stall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Peace negotiations stall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_negotiations_stall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RSF_Crossing_of_the_Nile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RSF_Crossing_of_the_Nile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 RSF Crossing of the Nile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RSF_Crossing_of_the_Nile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-January–April_2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–April_2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 January–April 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–April_2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hemedti_travels_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemedti_travels_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Hemedti travels abroad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemedti_travels_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_in_Kordofan_and_Gezira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_in_Kordofan_and_Gezira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Fighting in Kordofan and Gezira </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_in_Kordofan_and_Gezira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAF_gains_in_Omdurman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAF_gains_in_Omdurman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 SAF gains in Omdurman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAF_gains_in_Omdurman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2024–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2024–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 April 2024–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2024–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fighting_in_Darfur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_in_Darfur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Fighting in Darfur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_in_Darfur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_in_Kordofan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_in_Kordofan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Fighting in Kordofan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_in_Kordofan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_along_the_Nile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_along_the_Nile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Fighting along the Nile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_along_the_Nile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAF_offensives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAF_offensives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.4 SAF offensives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAF_offensives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sexual violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Casualties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Casualties subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Darfur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darfur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Darfur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darfur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Eastern Sudan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Attacks on healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties_among_humanitarian_workers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties_among_humanitarian_workers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Casualties among humanitarian workers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties_among_humanitarian_workers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Attacks on journalists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Foreign casualties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Notable deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Foreign involvement </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_involvement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign involvement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egyptian_POWs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_POWs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Egyptian POWs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_POWs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wagner_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wagner_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Wagner Group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wagner_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_foreign_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_foreign_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Other foreign actors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_foreign_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weapons_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Weapons supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 Chad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.3 Kenya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_National_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_National_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.4 Libyan National Army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_National_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.5 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.6 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Evacuation of foreign nationals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.2 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Humanitarian impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Humanitarian_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Humanitarian impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Famine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Famine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economic impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 War crimes investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Disinformation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Disinformation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Disinformation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Disinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Examples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oorlog_in_Soedan_(sedert_2023)" title="Oorlog in Soedan (sedert 2023) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oorlog in Soedan (sedert 2023)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(2023%E2%80%93%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86)" title="نزاع السودان (2023–الآن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نزاع السودان (2023–الآن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A3_Ret%C3%A3ygua_%C3%91orair%C3%B5_Mbohapyha" title="Sudã Retãygua Ñorairõ Mbohapyha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sudã Retãygua Ñorairõ Mbohapyha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanda_v%C9%99t%C9%99nda%C5%9F_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si_(2023%E2%80%93hal-haz%C4%B1rda)" title="Sudanda vətəndaş müharibəsi (2023–hal-hazırda) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sudanda vətəndaş müharibəsi (2023–hal-hazırda)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_(%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="সুদানে যুদ্ধ (২০২৩-বর্তমান) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুদানে যুদ্ধ (২০২৩-বর্তমান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%B7_2023)" title="Канфлікт у Судане (з 2023) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канфлікт у Судане (з 2023)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflicte_al_Sudan_del_2023" title="Conflicte al Sudan del 2023 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conflicte al Sudan del 2023" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAd%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Súdánská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Súdánská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_2023" title="شتيباكات د السودان 2023 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شتيباكات د السودان 2023" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieg_im_Sudan_(seit_2023)" title="Krieg im Sudan (seit 2023) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krieg im Sudan (seit 2023)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AB%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%9A%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A9_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6_(2023%E2%80%93%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%80%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%AA)" title="ސޫދާނުގެ ދާޚިލީ ހަނގުރާމަ (2023–މިހާރު) – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސޫދާނުގެ ދާޚިލީ ހަނގުރާމަ (2023–މިހާރު)" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023._aasta_Sudaani_konflikt" title="2023. aasta Sudaani konflikt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2023. aasta Sudaani konflikt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD_(2023-%CF%83%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1)" title="Εμφύλιος πόλεμος στο Σουδάν (2023-σήμερα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμφύλιος πόλεμος στο Σουδάν (2023-σήμερα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_civil_sudanesa_(2023-presente)" title="Guerra civil sudanesa (2023-presente) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra civil sudanesa (2023-presente)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribelo_de_2023_en_Sudano" title="Ribelo de 2023 en Sudano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ribelo de 2023 en Sudano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023ko_Sudango_gatazka" title="2023ko Sudango gatazka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2023ko Sudango gatazka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3%E2%80%93%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86)" title="جنگ داخلی سودان (۲۰۲۳–اکنون) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ داخلی سودان (۲۰۲۳–اکنون)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_civile_soudanaise_(depuis_2023)" title="Guerre civile soudanaise (depuis 2023) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre civile soudanaise (depuis 2023)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimhlint_na_S%C3%BAd%C3%A1ine,_2023" title="Coimhlint na Súdáine, 2023 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coimhlint na Súdáine, 2023" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84_(2023%EB%85%84~%ED%98%84%EC%9E%AC)" title="수단 내전 (2023년~현재) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수단 내전 (2023년~현재)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikicin_Sudan,_2023" title="Rikicin Sudan, 2023 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rikicin Sudan, 2023" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(2023)" title="Բախումներ Սուդանում (2023) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բախումներ Սուդանում (2023)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanski_gra%C4%91anski_rat_(2023._-_)" title="Sudanski građanski rat (2023. - ) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sudanski građanski rat (2023. - )" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Sudan_2023" title="Perang Sudan 2023 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Sudan 2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflicto_sudanese_de_2023" title="Conflicto sudanese de 2023 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Conflicto sudanese de 2023" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgarastyrj%C3%B6ldin_%C3%AD_S%C3%BAdan_(2023%E2%80%93)" title="Borgarastyrjöldin í Súdan (2023–) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Borgarastyrjöldin í Súdan (2023–)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflitto_in_Sudan_del_2023" title="Conflitto in Sudan del 2023 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conflitto in Sudan del 2023" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מלחמת האזרחים הסודאנית השלישית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת האזרחים הסודאנית השלישית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%C5%A1ais_Sud%C4%81nas_pilso%C5%86u_kar%C5%A1" title="Trešais Sudānas pilsoņu karš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trešais Sudānas pilsoņu karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudano_pilietinis_karas_(nuo_2023)" title="Sudano pilietinis karas (nuo 2023) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sudano pilietinis karas (nuo 2023)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is-Sudan_%C4%A1lied_fl-2023" title="Is-Sudan ġlied fl-2023 – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Is-Sudan ġlied fl-2023" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90_(2023_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94)" title="სუდანიშ ომენოღალე ლჷმა (2023 წანაშე) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუდანიშ ომენოღალე ლჷმა (2023 წანაშე)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Sudan_2023" title="Pertempuran Sudan 2023 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Sudan 2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_in_Soedan_sinds_2023" title="Conflict in Soedan sinds 2023 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Conflict in Soedan sinds 2023" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E9%97%98" title="2023年スーダンでの戦闘 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2023年スーダンでの戦闘" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflikten_i_Sudan_2023" title="Konflikten i Sudan 2023 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konflikten i Sudan 2023" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_mojarosi_(2023)" title="Sudan mojarosi (2023) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sudan mojarosi (2023)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B9_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3%D8%A1" title="سوڈان تنازع ۲۰۲۳ء – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوڈان تنازع ۲۰۲۳ء" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebelia_RSF_w_Sudanie" title="Rebelia RSF w Sudanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rebelia RSF w Sudanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Civil_no_Sud%C3%A3o_(2023%E2%80%93presente)" title="Guerra Civil no Sudão (2023–presente) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Civil no Sudão (2023–presente)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Civil_din_Sudan_(2023%E2%80%93prezent)" title="Războiul Civil din Sudan (2023–prezent) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Civil din Sudan (2023–prezent)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D1%81_2023)" title="Гражданская война в Судане (с 2023) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданская война в Судане (с 2023)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Sudan_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="War in Sudan (2023–present) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="War in Sudan (2023–present)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a 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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Sudanese Civil War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Sudanese Civil War">Sudanese Civil Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:War_in_Sudan_(2023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of Sudan, showing the RSF dominant in the west of the country, the SAF dominant in the east, and the centre split between both sides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg/300px-War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg/450px-War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg/600px-War_in_Sudan_%282023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="450" /></a> Military situation as of 23 October 2024 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a> and allies</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North#SPLM-N_(al-Hilu)" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">SPLM-N (al-Hilu)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/SLM_(al-Nur)" class="mw-redirect" title="SLM (al-Nur)">SLM (al-Nur)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Joint_Darfur_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Darfur Force">Joint Darfur Force</a></div> (<a href="/wiki/Template:2023_Sudan_war_detailed_map" title="Template:2023 Sudan war detailed map">Detailed map</a>) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_engagements_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Engagements</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khartoum_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)">15 April 2023</a> – present</li><li>(1 year, 7 months, 1 week and 1 day)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> <ul><li>Rapid Support Forces occupy most of <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira State</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_State" title="Khartoum State">Khartoum State</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Nile_State" title="White Nile State">White Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sennar_State" title="Sennar State">Sennar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Qadarif_State" title="Al Qadarif State">Al Qadarif</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Kordofan" title="North Kordofan">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Kordofan" title="West Kordofan">West Kordofan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Qadarif-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North#SPLM-N_(al-Hilu)" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">SPLM-N (al-Hilu)</a> occupies parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_State" title="Blue Nile State">Blue Nile State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sudan" title="Government of Sudan">Government of Sudan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/17px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/26px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="115" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg/31px-Emblem_of_the_Popular_Defence_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="1123" /> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Defence_Forces" title="Popular Defence Forces">Popular Defence Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-NubaClashes-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Sudan" title="Popular Resistance of Sudan">Popular Resistance</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/23px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/35px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/46px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North#SPLM-N_(Agar)" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">SPLM-N (Agar)</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement/Army#Sudan_Liberation_Movement_(Tambour)" title="Sudan Liberation Movement/Army">SLM (Tambour)</a> (since August 2023)<a href="#cite_note-SLM-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg/23px-Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg/35px-Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg/46px-Joint_Darfur_Force_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="890" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Darfur_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Darfur Force">Joint Darfur Force</a> (since November 2023) <a href="/wiki/File:JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/23px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/35px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/46px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">JEM</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement/Army#Sudan_Liberation_Movement_(Minnawi)" title="Sudan Liberation Movement/Army">SLM (Minnawi)</a><a href="#cite_note-slm-jem-5">[5]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a> non-RSF <a href="/wiki/Janjaweed" title="Janjaweed">Janjaweed</a> militias <a href="/wiki/Tamazuj" title="Tamazuj">Tamazuj</a> (since August 2023)</td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/23px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/35px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/46px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North#SPLM-N_(al-Hilu)" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">SPLM-N (al-Hilu)</a><a href="#cite_note-SPLMN-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-4killed-7">[7]</a> (since June 2023) <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="516" /> <a href="/wiki/SLM_(al-Nur)" class="mw-redirect" title="SLM (al-Nur)">SLM (al-Nur)</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/23px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/35px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/45px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Communist_Party" title="Sudanese Communist Party">Sudanese Communist Party</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/17px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/26px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="115" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Abdel Fattah al-Burhan</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/17px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/26px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="115" /> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_al-Atta" title="Yasser al-Atta">Yasser al-Atta</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/17px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/26px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Insignia_of_the_Sudanese_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="115" /> <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Khabbashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams al-Din Khabbashi">Shams al-Din Khabbashi</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/23px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/35px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/46px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Agar" title="Malik Agar">Malik Agar</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Tambour%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tambour" title="Mustafa Tambour">Mustafa Tambour</a></li></ul></div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_SLM_%28Minnawi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Minni_Minnawi" title="Minni Minnawi">Minni Minnawi</a> <a href="/wiki/File:JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/23px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/35px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/46px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gibril_Ibrahim" title="Gibril Ibrahim">Gibril Ibrahim</a><a href="#cite_note-WarMonitor1711-16">[16]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdelrahim_Dagalo" title="Abdelrahim Dagalo">Abdelrahim Dagalo</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Rapid_Support_Forces_%28Sudan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Jumma" title="Abdel Rahman Jumma">Abdel Rahman Jumma</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/23px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/35px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg/46px-Flag_of_SPLM-N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a><a href="#cite_note-SPLMN-6">[6]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_SLM_%28al-Nur%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="516" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_al-Nur" title="Abdul Wahid al-Nur">Abdul Wahid al-Nur</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/23px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/35px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png/45px-Sudanese_Communist_Party_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mukhtar_al-Khatib" title="Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib">Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~300,000<a href="#cite_note-AJT-17">[17]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> ~100,000<a href="#cite_note-AJT-17">[17]</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>20,000<a href="#cite_note-ap20-18">[18]</a>–150,000 killed<a href="#cite_note-dabanga150-19">[19]</a></li><li>7,720,119 internally displaced<a href="#cite_note-africa7.2-20">[20]</a></li><li>2,170,592 refugees<a href="#cite_note-africa7.1-21">[21]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Campaignbox Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Prelude <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">Sudanese revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">2021 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/List_of_engagements_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khartoum_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)">Khartoum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RSF_occupation_of_the_Khartoum_International_Airport" title="RSF occupation of the Khartoum International Airport">Khartoum airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Laboratory_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Health Laboratory crisis">Laboratory crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_munitions_factory#2023_Sudan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarmouk munitions factory">Yarmouk airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_campaign" title="Darfur campaign">Darfur campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geneina" title="Battle of Geneina">Geneina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nyala" title="Battle of Nyala">Nyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_El_Fasher" title="Siege of El Fasher">El Fasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zalingei" title="Siege of Zalingei">Zalingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kutum" title="Battle of Kutum">Kutum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabkabiya" title="Battle of Kabkabiya">Kabkabiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merowe_Airport" title="Battle of Merowe Airport">Merowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_El_Obeid" title="Siege of El Obeid">El Obeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadugli" title="Battle of Kadugli">Kadugli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wad_Madani" title="Battle of Wad Madani">Wad Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Babanusa" title="Siege of Babanusa">Babanusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennar_offensive" title="Sennar offensive">Sennar offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinder" title="Battle of Dinder">Dinder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilling" title="Battle of Dilling">Dilling</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Mayo_shelling" title="May 2023 Mayo shelling">Mayo shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masalit_massacres_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Masalit massacres (2023–present)">Masalit massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardamata_massacre" title="Ardamata massacre">Ardamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misterei_massacre" title="Misterei massacre">Misterei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutum_Hospital_airstrike" title="Kutum Hospital airstrike">Kutum Hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_An_Nora_massacre" title="Wad An Nora massacre">Wad An Nora massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galgani_massacre" title="Galgani massacre">Galgani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Sudan_airstrikes" title="October 2024 Sudan airstrikes">October 2024 civilian airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_eastern_Gezira_State_massacres" title="2024 eastern Gezira State massacres">2024 eastern Gezira State massacres</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impact_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Humanitarian impact of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sudan_famine" title="2024 Sudan famine">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_refugee_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese refugee crisis (2023–present)">Refugee crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Eritreans_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Deportation of Eritreans during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Forced deportation of Eritreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Evacuation of foreign nationals during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Evacuation of foreign nationals</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Sagittaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Sagittaire (page does not exist)">France</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Sagittaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Opération Sagittaire">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kaveri" title="Operation Kaveri">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raus_aus_Khartum" title="Operation Raus aus Khartum">Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> Other <ul><li>Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(2023)" title="Treaty of Jeddah (2023)">Treaty of Jeddah (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Attempted assassination of Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Attempted assassination of Abdel Fattah al-Burhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Way_Cargo_Airlines_Ilyushin_Il-76_shootdown" title="2024 New Way Cargo Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown">2024 New Way Cargo Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conflicts_in_Sudan" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Sudan_internal_conflicts" title="Template:Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Sudan_internal_conflicts" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Sudan_internal_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conflicts_in_Sudan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Conflicts in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torit_mutiny" title="Torit mutiny">Torit mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1958 Sudanese coup d'état">1958 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)#October_1964_Revolution" title="Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)">1964 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Sudanese coup d'état">1985 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Sudanese coup d'état">1989 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderbolt_(1997)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (1997)">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Peters" title="War of the Peters">War of the Peters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament_of_the_Lou_Nuer" title="Disarmament of the Lou Nuer">Disarmament of the Lou Nuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malakal" title="Battle of Malakal">Battle of Malakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_attack_on_Omdurman_and_Khartoum" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum">Omdurman and Khartoum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Athor%27s_rebellion" title="George Athor's rebellion">George Athor's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese Revolution">Sudanese Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">2019 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Sudan coup d'état">2021 coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_peace_process" title="Sudanese peace process">Sudanese peace process</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> A <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> between two major rival factions of the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a> (SAF) under <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Abdel Fattah al-Burhan</a> and the paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a> (RSF) and its allies (collectively the <a href="/wiki/Janjaweed" title="Janjaweed">Janjaweed</a> coalition) under the Janjaweed leader <a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a>, began during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> on 15 April 2023.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Three minor (neutral) factions have participated in the fighting: <a href="/wiki/Darfur_Joint_Protection_Force" title="Darfur Joint Protection Force">Darfur Joint Protection Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/SLM_(al-Nur)" class="mw-redirect" title="SLM (al-Nur)">SLM (al-Nur)</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_al-Nur" title="Abdul Wahid al-Nur">Abdul Wahid al-Nur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SPLM-N" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLM-N">SPLM-N</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a>. Fighting has been concentrated <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khartoum_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)">around the capital city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> (largest and initial battle of the war) and the <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As of 14 November 2024, at least 61,000 people had been killed in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_State" title="Khartoum State">Khartoum State</a> alone, of which 26,000 were a direct result of the violence.<a href="#cite_note-ap20-18">[18]</a> As of 5 July 2024, over 7.7 million were internally displaced and more than 2.1 million others had fled the country as refugees,<a href="#cite_note-africa7.2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-africa7.1-21">[21]</a> and many civilians in <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> have been reported dead as part of the <a href="/wiki/Masalit_massacres_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Masalit massacres (2023–present)">Masalit massacres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The war began with attacks by the RSF on government sites as airstrikes, artillery, and gunfire were reported across Sudan. The cities of Khartoum and <a href="/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman">Omdurman</a> were divided between the two warring factions, with al-Burhan relocating his government to <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> as RSF forces captured most of Khartoum's government buildings. Attempts by international powers to negotiate a ceasefire culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(2023)" title="Treaty of Jeddah (2023)">Treaty of Jeddah</a> in May 2023, which failed to stop the fighting and was ultimately abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Over the next few months, a stalemate occurred, during which the two sides were joined by rebel groups who had previously fought against Sudan's government. By mid-November, the <a href="/wiki/Minni_Minnawi" title="Minni Minnawi">Minni Minnawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tambour" title="Mustafa Tambour">Mustafa Tambour</a> factions of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Liberation Movement">Sudan Liberation Movement</a> officially joined the war in support of the SAF, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">Justice and Equality Movement</a> (JEM).<a href="#cite_note-SLM-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-slm-jem-5">[5]</a> In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Tamazuj" title="Tamazuj">Tamazuj</a> movement joined forces with the RSF, while the <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North</a> attacked SAF positions in the south of the country.<a href="#cite_note-SPLMN-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-reserve-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-tamazuj-28">[28]</a> Starting in October 2023, momentum began to swing toward the RSF, as the paramilitary defeated army forces in Darfur and made gains in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_State" title="Khartoum State">Khartoum State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kordofan" title="Kordofan">Kordofan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira State</a>. Since February 2024, the SAF has made gains in Omdurman. Since June 2024, the RSF has made gains in <a href="/wiki/Sennar_State" title="Sennar State">Sennar State</a>. Further negotiations between the warring sides have produced no significant results, while many countries have provided military or political support for either al-Burhan or Hemedti.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> As of September 2024, the SAF has made notable gains in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_North" title="Khartoum North">Khartoum North</a> (alternatively referred to as Bahri).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In August 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Food_Security_Phase_Classification" title="Integrated Food Security Phase Classification">Integrated Food Security Phase Classification</a> (IPC) Famine Review Committee (FRC) concluded <a href="/wiki/2024_Sudan_famine" title="2024 Sudan famine">famine conditions in parts of North Darfur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan" title="History of Sudan">History of Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Sudan" title="Coups d'état in Sudan">Coups d'état in Sudan</a></div> Sudan has been inhabited since prehistory and has seen many <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Sudan" title="List of conflicts in Sudan">conflicts</a>, with foreign invasions and resistance, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">ethnic tensions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">religious disputes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">disputes over resources</a> throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Sudan was <a href="/wiki/Turco-Egyptian_conquest_of_Sudan_(1820%E2%80%931824)" title="Turco-Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820–1824)">conquered by Egypt in 1821</a>, and in 1881 the religious leader <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> led a nationalist revolt and established an "Islamic and national" <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_State" title="Mahdist State">Mahdist State</a> in much of the territory of modern Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> After Ahmad's death, a British-Egyptian force commanded by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">retook Sudan</a>. In 1899, the country became <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">a condominium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, but was de facto ruled by the UK alone and would remain under British control until 1956, when it gained <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)" title="Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)">independence</a> and inherited its pre-1911 borders. In 1916, after the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> suspected that the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Sultanate of Darfur</a> was falling under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Ottoman government</a>, an expedition was launched from Egypt to capture and annex Darfur into the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The colonial government directed financial and administrative resources to the tribes of central Sudan near <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, while the outlying regions such as Darfur remained mostly forgotten and ignored.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Since gaining independence, Sudan has experienced <a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Sudan" title="Coups d'état in Sudan">19 military coup attempts</a>, the most of any African nation.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Sudan has usually been ruled by the military, interspersed with short periods of democratic parliamentary rule.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Two civil wars – <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">the first from 1955 to 1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">the second, 1983 to 2005</a> – between the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sudan" title="Government of Sudan">central government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">southern regions</a>, which led to the independence of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> in 2011, killed 1.5 million people, and a <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">conflict in the western region of Darfur</a> displaced two million people and killed more than 200,000 others.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_Darfur_and_the_formation_of_the_RSF">War in Darfur and the formation of the RSF</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Darfur_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Darfur_2011.png/300px-Map_of_Darfur_2011.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Darfur_2011.png/450px-Map_of_Darfur_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Darfur_2011.png/600px-Map_of_Darfur_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Location of <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> within <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></figcaption></figure> By the turn of the 21st century, Sudan's western <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> region had endured prolonged instability and social strife due to racial and ethnic tensions and disputes over land and water. In 2003, this situation erupted into a full-scale rebellion against government rule, against which president and <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military strongman</a> <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> vowed to use forceful action. The resulting <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> was marked by widespread state-sponsored acts of violence, leading to charges of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darfur_genocide" title="Darfur genocide">genocide</a> against al-Bashir.<a href="#cite_note-Abdelaziz-2023-41">[41]</a> The initial phase of the conflict left approximately 300,000 dead and 2.7 million forcibly displaced; even though the intensity of the violence later declined, the situation in the region remained far from peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-PathtoPower-42">[42]</a> To crush uprisings by non-Arab tribes in the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a>, al-Bashir relied upon the <a href="/wiki/Janjaweed" title="Janjaweed">Janjaweed</a>, a collection of <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> militias that were drawn from camel-trading tribes which were active in Darfur and portions of <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>. In 2013, al-Bashir announced that the Janjaweed would be reorganised as the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a> (RSF) and he also announced that the RSF would be placed under the command of the Janjaweed's commander <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo">Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo</a>, more commonly known as Hemedti.<a href="#cite_note-FearedForce-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtStakeRegion-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-NoMercy-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Georgy-46">[46]</a> The RSF perpetrated mass killings, mass rapes, pillage, torture, and destruction of villages. They were accused of committing <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Fur_people" title="Fur people">Fur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_people" title="Zaghawa people">Zaghawa</a> peoples.<a href="#cite_note-NoMercy-45">[45]</a> Leaders of the RSF have been indicted for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC),<a href="#cite_note-FactBoxRSF-47">[47]</a> but Hemedti was not personally implicated in the 2003–2004 atrocities.<a href="#cite_note-PathtoPower-42">[42]</a> In 2017, a new law gave the RSF the status of an "independent security force".<a href="#cite_note-NoMercy-45">[45]</a> Hemedti received several gold mines in Darfur as patronage from al-Bashir, and his personal wealth grew substantially.<a href="#cite_note-Georgy-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FactBoxRSF-47">[47]</a> Bashir sent RSF forces to quash a 2013 uprising in South Darfur and deployed RSF units to <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">fight in Yemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtStakeRegion-44">[44]</a> During this time, the RSF developed a working relationship with the Russian private military outfit <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Paramilitary-48">[48]</a> These developments ensured that RSF forces grew into the tens of thousands and came to possess thousands of <a href="/wiki/Technical_(vehicle)" title="Technical (vehicle)">armed pickup trucks</a> which regularly patrolled the streets of Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Paramilitary-48">[48]</a> The Bashir regime allowed the RSF and other armed groups to proliferate to prevent threats to its security from within the armed forces, a practice known as "<a href="/wiki/Coup-proofing" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup-proofing">coup-proofing</a>".<a href="#cite_note-AJLiveNews-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_transition">Political transition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese transition to democracy">Sudanese transition to democracy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:317px;max-width:317px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:218px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan,_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="484" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Abdel Fattah al-Burhan</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:218px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/154px-Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/231px-Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/308px-Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="562" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as <a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a>, Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a></div></div></div></div></div> In December 2018, protests against al-Bashir's regime began, starting the first phase of the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">Sudanese Revolution</a>. Eight months of sustained civil disobedience were met with violent repression.<a href="#cite_note-MEETimeline-50">[50]</a> In April 2019, the military (including the RSF) <a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">ousted al-Bashir in a coup d'état</a>, ending his three decades of rule; the army established the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)" title="Transitional Military Council (2019)">Transitional Military Council</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">junta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Georgy-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FactBoxRSF-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-MEETimeline-50">[50]</a> Bashir was imprisoned in Khartoum; he was not turned over to the ICC, which had <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">issued warrants for his arrest on charges of war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DealRestoreTransition-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Sudanese_protests" title="2019–2022 Sudanese protests">Protests calling for civilian rule</a> continued; in June 2019, the TMC's security forces, which included both the RSF and the SAF, perpetrated the <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_massacre" title="Khartoum massacre">Khartoum massacre</a>, in which more than a hundred demonstrators were killed<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtStakeRegion-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Georgy-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-MEETimeline-50">[50]</a> and dozens were raped.<a href="#cite_note-AtStakeRegion-44">[44]</a> Hemedti denied orchestrating the attack.<a href="#cite_note-Georgy-46">[46]</a> In August 2019, in response to international pressure and mediation by the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and Ethiopia, the military agreed to share power in an interim joint civilian-military <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">unity government</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>), headed by a civilian Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Abdalla_Hamdok" title="Abdalla Hamdok">Abdalla Hamdok</a>, with <a href="/wiki/2023_Sudanese_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Sudanese general election">elections to be held in 2023</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abdelaziz-2023-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-MEETimeline-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">In October 2021, the military seized power</a> in a coup led by <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a> (SAF) leader <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Abdel Fattah al-Burhan</a> and Hemedti. The Transitional Sovereignty Council was reconstituted as a new military junta led by al-Burhan, monopolizing power and halting Sudan's transition to democracy.<a href="#cite_note-DealRestoreTransition-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Olewe-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_the_SPLM-N_and_the_SLM">Origins of the SPLM-N and the SLM</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Liberation Movement">Sudan Liberation Movement</a> (or Army; SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a rebel group active in Darfur, primarily composed of members of non-Arab ethnic groups<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and established in response to their marginalization by the Bashir regime.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Since 2006, the movement has split into several factions due to disagreements over the <a href="/wiki/Darfur_Peace_Agreement" title="Darfur Peace Agreement">Darfur Peace Agreement</a>, with some factions joining the government in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-sudan_agreement_juba-59">[59]</a> By 2023 the three most prominent factions were the SLM-Minnawi under <a href="/wiki/Minni_Minnawi" title="Minni Minnawi">Minni Minnawi</a>, the SLM-al-Nur under <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_al-Nur" title="Abdul Wahid al-Nur">Abdul Wahid al-Nur</a>, and the SLM-Tambour under <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tambour" title="Mustafa Tambour">Mustafa Tambour</a>. The SLM-Minnawi and SLM-Tambour signed the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Juba_Peace_Agreement" title="Juba Peace Agreement">Juba Peace Agreement</a>, ceasing hostilities and receiving political appointments, but the SLM-al-Nur refused to sign and kept fighting.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The SPLM-N was founded by units of the predominantly South Sudanese <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement">Sudan People's Liberation Movement</a>/Army stationed in areas that remained in Sudan following the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_independence_referendum,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011">South Sudanese vote for independence in 2011</a>. These forces then led a rebellion in the southern states of <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Nile (state)">Blue Nile</a> a few months later.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 2017, the SPLM-N split between a faction led by <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a> and one led by <a href="/wiki/Malik_Agar" title="Malik Agar">Malik Agar</a>, with al-Hilu demanding <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> as a condition for peace while Agar did not agree with this.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> During the Sudanese Revolution, al-Hilu's faction declared an indefinite unilateral ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-victory-64">[64]</a> In 2020, a peace agreement was signed between the Sudanese government and Agar's faction,<a href="#cite_note-sudan_agreement_juba-59">[59]</a> with Agar later joining the Transitional Sovereignty Council in Khartoum. Al-Hilu held out until he agreed to sign a separate peace agreement with the Sudanese government a few months later.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Further steps to consolidate the agreement stalled following the 2021 coup, and the al-Hilu faction instead signed an agreement with the SLM-al-Nur and the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Communist_Party" title="Sudanese Communist Party">Sudanese Communist Party</a>, agreeing to co-operate to draft a 'revolutionary charter' and remove the military from power.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prelude">Prelude</h3></div> In the months after the 2021 coup the already weak <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese economy">Sudanese economy</a> steeply declined, fueling wide protests demanding that the junta return power to civilian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-CrisisGroup-67">[67]</a> Tensions arose between al-Burhan and Hemedti over al-Burhan's restoration to the office of old-guard <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> officials who had dominated the Omar al-Bashir government. Hemedti saw the appointment of these officials as a signal that al-Burhan was attempting to maintain the dominance of Khartoum's traditional elite over Sudanese politics. This was a danger to the RSF's political position, as said elites were hostile to Hemedti due to his ethnic background as a Darfuri Arab.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Hemedti's expression of regret over the October 2021 coup signalled a widening divide between him and al-Burhan.<a href="#cite_note-Olewe-53">[53]</a> Tensions between the RSF and the SAF began to escalate in February 2023, as the RSF began to recruit members across Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-CrisisGroup-67">[67]</a> Throughout February and early March the RSF built up in the Sudanese capital of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, until a deal was brokered on 11 March and the RSF withdrew.<a href="#cite_note-CrisisGroup-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> As part of this deal negotiations were conducted between the SAF, RSF, and civilian leaders, but these negotiations were delayed and halted by political disagreements.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Chief among the disputes was the integration of the RSF into the military: the RSF insisted on a 10-year timetable for its integration into the regular army, while the army demanded integration within two years.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-MEEHowDidWeGetHere-72">[72]</a> Other contested issues included the status given to RSF officers in the future hierarchy, and whether RSF forces should be under the command of the army chief rather than Sudan's commander-in-chief, al-Burhan.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On 11 April 2023, RSF forces deployed near the city of <a href="/wiki/Merowe,_Sudan" title="Merowe, Sudan">Merowe</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sudan-74">[74]</a> Government forces ordered them to leave and were refused. This led to clashes when RSF forces took control of the Soba military base south of Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-Sudan-74">[74]</a> On 13 April, RSF forces began their mobilization, raising fears of a potential rebellion against the junta. The SAF declared the mobilization illegal.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_of_the_war">Course of the war</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)">Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)">Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_engagements_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–May_2023">April–May 2023</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Khartoum">Battle of Khartoum</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khartoum_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)">Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)</a></div> On 15 April 2023, the RSF attacked SAF bases across Sudan, including <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_International_Airport" title="Khartoum International Airport">its airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> There were clashes at the headquarters of the state broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">Sudan TV</a>, which was later captured by RSF forces.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Bridges and roads in Khartoum and its hinterland were closed by RSF command.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-78">[78]</a> The next day saw a SAF counteroffensive, with the army retaking <a href="/wiki/Merowe_Airport" title="Merowe Airport">Merowe Airport</a> alongside the headquarters of Sudan TV and the state radio.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Sudan Civil Aviation Authority closed the country's airspace as fighting began.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Telecommunications provider <a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a> shut down Internet services, and by 23 April there was a near-total Internet outage attributed to attacks on the electricity grid.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Sudanese international trade began to break down, with <a href="/wiki/Maersk" title="Maersk">Maersk</a>, one of the largest shipping companies in the world, announcing a pause on new shipments to the country.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg/220px-Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg/330px-Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg/440px-Malik_Agar_governor_2009-08-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>With al-Burhan trapped in Khartoum, his deputy <a href="/wiki/Malik_Agar" title="Malik Agar">Malik Agar</a> became de facto leader of the Sudanese government.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-60">[60]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a> directed his forces to capture or kill al-Burhan, and RSF units engaged in pitched and bloody combat with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Sudan)" title="Republican Guard (Sudan)">Republican Guard</a>. Ultimately al-Burhan managed to evade capture or assassination, but his base at the Sudanese Armed Forces Headquarters was placed under RSF siege, rendering him unable to leave Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera</a>, Hemedti accused al-Burhan and his commanders of forcing the RSF to start the war by scheming to bring deposed leader <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> back to power.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-78">[78]</a> He called for the international community to intervene against al-Burhan, claiming that the RSF was fighting against radical Islamic militants.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Following the first few days of war the SAF brought in reinforcements from the Ethiopian border.<a href="#cite_note-AJ_Live_News-87">[87]</a> Although a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> was announced for <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>, fighting continued across the country.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Muted_Eid2-89">[89]</a> Combat was described as particularly intense along the highway from Khartoum to <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> and in the industrial zone of al-Bagair.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Intercommunal clashes were reported in <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Nile (state)">Blue Nile State</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Geneina" title="Geneina">Geneina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> By the beginning of May the SAF claimed to have weakened the RSF's combat capabilities and repelled its advances in multiple regions.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sudan" title="Law enforcement in Sudan">Sudanese police</a> deployed its <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Central Reserve Forces</a> in the streets of Khartoum in support of the SAF, claiming to have arrested several hundred RSF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The SAF announced it was launching an all-out attack on RSF in Khartoum using air strikes and artillery.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Air strikes and ground offensives against the RSF over the next few days caused significant damage to infrastructure, but failed to dislodge RSF forces from their positions.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Following further threats to his life from Hemedti, al-Burhan gave a public video address from his besieged base at the Army Headquarters, vowing to continue fighting.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-15MayBBCreportedDagaloStatementArchived-99">[99]</a> On 19 May, al-Burhan officially removed Hemedti as his deputy in the Transitional Sovereignty Council and replaced him with former rebel leader and council member <a href="/wiki/Malik_Agar" title="Malik Agar">Malik Agar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Agar-100">[100]</a> With al-Burhan trapped in Khartoum, Agar became de facto leader of the Sudanese government, assuming responsibility for peace negotiations, international visits and the day-to-day running of the country.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treaty_of_Jeddah">Treaty of Jeddah</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(2023)" title="Treaty of Jeddah (2023)">Treaty of Jeddah (2023)</a></div> International attention to the conflict resulted in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> calling a special session to address the violence, voting to increase monitoring of human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 6 May, delegates from the SAF and the RSF met directly for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, for what was described by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as "pre-negotiation talks".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> After diplomatic lobbying from the Saudis and Americans the warring sides signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(2023)" title="Treaty of Jeddah (2023)">Treaty of Jeddah</a> on 20 May, vowing to ensure the safe passage of civilians, protect relief workers, and prohibit the use of civilians as <a href="/wiki/Human_shields" class="mw-redirect" title="Human shields">human shields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-103">[103]</a> The agreement did not include a ceasefire, and clashes resumed in <a href="/wiki/Geneina" title="Geneina">Geneina</a>, causing more casualties.<a href="#cite_note-auto-103">[103]</a> The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_for_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs">Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a> expressed frustration at the lack of commitment from both sides to end the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-Griffiths_clashes2-104">[104]</a> The situation remained volatile, with both sides trading blame for attacks on churches, hospitals, and embassies.<a href="#cite_note-church_attack-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Embassy-107">[107]</a> Casualties mounted, particularly in Geneina, where Arab militias loyal to the RSF were accused of atrocities against non-Arab residents.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> A temporary ceasefire was signed and faced challenges as fighting persisted in Khartoum, and the agreed-upon ceasefire time saw further violence.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Between 28 and 97 people were reportedly killed by the RSF and Arab militias when they attacked the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Misterei" title="Misterei">Misterei</a> in West Darfur on 28 May.<a href="#cite_note-misterei-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June–September_2023">June–September 2023</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudan_National_Museum_(8625532907).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg/220px-Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg/330px-Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg/440px-Sudan_National_Museum_%288625532907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The RSF took control of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Sudan" title="National Museum of Sudan">National Museum of Sudan</a> in June.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Continued_fighting_in_Khartoum">Continued fighting in Khartoum</h4></div> As June began, Khartoum witnessed tank battles resulting in casualties.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The RSF took control of several important cultural and government buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Sudan" title="National Museum of Sudan">National Museum of Sudan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Military_Industrial_Complex" title="Yarmouk Military Industrial Complex">Yarmouk Military Industrial Complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Acute food insecurity affected a significant portion of Sudan's population.<a href="#cite_note-EEPA_06/06/23-115">[115]</a> By July, al-Burhan was still trapped at the Army Headquarters and unable to leave, and to break him out the SAF elected to send a column of troops to lift the siege of the base. This force was ambushed by the RSF and defeated, with the paramilitary claiming it had killed hundreds of soldiers and captured 90 vehicles, along with the column's commander.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In response to the escalating violence in Khartoum, the SAF increased the intensity of their airstrikes and artillery bombardment, leading to heightened civilian casualties often numbering in the dozens per strike.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-aj32-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-f24strike-119">[119]</a> Shelling by the RSF also increased in intensity, leading to many civilian casualties in turn.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-10dead-121">[121]</a> Heavy fighting continued in Khartoum throughout August, with clashes breaking out across the city. The RSF laid siege to the SAF's Armoured Corps base, breaching its defences and taking control of surrounding neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The SAF also made offensives, with the RSF-controlled <a href="/wiki/Republican_Palace,_Khartoum" title="Republican Palace, Khartoum">Republican Palace</a> and Yarmouk Complex coming under SAF air bombardment. An offensive was launched against Yarmouk, but this was beaten back after the RSF shipped in reinforcements.<a href="#cite_note-palace3-124">[124]</a> One of the few remaining bridges between Khartoum and <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_North" title="Khartoum North">Khartoum North</a> was also destroyed by the SAF, in an attempt to deny the RSF freedom of movement.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On 24 August an SAF operation successfully rescued al-Burhan from his besieged base at the Army Headquarters, allowing him to head to <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> and hold a cabinet meeting there.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diplomatic_efforts">Diplomatic efforts</h4></div> Ceasefires between the warring parties were announced but often violated, leading to further clashes. The SAF and RSF engaged in mutual blame for incidents, while the Sudanese government took action against international envoys.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The Saudi embassy in Khartoum was attacked and evacuations from an orphanage were carried out amid the chaos.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Amidst the turmoil, Sudan faced diplomatic strains with Egypt, leading to challenges for Sudanese refugees seeking entry.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-131">[131]</a> With al-Burhan out of Khartoum for the first time since the start of the war, he was able to fly to Egypt and hold a meeting with the Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Fattah al-Sisi">Abdel Fattah al-Sisi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-132">[132]</a> Following this visit al-Burhan went on a tour of numerous countries, heading to South Sudan, Qatar, Eritrea, Turkey, and Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> He then proceeded to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> as head of the Sudanese delegation to the 78th <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, where he urged the international community to declare the RSF a terrorist organization.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SPLM-N_(Al-Hilu)_involvement">SPLM-N (Al-Hilu) involvement</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North</a> (SPLM-N) broke a long-standing ceasefire agreement in June, attacking SAF units in <a href="/wiki/Kadugli" title="Kadugli">Kadugli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurmuk" title="Kurmuk">Kurmuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilling" title="Battle of Dilling">Dalang</a>, the latter coinciding with an attack by the RSF. The SAF claimed to have repelled the attacks,<a href="#cite_note-reserve-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPLMN-6">[6]</a> while the rebels claimed to have attacked in retaliation for the death of one of their soldiers at the hands of the SAF and vowed to free the region from "military occupation".<a href="#cite_note-victory-64">[64]</a> More than 35,000 were displaced by the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-victory-64">[64]</a> Speculation arose as to whether the attacks were part of an unofficial alliance between al-Hilu and the RSF or an attempt by al-Hilu to strengthen his position in future negotiations concerning his group.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Civil society organizations supporting the SPLM-N claimed its operations sought to protect civilians from possible attacks by the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Al-Hilu's faction launched further offensives in July, moving into <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a> and gaining control of several SAF bases.<a href="#cite_note-terrain-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-terrain22-139">[139]</a> In response the SAF brought in artillery and heavily bombarded SPLM-N positions.<a href="#cite_note-terrain-138">[138]</a> Further attacks by the group largely petered out after this, with an assault on Kadugli in September being pushed back by the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Darfur_front">Darfur front</h4></div> In Darfur, fighting and bloodshed were particularly fierce around the city of <a href="/wiki/Geneina" title="Geneina">Geneina</a>, where hundreds died and extensive destruction occurred.<a href="#cite_note-real_hell-141">[141]</a> RSF forces engaged in frequent acts of violence against the <a href="/wiki/Masalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Masalit">Masalit</a> population of Geneina, leading to accusations of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On 4 August the RSF claimed that it had taken full control over all of <a href="/wiki/Central_Darfur" title="Central Darfur">Central Darfur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> investigation discovered numerous mass graves in Darfur that contained Masalit civilians.<a href="#cite_note-mass_grave-144">[144]</a> The RSF and Arab militias were additionally accused of having killed lawyers, human rights monitors, doctors and non-Arab tribal leaders.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The governor of <a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khamis_Abakar" title="Khamis Abakar">Khamis Abakar</a>, was abducted and killed by armed men in June, hours after accusing the RSF of genocide and calling for international intervention in a TV interview.<a href="#cite_note-governor-146">[146]</a> The SAF, for their part, conducted indiscriminate airstrikes against Darfur that killed many civilians, especially in <a href="/wiki/Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Tribal and rebel groups in Darfur began to declare allegiance to one or the other of the warring parties. A faction of the Darfur-based <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Liberation Movement">Sudan Liberation Movement</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tambour" title="Mustafa Tambour">Mustafa Tambour</a> (SLM-T) joined the conflict in support of the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-SLM-3">[3]</a> In contrast the controversial <a href="/wiki/Tamazuj" title="Tamazuj">Tamazuj</a> rebel group formally declared its alliance with the RSF, joined by the leaders of seven Arab tribes, including that of Hemedti's.<a href="#cite_note-tamazuj-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> As September arrived both sides made offensives in Darfur. The RSF took control of several towns in <a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a> and also attacked the market of <a href="/wiki/Al-Fashir" title="Al-Fashir">Al-Fashir</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/North_Darfur" title="North Darfur">North Darfur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-antonov-149">[149]</a> SAF offensives saw success in <a href="/wiki/Central_Darfur" title="Central Darfur">Central Darfur</a>, with the army retaking parts of <a href="/wiki/Zalingei" title="Zalingei">Zalingei</a> from the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-fires-150">[150]</a> Fighting in Darfur also began to increasingly spill over into <a href="/wiki/North_Kordofan" title="North Kordofan">North Kordofan</a>, with the SAF attacking RSF positions in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/El-Obeid" title="El-Obeid">El-Obeid</a> and clashes over the town of <a href="/wiki/Um_Rawaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Um Rawaba">Um Rawaba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Both sides made withdrawals to end the month, with the RSF retreating from Um Rawaba while the SAF withdrew from <a href="/wiki/Tawila" title="Tawila">Tawila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2023">October–December 2023</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SAF_collapse_in_Darfur">SAF collapse in Darfur</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg/220px-Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg/330px-Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg/440px-Sudan_Envoy_-_Darfur_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>By the end of November, <a href="/wiki/Al-Fashir" title="Al-Fashir">Al-Fashir</a> was the last of the five state capitals in Darfur under SAF control.</figcaption></figure> By October 2023, the SAF in Darfur was experiencing acute shortages in supplies due to RSF-imposed sieges and had failed to utilize its air superiority to stem RSF advances.<a href="#cite_note-Zalingei-154">[154]</a> On 26 October, the RSF <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nyala" title="Battle of Nyala">captured Nyala</a>, Sudan's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sudan" title="List of cities in Sudan">fourth-largest city</a>, after seizing control of the SAF's 16th Infantry Division headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The fall of Nyala, a strategic city with an international airport and border connections to Central Africa, allowed the RSF to receive international supplies more easily and concentrate its forces on other Sudanese cities.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> After Nyala's fall, RSF fighters turned their focus to <a href="/wiki/Zalingei" title="Zalingei">Zalingei</a>, the capital of Central Darfur. The SAF's 21st Infantry Division, stationed in Zalingei, fled the city without a fight and allowed the RSF to take it over.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In Geneina, reports emerged that tribal elders were attempting to broker the surrender of the SAF garrison in the city to prevent bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-DarfurCampaign-158">[158]</a> The army rejected the proposal, raising fears of an imminent RSF assault on the city and causing civilians to flee across the border into Chad.<a href="#cite_note-Al-Geneina-159">[159]</a> The RSF besieged the headquarters of the SAF's 15th Infantry Division in Geneina, giving the garrison a six-hour ultimatum to surrender.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The base was captured two days later when the 15th withdrew from the area before fleeing to Chad.<a href="#cite_note-Chad-161">[161]</a> Those left behind, numbering in the hundreds, were taken prisoner and paraded in RSF media with signs of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Chad-161">[161]</a> Witnesses later reported mass atrocities perpetrated by the RSF in the city shortly after its seizure, with a local rebel group claiming up to <a href="/wiki/Ardamata_massacre" title="Ardamata massacre">2,000 people were massacred</a> in Geneina's satellite town of <a href="/wiki/Ardamata" title="Ardamata">Ardamata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ardamata-162">[162]</a> With Geneina's fall, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Daein" title="Ed Daein">Ed Daein</a> and Al-Fashir were the last remaining capitals in Darfur under government control, with both cities under heavy RSF pressure.<a href="#cite_note-DarfurCampaign-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chad-161">[161]</a> The RSF stormed and plundered the town of <a href="/wiki/Umm_Keddada" title="Umm Keddada">Umm Keddada</a>, east of Al-Fashir, after the SAF garrison withdrew.<a href="#cite_note-Ardamata-162">[162]</a> SAF troops in Al-Fashir itself were reported to be running low on food, water, and medicine due to the city being under siege, and external forces noted the SAF seemed incapable of stopping the RSF advance.<a href="#cite_note-Fashir-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Ed Daein fell in the early hours of 21 November, with RSF forces taking control of the city after seizing the headquarters of the SAF's 20th Infantry Division.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> SAF garrisons in East Darfur subsequently abandoned their positions and withdrew, allowing the RSF to occupy the area.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In response to RSF gains in Darfur and subsequent abuses, the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">Justice and Equality Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Liberation Movement">Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Minnawi)</a>, and other smaller rebel factions renounced their neutrality and declared war on the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-slm-jem-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peace_negotiations_stall">Peace negotiations stall</h4></div> Attempts by other nations and international organisations to negotiate peace had largely been dormant since the failure of the Treaty of Jeddah, but in late October the RSF and SAF met once more in Jeddah to attempt to negotiate peace.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> This new round of talks was a failure, with neither side willing to commit to a ceasefire. Instead, the warring factions agreed to open channels for humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> On 3 December negotiations were indefinitely suspended due to the failure of both the SAF and the RSF to open up aid channels.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> With the failure of the talks in Jeddah, the East African <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD) hosted a peace summit in early December. Earlier attempts by IGAD to open negotiations had floundered after the SAF had accused Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> of supporting the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> IGAD's talks appeared to make more progress than the Jeddah negotiations, with Hemedti and al-Burhan agreeing to meet in person at some point in the future.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="RSF_Crossing_of_the_Nile">RSF Crossing of the Nile</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wad_Madani" title="Battle of Wad Madani">Battle of Wad Madani</a></div> The RSF attacked the town of Wad Ashana in North Kordofan on 1 October along a key commercial route.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In West Kordofan, an uptick in fighting was reported, with the RSF assaulting a "vital" oil field in Baleela, south of <a href="/wiki/Al-Fulah" title="Al-Fulah">Al-Fulah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Geolocated footage showed RSF fighters celebrating around Baleela Airport after allegedly capturing it.<a href="#cite_note-Baleela-175">[175]</a> The Battle of Khartoum continued with the RSF seizing the town of al-Aylafoun, southeast of the capital, on 6 October. In the process, the paramilitary gained control of key oil infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> By late October the RSF controlled most of Khartoum but had failed to seize key military bases, while al-Burhan's government had largely relocated to Port Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Confluence_of_Nile_(Khartoum)_001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Confluence_of_Nile_%28Khartoum%29_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shambat_Bridge" title="Shambat Bridge">Shambat Bridge</a> in Khartoum was destroyed on 11 November.<a href="#cite_note-Shambat-179">[179]</a></figcaption></figure> The RSF sought to capitalize on its gains by stepping up attacks on SAF positions in Khartoum and Omdurman. Days of fighting culminated in the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Shambat_Bridge" title="Shambat Bridge">Shambat Bridge</a>, which connected Khartoum North to Omdurman over the Nile; the bridge's destruction severed a critical RSF supply chain.<a href="#cite_note-Shambat-179">[179]</a> This effectively cut the RSF off from its forces in Omdurman, giving the SAF a strategic advantage.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In an attempt to gain a new crossing over the Nile and supply its forces in Omdurman, the RSF launched an assault on the <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Aulia_Dam" title="Jebel Aulia Dam">Jebel Aulia Dam</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Awliya" title="Jabal Awliya">Jabal Awliya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> As Jebel Aulia could not be destroyed without flooding Khartoum, its capture would give the RSF a path over the Nile the SAF could not easily remove. A week-long battle commenced over the dam and its surrounding village, which ended in an RSF victory. The force captured the dam on 20 November, and all SAF resistance ceased in the village the following day.<a href="#cite_note-JebDam-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 5 December, local militias along with RSF soldiers attacked SPLM-N (al-Hilu) forces in the village of Tukma, southeast of Dalang in South Kordofan, resulting in the deaths of 4 people and the destruction of the village.<a href="#cite_note-4killed-7">[7]</a> The RSF leadership, not wanting hostilities with the neutral al-Hilu faction to escalate, issued a statement condemning this attack and denouncing it as "tribal violence".<a href="#cite_note-Qadarif-12">[12]</a> On 8 December, the RSF entered <a href="/wiki/Al_Qadarif_State" title="Al Qadarif State">Gedaref State</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-Qadarif-12">[12]</a> Pushing south from their gains around Jebel Aulia and Khartoum, RSF forces began to move into <a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira State</a> on 15 December, advancing toward its capital <a href="/wiki/Wad_Madani" title="Wad Madani">Wad Madani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Elsewhere in Gezira the RSF made major gains, taking control of the city of <a href="/wiki/Rufaa_(city)" title="Rufaa (city)">Rufaa</a> in the state's east and entering the <a href="/wiki/Butana" title="Butana">Butana</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-HantoobBridge-186">[186]</a> After several days of fighting the RSF seized the Hantoob Bridge on Wad Madani's eastern outskirts, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue Nile</a> and entering the city.<a href="#cite_note-HantoobBridge-186">[186]</a> The army put up little resistance in Wad Madani itself, the 1st Division withdrawing from the city as the RSF took over.<a href="#cite_note-WadMadaniMonitor-187">[187]</a> The fall of Wad Madani was viewed as a major blow to the SAF, as it dramatically widened the frontline and opened up large parts of the country to potential RSF offensives.<a href="#cite_note-WadMadaniMonitor-187">[187]</a> The city's fall allowed the RSF to capture most of Gezira and to make inroads in <a href="/wiki/White_Nile_State" title="White Nile State">White Nile State</a>, capturing the town of <a href="/wiki/El_Geteina" title="El Geteina">El Geteina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GeziraOffensive-188">[188]</a> Within a few days RSF fighters had advanced to within 25 km of <a href="/wiki/Sennar" title="Sennar">Sennar</a>, the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Sennar_State" title="Sennar State">Sennar State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GeziraOffensive-188">[188]</a> Over the next few weeks RSF forces ventured into rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Al_Qadarif_State" title="Al Qadarif State">Al Qadarif State</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Nile_State" title="River Nile State">River Nile State</a>, without establishing a significant presence. In Sennar State the RSF made some further minor advances but had not attacked Sennar City by the year's end.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Amid the deteriorating situation, the SAF was reported to be arming civilians while government officials in the east called on the population to mobilize.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Al-Burhan gave a widely promoted public speech to soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_State" title="Red Sea State">Red Sea State</a>, promising to arm civilian militias to fight the RSF and to fight against 'colonialism', which was viewed by observers as a reference to the United Arab Emirates support of the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-RwandaMemorial-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–April_2024">January–April 2024</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hemedti_travels_abroad">Hemedti travels abroad</h4></div> Following the fall of Wad Madani efforts by IGAD to negotiate a ceasefire made progress, as the SAF's weakened position made them more eager to enter talks. Whereas previously opposition from Islamist political groups to negotiation had prevented al-Burhan from committing to a specific date, now both he and Hemedti agreed to meet on 28 December.<a href="#cite_note-WadMadaniMonitor-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> A day before the meeting was due, it was cancelled as Hemedti recanted his desire to attend.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Instead the RSF leader went on a diplomatic tour, travelling on a chartered Emirati jet and meeting with several African national leaders.<a href="#cite_note-Signals-194">[194]</a> One visit that was particularly promoted was his visit to <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, where he met with Rwandan President <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> and visited the <a href="/wiki/Kigali_Genocide_Memorial" title="Kigali Genocide Memorial">Kigali Genocide Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RwandaMemorial-191">[191]</a> On the tour Hemedti also met with former Prime Minister Hamdok and his <a href="/wiki/Taqaddum_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqaddum (Sudan)">Taqaddum</a> organisation in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, with the RSF agreeing in a declaration negotiated with the Taqaddum to release political prisoners, open up humanitarian aid corridors and negotiate further with the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> This tour was regarded by observers as an attempt by Hemedti to portray himself as the leader of Sudan and improve his international image, as his reputation had been severely damaged since the fall of Wad Madani due to large-scale looting by RSF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-Signals-194">[194]</a> On 5 January, al-Burhan vowed to continue the war against the RSF and rejected the latest peace efforts, declaring that war crimes committed by the RSF precluded negotiation.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> On 14 January, both Hemedti and Burhan received official invitations from IGAD to attend its upcoming summit on 18 January. Hemedti agreed to attend, but Burhan refused to do so. On the 16th of January, the Sudanese government suspended its ties with IGAD, accusing the body of violating Sudanese sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-Sovereign-197">[197]</a> This effectively marked the end of IGAD's attempts to mediate peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-Sovereign-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighting_in_Kordofan_and_Gezira">Fighting in Kordofan and Gezira</h4></div> As 2024 began the RSF made attacks into <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a>, defeating SAF forces in the town of <a href="/wiki/Habila" title="Habila">Habila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a> and pushing toward <a href="/wiki/Dalang,_South_Kordofan" title="Dalang, South Kordofan">Dalang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On 7 January the RSF attacked SAF positions in Dalang, meeting fierce resistance from the army and civilian militias.<a href="#cite_note-RwandaMemorial-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dalang-199">[199]</a> During the fighting the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) entered the city, taking control of several neighbourhoods. SPLM-N forces proceeded to attack the RSF, and the paramilitary retreated from the city.<a href="#cite_note-RSFDalangDefeat-200">[200]</a> RSF fighters withdrawing from Dalang entered the city of <a href="/wiki/Muglad" title="Muglad">Muglad</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Kordofan" title="West Kordofan">West Kordofan</a>, easily taking control as the city had no organised SAF presence. West Kordofan had been relatively free of fighting for several months due to a local truce brokered by leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Messiria_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Messiria tribe">Messiria tribe</a>, but as tensions escalated rumours spread that the RSF was planning an attack on the encircled city of <a href="/wiki/Babanusa" title="Babanusa">Babanusa</a> and the SAF 22nd Infantry Division garrisoning it.<a href="#cite_note-RSFDalangDefeat-200">[200]</a> In January 2024, the RSF focused on consolidating its gains in <a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira State</a>. Fighting was reported on 17 January east of <a href="/wiki/El_Manaqil" title="El Manaqil">El Manaqil</a>, the last major town not under RSF control. The SAF delivered weapons to the city by helicopter, including selectively distributing them among civilians in the town, attempting to bolster its defences. Sudan's <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Sudan)" title="General Intelligence Service (Sudan)">National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS)</a> selectively recruited and armed civilians based on perceived loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> On 24 January 2024, the RSF launched an attack on Babanusa after encircling the city for months. By 25 January, the RSF gained control of the city centre and entered the headquarters of the 22nd infantry division.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Until March 2024, the RSF maintained its position in Gezira State but was unable to break through.<a href="#cite_note-sudanwarmonitor.com-203">[203]</a> The RSF is recruiting in Gezira State to try to capture territory in El-Gadarif from the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">JEM</a>, which has allied with the SAF, helped the SAF build up its forces in <a href="/wiki/El-Gadarif" title="El-Gadarif">El-Gadarif</a> for a counteroffensive to try to retake <a href="/wiki/Wad_Madani" title="Wad Madani">Wad Madani</a>. In April 2024, the SAF and its allies began the counteroffensive, attacking from the east and west of Wad Madani in an attempt to retake it.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Clashes were reported in Al-Madina Arab on 15 April.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png/200px-Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>A sketch map of Omdurman with Khartoum and <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_North" title="Khartoum North">Khartoum North</a>. The <a href="/wiki/White_Nile" title="White Nile">White Nile</a> flowing from the south is joined by the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue Nile</a> flowing from the east.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SAF_gains_in_Omdurman">SAF gains in Omdurman</h4></div> The SAF gained ground in Omdurman in February 2024, linking up their forces in the northern part of the city and relieving a 10-month siege of their forces in the city centre. The SAF also took control of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Hilal_Stadium" title="Al-Hilal Stadium">Al-Hilal Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BreaksSiege-207">[207]</a> As of February 2024, the Omdurman front is the only area in Sudan where the SAF has carried out a sustained offensive operation and represents the first breakthrough for the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-BreaksSiege-207">[207]</a> On 12 March, the SAF defeated an attempted RSF counteroffensive in Omdurman and took control of the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_National_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan National Broadcasting Corporation">Sudan National Broadcasting Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The RSF maintains its control of Khartoum and continues to threaten Khartoum North.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> As of April 2024, fighting in Khartoum State is ongoing, with the RSF in control of the southern and western parts of Omdurman and the SAF in control of the northern and eastern parts of Omdurman, with the RSF controlling the majority of Khartoum and Khartoum North. The SAF continued to prepare an offensive to relieve its surrounded bases in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_North" title="Khartoum North">Khartoum North</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2024–present">April 2024–present</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighting_in_Darfur">Fighting in Darfur</h4></div> On 15 April, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Fasher" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of El Fasher">Battle of El Fasher</a>, at least nine civilians were killed in a renewed offensive by the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">RSF</a> on the city of <a href="/wiki/Al-Fashir" title="Al-Fashir">Al-Fashir</a> in North Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Joint_Darfur_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Darfur Force">Joint Darfur Force</a> declared war on the RSF and allied with the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> The fighting in El Fasher has diverted SAF resources from other areas, hampering planned counter-offensives to retake Khartoum and Wad Madani. In particular, the SAF has been using its limited aviation resources to carry out airstrikes in North Darfur and resupply El Fasher using airdrops.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Since April 2024, the conflict had been escalating in El Fasher, while the civilians remained trapped with no safety or food. In a June 2024 report, the International Crisis Group said the intensifying battle could lead to mass slaughter, and that there was a need for all sides to de-escalate. The report said the UN and the US should broker the de-escalation and must put pressure on the RSF and its main supporters, including the United Arab Emirates and Egypt. Crisis Group said the UAE should push the RSF to stand down, and urged all parties to allow the civilians to flee, open the region for aid delivery and resume national peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> On 14 June 2024, the SAF announced that it had killed <a href="/wiki/Ali_Yaqoub_Gibril" title="Ali Yaqoub Gibril">Ali Yaqoub Gibril</a>, a top RSF commander, in El Fasher. The United States had sanctioned Yagoub in May 2024 for endangering civilians in Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In June 2024, The New York Times reported that more than 40 villages had been burned in El Fasher since April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Fighting is ongoing in El Fasher, which remains the SAF's last holdout in Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> As of September 2024, the RSF has advanced into central areas of El Fasher, with the SAF's territorial control at its lowest point since intense fighting began in May 2024.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighting_in_Kordofan">Fighting in Kordofan</h4></div> As of May 2024, fighting is ongoing in <a href="/wiki/Babanusa" title="Babanusa">Babanusa</a>, West Kordofan. The RSF is conducting an offensive to attempt to take control of West Kordofan.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Fighting was also reported in North Kordofan.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> On 20 June 2024, the RSF captured <a href="/wiki/Al-Fulah" title="Al-Fulah">Al-Fulah</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Kordofan" title="West Kordofan">West Kordofan</a>, after the SAF withdrew from the city after several hours of fighting. The SAF retreated to Babanusa, its one remaining base in Kordofan.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighting_along_the_Nile">Fighting along the Nile</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sennar_offensive" title="Sennar offensive">Sennar offensive</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_nile_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Blue_nile_map.png/250px-Blue_nile_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Blue_nile_map.png/375px-Blue_nile_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Blue_nile_map.png/500px-Blue_nile_map.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue Nile</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Nile" title="White Nile">White Nile</a> rivers</figcaption></figure> In May 2024, the RSF launched attacks against the SAF between Khartoum State and <a href="/wiki/River_Nile_State" title="River Nile State">River Nile State</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/White_Nile_State" title="White Nile State">White Nile State</a> near the border with Gezira State. The SAF prepared its forces in River Nile State, ahead of a potential invasion of Khartoum Bahri.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In June 2024, the RSF was still in control of Khartoum and Khartoum North, though the SAF controlled one enclave in each that it supplies by airdrop.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In late June 2024, the RSF began an assault in the areas surrounding the city of Sennar. RSF forces struck out to the west of the city, causing the SAF to bring in reinforcements in anticipation of an attack on Sennar itself.<a href="#cite_note-Blitzkrieg-225">[225]</a> Instead RSF forces avoided Sennar and attacked south towards <a href="/wiki/Singa,_Sudan" title="Singa, Sudan">Singa</a>, the capital of Sennar State, capturing the lightly defended town on 29 June.<a href="#cite_note-Blitzkrieg-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> This prevented the SAF from reinforcing Sennar from the south, placing the city under increased pressure.<a href="#cite_note-Blitzkrieg-225">[225]</a> Following the fall of Singa, SAF resistance collapsed across much of southern Sennar, which led to the RSF occupying the towns of <a href="/wiki/Dinder,_Sudan" title="Dinder, Sudan">Dinder</a>, Mazmoun and Wad an-Nail with minimal SAF resistance.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> A united force consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Gedaref" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedaref">Gedaref</a>-based 2nd SAF Infantry Division and a battalion of the JEM assaulted and retook Dinder on 1 July, but were driven out again by the RSF over the next few days.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> On 20 July, the RSF announced the death of Brigadier General Abdel Rahman Al-Bishi, it is head of operations in Sennar and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_State" title="Blue Nile State">Blue Nile States</a>, with Sudanese media reporting that he had been killed in a SAF airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> On 3 August, the RSF launched its first attack on Blue Nile State since the beginning of the war, with the group and the SAF contesting control over Al-Tadamun.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> On 15 August 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Galgani_massacre" title="Galgani massacre">Galgani massacre</a> was carried out by the RSF, which killed at least 108 people,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> including at least 24 women and children.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SAF_offensives">SAF offensives</h4></div> As September 2024 came, for the first time since the start of the war the balance of power seemed to be tipping towards the SAF. On 26 September, the SAF launched a major offensive against RSF positions in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> The attack on the city came from three fronts striking from the south, east and west of the capital.<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[234]</a> SAF airstrikes, which killed four and wounded 14, began at dawn followed by clashes within the city. The SAF reportedly captured three key bridges connecting Khartoum to other nearby cities, including the <a href="/wiki/Omdurman_Bridge" title="Omdurman Bridge">Omdurman Bridge</a> which had previously acted as a line of separation between government and RSF control.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Faced with an elusive enemy, the SAF became bogged down in <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban fighting</a> - with RSF snipers routinely paralyzing infantry advances.<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[234]</a> October 2024 was the deadliest month for Sudanese civilians since the war began. In Khartoum, the RSF have relentlessly shelled areas controlled by the SAF, which has amounted to daily indiscriminate bombardments of civilian areas. Escalating SAF <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a> on RSF positions, have caused dozens of civilian deaths.<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[234]</a> In October 2024, the SAF also launched a counteroffensives in the states of <a href="/wiki/Sennar_State" title="Sennar State">Sennar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira</a> states, which were successfully recaptured from the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Starting on 20 October 2024, the RSF carried out the <a href="/wiki/2024_eastern_Gezira_State_massacres" title="2024 eastern Gezira State massacres">2024 eastern Gezira State massacres</a>, which killed at least 300 people and wounded at least 200 more.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> According to a report by the French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>, as of November 2024 the war in Sudan has possibly entered its most dangerous phase since it began in April 2023. Both the SAF and RSF have officially ruled out settling the civil war through negotiations, with the only option on the table being <a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">total war</a>. During the recent <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">rainy season</a> which brought a lull in the fighting, each side rearmed and restructured their forces.<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[234]</a> Many ordinary Sudanese, extending to the most serious critics of the SAF, have increasingly supported the SAF in response to RSF war crimes and atrocities. The SAF has become increasingly dependent on <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> networks, as these movements have mobilized many civilians from <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Sudan" title="Popular Resistance of Sudan">popular resistance brigades</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Al-Bara%27_ibn_Malik_Battalion" title="Al-Bara' ibn Malik Battalion">Al-Bara' ibn Malik Battalion</a> in particular is presently fighting on the <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> front lines against the RSF and has consequently gained popularity.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexual_violence">Sexual violence</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)#Sexual_violence" title="War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) § Sexual violence</a></div> In July 2023, authorities reported at least 88 cases of sexual assault on women across the country, most of them blamed on the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-240">[240]</a> NGOs estimated that the figure could possibly reach 4,400.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-241">[241]</a> Activist Hala al-Karib stated that war rape had become an everyday occurrence with both fighting parties participating.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a> reported that Sudanese women were forced to <a href="/wiki/Forced_prostitution" title="Forced prostitution">exchange sex for food</a> or become mistresses to RSF fighters to ensure their families’ safety and access to food.<a href="#cite_note-famine-243">[243]</a> In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> released a report which stated that sexual violence in Khartoum has been "widespread".<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The report states that most of this violence has been committed by the RSF, but added that the SAF has also participated in crimes against humanity. The report states that countless women and girls have been raped, gang-raped, forced into marriage and experienced sexual slavery.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Girls and women from ages nine to 60 have been subjected to sexual violence.<a href="#cite_note-:11-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div> According to a report published by <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> in November 2024, the war may have killed over 150,000 civilians through the combined tolls of bombardments, massacres, starvation and disease.<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[234]</a> A November 2024 report from the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a> estimated more than 61,000 deaths in Khartoum State alone, for the period between April 2023 and June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Early in the conflict doctors on the ground warned that reported figures did not include all casualties as people could not reach hospitals due to difficulties in movement.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Soon after the war broke out a spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Red_Crescent" title="Sudanese Red Crescent">Sudanese Red Crescent</a> was quoted as saying that the number of casualties "was not small".<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-78">[78]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Sultanate of Dar Masalit</a> claimed on 20 June 2023 that more than 5,000 people were killed and about 8,000 were wounded in fighting in <a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a> alone,<a href="#cite_note-dabanga5k-250">[250]</a> while a Masalit tribal leader told the Sudanese news outlet Ayin Network on 22 July 2023 that more than 10,000 people had been killed in the state.<a href="#cite_note-10kcnn-251">[251]</a> Sudanese prosecutors recorded over 500 missing persons cases across the country, some of which were <a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearance" title="Enforced disappearance">enforced disappearances</a>, and were mostly blamed on the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> On 2 May 2024, a US Senate hearing on the war estimated that between 15,000 and 30,000 people had died but considered that to be an underestimation by a factor of 10 to 15 times, saying the real death toll could be as high as 150,000.<a href="#cite_note-dabanga150-19">[19]</a> As of 27 May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Armed_Conflict_Location_and_Event_Data_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project">Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project</a> data reported 17,044 fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darfur">Darfur</h3></div> In <a href="/wiki/Geneina" title="Geneina">Geneina</a>, West Darfur, ethnic clashes that began in the last week of April 2023 had killed at least 1,100 people,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Sultanate of Dar Masalit</a> claimed that more than 5,000 people were killed and about 8,000 were wounded in the city.<a href="#cite_note-dabanga5k-250">[250]</a> In July 2023, a Masalit tribal leader claimed that more than 10,000 people had been killed in West Darfur alone, and that 80% of Geneina's residents had fled.<a href="#cite_note-10kcnn-251">[251]</a> Massacres were recorded in towns such as <a href="/wiki/Tawila" title="Tawila">Tawila</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-255">[255]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misterei" title="Misterei">Misterei</a>,<a href="#cite_note-misterei-110">[110]</a> while a mass grave was discovered in Geneina containing the bodies of 87 people killed in clashes.<a href="#cite_note-mass_grave-144">[144]</a> Several intellectuals, politicians, professionals and nobility were assassinated. Most of these atrocities were blamed on the RSF and allied Arab militias. The UK government,<a href="#cite_note-ukcleansing22-256">[256]</a> witnesses and other observers described the violence in the region as tantamount to <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, with non-Arab groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a> being the primary victims.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-255">[255]</a> Mujeebelrahman Yagoub, Assistant Commissioner for Refugees in West Darfur called the violence worse than the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> in 2003 and the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a> in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Sudan">Eastern Sudan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_eastern_Gezira_State_massacres" title="2024 eastern Gezira State massacres">2024 eastern Gezira State massacres</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_healthcare">Attacks on healthcare</h3></div> The World Health Organization’s Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) reported 116 attacks on healthcare, resulting in 188 casualties and 140 injured since April 15, 2023. There have been almost daily reports of violence, damage, looting, intimidation, and other infractions against health workers, facilities, services such as ambulances, and patients.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties_among_humanitarian_workers">Casualties among humanitarian workers</h3></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabkabiya" title="Battle of Kabkabiya">Battle of Kabkabiya</a>, three employees of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP) were killed after being caught in the crossfire at a military base. Two other staff members were injured.<a href="#cite_note-aj-259">[259]</a> On 18 April 2023, the EU's top humanitarian aid officer in Sudan, Wim Fransen of Belgium, was shot and injured in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> On 21 April 2023, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> (IOM) reported that one of its local employees was killed in a crossfire while traveling with his family near <a href="/wiki/El-Obeid" title="El-Obeid">El-Obeid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> On 20 July 2023, an 18-member team of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> was attacked while transporting supplies to the Turkish Hospital in south Khartoum. By then, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> had verified 51 attacks on medical facilities and personnel since the conflict began, resulting in 10 deaths and 24 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> On 25 July 2023, Humanitarian Coordinator Clementine Nkweta-Salami said 18 aid workers had been killed and over two dozen others were detained or unaccounted for.<a href="#cite_note-clementine-263">[263]</a> The conflict has led the United Nations to declare Sudan the most dangerous country in the world for humanitarian workers after South Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> The situation was further compounded by attacks on humanitarian facilities, with more than 50 warehouses looted, 82 offices ransacked, and over 200 vehicles stolen. On 2 June 2023, the WFP reported that the looting of WFP warehouses in El Obeid jeopardised the food supply of up to 4.4 million people.<a href="#cite_note-looting-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_journalists">Attacks on journalists</h3></div> The SAF and RSF are accused of threatening, attacking, and killing journalists during the conflict. The <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Journalists_Syndicate" title="Sudanese Journalists Syndicate">Sudanese Journalists Syndicate</a> documented over 40 violations in May alone. Several journalists were injured or killed, and 13 newspapers ceased operations. Humanitarian workers were also targeted, with 18 killed and many others detained. Media organizations accused both the SAF and the RSF of threatening, attacking and even killing several journalists during the conflict, with the Sudanese Journalists Syndicate documenting more than 40 such violations during the second half of May alone.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Aside from the occupation of state media channels, the RSF raided the offices of the newspapers El Hirak El Siyasi, El Madaniya and the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Communist_Party" title="Sudanese Communist Party">Sudanese Communist Party</a>'s El Midan<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> and shot and injured photojournalists Faiz Abubakr,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> and Ali Shata,<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> while the SAF was accused of circulating lists of journalists it accused of supporting the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> journalist Mohamed Othman was reportedly attacked and beaten in Khartoum while a correspondent and cameramen for the El Sharg news outlet were detained for hours near Merowe airport on the first day of the fighting on 15 April 2023. On 16 June 2023, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a> journalists Osama Sayed Ahmed and Ahmed El Buseili were shot by snipers in Khartoum,<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> while the RSF detained two of the channel's other reporters, Ahmed Fadl and Rashid Gibril, in Khartoum on 16 May 2023, and subsequently looted Fadl's residence. During a live report on 29 April 2023, <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">al-Arabiya</a> correspondent Salem Mahmoud was interrupted and questioned by the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> On 30 June 2023, Radio Zalingei journalist Samaher Abdelshafee was killed by shelling at Hasaheisa refugee camp near Zalingei, where she and her family had fled after fighting in the city.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Sudan TV photographer Esam Marajan was shot dead inside his home in the Beit El Mal neighborhood of Omdurman in the first week of August 2023.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Sports photojournalist Esam El Haj was killed during clashes around the Al-Shajara garrison in Khartoum on 20 August 2023.<a href="#cite_note-childsoldier-276">[276]</a> Halima Idris Salim, a reporter for Sudan Bukra was killed on 10 October 2023 after she was reportedly struck by an RSF vehicle while covering the fighting in Omdurman.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> The Sudanese Journalists Syndicate (SJS) reported on 10 August 2023 that 13 newspapers had ceased operations due to the conflict, while FM radio stations and channels also halted broadcasts, with journalists grappling with unpaid wages.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> It later reported in December 2023 that the RSF had turned the premises of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">Sudan Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SBC) into a detention center and was involved in the looting of other media outlets, including the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s Khartoum branch, and the sale of media equipment, including that of the SBC, in markets in Omdurman.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Intermittent telecommunications and internet since the beginning of the conflict, and in particular a near total blackout in February and March 2024 severely limited reporting in and from Sudan. The RSF is reportedly selling access to <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> to get around the blackout,<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> which allegedly allows them to track journalists.<a href="#cite_note-Starlink-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-CPJ-282">[282]</a> In April 2024, the government suspended the licenses of three foreign media outlets (UAE-based <a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Arabia" title="Sky News Arabia">Sky News Arabia</a>, Saudi-based <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> and Al Hadath),<a href="#cite_note-CPJ-282">[282]</a> while the editor of the now-closed Al-Sudani said that 23 local print outlets had shut down.<a href="#cite_note-Starlink-281">[281]</a> Casualties in 2024 include Khalid Balal (a media director), who was fatally shot at his home in North Darfur on 1 March, as well as many journalists who were beaten. Harassment—including sexual harassment—and detention were also reported, including the editor-in-chief of al-Maidan, a local news outlet, who is under RSF custody as of April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-CPJ-282">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_casualties">Foreign casualties</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright"> <caption>Foreign casualties in the Sudanese civil war </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Deaths </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:4-283">[283]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Al-Awsat_diplo-284">[284]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:6-285">[285]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:7-286">[286]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:8-287">[287]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:9-288">[288]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-www.cnn.com-2023-289">[289]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:10-290">[290]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Civilians, including 15 Syrians,<a href="#cite_note-Al-Awsat_diplo-284">[284]</a> 15 Ethiopians<a href="#cite_note-:4-283">[283]</a> and 9 Eritreans<a href="#cite_note-:7-286">[286]</a> have been killed across the country. An Indian national working in Khartoum died after being hit by a stray bullet on 15 April.<a href="#cite_note-www.cnn.com-2023-289">[289]</a> Two Americans were killed, including a professor working in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Khartoum" title="University of Khartoum">University of Khartoum</a> who was stabbed to death while evacuating.<a href="#cite_note-:9-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> A two-year-old girl from Turkey was killed while her parents were injured after their house was struck by a rocket on 18 April.<a href="#cite_note-:10-290">[290]</a> Two Egyptian doctors were killed in their home in Khartoum and had their possessions stolen on 13 June.<a href="#cite_note-:8-287">[287]</a> Ten students from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> were killed in an SAF airstrike on the <a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Africa" title="International University of Africa">International University of Africa</a> in Khartoum on 4 June.<a href="#cite_note-:6-285">[285]</a> The SAF claimed that the Egyptian assistant military attaché was killed by RSF fire while driving his car in Khartoum, which was refuted by the Egyptian ambassador.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Two Greek nationals trapped in a church on 15 April sustained leg injuries when caught in crossfire while trying to leave.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> A Filipino migrant worker<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> and an Indonesian student at a school in Khartoum were injured by stray bullets.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> On 17 April, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Ambassador">European Union Ambassador</a> to Sudan, <a href="/wiki/Aidan_O%27Hara" title="Aidan O'Hara">Aidan O'Hara</a> of Ireland, was assaulted by unidentified "armed men wearing military fatigues" in his home, he suffered minor injuries and was able to resume working on 19 April.<a href="#cite_note-Ambassador-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-Residents_flee-298">[298]</a> On 23 April, a French evacuation convoy was shot at, injuring one person.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2023-2-299">[299]</a> The French government later confirmed the casualty to be a French soldier.<a href="#cite_note-France538-300">[300]</a> An employee of the Egyptian embassy was shot and injured during an evacuation mission.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_deaths">Notable deaths</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Abdelmajid" title="Asia Abdelmajid">Asia Abdelmajid</a>, an actress, was killed in a crossfire in Khartoum North.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li>A singer, <a href="/wiki/Shaden_Gardood" title="Shaden Gardood">Shaden Gardood</a>, was killed in a crossfire in Omdurman, as was former football player <a href="/wiki/Fozi_el-Mardi" title="Fozi el-Mardi">Fozi el-Mardi</a> and his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li>Araki Abdelrahim, a member of the music group <a href="/wiki/Igd_al-Jalad" title="Igd al-Jalad">Igd al-Jalad</a>, was killed by the shelling of a mosque in the El-Shajara neighborhood of west Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li>The governor of <a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khamis_Abakar" title="Khamis Abakar">Khamis Abakar</a>, was abducted and killed by armed men hours after accusing the RSF of genocide and calling for international intervention in a TV interview.<a href="#cite_note-governor-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abkar_Barqo_Abdel-Rahman" title="Ahmed Abkar Barqo Abdel-Rahman">Ahmed Abkar Barqo Abdel-Rahman</a>, a former member of <a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">parliament</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_people" title="Zaghawa people">Zaghawa</a>, was killed by the RSF in a raid on his house in Nyala.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_involvement">Foreign involvement</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3></div> On 16 April 2023, the RSF claimed that its troops in Port Sudan were attacked by foreign aircraft and issued a warning against any foreign interference.<a href="#cite_note-egy1-307">[307]</a> According to former <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> analyst Cameron Hudson, Egyptian fighter jets were a part of these bombing campaigns against the RSF, and Egyptian special forces units have been deployed and are providing intelligence and tactical support to the SAF.<a href="#cite_note-egy2-308">[308]</a> The Wall Street Journal said that Egypt had sent fighter jets and pilots to support the Sudanese military.<a href="#cite_note-for1-309">[309]</a> On 17 April, satellite imagery obtained by The War Zone revealed that one Egyptian Air Force <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29M#Variants" title="Mikoyan MiG-29M">MiG-29M2</a> fighter jet had been destroyed and two others had been damaged or destroyed at <a href="/wiki/Merowe_Airport" title="Merowe Airport">Merowe Airbase</a>. A Sudanese Air Force <a href="/wiki/Guizhou_JL-9" title="Guizhou JL-9">Guizhou JL-9</a> was among the destroyed aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> After initial confusion, the RSF accepted the explanation that Egyptian combat and support personnel were conducting exercises with the Sudanese military before the outbreak of hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egyptian_POWs">Egyptian POWs</h4></div> On 15 April, RSF forces claimed, via Twitter, to have taken Egyptian troops prisoner near <a href="/wiki/Merowe,_Sudan" title="Merowe, Sudan">Merowe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> and a military plane carrying markings of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AJreturn-313">[313]</a> Initially, no official explanation was given for the Egyptian soldiers' presence, while Egypt and Sudan have had military cooperation due to diplomatic tensions with <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-314">[314]</a> Later on, the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Egyptian Armed Forces</a> stated that around 200 of its soldiers were in Sudan to conduct exercises with the Sudanese military.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-71">[71]</a> Around that time, the SAF reportedly encircled RSF forces in Merowe airbase. As a result, the Egyptian Armed Forces announced that it was following the situation as a precaution for the safety of its personnel.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The RSF later stated that it would cooperate in repatriating the soldiers to Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-AJreturn-313">[313]</a> On 19 April, the RSF stated that it had moved the soldiers to Khartoum and would hand them over when the "appropriate opportunity" arose.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> One hundred and seventy-seven of the captured Egyptian troops were released and flown back to Egypt aboard three Egyptian military planes that took off from Khartoum airport later in the day. The remaining 27 soldiers, who were from the Egyptian Air Force, were sheltered at the Egyptian embassy and later evacuated.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3></div> A report published by the Wall Street Journal on 10 August 2023 quoted Ugandan officials as saying that an <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">Emirati</a> plane on a stopover at <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Entebbe Airport">Entebbe Airport</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Amdjarass" title="Amdjarass">Amdjarass</a> International Airport in eastern Chad turned out upon inspection to have been carrying dozens of green plastic crates in the plane's cargo hold filled with ammunition, assault rifles and other small arms", rather than food and other aid officially listed on the aircraft's manifest supposedly meant for Sudanese refugees. Despite the discovery, the plane was allowed to take off, and the officials said they received orders from their superiors not to inspect any more planes from the UAE. Before this, the UAE had long been accused of supporting the RSF. The <a href="/wiki/UAE_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE Foreign Ministry">UAE Foreign Ministry</a> subsequently denied the allegations, saying that the country "does not take sides" in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-MEECAR-319">[319]</a> In September 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that the UAE had set up a base in Amdjarass airport to support the RSF. Officials from the US, European and African countries claimed that the UAE was running a covert operation to back the RSF. Since June, Emirati cargo planes were identified landing in Amdjarass in Chad, where an airfield and a hospital were being used for the operation. These flights began just as Chad's president <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> secured a $1.5 billion loan agreement from the UAE. The UAE insisted its operation was purely humanitarian, but officials stated that it involved supplying powerful weapons and drones to the RSF, treating their injured fighters and airlifting serious cases to their military hospital. The relationship between UAE and the leader of the RSF reportedly dates back to 2018, when Hemedti sent combatants into southern <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> to fight against the <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-320">[320]</a> SAF deputy commander Yasir El Atta also claimed that the UAE was also using <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena_International_Airport" title="N'Djamena International Airport">N'Djamena International Airport</a> in Chad and another airport in the Central African Republic to deliver weapons to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-atta-321">[321]</a> Following these allegations, protests erupted in Port Sudan on 1 December demanding the expulsion of the UAE's ambassador, while al-Burhan was reported to have cancelled his participation at the <a href="/wiki/COP28" class="mw-redirect" title="COP28">COP28</a> summit held in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> On 10 December 2023, Sudan ordered the expulsion from the country of 15 Emirati diplomats. No reason was provided, but it came amid reports that the UAE had been providing weapons to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The day before, three Sudanese diplomats were ordered expelled from the UAE following comments made by SAF deputy commander <a href="/wiki/Yasser_al-Atta" title="Yasser al-Atta">Yasser al-Atta</a> during which he accused the UAE of supporting the RSF and called the country a "mafia state".<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_permanent_representatives_of_Sudan_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of permanent representatives of Sudan to the United Nations">Sudan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations</a>, Al-Harith Idriss Al-Harith Mohamed criticized the UAE in a letter to the UN Security Council. In the 78-page complaint, he claimed that the UAE planned and supported the RSF campaigns against the SAF, adding that the UAE used Chad to transport military supplies and mercenaries through its territory. The letter also urged the council to take action and push the UAE to stop supporting the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> In April 2024, the Sudanese government said that the UAE sent new supplies to the RSF through Cameroon and Chad.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> Sudan's representative to the UN, Al-Harith Idriss submitted a request for an emergency UN Security Council meeting to discuss the UAE's provision of weapons to the RSF, saying that it "makes the UAE an accomplice in all its crimes".<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> On 24 May 2024, a closed-door meeting was held by the UN Security Council on Sudan. Al-Harith Idriss criticized the meeting's format for not addressing the UAE's alleged aggressive acts against Sudan. He said that instead of meeting Sudan's expectations or addressing the seriousness of the situation, the UN meeting impaired the urgency of Sudanese concerns. Meanwhile, another meeting scheduled for April 2024 to discuss Sudan's complaint against the UAE was also postponed at the UK's request to protect its economic interests with the Emirates. Mozambique's Ambassador broadly discussed Sudan's grave situation, which was acknowledged by Idriss.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> A report in May 2024 revealed that the RSF was getting weapons from the UAE via networks in Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, and <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>. The RSF were carrying out their business, finance, logistics and PR operations from the Emirates. Besides, Hemedti reportedly travelled to a few African countries in an Emirati aircraft belonging to a firm of an Emirati royal and an adviser to <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed bin Zayed">Mohamed bin Zayed</a>. In Sudan, the UAE is interested in its gold and is also planning to build ports along the Sudanese Red Sea coast.<a href="#cite_note-TG-24-05-2024-329">[329]</a> US Democratic members of Congress called on the UAE to stop backing the RSF, warning that a "crisis of epic proportions is brewing" in a letter to Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> that expressed "grave concern over the arms supply by the Emirates to the RSF".<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> The UK also called on the UAE to end its support to the RSF, following which the Emirates cancelled multiple ministerial meetings with British officials.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> In June 2024, a BBC investigation found evidence of the involvement of Iran and the UAE in violating the UN arms embargo by providing drones in the Sudanese conflict. In March 2024, video evidence showed that Sudanese soldiers recaptured the state broadcaster's headquarters in Khartoum with the assistance of Iranian-made drones. A drone expert, Wim Zwijnenburg also observed that an army drone shot down by the RSF in January 2024 resembled the Iranian-made <a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a> drone. Evidence also revealed the use of quadcopter drones by the RSF, which <a href="/wiki/Brian_Castner" title="Brian Castner">Brian Castner</a> claimed belonged to the UAE. The drones are capable of dropping 120mm mortar shells, which had been supplied by the Emirates to its allies in the Yemen and Ethiopian wars.<a href="#cite_note-iran_drones-333">[333]</a> In June 2024, a 41-page document was sent to the UN Security Council alleging that UAE nationals were involved in the RSF's campaign. Photographs of four passports belonging to male UAE nationals were provided, allegedly having been recovered from a wrecked vehicle in Omdurman in February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> US representative <a href="/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">Sara Jacobs</a> said the Sudan war could be ended quickly if the involvement of foreign players like the UAE is ended. She said the US is morally obligated to respond to the situation and that it must stop providing arms to the UAE, to ensure that it does not supply weapons to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> American rapper <a href="/wiki/Macklemore" title="Macklemore">Macklemore</a> cancelled a concert that was to take place in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> in October 2024, citing the UAE's involvement "in the ongoing genocide and humanitarian crisis" in Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> The UAE's involvement in the conflict was linked to its agricultural investment in Sudan since the 1970s. The UAE imports 90% of Sudan's food, but extensive smuggling and illicit trade routes made tracking of Sudanese exports difficult. Meanwhile, the UAE's International Holding Company (IHC) and Jenaan Investment are involved in farming in Sudan. The IHC leads the Abu Hamad farming project, under which the agricultural area will be linked to the Red Sea's Abu Amama Port. Initially, the UAE made an investment of $6 billion in the project. A Sudanese analyst, Amgad Fareid Eltayeb mentioned that the UAE intended to ensure that its investments and its influence in Sudan continued, and hence it is ensuring to maintain the RSF's presence in the country.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> In September 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Patriots_for_Change" title="Coalition of Patriots for Change">Coalition of Patriots for Change</a>, a rebel group based in the Central African Republic, revealed that the UAE was using Russia's <a href="/wiki/Wagner_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner group">Wagner group</a> to supply arms to the RSF. The coalition captured various shipments of weapons that were supplied by the UAE and transported to the RSF by the Wagner mercenaries through the CAR. These shipments reportedly continued until April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> In a report released by Human Rights Watch on 9 September 2024, evidence suggested that the warring sides were using newly acquired modern weapons from foreign nations. Photos and videos posted on social media were analyzed by the HRW, revealing that the UAE was supplying weapons and equipment to the RSF. It identified crates of Yugoimport munitions, which were manufactured in 2020 and originally procured by the UAE Armed Forces Joint Logistic Command before the conflict began. The munitions were sent to the UAE under a consignment that banned re-exports. The contract involved Adasi, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/EDGE_Group" title="EDGE Group">EDGE Group</a>, as per the contract number observed on the crates. The group also called for the UN Security Council to extend and broaden the arms embargo and its restrictions on Sudan, ensuring that violators were held accountable.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> The hospital just across the border in Amdjarass, built by the UAE branch of the Red Crescent without informing the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">international federation</a>, is also home to a drone hangar and weapons bunker. Chinese-made drones based there with a range of 1,000 miles have been spotted flying over El Fasher and providing surveillance for weapons convoys. These drones can be controlled either from the control centre in Amdjarass or from the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> On 30 September 2024, the UAE reported that the residence of its ambassador in Khartoum was attacked by an SAF aircraft, condemning the incident as a “heinous attack.” In response, Sudan's foreign ministry rejected the UAE's claims, labelling them as “false allegations.”<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> The SAF blamed the RSF for the incident.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> On 14 October 2024, Sudan rejected the Emirati claims of the aircraft attack, saying that it will resort to international law to take legal action against the UAE and compel it to compensate for the damages caused by its long-standing backing of the RSF. Foreign Minister Hussein Awad said that Sudan already submitted memos to the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice. The UAE's allegations were called “unfounded”, following the footage from the next day of the bombing that displayed the building intact. Sudan claimed the UAE's lies were out of frustration over reports of its direct support to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> In October 2024, the RSF mistakenly shot down a military plane in Sudan's Malha region, killing two Russian crew members and three Sudanese on board. <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Observatory" title="Conflict Observatory">Conflict Observatory</a> identified the aircraft as an Ilyushin Il-76, affiliated with Kyrgyzstan's New Way Cargo. Evidence suggested that the plane was involved in arms shipments from the UAE to the RSF. Identity documents found at the crash site included a passport and an ID of a Russian, Viktor Granov, linked to a UAE-based company, Airline Transport Incorporation FZC.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> For much of the Sudanese civil war Russia has taken a generally neutral stance, not clearly backing either the RSF or SAF.<a href="#cite_note-MEERussia-348">[348]</a> This neutral attitude began to shift during mid-2024, with the Russian government beginning to favour the SAF, concurrent with the SAF emphasising its support for the construction of a Russian naval base north of Port Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-MEERussia-348">[348]</a> This move by the SAF was calculated to exploit tensions between Russia and western powers following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, offering the Russian government an opportunity to expand its international military influence in exchange for an international ally willing to both oppose the United Arab Emirates and provide significant weaponry.<a href="#cite_note-MEERussia-348">[348]</a> The SAF had at this stage of the conflict suffered several successive defeats at the hands of the RSF, making them more eager to make concessions to win international support.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wagner_Group">Wagner Group</h4></div> According to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, Wagner supplied <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> to the RSF, picking up the items from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and delivering some of them by plane to Haftar-controlled bases in Libya to be then delivered to the RSF, while dropping other items directly to RSF positions in northwestern Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> American officials said that Wagner was offering to supply additional weapons to the RSF from its existing stocks in the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> On 6 September, Wagner reportedly deployed a convoy of more than 100 vehicles carrying weapons to the RSF garrison in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Zurug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Zurug (page does not exist)">al-Zurug</a> from Chad.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-352">[352]</a> SAF Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Yasser_al-Atta" title="Yasser al-Atta">Yasser al-Atta</a> also accused the Wagner Group of bringing in mercenaries from several African nations to fight alongside the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-atta-321">[321]</a> The head of the Wagner Group, <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, denied supporting the RSF, saying that the company has not had a presence in Sudan for more than two years.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> The RSF denied allegations that Wagner Group was supporting them, instead stating that the SAF was seeking such support.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-libya-ahram-355">[355]</a> As relations between the Russian government and the SAF improved during mid-2024, the latter publicly claimed that the Wagner Group was no longer operating in Sudan. This claim was contradicted by observers but further signified the Russian government's increasing support for the SAF despite the Wagner Group supporting the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-MEERussia-348">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> In June 2024, a BBC investigation found evidence of the involvement of Iran and the UAE in violating the UN arms embargo by providing drones in the Sudanese conflict. In March 2024, a piece of video evidence showed that Sudanese soldiers recaptured the state broadcaster's headquarters in Khartoum with the assistance of Iranian-made drones. A drone expert, Wim Zwijnenburg also observed that an army drone shot down by the RSF in January 2024 resembled the Iranian-made <a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a> drone. Evidence also revealed the use of quadcopter drones by the RSF, which <a href="/wiki/Brian_Castner" title="Brian Castner">Brian Castner</a> claimed belonged to the UAE. The drones are capable of dropping 120mm motor shells, are had been supplied by the Emirates to its allies in the Yemen and Ethiopian wars.<a href="#cite_note-iran_drones-333">[333]</a> Despite longtime frosty relations between the Sudanese government and Iran, the Iranian government gave military and political support to the SAF. Most prominently, the Iranian government has supplied Mohajer-6 drones to the SAF, which are viewed by journalist Wim Zwijnenburg as a major tactical boon for the Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-Mashamoun-356">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> The drones were later credited with the SAF's success in retaking the Sudanese state media company's headquarters from the RSF in March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> Iran's support for the SAF was viewed by analyst Jihad Mashamoun as being motivated by a desire to gain access to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, as well as an attempt to undermine the United Arab Emirates' support for the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-Mashamoun-356">[356]</a> Senior Sudanese government officials denied receiving such aid from Iran.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> On 10 April, Reuters reported that Iranian-made drones had helped the army push back the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-drones-361">[361]</a> In October 2023, Sudan reestablished diplomatic relations with Iran which had been broken off since 2016. In July 2024, Hassan Shah Hosseini became the Iranian ambassador to Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_foreign_actors">Other foreign actors</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weapons_supply">Weapons supply</h4></div> In July 2024 Amnesty International reported that large numbers of recently manufactured weapons and ammunition were being transported into Sudan from China, Russia, Turkey, Yemen, the UAE and Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-:11-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-363">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chad">Chad</h4></div> On 7 June 2023, Hissein Alamine Tchaw-tchaw, a Chadian dissident who belongs to the same ethnic group as Hemedti and claims to be the leader of the Movement for the Fight of the Oppressed in Chad (MFOC), which is fighting the government of President <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a>, posted a video showing his participation in an RSF attack on the Yarmouk munitions factory in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> On 17 November 2023, the SLM-Minnawi and the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">Justice and Equality Movement</a> (JEM) accused the Chadian government of supporting the RSF, and "supplying it with military equipment and mercenaries by opening its territory and airspace".<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> A report from Africa Analyst alleged that Chadian soldiers belonging to a joint Chadian-Sudanese command under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Bahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Bahr (page does not exist)">Osman Bahr</a> intercepted a shipment of military equipment intended for the RSF on its way from <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> and gave it instead to the JEM, which the latter denied.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> linked Chad's junta receiving financial support from the UAE in exchange for allowing it to support the RSF through Amdjarass airport.<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-eco-367">[367]</a> Following accusations by SAF deputy commander Yasser al-Atta of Chadian government support for the RSF, the Chadian government unsuccessfully demanded an apology from the Sudanese ambassador and expelled four Sudanese diplomats from the country on 17 December.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> On 5 November 2024, the government of Sudan filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> demanding reparations from Chad for their support of the RSF, accusing Chad of violating international law.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kenya">Kenya</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Ruto_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/William_Ruto_2023.jpg/170px-William_Ruto_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/William_Ruto_2023.jpg/255px-William_Ruto_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/William_Ruto_2023.jpg/340px-William_Ruto_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> was frequently accused by the SAF of supporting the RSF.</figcaption></figure> The SAF rejected Kenya's involvement in mediation efforts to end the conflict in July after al-Burhan accused President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> of having a business relationship with Hemedti and providing a haven to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> In response to proposals for a peacekeeping force composed by African countries to be deployed in Sudan made in an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD) committee chaired by Ruto, the SAF's Assistant Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General Yasir Alatta accused Ruto of being a mercenary of another country, whom he did not identify, and dared Ruto to deploy the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Army" title="Kenya Army">Kenyan army</a> and that of his alleged backer.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> On 7 September, the Sudanese government threatened to withdraw the country's membership in IGAD unless Ruto was removed as chairman of the mediation committee.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> In response, Kenyan Foreign Secretary Abraham Korir Sing'oei called these allegations "baseless",<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_and_Diaspora_Affairs_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs (Kenya)">Kenyan Foreign Ministry</a> insisted on the country's neutrality in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> A hacking group calling itself <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_Sudan" title="Anonymous Sudan">Anonymous Sudan</a> launched cyberattacks on <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan government">Kenyan government</a> and private websites in the last week of July.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libyan_National_Army">Libyan National Army</h4></div> The Egypt-backed <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>, dispatched aircraft to fly military supplies to the RSF before the outbreak of hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianHaftar-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-for1-309">[309]</a> Haftar and the LNA collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>, a Russian <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">private military company</a>, to conduct these flights.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianHaftar-377">[377]</a> Haftar's support for a different faction in Sudan than the Egyptian government was commented on by <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>, which viewed it as a sign of Egyptian weakness due to economic malaise and reliance on Haftar to police Eastern Libya, which constitutes a security concern for the Egyptian government. The New Arab also viewed the LNA's role in the conflict as signifying a shift in its diplomatic orientation, from being primarily backed by Egypt to being primarily backed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Sudan–Ukraine relations">Sudan–Ukraine relations</a></div> On 19 September 2023, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that it was "likely" that <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Ukraine)" title="Special Operations Forces (Ukraine)">Ukrainian special forces</a> were behind a series of drone strikes and a ground operation directed against the Wagner Group-backed RSF near Khartoum on 8 September.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-352">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a>, the chief of the Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">Main Directorate of Intelligence</a>, stated in an interview on 22 September that he could <a href="/wiki/Glomar_response" title="Glomar response">neither confirm or deny</a> Ukraine's involvement in the conflict,<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> but said that Ukraine "will be seeking and hunting down Russian military criminals ... sooner or later".<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> On 6 November, the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> released drone footage of what it claimed was Ukrainian special forces attacking Wagner Group personnel in an unidentified urban area in Sudan with an explosive projectile, which was believed to have been taken about two weeks before its publication.<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> Two months later on 30 January 2024, the Kyiv Post reported that Ukrainian special forces had launched three drone strikes targeting the Wagner Group and other Russian organisations in Sudan as well as their Sudanese partners in the preceding weeks.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> The Kyiv Post released a report on 5 February 2024 with a video showing the aftermath of an attack allegedly by Ukrainian special forces on a Wagner Group unit which had purportedly suffered several deaths and the capture of at least one member of the unit who was seen being interrogated on camera.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4></div> In June 2024, The Guardian reported that according to multiple sources, UK government officials "attempted to suppress criticism" of the United Arab Emirates and its alleged role in supplying arms to the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-:2-384">[384]</a> Furthermore, the UK is the UN Security Council's "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penholder_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penholder System (page does not exist)">penholder</a>"<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> for Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-:2-384">[384]</a> In early 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> initiated secret talks between the RSF and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals">Evacuation of foreign nationals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Evacuation of foreign nationals during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Evacuation of foreign nationals during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf/page1-220px-ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf/page1-330px-ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf/page1-440px-ECDM_20230505_DM_Sudan_Conflict.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>Repatriations through the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/220px-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/330px-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/440px-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4611" data-file-height="3196" /></a><figcaption>Foreign nationals being evacuated to port of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></figcaption></figure> The outbreak of violence has led foreign governments to monitor the situation in Sudan and move toward the evacuation and repatriation of their nationals. Among some countries with several expatriates in Sudan are <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, which has more than 10,000 citizens in the country,<a href="#cite_note-Foreigners-387">[387]</a> and the United States, which has more than 16,000 citizens, most of whom are <a href="/wiki/Dual_national" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual national">dual nationals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> Efforts at extraction were hampered by the fighting within the capital Khartoum, particularly in and around the airport. This has forced evacuations to be undertaken by road via <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, which lies about 650 km (400 miles) northeast of Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> from where they were airlifted or ferried directly to their home countries or third ones. Other evacuations were undertaken through overland border crossings or airlifts from diplomatic missions and other designated locations with direct involvement of the militaries of some home countries. Some transit hubs used during the evacuation include the port of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> in Saudi Arabia and <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, which hosts military bases of the United States, China, Japan, France, and other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> The repeated violations of the <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire agreements</a> and other atrocities during the conflict led to U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> issuing an executive order on 4 May 2023 authorizing sanctions for those deemed responsible for destabilizing Sudan, undermining the democratic transition and committing human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> On 1 June, the US government imposed its first sanctions related to the conflict, targeting two firms associated with the SAF and two others linked to the RSF. It also imposed visa restrictions against individuals involved in the violence but did not divulge any names.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> On 6 September, the <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/US_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Treasury">US Treasury</a> imposed sanctions on the RSF's deputy commander and Hemedti's brother <a href="/wiki/Abdelrahim_Dagalo" title="Abdelrahim Dagalo">Abdelrahim Dagalo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Jumma" title="Abdel Rahman Jumma">Abdel Rahman Jumma</a>, the RSF's top commander in West Darfur, over "extensive" human rights violations during the conflict, with Jumma in particular being accused of masterminding the assassination of the state's governor Khamis Abakar in June.<a href="#cite_note-us_sanctions_rsf-393">[393]</a> On 28 September, it sanctioned former foreign minister and leader of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudanese_Islamic_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudanese Islamic Movement (page does not exist)">Sudanese Islamic Movement</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Karti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Karti">Ali Karti</a>, the Sudan-based GSK Advance Company Ltd, and the Russia-based military company Aviatrade LLC, accusing Karti and other Islamist hardliners of obstructing efforts toward a ceasefire and accusing the firms of supporting the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> On 4 December, the State Department imposed sanctions on three former officials of the Bashir regime, namely former minister and presidential aide Taha Osman Ahmed al-Hussein and former directors of the Sudanese National Intelligence and Security Services Salah Abdallah Mohamed Salah aka Sala Gosh and Mohamed Etta Elmoula Abbas, citing Al-Hussein's involvement in coordinating with regional actors to support the RSF, Gosh's plotting to overthrow the civilian-led transitional government, and Elmoula's attempts to restore the Bashir regime to power.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> On 15 May 2024, the US imposed sanctions on the RSF's head of operations Osman Mohamed Hamid Mohamed and its commander in <a href="/wiki/Central_Darfur" title="Central Darfur">Central Darfur</a> Ali Yagoub Gibril for their role in the fighting in North Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h4></div> On 12 July 2023, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> announced sanctions on firms linked to the SAF and the RSF for providing funds and weapons in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-2mf24-398">[398]</a> On 15 April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> imposed sanctions on two individuals and four entities linked to the SAF and the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> On 23 June 2024, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> imposed sanctions on six entities for manufacturing and procuring weapons for the SAF and the RSF.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humanitarian_impact">Humanitarian impact</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impact_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Humanitarian impact of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Humanitarian impact of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div> The humanitarian crisis following the fighting was further exacerbated by the violence occurring during a period of high temperatures, and drought starting during the fasting month of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>. Civilians were unable to venture outside of their homes to obtain food and supplies for fear of getting caught in the crossfire. A doctors' group said that hospitals remained understaffed and were running low on supplies as wounded people streamed in.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) recorded around 26 attacks on healthcare facilities, some of which resulted in casualties among medical workers and civilians.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> The WHO said 80% of hospitals in conflict areas were out of service<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> with 32 forcibly evacuated by soldiers or caught in the crossfire.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> This included about half of Khartoum's 130 medical facilities and all hospitals in West Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-3000jpost-405">[405]</a> Outbreaks of diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a> were reported across the country.<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> In August 2024 cholera was declared an epidemic in the country and as of 8 September 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 5,692 cases of cholera including 185 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> In April 2023, the United Nations reported that shortages of basic goods, such as food, water, medicines and fuel have become "extremely acute".<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> The delivery of badly-needed remittances from overseas migrant workers was also halted after <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a> announced in the same month that it was closing all operations in Sudan until further notice.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> The World Food Programme said that more than $13 million worth of food aid destined for Sudan had been looted in the twenty days since the fighting broke out.<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> The looting of the WFP's warehouses in El-Obeid on 1 June led to the loss of food aid meant to feed 4.4 million people.<a href="#cite_note-looting-265">[265]</a> An estimated 25 million people, equivalent to more than half of Sudan's population, were said to be in need of aid in June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> On 25 July, Humanitarian Coordinator Clementine Nkweta-Salami said attacks on humanitarian facilities had led to more than 50 warehouses looted, 82 offices ransacked, and over 200 vehicles stolen.<a href="#cite_note-clementine-263">[263]</a> In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a> said that 1,200 children had died from disease outbreaks in refugee camps in <a href="/wiki/White_Nile_State" title="White Nile State">White Nile State</a> since May.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Central_Darfur" title="Central Darfur">Central Darfur</a>, the head of the Hamidiya refugee camp said at least 43 children had died in the camp since July.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> UNICEF also estimated that the conflict had led to the number of children being out of school in Sudan to rise from seven million prior to the fighting to 19 million in October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> By 2024, the war's economic costs had surpassed all prior armed conflicts since Sudanese independence in 1956 due to extensive destruction of infrastructure, particularly in urban areas such as the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> The dramatic decrease in agricultural activity ("cereal production in 2023 was nearly halved") caused increases in food prices, and the conflict led to infrequent aid convoys. According to an army official cited by Al Jazeera, as of 29 March 2024, "70 aid trucks have been stuck in North Kordofan since October". The UN estimated that 25 million people still needed aid, with 5 million facing <a href="/wiki/2024_Sudan_famine" title="2024 Sudan famine">famine</a> and 18 million enduring "acute food insecurity". Mobile networks being cut for nearly two months compounded the problems for those being helped by remittances from relatives abroad.<a href="#cite_note-famine-243">[243]</a> According to the United Nations, both the SAF and RSF are posing obstacles to food aid because they want to prevent food from getting to areas controlled by the other.<a href="#cite_note-famine-243">[243]</a> In June 2024, Amnesty International's report, "New Weapons Fuelling the Sudan Conflict", stated that the constant flow of foreign weapons is fueling the war and breaching the Darfur arms embargo. The organization found that the recently manufactured or transferred weapons and ammunition were being imported in large quantities into Sudan from China, the UAE, Russia and Turkey. The weapons supply has impacted the war by causing massive civilian displacement and a humanitarian crisis in Sudan. Both warring sides were using Chinese-manufactured advanced drone jammers, mortars and anti-material rifles. The RSF was also reported to be using recently manufactured armoured personnel carriers from the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-:12-363">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famine">Famine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Sudan_famine" title="2024 Sudan famine">2024 Sudan famine</a></div> On 1 August 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Food_Security_Phase_Classification" title="Integrated Food Security Phase Classification">Integrated Food Security Phase Classification</a> (IPC) Famine Review Committee (FRC) concluded that <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Food_Security_Phase_Classification#phase5" title="Integrated Food Security Phase Classification">IPC Phase 5</a> famine conditions are prevalent and ongoing in parts of North Darfur, including the <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_Refugee_Camp" title="Zamzam Refugee Camp">Zamzam camp</a> south of El Fashe and that there was a high risk of similar conditions throughout <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> (IDP) camps.<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reliefweb-20242-417">[417]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugees">Refugees</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_refugee_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese refugee crisis (2023–present)">Sudanese refugee crisis (2023–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg/220px-Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg/330px-Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg/440px-Screengrab_of_refugee_camp_from_Number_of_Refugees_Who_Fled_Sudan_for_Chad_Double_in_Week.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Sudanese refugee camp in Chad, 16 May 2023.</figcaption></figure> As of July 2024, nearly 10 million residents of Sudan have been displaced due to the fighting. The United Nations said that the conflict had produced more than 7.7 million <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced persons">internally displaced persons</a> (IDPs), while more than 2.1 million had fled the country altogether as of June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-africa7.1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-africa7.2-20">[20]</a> This made Sudan the largest host of IDPs globally.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> The International Organization for Migration estimated that around 36% of IDPs came from the Khartoum region.<a href="#cite_note-africa7.1-21">[21]</a> In November, the UN said the conflict created the largest child displacement crisis in the world, affecting three million children.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> Of those who fled abroad, more than 160,000 were <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a> who fled to Chad to escape ethnically based attacks by the RSF and allied militias.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> Fighting between the SAF and the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) reportedly displaced more than 35,000 people in Blue Nile State alone, with 3,000 fleeing to Ethiopia,<a href="#cite_note-victory-64">[64]</a> while more than 83,000 were displaced in South Kordofan.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> As of August, more than 400,000 people had fled to Chad, making it the largest single destination of refugees from the conflict, while others fled to other neighboring countries such as the Central African Republic, Egypt, and South Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-refug-422">[422]</a> Criticism was levelled at diplomatic missions operating in Sudan for their slow response in helping Sudanese visa applicants whose passports were left behind in embassies following their closure during evacuation efforts, preventing them from leaving the country.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h2></div> The UN estimated that economic activity in Sudan fell by more than a third during the first three weeks of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-80m-424">[424]</a> In July, Sudanese economists estimated the total amount of damage brought by the conflict at $9 billion, or an average of $100 million per day, while the value of property and goods looted was estimated at another $40 billion, with the most affected areas being Khartoum and South Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> The exchange rate of the US dollar against the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_pound" title="Sudanese pound">Sudanese pound</a> in the black market rose to SDG730 in September, while it reached SDG625 at the official rate. This later reached SDG1250 in February 2024. The formal economy was described as being in a "near standstill".<a href="#cite_note-f24economyfeb2024-426">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-80m-424">[424]</a> Gold production was also reduced to just 2 tons from the previous year's output of 18 tons.<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> Sudanese minister for minerals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Bashir_Abu_Nammu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Bashir Abu Nammu (page does not exist)">Mohamed Bashir Abu Nammu</a> accused the RSF of looting around 15 tons of silver and 1,273 kilograms of gold from the Sudan Gold Refinery at the start of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> In February 2024, finance minister <a href="/wiki/Gibril_Ibrahim" title="Gibril Ibrahim">Gibril Ibrahim</a> said that the Sudanese economy had contracted by 40 per cent in 2023 due to the fighting, with an additional decline of 28 per cent expected in 2024. He added that state revenues had also decreased by 80 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> Sudanese port authorities estimated that international trade had fallen by 23 per cent in 2023. The Sudanese finance ministry was unable to set a national budget for 2023 or 2024 and stopped issuing quarterly reports. It also raised the exchange rate for imports and exports from SDG650 to SDG950. The fighting also rendered more than 60 per cent of Sudan's agricultural land out of service, according to Fikra for Studies and Development.<a href="#cite_note-f24economyfeb2024-426">[426]</a> In May 2024, The Wall Street Journal reported that both the RSF and SAF were using revenue from the sale of <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a>, which is primarily grown in Sudan, to finance their operations.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes_investigations">War crimes investigations</h2></div> Both the SAF and the RSF are accused of committing war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-amnesty_2023-08-431">[431]</a> The RSF in particular have been denounced by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and numerous governments for committing <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> On 13 July 2023, the office of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>'s Chief Prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Ahmad Khan</a> said that it had launched investigations into possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the course of the 2023 conflict, within the context of <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">its Darfur investigation</a>, which started in 2005 based on <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1593" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593</a>.<a href="#cite_note-un_news_2023-07-433">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> In his report to the UNSC on 29 January 2024, he expressed that there are "reasonable grounds to believe" that crimes outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a> were taking place in Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> On 5 September, UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide <a href="/wiki/Alice_Wairimu_Nderitu" title="Alice Wairimu Nderitu">Alice Wairimu Nderitu</a> acknowledged that the conflict and related abuses had "strong identity-based components".<a href="#cite_note-:36-436">[436]</a> In an interview with the BBC, Burhan said that he would cooperate with the ICC to bring those responsible to justice.<a href="#cite_note-ukcleansing22-256">[256]</a> On 3 August 2023, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> released its report on the conflict. Titled Death Came To Our Home: War Crimes and Civilian Suffering In Sudan, it documented "mass civilian casualties in both deliberate and indiscriminate attacks" by both the SAF and the RSF, particularly in Khartoum and West Darfur. It also detailed sexual violence against women and girls as young as 12, targeted attacks on civilian facilities such as hospitals and churches, and looting.<a href="#cite_note-:27-437">[437]</a> On 6 September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/US_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Treasury">US Treasury</a> imposed sanctions on the RSF's deputy commander and Hemedti's brother <a href="/wiki/Abdelrahim_Dagalo" title="Abdelrahim Dagalo">Abdelrahim Dagalo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Jumma" title="Abdel Rahman Jumma">Abdel Rahman Jumma</a>, the RSF's top commander in West Darfur, over "extensive" human rights violations during the conflict, with Jumma in particular being accused of masterminding the assassination of the state's governor <a href="/wiki/Khamis_Abakar" title="Khamis Abakar">Khamis Abakar</a> in June.<a href="#cite_note-us_sanctions_rsf-393">[393]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>, United States Secretary of State, accused the RSF of ethnic cleansing in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:39-438">[438]</a> In September 2023, the United States, Britain, Norway, and Germany planned to propose a motion to the UN Human Rights Council for an investigation into the alleged atrocities in Sudan. The draft motion, which condemns the human rights violations during the conflict, aimed to establish a three-person Fact-Finding Mission to investigate these allegations. The experts would document the violations and provide updates to the 47-member Council. The draft has been circulated among member countries but has not yet been formally submitted to the Council.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> On 11 October, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> voted 19–16 with 12 abstentions to adopt a resolution creating a fact-finding committee on crimes and violations in Sudan since the start of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a> Early March 2024, the UN Panel of Experts on Sudan, mandated by Resolution 2620 (2022) of the UN Security Council, published its latest report. It described the wide-ranging devastation and violence in the country, caused in many cases by the RSF and associated militias.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> With regard to war crimes in <a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a>, the report estimated the death rate through <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a> community in El Geneina between 10,000 and 15,000. In her speech before the Security Council Committee, Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, the US Representative to the United Nations, commented: "It is my hope that the sobering report will at long last shake the world from its indifference to the horrors playing out before our eyes."<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> In April 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights">Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights</a> released a report into breaches of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> in Darfur.<a href="#cite_note-:49-443">[443]</a> The independent report found that there is "clear and convincing evidence" that the RSF and its allied militias "have committed and are committing genocide against the <a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a>", a non-Arab ethnic group, and that all 153 states that have signed the Genocide Convention are "obligated to end complicity in and employ all means reasonably available to prevent and halt the genocide." It goes on to say that there is "clear and convincing evidence" that Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Libya, Chad, the Central African Republic (CAR) and Russia via the actions of the Wagner Group are "complicit in the genocide".<a href="#cite_note-:49-443">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disinformation">Disinformation</h2></div> During the conflict, many instances of disinformation were observed, which aimed to manipulate public opinion, spread false narratives, and create confusion. Both the SAF and the RSF engaged in disinformation campaigns on social media platforms.<a href="#cite_note-:1-444">[444]</a> The RSF heavily relied on tweets and inauthentic behaviour to spread its agenda and influence local and international opinions. The SAF used Twitter to refute RSF claims and boost army morale with false victory claims.<a href="#cite_note-:1-444">[444]</a> The RSF had dedicated teams based in Khartoum and Dubai to engage in a digital propaganda war. They used social media, including officially verified Facebook and Twitter accounts, to showcase their activities and spread disinformation.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a> Various misleading videos were shared on social media platforms, falsely depicting scenes of violence in the ongoing fighting between the SAF and the RSF. Some videos were taken from other conflicts or events, and misattributed to the current crisis in Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> Some viral images on social media were unrelated or misleadingly attributed to the ongoing fighting in Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div> On 14 April, the official SAF social media page published a video which it said was of operations carried out by the Sudanese Air Force against the RSF. Al Jazeera's monitoring and verification unit claimed the video had been fabricated using footage from the video game <a href="/wiki/Arma_3" title="Arma 3">Arma 3</a> that was published on <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> in March 2023. The unit claimed the video showing Sudanese army commander Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inspecting the Armoured Corps, in <a href="/wiki/Al-Shajara,_Khartoum" title="Al-Shajara, Khartoum">Al-Shajara</a>, was from before the fighting. A video reportedly of helicopters flying over Khartoum to participate in operations by the SAF against the RSF, which circulated on social media, turned out to be from November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2-448">[448]</a> Two photos circulated on social media that depicted a burning bridge reported as Bahri bridge and a bombed building allegedly in Khartoum, were both revealed to be from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In April, a video supposedly showing the RSF in control of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_International_Airport" title="Khartoum International Airport">Khartoum International Airport</a> on 15 April circulated on social media. The fact-checking website <a href="/wiki/Lead_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead Stories">Lead Stories</a> found that the video had appeared online three months before the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> A video posted in June and taken by an RSF soldier showing purported victims of the Bashir regime turned out to have been that of mummies and human remains used as props from the M. Bolheim Bioarchaeology Laboratory in Khartoum, which were thought to date from 3300 to 3000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-451">[451]</a> On 5 May, the British newspaper <a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">I</a> reported that the RSF had sent "special bulletins" to UK politicians, which it claimed were to combat "the disproportionate amount of <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>" about the conflict. The bulletins were created with the assistance of Capital Tap Holdings, a <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>-based investment firm that has mining interests in Sudan. The I reported that the RSF's Facebook page was being run jointly from UAE and Sudan, and its <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> account appeared to be based in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, with the RSF saying its media team was based in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-452">[452]</a> In June, a picture of <a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a> hospitalised in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, Kenya, was circulated in the social media and reported by the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-juhainah-453">[453]</a> News websites Fatabyyano and Juhainah checked the images and found it to be fabricated with the original image which belonged to <a href="/wiki/Elijah_McClain" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a>, who was killed in the United States in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-juhainah-453">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a> Also in June, dominant social media account holders supporting the SAF attacked the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Doctors_Syndicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese Doctors Syndicate">Sudanese Doctors Syndicate</a>, accusing the organization of being partial toward the RSF and collaborating with the so-called "Janjaweed" militia. These false accusations endangered the reputation and safety of the medical professionals.<a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a> Footage of a SAF warplane reportedly shot down by the RSF in Khartoum on 20 September was found to be that of an <a href="/wiki/Su-25" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-25">Su-25</a> fighter jet that crashed in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>,<a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a> while a video showing an <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a> warplane reportedly shot down by the RSF while on a mission in northern Sudan was found to be that of a Libyan aircraft taken outside Sudan in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responses">Responses</h3></div> On 11 August, Facebook shut down the main pages of the RSF due to a violation of its policy, "Dangerous Organizations and Individuals". In an alternate account, the RSF accused the SAF of lodging complaints based on false reports that led to the removal of its pages and said it was in contact with Facebook's parent company <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> to restore them.<a href="#cite_note-sudantribune.com-458">[458]</a> Kyle Walter of <a href="/wiki/Logically_(company)" title="Logically (company)">Logically</a>, a British disinformation analysis firm, said in May: "What's most concerning from this latest example of potential foreign interference is that it provides a look into how the nature of these threats are evolving, particularly in the context of the rapid onset of <a href="/wiki/Generative_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Generative AI">generative AI</a> being used to create fake images and text. Although we don't know if this so-called sophisticated 'special bulletin' was created by this technology, it is symbolic of the wider issue at hand: an inability to trust what you're seeing, and reading, and the undermining of the entire information landscape."<a href="#cite_note-:0-452">[452]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudan,_Remember_Us" title="Sudan, Remember Us">Sudan, Remember Us</a>, a 2024 documentary film directed by <a href="/wiki/Hind_Meddeb" title="Hind Meddeb">Hind Meddeb</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Sudanese Civil War">Sudanese Civil War</a>, an index of at least three separate conflicts in Sudan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sudan" title="Human rights in Sudan">Human rights in Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_genocide" title="Darfur genocide">Darfur genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Sudan coup d'état">2021 Sudan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)">Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)">Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples#Darfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide of Indigenous peoples § Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(21st_century)#Darfur" title="Genocides in history (21st century)">Genocides in history (21st century) § Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil wars">List of civil wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">List of conflicts in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_cleansing_campaigns" title="List of ethnic cleansing campaigns">List of ethnic cleansing campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_genocides" title="List of genocides">List of genocides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_2003%E2%80%93present" title="List of wars: 2003–present">List of wars: 2003–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Forces_Coordination" title="Sudanese National Forces Coordination">Sudanese National Forces Coordination</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NubaClashes-1"><a href="#cite_ref-NubaClashes_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/splm-n-and-popular-defense-forces">"SPLM-N and Popular Defense Forces field commanders meet in South Kordofan"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 14 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105082211/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/splm-n-and-popular-defense-forces">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=SPLM-N+and+Popular+Defense+Forces+field+commanders+meet+in+South+Kordofan&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fsplm-n-and-popular-defense-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230905000623/https://sudantribune.com/article275848/">"Malik Agar reveals government-proposed roadmap to end Sudan's war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 6 August 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275848/">the original</a> on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Malik+Agar+reveals+government-proposed+roadmap+to+end+Sudan%27s+war&rft.date=2023-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275848%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLM-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLM_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLM_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLM_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230905001443/https://sudantribune.com/article275601/">"SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 1 August 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275601/">the original</a> on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=SLM+faction+joins+Sudanese+army+against+RSF+in+Darfur&rft.date=2023-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopnallKupemba2023" class="citation news cs1">Copnall, James; Kupemba, Danai Nesta (17 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67450204">"Sudan civil war: Darfur's Jem rebels join army fight against RSF"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Arabiya&rft.atitle=South+Kordofan+residents+flee+as+Sudan+war+escalates&rft.date=2023-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2023%2F06%2F23%2FSouth-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4killed-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4killed_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4killed_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-killed-and-village-destroyed-as-rsf-attacks-splm-n-base-in-south-kordofan">"Four killed and village destroyed as RSF attacks SPLM-N base in South Kordofan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 6 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180904/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-killed-and-village-destroyed-as-rsf-attacks-splm-n-base-in-south-kordofan">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Four+killed+and+village+destroyed+as+RSF+attacks+SPLM-N+base+in+South+Kordofan&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Ffour-killed-and-village-destroyed-as-rsf-attacks-splm-n-base-in-south-kordofan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article279993/">"SLM-Abdel Wahid forces seize RSF camp in South Darfur"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+Communist+Party+and+SLM-AW+sign+agreement+in+Juba&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-communist-party-and-slm-aw-sign-agreement-in-juba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinge2023" class="citation web cs1">Linge, Thomas van (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-of-the-areas-of-control-in-sudan">"Map of the Areas of Control in Sudan"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Sudan+is+sliding+towards+civil+war&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2023%2F04%2F20%2Fsudan-is-sliding-towards-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643bcbc5e0389a2bbfc6153f%26The%20basics%20about%20Sudan%262023-04-16T17%3A27%3A06.378Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:15060871-2998-42f6-b96f-0362a0d4b488&pinned_post_asset_id=643bcbc5e0389a2bbfc6153f&pinned_post_type=share">"The basics about Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 16 April 2023. 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Retrieved 26 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sudan+conflict%3A+why+is+there+fighting+and+what+is+at+stake+in+the+region%3F&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fapr%2F25%2Fsudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-happening&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NoMercy-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NoMercy_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoMercy_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoMercy_45-2">c</a> Harriet Barber, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/sudan-unrest-militia-rapid-support-forces-janjaweed/">'Men with no mercy': The vicious history of Sudan's Rapid Support Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426213242/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/sudan-unrest-militia-rapid-support-forces-janjaweed/">Archived</a> 26 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Telegraph (25 April 2023). </li> <li id="cite_note-Georgy-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Georgy_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georgy_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georgy_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georgy_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georgy_46-4">e</a> Michael Georgy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-hemedti-carved-route-power-by-crushing-darfur-revolt-2023-04-15/">How Sudan's Hemedti carved his route to power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230424150330/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-hemedti-carved-route-power-by-crushing-darfur-revolt-2023-04-15/">Archived</a> 24 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Reuters (15 April 2023) </li> <li id="cite_note-FactBoxRSF-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FactBoxRSF_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactBoxRSF_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactBoxRSF_47-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/who-are-sudans-rapid-support-forces-2023-04-13/">Factbox: Who are Sudan's Rapid Support Forces?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414114321/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/who-are-sudans-rapid-support-forces-2023-04-13/">Archived</a> 14 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Reuters (15 April 2023). </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_Paramilitary-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Paramilitary_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Paramilitary_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElbagirQiblawi2023" class="citation news cs1">Elbagir, Nima; Qiblawi, Tamara (15 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/africa/live-news/sudan-army-paramilitary-palace-news-04-15-23/">"How paramilitary group leader Dagalo has consolidated power in Sudan"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416004524/https://edition.cnn.com/africa/live-news/sudan-army-paramilitary-palace-news-04-15-23">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=How+paramilitary+group+leader+Dagalo+has+consolidated+power+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft.aulast=Elbagir&rft.aufirst=Nima&rft.au=Qiblawi%2C+Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fafrica%2Flive-news%2Fsudan-army-paramilitary-palace-news-04-15-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJLiveNews-49"><a href="#cite_ref-AJLiveNews_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrasGadzoSiddiqui" class="citation news cs1">Uras, Umut; Gadzo, Mersiha; Siddiqui, Usaid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/sudan-unrest-live-news-explosions-shooting-rock-khartoum">"Sudan updates: Explosions, shooting rock Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415095207/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/sudan-unrest-live-news-explosions-shooting-rock-khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan+updates%3A+Explosions%2C+shooting+rock+Khartoum&rft.aulast=Uras&rft.aufirst=Umut&rft.au=Gadzo%2C+Mersiha&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F15%2Fsudan-unrest-live-news-explosions-shooting-rock-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEETimeline-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEETimeline_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEETimeline_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEETimeline_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEETimeline_50-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline">Sudan timeline: From the fall of Bashir to street-fighting in Khartoum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423093524/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline">Archived</a> 23 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Middle East Eye (18 April 2023). </li> <li id="cite_note-DealRestoreTransition-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DealRestoreTransition_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DealRestoreTransition_51-1">b</a> Jack Jeffrey & Samy Magdt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/sudan-military-democracy-coup-d70cdb605bfef095eca113f77e73c68c">Deal to restore democratic transition in Sudan delayed again</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416120046/https://apnews.com/article/sudan-military-democracy-coup-d70cdb605bfef095eca113f77e73c68c">Archived</a> 16 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Associated Press (7 April 2023). </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/6/14/sudan-military-admits-it-ordered-brutal-crackdown-on-protesters">"Sudan military admits it ordered brutal crackdown on protesters"</a>. Al Jazeera. 14 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224054256/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/6/14/sudan-military-admits-it-ordered-brutal-crackdown-on-protesters">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan+military+admits+it+ordered+brutal+crackdown+on+protesters&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F6%2F14%2Fsudan-military-admits-it-ordered-brutal-crackdown-on-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olewe-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olewe_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olewe_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlewe2023" class="citation news cs1">Olewe, Dickens (20 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64704858">"Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322202324/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64704858">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mohamed+%27Hemeti%27+Dagalo%3A+Top+Sudan+military+figure+says+coup+was+a+mistake&rft.date=2023-02-20&rft.aulast=Olewe&rft.aufirst=Dickens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-64704858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7039360.stm">"Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227151125/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7039360.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Who+are+Sudan%27s+Darfur+rebels%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7039360.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Flint, Julie and De Waal, Alexander (2008) Darfur: A New History of a Long War Zed Books, London, pp. 16–17, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-949-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-949-1">978-1-84277-949-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Jok, Jok Madut (2007) Sudán: Race, Religion and Violence Oneworld, Oxford, p. 4 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-366-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-366-6">978-1-85168-366-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/65972.htm">"Darfur Peace Agreement Fact Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802015851/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/65972.htm">Archived</a> 2 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Office of the Spokesman, U.S. Department of State, May 2006, from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Archives">Internet Archives</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/9223">"Minawi announces withdrawal from Abuja Agreement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218011413/https://www.radiodabanga.org/node/9223">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minawi+announces+withdrawal+from+Abuja+Agreement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiodabanga.org%2Fnode%2F9223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudan_agreement_juba-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sudan_agreement_juba_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sudan_agreement_juba_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/historic-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba">"'Historic agreement' signed by Sudan govt, armed groups in Juba"</a>. Radio Dabanga. September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227135937/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/historic-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=%27Historic+agreement%27+signed+by+Sudan+govt%2C+armed+groups+in+Juba&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fhistoric-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhosWho-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_60-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/whos-who-in-sudans-new-civil-war">"Who's who in Sudan's new civil war?"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 1 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108015348/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/whos-who-in-sudans-new-civil-war">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Who%27s+who+in+Sudan%27s+new+civil+war%3F&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fwhos-who-in-sudans-new-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275601/">"SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 31 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230905001443/https://sudantribune.com/article275601/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=SLM+faction+joins+Sudanese+army+against+RSF+in+Darfur&rft.date=2023-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splmtoday.com/">"Refinansiering av Forbrukslån Uten Sikkerhet via Splm"</a>. Splmtoday.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507051819/https://www.splmtoday.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Splmtoday.com&rft.atitle=Refinansiering+av+Forbruksl%C3%A5n+Uten+Sikkerhet+via+Splm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splmtoday.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68841">"Al-Mahdi rejects linking peace in Sudan to secular state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 12 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113091337/https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68841">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Al-Mahdi+rejects+linking+peace+in+Sudan+to+secular+state&rft.date=2020-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2Fspip.php%3Farticle68841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-victory-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-victory_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-victory_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-victory_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-victory_64-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region">"Sudan army claims victory over rebel fighters in Blue Nile region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 28 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705114331/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+army+claims+victory+over+rebel+fighters+in+Blue+Nile+region&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Atit2020" class="citation news cs1">Michael Atit (4 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/south-sudan-focus/sudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state">"Sudan's Government Agrees to Separate Religion and State"</a>. Voice of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200908010819/https://www.voanews.com/africa/south-sudan-focus/sudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Government+Agrees+to+Separate+Religion+and+State&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft.au=Michael+Atit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2Fsouth-sudan-focus%2Fsudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/scp-signs-agreement-with-splm-n-al-hilu-and-slms-al-nur">"SCP signs agreement with SPLM-N Al-Hilu and SLM Al-Nur"</a>. Radio Tamazuj. 23 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230214904/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/scp-signs-agreement-with-splm-n-al-hilu-and-slms-al-nur">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Tamazuj&rft.atitle=SCP+signs+agreement+with+SPLM-N+Al-Hilu+and+SLM+Al-Nur&rft.date=2022-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotamazuj.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fscp-signs-agreement-with-splm-n-al-hilu-and-slms-al-nur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrisisGroup-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrisisGroup_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrisisGroup_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrisisGroup_67-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/stopping-sudans-descent-full-blown-civil-war">"Stopping Sudan's Descent into Full-Blown Civil War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>. 20 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423004142/https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/stopping-sudans-descent-full-blown-civil-war">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Crisis+Group&rft.atitle=Stopping+Sudan%27s+Descent+into+Full-Blown+Civil+War&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fafrica%2Fhorn-africa%2Fsudan%2Fstopping-sudans-descent-full-blown-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65297714">"Sudan crisis: Burhan and Hemedti – the two generals at the heart of the conflict"</a>. BBC News. 17 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223002701/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65297714">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan+crisis%3A+Burhan+and+Hemedti+%E2%80%93+the+two+generals+at+the+heart+of+the+conflict&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65297714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2023" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Declan (15 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/world/africa/khartoum-sudan-fighting.html">"Gunfire and Blasts Rock Sudan's Capital as Factions Vie for Control"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415132926/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/world/africa/khartoum-sudan-fighting.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunfire+and+Blasts+Rock+Sudan%27s+Capital+as+Factions+Vie+for+Control&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F15%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fkhartoum-sudan-fighting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/1/sudan-factions-delay-post-coup-deal-on-civilian-rule">"Sudan factions delay post-coup deal on civilian rule"</a>. Al Jazeera. 1 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230222435/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/1/sudan-factions-delay-post-coup-deal-on-civilian-rule">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan+factions+delay+post-coup+deal+on+civilian+rule&rft.date=2023-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F4%2F1%2Fsudan-factions-delay-post-coup-deal-on-civilian-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_71-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalihIgunza2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zeinab_Mohammed_Salih" title="Zeinab Mohammed Salih">Salih, Zeinab Mohammed</a>; Igunza, Emmanuel (15 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945">"Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415084000/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan%3A+Army+and+RSF+battle+over+key+sites%2C+leaving+56+civilians+dead&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft.aulast=Salih&rft.aufirst=Zeinab+Mohammed&rft.au=Igunza%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65284945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEEHowDidWeGetHere-72"><a href="#cite_ref-MEEHowDidWeGetHere_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-unrest-how-did-we-get-here">"Sudan unrest: How did we get here?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 15 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415133458/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-unrest-how-did-we-get-here">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Sudan+unrest%3A+How+did+we+get+here%3F&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsudan-unrest-how-did-we-get-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/">"At least 56 killed, hundreds injured in clashes across Sudan as paramilitary group claims control of presidential palace"</a>. CNN. 16 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416003054/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=At+least+56+killed%2C+hundreds+injured+in+clashes+across+Sudan+as+paramilitary+group+claims+control+of+presidential+palace&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F04%2F15%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-presidential-palace-intl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sudan-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sudan_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sudan_74-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/sudan-scontri-intorno-al-palazzo-presidenziale-si-teme-un-tentativo-di-golpe-a-khartum/">Sudan: clashes around the presidential palace, there are fears of a coup attempt in Khartoum – video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180407/https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/sudan-al-burhan-e-dagalo-si-contendono-il-potere-in-corso-duri-scontri-a-khartum/">Archived</a> 15 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 15 April 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/sudans-army-warns-of-rsfs-movements-in-khartoum-other-cities">"Fears in Sudan as army and paramilitary force face off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414214744/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/sudans-army-warns-of-rsfs-movements-in-khartoum-other-cities">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fears+in+Sudan+as+army+and+paramilitary+force+face+off&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F4%2F13%2Fsudans-army-warns-of-rsfs-movements-in-khartoum-other-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415124257/https://sudantribune.com/article272958/">"Fighting broke out in Sudan between national army and RSF militiamen"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 15 April 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article272958/">the original</a> on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Fighting+broke+out+in+Sudan+between+national+army+and+RSF+militiamen&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle272958%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA"><bdi lang="ar">التلفزيون السوداني يتحدث عن وجود اشتباكات في مقره</bdi></a>. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180354/https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FAlArabiya%2Fstatus%2F1647201567630663680%3Fcxt%3DHHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_78-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4"><bdi lang="ar">لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9..+%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F15%2F%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a8%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ac%25d9%258a%25d8%25b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643d3141bb343d77c4990026%26State%20TV%20back%20on%20air%262023-04-17T14%3A15%3A07.879Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:25e4b940-2b3b-42f9-b136-0409578a196c&pinned_post_asset_id=643d3141bb343d77c4990026&pinned_post_type=share">"State TV back on air"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=State+TV+back+on+air&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65285254%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643d3141bb343d77c4990026%2526State%2520TV%2520back%2520on%2520air%25262023-04-17T14%253A15%253A07.879Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3A25e4b940-2b3b-42f9-b136-0409578a196c%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643d3141bb343d77c4990026%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000"><bdi lang="ar">=عناصر من الجيش ينشرون صورا لدخولهم قاعدة مروي العسكرية #السودان #العربية</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417064612/https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3D%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%23%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%23%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.twitter.com%2FAlArabiya_Brk%2Fstatus%2F1647660109005312000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShieff2023" class="citation news cs1">Shieff, Chris (16 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/">"Military Coup: Sudan Airspace Closed"</a>. OPS Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420054206/https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/#:~:text=On%20April%2016%2C%20Sudan's%20CAA,due%20to%20'security%20reasons.'">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OPS+Group&rft.atitle=Military+Coup%3A+Sudan+Airspace+Closed&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft.aulast=Shieff&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fops.group%2Fblog%2Fmilitary-coup-sudan-airspace-closed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siddiqui-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArwa_Ibrahim" class="citation news cs1">Arwa Ibrahim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day">"Dozens of people killed as Sudan fighting enters second day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Dozens+of+people+killed+as+Sudan+fighting+enters+second+day&rft.au=Arwa+Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F16%2Fsudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country">"Near-total collapse of internet connectivity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423080457/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Near-total+collapse+of+internet+connectivity&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F23%2Fsudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce?update=2174661">"Shipping group Maersk halts Sudan bookings over violence"</a>. Al Jazeera. 25 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Shipping+group+Maersk+halts+Sudan+bookings+over+violence&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F25%2Fsudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce%3Fupdate%3D2174661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-army-chief-burhan-appears-public-first-time-since-war-started-statement-2023-08-24/">"Sudan army chief Burhan appears to leave army HQ for first time – video"</a>. Reuters. 24 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028080914/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-army-chief-burhan-appears-public-first-time-since-war-started-statement-2023-08-24/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan+army+chief+Burhan+appears+to+leave+army+HQ+for+first+time+%E2%80%93+video&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-army-chief-burhan-appears-public-first-time-since-war-started-statement-2023-08-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643d12b6457ab20a78fe5f18%26RSF%20head%20calls%20for%20international%20community%20to%20intervene%262023-04-17T10%3A18%3A52.868Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:bc4b139e-a57d-490b-9a9e-ed521ced731b&pinned_post_asset_id=643d12b6457ab20a78fe5f18&pinned_post_type=share/page/2">"RSF head calls for the international community to intervene"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RSF+head+calls+for+the+international+community+to+intervene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65285254%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643d12b6457ab20a78fe5f18%2526RSF%2520head%2520calls%2520for%2520international%2520community%2520to%2520intervene%25262023-04-17T10%253A18%253A52.868Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3Abc4b139e-a57d-490b-9a9e-ed521ced731b%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643d12b6457ab20a78fe5f18%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ_Live_News-87"><a href="#cite_ref-AJ_Live_News_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down">"Fighting rages in central Khartoum on fifth day of clashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419075222/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Fighting+rages+in+central+Khartoum+on+fifth+day+of+clashes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F19%2Fsudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2054206.html">"Clashes in Sudan despite calls for Eid ceasefire"</a>. rtl.lu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421072521/https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2054206.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rtl.lu&rft.atitle=Clashes+in+Sudan+despite+calls+for+Eid+ceasefire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.rtl.lu%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fa%2F2054206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muted_Eid2-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Muted_Eid2_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmanBooty2023" class="citation news cs1">Osman, Mohamed; Booty, Natasha (21 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372">"Sudan fighting: Muted Eid as ceasefire broken"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421111134/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+fighting%3A+Muted+Eid+as+ceasefire+broken&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft.aulast=Osman&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.au=Booty%2C+Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65344372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule?update=2171153">"Battles 'raging' in Khartoum: AJ correspondent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 21 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421085011/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Battles+%27raging%27+in+Khartoum%3A+AJ+correspondent&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F21%2Fsudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule%3Fupdate%3D2171153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230426-ceasefire-shaky-as-sudanese-and-foreigners-flee">"Shaky ceasefire enters second day as Sudanese, foreigners flee"</a>. France24. 26 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426111712/http://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230426-ceasefire-shaky-as-sudanese-and-foreigners-flee">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=Shaky+ceasefire+enters+second+day+as+Sudanese%2C+foreigners+flee&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20230426-ceasefire-shaky-as-sudanese-and-foreigners-flee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733">"Sudan's Darfur fighting: 'I saw pick-up trucks full of dead people'"</a>. BBC News. 27 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183038/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Darfur+fighting%3A+%27I+saw+pick-up+trucks+full+of+dead+people%27&rft.date=2023-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65409733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point?update=2181697">"Sudanese army: RSF's combat capabilities reduced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 1 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army%3A+RSF%27s+combat+capabilities+reduced&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F5%2F1%2Fsudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point%3Fupdate%3D2181697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse">"Sudanese police deploy central reserve units in Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 30 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudanese+police+deploy+central+reserve+units+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F30%2Fsudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65440528">"Sudan crisis: Air strikes and fighting in Khartoum as truce collapses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 30 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430133140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65440528">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Sudan+crisis%3A+Air+strikes+and+fighting+in+Khartoum+as+truce+collapses&rft.date=2023-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65440528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point?update=2182309">"Confrontations continue near Presidential Palace: AJ Correspondent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 1 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Confrontations+continue+near+Presidential+Palace%3A+AJ+Correspondent&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F5%2F1%2Fsudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point%3Fupdate%3D2182309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/airstrikes-hit-khartoum-s-outskirts-as-sudan-s-war-enters-sixth-week-/7102020.html">"Sudan's Army and Paramilitary RSF Sign 7-Day Cease-Fire"</a>. Voice of America. 20 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218052940/https://www.voanews.com/a/airstrikes-hit-khartoum-s-outskirts-as-sudan-s-war-enters-sixth-week-/7102020.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Army+and+Paramilitary+RSF+Sign+7-Day+Cease-Fire&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fairstrikes-hit-khartoum-s-outskirts-as-sudan-s-war-enters-sixth-week-%2F7102020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article273901/">"Burhan makes first appearance among troops since outbreak of clashes"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 17 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216221420/https://sudantribune.com/article273901/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Burhan+makes+first+appearance+among+troops+since+outbreak+of+clashes&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle273901%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15MayBBCreportedDagaloStatementArchived-99"><a href="#cite_ref-15MayBBCreportedDagaloStatementArchived_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517225701/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/4">"Sudan hospital hit in air strike and embassy looted"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/4">the original</a> on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan+hospital+hit+in+air+strike+and+embassy+looted&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361197%2Fpage%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agar-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Agar_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515115952/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197">"Sudan's Burhan sacks paramilitary leader as his deputy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197">the original</a> on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Burhan+sacks+paramilitary+leader+as+his+deputy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230511-pressure-by-all-possible-means-needed-to-halt-sudan-fighting-un">"UN rights council votes to strenthen monitoring of abuses in Sudan"</a>. France 24. 11 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218052940/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230511-pressure-by-all-possible-means-needed-to-halt-sudan-fighting-un">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+rights+council+votes+to+strenthen+monitoring+of+abuses+in+Sudan&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20230511-pressure-by-all-possible-means-needed-to-halt-sudan-fighting-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/rival-sudan-factions-meet-in-saudi-arabia-as-pressure-mounts">"Rival Sudan factions meet in Saudi Arabia as pressure mounts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 6 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506130042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/rival-sudan-factions-meet-in-saudi-arabia-as-pressure-mounts">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Rival+Sudan+factions+meet+in+Saudi+Arabia+as+pressure+mounts&rft.date=2023-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F6%2Frival-sudan-factions-meet-in-saudi-arabia-as-pressure-mounts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513">"Sudan conflict: Army and RSF agree deal to protect civilians"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512095107/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Sudan+conflict%3A+Army+and+RSF+agree+deal+to+protect+civilians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65569513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths_clashes2-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_clashes2_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/clashes-rock-sudan-ceasefire-as-un-official-seeks-aid-protection">"Clashes rock Sudan ceasefire as UN official seeks aid protection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 3 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503150353/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/clashes-rock-sudan-ceasefire-as-un-official-seeks-aid-protection">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Clashes+rock+Sudan+ceasefire+as+UN+official+seeks+aid+protection&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F3%2Fclashes-rock-sudan-ceasefire-as-un-official-seeks-aid-protection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-church_attack-105"><a href="#cite_ref-church_attack_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/3">"Sudan's warring sides trade blame over church attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516144238/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/3">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+warring+sides+trade+blame+over+church+attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361197%2Fpage%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/19/no-escape-no-aid-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudans-west-darfur">"No escape, no aid as fighting intensifies in Sudan's West Darfur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520021105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/19/no-escape-no-aid-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudans-west-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=No+escape%2C+no+aid+as+fighting+intensifies+in+Sudan%27s+West+Darfur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F19%2Fno-escape-no-aid-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudans-west-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embassy-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Embassy_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/2">"Sudan hospital hit in air strike and embassy looted"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516141843/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/2">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+hospital+hit+in+air+strike+and+embassy+looted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361197%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197">"Gunfire and explosions rock Sudan despite ongoing talks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515115952/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Gunfire+and+explosions+rock+Sudan+despite+ongoing+talks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/air-strikes-hit-khartoums-outskirts-sudans-war-enters-sixth-week-2023-05-20/">"Sudan's army and paramilitary RSF sign seven-day ceasefire"</a>. Reuters. 20 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521123835/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/air-strikes-hit-khartoums-outskirts-sudans-war-enters-sixth-week-2023-05-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+army+and+paramilitary+RSF+sign+seven-day+ceasefire&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fair-strikes-hit-khartoums-outskirts-sudans-war-enters-sixth-week-2023-05-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-misterei-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-misterei_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-misterei_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/rights-group-urges-probe-darfur-atrocities-sudanese-paramilitary-101070997">"Rights group urges probe into Darfur atrocities by Sudanese paramilitary forces battling the army"</a>. ABC. 11 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121716/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/rights-group-urges-probe-darfur-atrocities-sudanese-paramilitary-101070997">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Rights+group+urges+probe+into+Darfur+atrocities+by+Sudanese+paramilitary+forces+battling+the+army&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Frights-group-urges-probe-darfur-atrocities-sudanese-paramilitary-101070997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-442-1-June-2023.pdf">"Situation Report – Horn of Africa no. 442- 1 June 2023"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/EEPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EEPA">EEPA</a>. 1 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601171301/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-442-1-June-2023.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EEPA&rft.atitle=Situation+Report+%E2%80%93+Horn+of+Africa+no.+442-+1+June+2023&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eepa.be%2F%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FSituation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-442-1-June-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2023" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Richard (2 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361205">"Gunfire around state TV building in Sudan capital – reports"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608024140/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361205">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Gunfire+around+state+TV+building+in+Sudan+capital+%E2%80%93+reports&rft.date=2023-06-02&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65361205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2316531/middle-east">"How conflict is jeopardizing Sudan's museums and cultural heritage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 6 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230616051522/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2316531/middle-east">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=How+conflict+is+jeopardizing+Sudan%27s+museums+and+cultural+heritage&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2316531%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/7/arms-depot-battle-rages-in-sudan-as-fuel-facility-burns">"Arms depot battle rages in Sudan as fuel facility burns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 7 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230619173025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/7/arms-depot-battle-rages-in-sudan-as-fuel-facility-burns">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Arms+depot+battle+rages+in+Sudan+as+fuel+facility+burns&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F7%2Farms-depot-battle-rages-in-sudan-as-fuel-facility-burns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EEPA_06/06/23-115"><a href="#cite_ref-EEPA_06/06/23_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-445-6-June-2023.pdf">"SITUATION REPORT – HORN OF AFRICA No. 445 – 6 June 2023"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/EEPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EEPA">EEPA</a>. 6 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607082433/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-445-6-June-2023.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EEPA&rft.atitle=SITUATION+REPORT+%E2%80%93+HORN+OF+AFRICA+No.+445+%E2%80%93+6+June+2023&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eepa.be%2F%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FSituation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-445-6-June-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/army-column-suffers-losses-in-khartoum">"Army column suffers losses in Khartoum Bahri"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 15 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030012208/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/army-column-suffers-losses-in-khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Army+column+suffers+losses+in+Khartoum+Bahri&rft.date=2023-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Farmy-column-suffers-losses-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275417/">"Shelling continues in Sudan capital, 15 killed in Omdurman"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Shelling+continues+in+Sudan+capital%2C+15+killed+in+Omdurman&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275417%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-aj32-118"><a href="#cite_ref-aj32_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/6/at-least-32-civilians-killed-in-sudan-army-strikes-activists">"At least 32 civilians killed in Sudan army strikes: Activists"</a>. Aljazeera. 6 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010172330/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/6/at-least-32-civilians-killed-in-sudan-army-strikes-activists">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=At+least+32+civilians+killed+in+Sudan+army+strikes%3A+Activists&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F6%2Fat-least-32-civilians-killed-in-sudan-army-strikes-activists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f24strike-119"><a href="#cite_ref-f24strike_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230913-air-strikes-kill-dozens-in-nyala-as-sudan-violence-escalates-in-darfur">"Air strikes kill dozens in Nyala as Sudan violence escalates in Darfur"</a>. France 24. 13 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230920214458/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230913-air-strikes-kill-dozens-in-nyala-as-sudan-violence-escalates-in-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Air+strikes+kill+dozens+in+Nyala+as+Sudan+violence+escalates+in+Darfur&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20230913-air-strikes-kill-dozens-in-nyala-as-sudan-violence-escalates-in-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/100-dead-as-indiscriminate-shelling-ravages-sudan-capital">"100+ dead as 'indiscriminate' shelling ravages Sudan capital"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 14 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009220512/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/100-dead-as-indiscriminate-shelling-ravages-sudan-capital">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=100%2B+dead+as+%27indiscriminate%27+shelling+ravages+Sudan+capital&rft.date=2023-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2F100-dead-as-indiscriminate-shelling-ravages-sudan-capital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10dead-121"><a href="#cite_ref-10dead_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277786/">"10 civilians killed in artillery shelling by RSF in Omdurman"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 29 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174352/https://sudantribune.com/article277786/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=10+civilians+killed+in+artillery+shelling+by+RSF+in+Omdurman&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277786%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-breach-the-outer-defenses-of">"RSF breach the outer defenses of Armored Corps"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 21 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040136/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-breach-the-outer-defenses-of">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+breach+the+outer+defenses+of+Armored+Corps&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-breach-the-outer-defenses-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-rsfs-attack-on-the-armored-corps">"Map: RSF's attack on the Armored Corps headquarters, August 20–21"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 22 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040136/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-rsfs-attack-on-the-armored-corps">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map%3A+RSF%27s+attack+on+the+Armored+Corps+headquarters%2C+August+20%E2%80%9321&rft.date=2023-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fmap-rsfs-attack-on-the-armored-corps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-palace3-124"><a href="#cite_ref-palace3_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-airstrikes-on-republican-palace-civil-servants-await-salaries-while-oil-ministry-raises-fuel-prices">"Sudan war: airstrikes on Republican Palace, civil servants await salaries while oil ministry raises fuel prices"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 7 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819095118/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-airstrikes-on-republican-palace-civil-servants-await-salaries-while-oil-ministry-raises-fuel-prices">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+war%3A+airstrikes+on+Republican+Palace%2C+civil+servants+await+salaries+while+oil+ministry+raises+fuel+prices&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-war-airstrikes-on-republican-palace-civil-servants-await-salaries-while-oil-ministry-raises-fuel-prices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275701/">"Sudanese army kills 12 RSF troops in Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army+kills+12+RSF+troops+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275701%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/29/sudans-al-burhan-heads-first-cabinet-meeting-since-conflict-erupted/">"Sudan's Al-Burhan heads first cabinet meeting since conflict erupted"</a>. africanews. 29 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907234909/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/29/sudans-al-burhan-heads-first-cabinet-meeting-since-conflict-erupted/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=africanews&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Al-Burhan+heads+first+cabinet+meeting+since+conflict+erupted&rft.date=2023-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F08%2F29%2Fsudans-al-burhan-heads-first-cabinet-meeting-since-conflict-erupted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article276466/">"Al-Burhan inspects Sudanese troops in Omdurman following repelled RSF attack"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Al-Burhan+inspects+Sudanese+troops+in+Omdurman+following+repelled+RSF+attack&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle276466%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/sudan-declares-un-envoy-volker-perthes-persona-non-grata">"Sudan declares UN envoy Volker Perthes 'persona non grata'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 9 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628200217/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/sudan-declares-un-envoy-volker-perthes-persona-non-grata">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan+declares+UN+envoy+Volker+Perthes+%27persona+non+grata%27&rft.date=2023-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F9%2Fsudan-declares-un-envoy-volker-perthes-persona-non-grata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65495446">"Saudi Arabia condemns attack on its embassy in Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 8 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606132310/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65495446">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+condemns+attack+on+its+embassy+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-65495446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/11/egypt-toughens-visa-rules-for-sudanese-nationals-fleeing-war">"Egypt toughens visa rules for Sudanese nationals fleeing war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 11 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624052115/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/11/egypt-toughens-visa-rules-for-sudanese-nationals-fleeing-war">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Egypt+toughens+visa+rules+for+Sudanese+nationals+fleeing+war&rft.date=2023-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F11%2Fegypt-toughens-visa-rules-for-sudanese-nationals-fleeing-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-131"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-emergency-regional-refugee-response-june-2023-progress-report">"Sudan Emergency: Regional Refugee Response, June 2023 – Progress report"</a>. reliefweb.int. 18 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183054/https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-emergency-regional-refugee-response-june-2023-progress-report">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reliefweb.int&rft.atitle=Sudan+Emergency%3A+Regional+Refugee+Response%2C+June+2023+%E2%80%93+Progress+report&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fsudan%2Fsudan-emergency-regional-refugee-response-june-2023-progress-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-132"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article276609/">"Al-Burhan flies to Egypt for talks with Sisi"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Al-Burhan+flies+to+Egypt+for+talks+with+Sisi&rft.date=2023-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle276609%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277303/">"Al-Burhan visits to Uganda for talks with Museveni"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 16 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174941/https://sudantribune.com/article277303/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Al-Burhan+visits+to+Uganda+for+talks+with+Museveni&rft.date=2023-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277303%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-s-burhan-in-juba-for-talks-with-s-sudan-leader-presidency-8442db1b">"Sudan's Burhan In Juba For Talks On Conflict"</a>. Barron's. 4 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010050338/https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-s-burhan-in-juba-for-talks-with-s-sudan-leader-presidency-8442db1b">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Burhan+In+Juba+For+Talks+On+Conflict&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fsudan-s-burhan-in-juba-for-talks-with-s-sudan-leader-presidency-8442db1b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/07/sudan-army-chief-arrives-in-qatar-on-third-trip-since-war-began/">"Sudan army chief arrives in Qatar on third trip since war began"</a>. Africanews. 7 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925172133/https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/07/sudan-army-chief-arrives-in-qatar-on-third-trip-since-war-began/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Sudan+army+chief+arrives+in+Qatar+on+third+trip+since+war+began&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F09%2F07%2Fsudan-army-chief-arrives-in-qatar-on-third-trip-since-war-began%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277090/">"Al-Burhan embarks on official visit to Eritrea"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Al-Burhan+embarks+on+official+visit+to+Eritrea&rft.date=2023-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277090%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-army-chief-headed-to-turkey-on-latest-trip-abroad-2e2fc99f">"Sudan Army Chief Headed To Turkey On Latest Trip Abroad"</a>. Barron's. 13 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009210501/https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-army-chief-headed-to-turkey-on-latest-trip-abroad-2e2fc99f">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Sudan+Army+Chief+Headed+To+Turkey+On+Latest+Trip+Abroad&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fsudan-army-chief-headed-to-turkey-on-latest-trip-abroad-2e2fc99f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/el-burhan-returns-to-sudan-from-unga78-meets-foreign-delegates">"El Burhan returns to Sudan from #UNGA78, meets foreign delegates"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 25 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003074713/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/el-burhan-returns-to-sudan-from-unga78-meets-foreign-delegates">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=El+Burhan+returns+to+Sudan+from+%23UNGA78%2C+meets+foreign+delegates&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fel-burhan-returns-to-sudan-from-unga78-meets-foreign-delegates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230921-sudan-army-chief-warns-un-that-war-could-spill-over-in-region">"Sudan army chief warns UN that war could spill over in region"</a>. France 24. 21 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009210501/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230921-sudan-army-chief-warns-un-that-war-could-spill-over-in-region">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Sudan+army+chief+warns+UN+that+war+could+spill+over+in+region&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20230921-sudan-army-chief-warns-un-that-war-could-spill-over-in-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article274860/">"South Sudan president persuades SPLM-N al-Hilu to refrain from attacking Sudanese army"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 5 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Sudan+president+persuades+SPLM-N+al-Hilu+to+refrain+from+attacking+Sudanese+army&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle274860%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275256/">"SPLM-N launches fresh attacks in South Kordofan amid calls for ceasefire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 18 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230815130445/https://sudantribune.com/article275256/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=SPLM-N+launches+fresh+attacks+in+South+Kordofan+amid+calls+for+ceasefire&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275256%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-terrain-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-terrain_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-terrain_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan">"SPLM-N El Hilu wins terrain in South Kordofan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 3 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703150833/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=SPLM-N+El+Hilu+wins+terrain+in+South+Kordofan&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsplm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-terrain22-139"><a href="#cite_ref-terrain22_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan">"SPLM-N El Hilu launches new attack in Blue Nile region and wins terrain in South Kordofan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 11 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121711/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=SPLM-N+El+Hilu+launches+new+attack+in+Blue+Nile+region+and+wins+terrain+in+South+Kordofan&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsplm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277730/">"Sudanese army repels SPLM-N's fresh attack on Kadugli"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 27 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174352/https://sudantribune.com/article277730/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army+repels+SPLM-N%27s+fresh+attack+on+Kadugli&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277730%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-real_hell-141"><a href="#cite_ref-real_hell_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/4/real-hell-deadly-fighting-escalates-in-sudan-as-truce-expires">"'Real hell': Deadly fighting escalates in Sudan as truce expires"</a>. Aljazeera. 4 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629170418/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/4/real-hell-deadly-fighting-escalates-in-sudan-as-truce-expires">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=%27Real+hell%27%3A+Deadly+fighting+escalates+in+Sudan+as+truce+expires&rft.date=2023-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F4%2Freal-hell-deadly-fighting-escalates-in-sudan-as-truce-expires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-460-06-July-2023.pdf">"SITUATION REPORT – HORN OF AFRICA No. 460 – 06 July 2023"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/EEPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EEPA">EEPA</a>. 6 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162429/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-460-06-July-2023.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EEPA&rft.atitle=SITUATION+REPORT+%E2%80%93+HORN+OF+AFRICA+No.+460+%E2%80%93+06+July+2023&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eepa.be%2F%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FSituation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-460-06-July-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-claim-full-control-of-central-darfur-after-clashes">"RSF claim 'full control' of Central Darfur after clashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 6 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921102327/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-claim-full-control-of-central-darfur-after-clashes">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=RSF+claim+%27full+control%27+of+Central+Darfur+after+clashes&rft.date=2023-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frsf-claim-full-control-of-central-darfur-after-clashes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mass_grave-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mass_grave_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mass_grave_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/bodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un">"Bodies of 87 people found in Sudan mass grave, says UN"</a>. The Guardian. 13 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121716/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/bodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bodies+of+87+people+found+in+Sudan+mass+grave%2C+says+UN&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fjul%2F13%2Fbodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNashed" class="citation web cs1">Nashed, Mat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/after-one-hundred-days-of-sudan-war-rsf-atrocities-pile-up-in-darfur">"RSF atrocities pile up in Darfur after 100 days of Sudan fighting"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011083838/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/after-one-hundred-days-of-sudan-war-rsf-atrocities-pile-up-in-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=RSF+atrocities+pile+up+in+Darfur+after+100+days+of+Sudan+fighting&rft.aulast=Nashed&rft.aufirst=Mat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F7%2F24%2Fafter-one-hundred-days-of-sudan-war-rsf-atrocities-pile-up-in-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-governor-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-governor_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-governor_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/15/west-darfur-governor-abducted-killed-as-war-in-sudan-spreads">"West Darfur governor abducted, killed as war in Sudan spreads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 15 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629173150/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/15/west-darfur-governor-abducted-killed-as-war-in-sudan-spreads">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=West+Darfur+governor+abducted%2C+killed+as+war+in+Sudan+spreads&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F15%2Fwest-darfur-governor-abducted-killed-as-war-in-sudan-spreads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277225/">"Sudanese army resumes bombing RSF sites in Nyala of South Darfur"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 13 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army+resumes+bombing+RSF+sites+in+Nyala+of+South+Darfur&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277225%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-support-for-the-rsf-from-seven-tribal-leaders-in-south-darfur">"Public support for the RSF from seven tribal leaders in South Darfur"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 4 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704165104/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-support-for-the-rsf-from-seven-tribal-leaders-in-south-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Public+support+for+the+RSF+from+seven+tribal+leaders+in+South+Darfur&rft.date=2023-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fpublic-support-for-the-rsf-from-seven-tribal-leaders-in-south-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-antonov-149"><a href="#cite_ref-antonov_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/hemedti-rsf-does-not-seek-control-over-sudan-but-will-fight-on-to-the-last-soldier">"Hemedti: 'RSF does not seek control over Sudan but will fight on to the last soldier'"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 6 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010050255/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/hemedti-rsf-does-not-seek-control-over-sudan-but-will-fight-on-to-the-last-soldier">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Hemedti%3A+%27RSF+does+not+seek+control+over+Sudan+but+will+fight+on+to+the+last+soldier%27&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fhemedti-rsf-does-not-seek-control-over-sudan-but-will-fight-on-to-the-last-soldier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fires-150"><a href="#cite_ref-fires_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277360/">"Escalating Conflict: Sudanese army, RSF clash in Khartoum, El-Obeid, Zalingei"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 17 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174341/https://sudantribune.com/article277360/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Escalating+Conflict%3A+Sudanese+army%2C+RSF+clash+in+Khartoum%2C+El-Obeid%2C+Zalingei&rft.date=2023-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-clashes-near-um-ruwaba-airstrikes-on-khartoum-companies-report-financial-losses">"Sudan war: clashes near Um Ruwaba, airstrikes on Khartoum, companies report financial losses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 2 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007203619/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-clashes-near-um-ruwaba-airstrikes-on-khartoum-companies-report-financial-losses">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+war%3A+clashes+near+Um+Ruwaba%2C+airstrikes+on+Khartoum%2C+companies+report+financial+losses&rft.date=2023-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-war-clashes-near-um-ruwaba-airstrikes-on-khartoum-companies-report-financial-losses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-retreat-from-south-kordofan-stronghold-military-detentions-across-sudan">"RSF retreat from South Kordofan stronghold, military detentions across Sudan"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 13 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007193554/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-retreat-from-south-kordofan-stronghold-military-detentions-across-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=RSF+retreat+from+South+Kordofan+stronghold%2C+military+detentions+across+Sudan&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frsf-retreat-from-south-kordofan-stronghold-military-detentions-across-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277603/">"SLM-Nur expands control to several areas in Darfur to protect civilians: official"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 23 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174945/https://sudantribune.com/article277603/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=SLM-Nur+expands+control+to+several+areas+in+Darfur+to+protect+civilians%3A+official&rft.date=2023-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277603%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zalingei-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Zalingei_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article278858/">"Rapid Support Forces seize Sudanese army base in Central Darfur"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 31 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101161512/https://sudantribune.com/article278858/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Rapid+Support+Forces+seize+Sudanese+army+base+in+Central+Darfur&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle278858%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-the-16th-division-headquarters">"Fall of the 16th Division headquarters in Nyala"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 26 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026155714/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-the-16th-division-headquarters">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fall+of+the+16th+Division+headquarters+in+Nyala&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffall-of-the-16th-division-headquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article278768/">"Sudanese army forced to withdraw from Nyala due to supply shortage: military"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 29 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101161514/https://sudantribune.com/article278768/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army+forced+to+withdraw+from+Nyala+due+to+supply+shortage%3A+military&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle278768%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2023" class="citation web cs1">McGregor, Andrew (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/assessing-the-war-in-sudan-is-an-rsf-victory-in-sight/">"Assessing the War in Sudan: Is an RSF Victory in Sight?"</a>. Jamestown Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225040613/https://jamestown.org/program/assessing-the-war-in-sudan-is-an-rsf-victory-in-sight/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+War+in+Sudan%3A+Is+an+RSF+Victory+in+Sight%3F&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fassessing-the-war-in-sudan-is-an-rsf-victory-in-sight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DarfurCampaign-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DarfurCampaign_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DarfurCampaign_158-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-nyala-and-zalingei-garrisons">"Fall of Nyala and Zalingei garrisons closes one chapter and opens another in new Darfur war"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 31 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031220354/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-nyala-and-zalingei-garrisons">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fall+of+Nyala+and+Zalingei+garrisons+closes+one+chapter+and+opens+another+in+new+Darfur+war&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffall-of-nyala-and-zalingei-garrisons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Geneina-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Al-Geneina_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article278904/">"Rapid Support Forces launch fresh attack on El Fasher, sparking displacement"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 31 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101161534/https://sudantribune.com/article278904/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Rapid+Support+Forces+launch+fresh+attack+on+El+Fasher%2C+sparking+displacement&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle278904%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-mil-expert-advance-in-darfur-will-boost-rsf-leverage-in-jeddah">"Sudan mil expert: 'Advances in Darfur will boost RSF leverage in Jeddah'"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 2 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102174943/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-mil-expert-advance-in-darfur-will-boost-rsf-leverage-in-jeddah">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+mil+expert%3A+%27Advances+in+Darfur+will+boost+RSF+leverage+in+Jeddah%27&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-mil-expert-advance-in-darfur-will-boost-rsf-leverage-in-jeddah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chad-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chad_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chad_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chad_161-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/mass-arrests-in-el-geneina-after">"Mass arrests in El Geneina after withdrawal of garrison to Chad"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 6 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106214223/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/mass-arrests-in-el-geneina-after">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Mass+arrests+in+El+Geneina+after+withdrawal+of+garrison+to+Chad&rft.date=2023-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fmass-arrests-in-el-geneina-after&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ardamata-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ardamata_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ardamata_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-seize-north-darfur-garrison-reportedly-commit-mass-atrocities-in-west-darfur">"RSF seize North Darfur garrison, reportedly commit mass atrocities in West Darfur"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 8 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108120917/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-seize-north-darfur-garrison-reportedly-commit-mass-atrocities-in-west-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=RSF+seize+North+Darfur+garrison%2C+reportedly+commit+mass+atrocities+in+West+Darfur&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frsf-seize-north-darfur-garrison-reportedly-commit-mass-atrocities-in-west-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fashir-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Fashir_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/11/16/a-genocidal-militia-is-winning-the-war-in-sudan">"A genocidal militia is winning the war in Sudan"</a>. The Economist. 16 November 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120040219/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/11/16/a-genocidal-militia-is-winning-the-war-in-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+genocidal+militia+is+winning+the+war+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2Fa-genocidal-militia-is-winning-the-war-in-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNashed2023" class="citation web cs1">Nashed, Mat (8 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/sudans-rsf-closes-in-on-capturing-all-of-darfur">"Sudan's RSF closes in on capturing all of Darfur"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108165304/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/sudans-rsf-closes-in-on-capturing-all-of-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+RSF+closes+in+on+capturing+all+of+Darfur&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.aulast=Nashed&rft.aufirst=Mat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F8%2Fsudans-rsf-closes-in-on-capturing-all-of-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article279589/">"RSF seize control of Sudanese army base in East Darfur"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 21 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231123162548/https://sudantribune.com/article279589/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=RSF+seize+control+of+Sudanese+army+base+in+East+Darfur&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle279589%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-east-darfur-saf-base-falls-to-rsf-control">"Sudan war: East Darfur SAF base 'falls to RSF'"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 22 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122133540/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-east-darfur-saf-base-falls-to-rsf-control">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+war%3A+East+Darfur+SAF+base+%27falls+to+RSF%27&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-war-east-darfur-saf-base-falls-to-rsf-control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawal2023" class="citation web cs1">Lawal, Shola (31 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/31/why-are-sudans-warring-factions-meeting-in-jeddah">"Why are Sudan's warring factions meeting in Jeddah?"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217213619/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/31/why-are-sudans-warring-factions-meeting-in-jeddah">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Why+are+Sudan%27s+warring+factions+meeting+in+Jeddah%3F&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft.aulast=Lawal&rft.aufirst=Shola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F31%2Fwhy-are-sudans-warring-factions-meeting-in-jeddah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20231107-sudanese-army-rsf-paramilitary-forces-agree-to-facilitate-humanitarian-aid">"Sudan's army, RSF fighters agree on humanitarian aid in peace talks but fall short of ceasefire"</a>. France 24. 7 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217060356/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20231107-sudanese-army-rsf-paramilitary-forces-agree-to-facilitate-humanitarian-aid">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+army%2C+RSF+fighters+agree+on+humanitarian+aid+in+peace+talks+but+fall+short+of+ceasefire&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20231107-sudanese-army-rsf-paramilitary-forces-agree-to-facilitate-humanitarian-aid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article280013/">"Mediators suspended Sudan's ceasefire talks Indefinitely"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 3 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216230259/https://sudantribune.com/article280013/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mediators+suspended+Sudan%27s+ceasefire+talks+Indefinitely&rft.date=2023-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle280013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/regional-bloc-calls-for-summit-to-consider-sudan-troop-deployment">"Regional bloc calls for summit to consider Sudan troop deployment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 10 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711000746/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/regional-bloc-calls-for-summit-to-consider-sudan-troop-deployment">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Regional+bloc+calls+for+summit+to+consider+Sudan+troop+deployment&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F7%2F10%2Fregional-bloc-calls-for-summit-to-consider-sudan-troop-deployment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/african-mediators-claim-progress-in-latest-effort-to-end-war-in-sudan">"African mediators claim progress in latest effort to end war in Sudan"</a>. Al Jazeera. 11 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217182200/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/african-mediators-claim-progress-in-latest-effort-to-end-war-in-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+mediators+claim+progress+in+latest+effort+to+end+war+in+Sudan&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Fafrican-mediators-claim-progress-in-latest-effort-to-end-war-in-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-attack-wad-ajana-in-north-kordofan">"RSF attack Wad Ajana in North Kordofan"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 2 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040137/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-attack-wad-ajana-in-north-kordofan">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+attack+Wad+Ajana+in+North+Kordofan&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-attack-wad-ajana-in-north-kordofan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/thousands-flee-southern-sudan-town-162021815.html">"Thousands flee southern Sudan town as war spreads: witnesses"</a>. Yahoo News. AFP. 2 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040139/https://news.yahoo.com/thousands-flee-southern-sudan-town-162021815.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Thousands+flee+southern+Sudan+town+as+war+spreads%3A+witnesses&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fthousands-flee-southern-sudan-town-162021815.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-liberates-vital-sudan-oilfield">"RSF 'liberates' vital Sudan oilfield"</a>. Dabanga Sudan. 30 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030173744/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-liberates-vital-sudan-oilfield">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dabanga+Sudan&rft.atitle=RSF+%27liberates%27+vital+Sudan+oilfield&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frsf-liberates-vital-sudan-oilfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baleela-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Baleela_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-support-attack-balila-oilfield">"Rapid Support attack Balila oilfield airport and kill at least 16"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 30 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031011538/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-support-attack-balila-oilfield">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Rapid+Support+attack+Balila+oilfield+airport+and+kill+at+least+16&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frapid-support-attack-balila-oilfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-support-forces-attack-al-aliyifun">"Rapid Support Forces attack al-'Aylafun"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 6 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040137/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-support-forces-attack-al-aliyifun">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Rapid+Support+Forces+attack+al-%27Aylafun&rft.date=2023-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frapid-support-forces-attack-al-aliyifun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/06/Sudan-paramilitaries-capture-key-oil-station-Witnesses">"Sudan paramilitaries capture key oil station: Witnesses"</a>. Al-Arabiya. AFP. 6 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040136/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/06/Sudan-paramilitaries-capture-key-oil-station-Witnesses">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Arabiya&rft.atitle=Sudan+paramilitaries+capture+key+oil+station%3A+Witnesses&rft.date=2023-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2023%2F10%2F06%2FSudan-paramilitaries-capture-key-oil-station-Witnesses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEltahir2023" class="citation news cs1">Eltahir, Nafisa (26 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/paramilitary-rsf-say-they-have-seized-sudans-second-city-2023-10-26/">"Paramilitary RSF say they have seized Sudan's second city"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Paramilitary+RSF+say+they+have+seized+Sudan%27s+second+city&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft.aulast=Eltahir&rft.aufirst=Nafisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fparamilitary-rsf-say-they-have-seized-sudans-second-city-2023-10-26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shambat-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shambat_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shambat_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article279244/">"Sudanese army accuses RSF of destroying strategic bridge in the capital"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 11 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111182847/https://sudantribune.com/article279244/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudanese+army+accuses+RSF+of+destroying+strategic+bridge+in+the+capital&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle279244%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/shambat-bridge-destroyed-bringing">"Shambat Bridge destroyed, bringing new advantage to Sudan's army"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 11 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231123162550/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/shambat-bridge-destroyed-bringing">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Shambat+Bridge+destroyed%2C+bringing+new+advantage+to+Sudan%27s+army&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fshambat-bridge-destroyed-bringing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-launch-attack-to-capture-jebel">"RSF launch attack to capture Jebel Aulia dam"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 12 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112164023/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-launch-attack-to-capture-jebel">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+launch+attack+to+capture+Jebel+Aulia+dam&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-launch-attack-to-capture-jebel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JebDam-182"><a href="#cite_ref-JebDam_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-close-to-capturing-jebel-aulia">"RSF capture Jebel Aulia dam"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 20 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120180227/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-close-to-capturing-jebel-aulia">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+capture+Jebel+Aulia+dam&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-close-to-capturing-jebel-aulia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-collapse-of-saf-defenses-in">"Rapid collapse of Sudan army defenses in Jebel Aulia"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 21 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120203952/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rapid-collapse-of-saf-defenses-in">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Rapid+collapse+of+Sudan+army+defenses+in+Jebel+Aulia&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frapid-collapse-of-saf-defenses-in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-raid-abu-guta-in-northern-jezira">"Map: RSF raid Abu Guta in Jezira State"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 15 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216100214/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-raid-abu-guta-in-northern-jezira">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map%3A+RSF+raid+Abu+Guta+in+Jezira+State&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-raid-abu-guta-in-northern-jezira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdelaziz2023" class="citation web cs1">Abdelaziz, Khalid (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-rsf-advances-wad-madani-eight-month-old-war-spreads-2023-12-15/">"Sudan's RSF advances on Wad Madani as eight-month-old war spreads"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215232239/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-rsf-advances-wad-madani-eight-month-old-war-spreads-2023-12-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%27s+RSF+advances+on+Wad+Madani+as+eight-month-old+war+spreads&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Abdelaziz&rft.aufirst=Khalid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudans-rsf-advances-wad-madani-eight-month-old-war-spreads-2023-12-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HantoobBridge-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HantoobBridge_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HantoobBridge_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-seize-bridge-and-storm-into-wad">"RSF seize bridge and storm into Wad Madani"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 19 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218221858/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-seize-bridge-and-storm-into-wad">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+seize+bridge+and+storm+into+Wad+Madani&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-seize-bridge-and-storm-into-wad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WadMadaniMonitor-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WadMadaniMonitor_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WadMadaniMonitor_187-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WadMadaniMonitor_187-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-wad-madani-fuels-criticism">"Fall of Wad Madani fuels criticism of army"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 20 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231220132200/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fall-of-wad-madani-fuels-criticism">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fall+of+Wad+Madani+fuels+criticism+of+army&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffall-of-wad-madani-fuels-criticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeziraOffensive-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GeziraOffensive_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeziraOffensive_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-consolidate-control-over-jezira">"RSF consolidate control over Jezira and reach the gates of Sennar"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 22 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125235/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-consolidate-control-over-jezira">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+consolidate+control+over+Jezira+and+reach+the+gates+of+Sennar&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-consolidate-control-over-jezira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/khartoum-control-map-dec-2023">"Map: Areas of Control in Central Sudan"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 28 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102175607/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/khartoum-control-map-dec-2023">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map%3A+Areas+of+Control+in+Central+Sudan&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fkhartoum-control-map-dec-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.net/article280649/">"Eastern Sudan announces general mobilization against the Rapid Support Force"</a>. Sudan Tribune (in Arabic). 25 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225171347/https://sudantribune.net/article280649/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Eastern+Sudan+announces+general+mobilization+against+the+Rapid+Support+Force&rft.date=2023-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.net%2Farticle280649%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RwandaMemorial-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RwandaMemorial_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RwandaMemorial_191-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RwandaMemorial_191-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/janjaweed-leader-visits-rwanda-genocide">"Janjaweed leader visits Rwanda genocide memorial"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 6 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107002005/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/janjaweed-leader-visits-rwanda-genocide">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Janjaweed+leader+visits+Rwanda+genocide+memorial&rft.date=2024-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fjanjaweed-leader-visits-rwanda-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/breaking-sudans-el-burhan-agrees-to-meet-with-hemedti">"Breaking: Sudan's El Burhan agrees to meet with 'Hemedti'"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 22 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103130747/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/breaking-sudans-el-burhan-agrees-to-meet-with-hemedti">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+Sudan%27s+El+Burhan+agrees+to+meet+with+%27Hemedti%27&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-sudans-el-burhan-agrees-to-meet-with-hemedti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/514756.aspx">"Djibouti summit between Sudan's warring generals postponed to January"</a>. Ahram Online. 27 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402000807/https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/514756.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahram+Online&rft.atitle=Djibouti+summit+between+Sudan%27s+warring+generals+postponed+to+January&rft.date=2023-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNews%2F514756.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Signals-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Signals_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Signals_194-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/2/sudans-feared-paramilitary-leader-signals-ambition-to-rule-the-country">"Sudan's feared paramilitary leader signals ambition to rule the country"</a>. Al Jazeera. 3 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103170206/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/2/sudans-feared-paramilitary-leader-signals-ambition-to-rule-the-country">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+feared+paramilitary+leader+signals+ambition+to+rule+the+country&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F2%2Fsudans-feared-paramilitary-leader-signals-ambition-to-rule-the-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article280911/">"RSF to release over 450 prisoners, says ready for immediate ceasefire in Sudan"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 2 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110040025/https://sudantribune.com/article280911/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=RSF+to+release+over+450+prisoners%2C+says+ready+for+immediate+ceasefire+in+Sudan&rft.date=2024-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle280911%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEltahir2024" class="citation web cs1">Eltahir, Nafisa (5 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-burhan-says-no-reconciliation-with-paramilitary-rsf-2024-01-05/">"Sudan's Burhan says 'no reconciliation' with paramilitary RSF"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%27s+Burhan+says+%27no+reconciliation%27+with+paramilitary+RSF&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.aulast=Eltahir&rft.aufirst=Nafisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudans-burhan-says-no-reconciliation-with-paramilitary-rsf-2024-01-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sovereign-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sovereign_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sovereign_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/16/sudan-suspends-contacts-with-igad-mediating-group-foreign-ministry">"Sudan suspends contacts with IGAD mediating group foreign ministry"</a>. Al Jazeera. 16 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116235611/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/16/sudan-suspends-contacts-with-igad-mediating-group-foreign-ministry">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan+suspends+contacts+with+IGAD+mediating+group+foreign+ministry&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F16%2Fsudan-suspends-contacts-with-igad-mediating-group-foreign-ministry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-habila-kordofan">"RSF attack Habila in the Nuba Mountains"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 4 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110150741/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-habila-kordofan">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=RSF+attack+Habila+in+the+Nuba+Mountains&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Frsf-habila-kordofan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalang-199"><a href="#cite_ref-Dalang_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-rages-in-dilling-after-rsf">"Fighting rages in Dilling after RSF attack"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 10 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010056/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-rages-in-dilling-after-rsf">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fighting+rages+in+Dilling+after+RSF+attack&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffighting-rages-in-dilling-after-rsf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSFDalangDefeat-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RSFDalangDefeat_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RSFDalangDefeat_200-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/kordofan-conflict-spirals-in-dangerous">"Kordofan conflict spirals in dangerous direction"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 13 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112230011/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/kordofan-conflict-spirals-in-dangerous">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Kordofan+conflict+spirals+in+dangerous+direction&rft.date=2024-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fkordofan-conflict-spirals-in-dangerous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-in-west-of-sennar-after">"Fighting west of Sennar after IGAD summit"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 19 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125152051/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-in-west-of-sennar-after">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fighting+west+of+Sennar+after+IGAD+summit&rft.date=2024-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffighting-in-west-of-sennar-after&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/sudan-army-at-risk-of-another-disaster">"Sudan army at risk of another disaster in Babanusa"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127060422/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/sudan-army-at-risk-of-another-disaster">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Sudan+army+at+risk+of+another+disaster+in+Babanusa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fsudan-army-at-risk-of-another-disaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudanwarmonitor.com-203"><a href="#cite_ref-sudanwarmonitor.com_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-escalates-on-the-jazira">"Fighting escalates on the Jazira front"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 3 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304143328/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-escalates-on-the-jazira">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fighting+escalates+on+the+Jazira+front&rft.date=2024-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffighting-escalates-on-the-jazira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/jem-to-join-battle-on-gedaref-front">"JEM to join battle on Gedaref front"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 22 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323134333/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/jem-to-join-battle-on-gedaref-front">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=JEM+to+join+battle+on+Gedaref+front&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fjem-to-join-battle-on-gedaref-front&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/sudan-army-advances-into-jazira-state">"Sudan army advances into Jazira State"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 8 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240409144531/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/sudan-army-advances-into-jazira-state">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Sudan+army+advances+into+Jazira+State&rft.date=2024-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fsudan-army-advances-into-jazira-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/heavy-fighting-rages-in-al-madina-arab-al-gazira-state">"Heavy fighting rages in Al-Madina Arab, Al Gazira State"</a>. Radio Tamazuj. 15 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240415085337/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/heavy-fighting-rages-in-al-madina-arab-al-gazira-state">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Tamazuj&rft.atitle=Heavy+fighting+rages+in+Al-Madina+Arab%2C+Al+Gazira+State&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotamazuj.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fheavy-fighting-rages-in-al-madina-arab-al-gazira-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BreaksSiege-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksSiege_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksSiege_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-omdurman-breakthrough">"Map: Sudan army breaks Omdurman siege"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 19 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240220030938/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-omdurman-breakthrough">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map%3A+Sudan+army+breaks+Omdurman+siege&rft.date=2024-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fmap-omdurman-breakthrough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElimam2024" class="citation web cs1">Elimam, Ahmed (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-army-says-it-took-control-national-radio-television-hq-statement-2024-03-12/">"Sudan's army says it took control of national radio and television HQ"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312193124/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-army-says-it-took-control-national-radio-television-hq-statement-2024-03-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%27s+army+says+it+took+control+of+national+radio+and+television+HQ&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.aulast=Elimam&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudans-army-says-it-took-control-national-radio-television-hq-statement-2024-03-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-set-to-escalate-in-bahri">"Fighting set to escalate in Bahri"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 17 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319144414/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/fighting-set-to-escalate-in-bahri">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Fighting+set+to+escalate+in+Bahri&rft.date=2024-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Ffighting-set-to-escalate-in-bahri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/khartoum-control-map-april-2024">"Map of the Areas of Control in Khartoum"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 5 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405231438/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/khartoum-control-map-april-2024">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map+of+the+Areas+of+Control+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2024-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fkhartoum-control-map-april-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/c75">"عشرات الجرحي والقتلى من المدنيين بسبب الإشتباكات في الفاشر مساء اليوم"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 15 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420002004/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/c75">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fc75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-joint-force-declares-war-on">"Darfur Joint Force declares war on Rapid Support Forces"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 15 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420002010/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-joint-force-declares-war-on">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Darfur+Joint+Force+declares+war+on+Rapid+Support+Forces&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fdarfur-joint-force-declares-war-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-merowe-meeting">"Darfur movements coordinate war plans against RSF"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 4 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505154541/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-merowe-meeting">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Darfur+movements+coordinate+war+plans+against+RSF&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fdarfur-movements-merowe-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/understanding-el-fasher-battle">"Understanding the fighting in El Fasher"</a>. Sudan War Monitor. 24 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526175335/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/understanding-el-fasher-battle">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+fighting+in+El+Fasher&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Funderstanding-el-fasher-battle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/b198-halting-catastrophic-battle-sudans-el-fasher">"Halting the Catastrophic Battle for Sudan's El Fasher"</a>. Crisis Group. 24 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711022217/https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/b198-halting-catastrophic-battle-sudans-el-fasher">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2024. 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Sudan War Monitor. 23 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+War+Monitor&rft.atitle=Map%3A+Sudan+army+advances+in+eastern+states&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudanwarmonitor.com%2Fp%2Fmap-sennar-jazira-offensive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/26/dozens-killed-by-paramilitary-rsf-in-sudans-gezira-aid-groups-say">"Dozens killed by paramilitary RSF in Sudan's Gezira, aid groups say"</a>. Al Jazeera. 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Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Fighting+reignites+between+Sudan+army%2C+RSF+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F7%2F2%2Ffighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-241"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/save-the-children-org-children-as-young-as-12-raped-as-sexual-violence-rips-through-sudan">"Save the Children: Children as young as 12 raped as sexual violence rips through Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 10 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710101550/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/save-the-children-org-children-as-young-as-12-raped-as-sexual-violence-rips-through-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Save+the+Children%3A+Children+as+young+as+12+raped+as+sexual+violence+rips+through+Sudan&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsave-the-children-org-children-as-young-as-12-raped-as-sexual-violence-rips-through-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b%26Rape%20an%20everyday%20reality%20in%20war-hit%20Sudan%20-%20activist%262023-11-22T15%3A01%3A30.955Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3Aafc1cdc9-39f9-485e-a285-50cbbd687808&pinned_post_asset_id=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b&pinned_post_type=share%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b%26Rape%20an%20everyday%20reality%20in%20war-hit%20Sudan%20-%20activist%262023-11-22T15%3A01%3A30.955Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3Aafc1cdc9-39f9-485e-a285-50cbbd687808&pinned_post_asset_id=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b&pinned_post_type=share">"Rape an everyday reality in war-hit Sudan – activist"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122173015/https://www.bbc.com/news/world?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b%26Rape%20an%20everyday%20reality%20in%20war-hit%20Sudan%20-%20activist%262023-11-22T15%3A01%3A30.955Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3Aafc1cdc9-39f9-485e-a285-50cbbd687808&pinned_post_asset_id=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b&pinned_post_type=share%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b%26Rape%20an%20everyday%20reality%20in%20war-hit%20Sudan%20-%20activist%262023-11-22T15%3A01%3A30.955Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3Aafc1cdc9-39f9-485e-a285-50cbbd687808&pinned_post_asset_id=655dd5fb25a3f53728286a1b&pinned_post_type=share">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. 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Retrieved 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Sudan+slips+into+famine+as+warring+sides+starve+civilians&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft.aulast=Pietromarchi&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F3%2F29%2Fsudan-slips-into-famine-as-warring-sides-starve-civilians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/28/sudan-widespread-sexual-violence-capital">"Sudan: Widespread Sexual Violence in the Capital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 28 July 2024. 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Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Nearly+100+people+dead+across+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F17%2Fsudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dabanga5k-250">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dabanga5k_250-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabanga5k_250-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide">"More than 5,000 reportedly killed in El Geneina 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 20 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621093528/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=More+than+5%2C000+reportedly+killed+in+El+Geneina+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2023-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fmore-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10kcnn-251">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10kcnn_251-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-10kcnn_251-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html">"10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 26 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819004145/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10%2C000+reported+killed+in+one+West+Darfur+city%2C+as+ethnic+violence+ravages+Sudanese+region&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F07%2F26%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article275738/">"RSF accused of over 500 cases of enforced disappearance in Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=RSF+accused+of+over+500+cases+of+enforced+disappearance+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle275738%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acleddata.com/explorer/">"Explorer"</a>. ACLED. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527154805/https://acleddata.com/explorer/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2024. 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Retrieved 16 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Ethnic+violence+in+Sudan+raises+genocide+alarm+as+war+rages+on&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F13%2Fethnic-violence-in-sudan-raises-genocide-alarm-as-war-rages-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-255">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_255-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_255-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html">"New killings reported in Darfur on second day of Sudan ceasefire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 19 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629171052/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=New+killings+reported+in+Darfur+on+second+day+of+Sudan+ceasefire&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F06%2F19%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukcleansing22-256">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ukcleansing22_256-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukcleansing22_256-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-67020154">"Sudan conflict: Ethnic cleansing committed in Darfur, UK says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> News. 18 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018051807/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-67020154">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+conflict%3A+Ethnic+cleansing+committed+in+Darfur%2C+UK+says&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-67020154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/horrifying-testimonies-from-west-darfur-as-another-masalit-sultan-relative-is-killed">"Horrifying testimonies on West Darfur ethnic targeting as other Masalit Sultan relative is killed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 19 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705224320/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/horrifying-testimonies-from-west-darfur-as-another-masalit-sultan-relative-is-killed">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Horrifying+testimonies+on+West+Darfur+ethnic+targeting+as+other+Masalit+Sultan+relative+is+killed&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fhorrifying-testimonies-from-west-darfur-as-another-masalit-sultan-relative-is-killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/card/3FObQ8Aaoi/">"SUDAN: Humanitarian Update (01 November 2024)"</a>. UNOCHA. 3 November 2024. 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Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86..+%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9+%28%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmubasher.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F15%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b3%25d9%2588%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d9%2585%25d8%25b3%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ac%25d9%258a%25d8%25b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGridneffWalsh2023" class="citation news cs1">Gridneff, Matina Stevis; Walsh, Declan (18 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/04/18/world/sudan-khartoum-fighting-news/the-eus-top-humanitarian-aid-officer-in-sudan-was-shot-in-khartoum">"The E.U.'s top humanitarian aid officer in Sudan was shot in Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418225805/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/04/18/world/sudan-khartoum-fighting-news/the-eus-top-humanitarian-aid-officer-in-sudan-was-shot-in-khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+E.U.%27s+top+humanitarian+aid+officer+in+Sudan+was+shot+in+Khartoum.&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Gridneff&rft.aufirst=Matina+Stevis&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Declan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2023%2F04%2F18%2Fworld%2Fsudan-khartoum-fighting-news%2Fthe-eus-top-humanitarian-aid-officer-in-sudan-was-shot-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-iom-idAFL8N36O3PT">"Humanitarian worker killed in Sudan crossfire, IOM says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 21 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421141548/https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-iom-idAFL8N36O3PT">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Humanitarian+worker+killed+in+Sudan+crossfire%2C+IOM+says&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsudan-politics-iom-idAFL8N36O3PT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/07/21/Doctors-Without-Borders-team-attack-in-Sudan-s-Khartoum">"Doctors Without Borders team attacked in Sudan's Khartoum"</a>. al-Arabiya. 21 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721161938/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/07/21/Doctors-Without-Borders-team-attack-in-Sudan-s-Khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Arabiya&rft.atitle=Doctors+Without+Borders+team+attacked+in+Sudan%27s+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2023%2F07%2F21%2FDoctors-Without-Borders-team-attack-in-Sudan-s-Khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clementine-263">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clementine_263-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-clementine_263-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-in-sudan-enters-100th-day-almost-no-health-care-available-in-conflict-areas">"Sudan war enters its 100th day, medicines almost depleted in conflict areas"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 26 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726121545/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-in-sudan-enters-100th-day-almost-no-health-care-available-in-conflict-areas">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+war+enters+its+100th+day%2C+medicines+almost+depleted+in+conflict+areas&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fwar-in-sudan-enters-100th-day-almost-no-health-care-available-in-conflict-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277819/">"Sudan, South Sudan most dangerous countries for aid workers, UN says"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 29 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174934/https://sudantribune.com/article277819/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan%2C+South+Sudan+most+dangerous+countries+for+aid+workers%2C+UN+says&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277819%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-looting-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-looting_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-looting_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/wfp-chief-looting-is-stealing-from-the-hungry-food-for-4-4-million-people-at-stake">"WFP chief: Sudan looting is 'stealing from the hungry – food for 4.4 million people at stake'"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=WFP+chief%3A+Sudan+looting+is+%27stealing+from+the+hungry+%E2%80%93+food+for+4.4+million+people+at+stake%27&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fwfp-chief-looting-is-stealing-from-the-hungry-food-for-4-4-million-people-at-stake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/statement-looting-humanitarian-warehouses-sudan">"Statement on the looting of humanitarian warehouses in Sudan"</a>. ReliefWeb. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=Statement+on+the+looting+of+humanitarian+warehouses+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fsudan%2Fstatement-looting-humanitarian-warehouses-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/violations-against-journalists-in-sudan-war">"Violations against journalists in Sudan war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 6 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629010338/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/violations-against-journalists-in-sudan-war">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Violations+against+journalists+in+Sudan+war&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fviolations-against-journalists-in-sudan-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-storm-offices-of-el-midan-newspaper-in-sudan">"RSF storm El Midan newspaper in Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 31 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629011052/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-storm-offices-of-el-midan-newspaper-in-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=RSF+storm+El+Midan+newspaper+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frsf-storm-offices-of-el-midan-newspaper-in-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-attacks-anonymous-lists">"Sudanese journalists condemn attacks, 'anonymous lists'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 13 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629012609/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-attacks-anonymous-lists">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudanese+journalists+condemn+attacks%2C+%27anonymous+lists%27&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudanese-journalists-condemn-attacks-anonymous-lists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-journalists-condemn-shooting-of-photojournalist-and-continued-press-attacks">"Sudan journalists condemn shooting of photojournalist and 'continued press attacks'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 6 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706155419/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-journalists-condemn-shooting-of-photojournalist-and-continued-press-attacks">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+journalists+condemn+shooting+of+photojournalist+and+%27continued+press+attacks%27&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-journalists-condemn-shooting-of-photojournalist-and-continued-press-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/16/silencing-dissent-journalists-in-sudan-face-threats-raids">"Silencing dissent: Journalists in Sudan face threats, raids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 16 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230618073847/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/16/silencing-dissent-journalists-in-sudan-face-threats-raids">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Silencing+dissent%3A+Journalists+in+Sudan+face+threats%2C+raids&rft.date=2023-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F16%2Fsilencing-dissent-journalists-in-sudan-face-threats-raids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/two-journalists-shot-by-snipers-in-khartoum">"Two journalists shot by snipers in Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 19 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629012612/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/two-journalists-shot-by-snipers-in-khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Two+journalists+shot+by+snipers+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Ftwo-journalists-shot-by-snipers-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/2023/05/journalists-shot-beaten-and-harassed-covering-conflict-between-sudans-rival-military-groups/">"Journalists shot, beaten, and harassed covering conflict between Sudan's rival military groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">CPJ</a>. 30 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611180530/https://cpj.org/2023/05/journalists-shot-beaten-and-harassed-covering-conflict-between-sudans-rival-military-groups/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CPJ&rft.atitle=Journalists+shot%2C+beaten%2C+and+harassed+covering+conflict+between+Sudan%27s+rival+military+groups&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpj.org%2F2023%2F05%2Fjournalists-shot-beaten-and-harassed-covering-conflict-between-sudans-rival-military-groups%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fierce-battles-continue-in-sudan-capital-kordofan-and-darfur">"Fierce battles continue in Sudan capital, Kordofan and Darfur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 7 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720162319/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fierce-battles-continue-in-sudan-capital-kordofan-and-darfur">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Fierce+battles+continue+in+Sudan+capital%2C+Kordofan+and+Darfur&rft.date=2023-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Ffierce-battles-continue-in-sudan-capital-kordofan-and-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-targeting-of-professionals-and-volunteers">"Sudanese journalists condemn targeting of professionals and volunteers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 9 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811003000/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-targeting-of-professionals-and-volunteers">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudanese+journalists+condemn+targeting+of+professionals+and+volunteers&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudanese-journalists-condemn-targeting-of-professionals-and-volunteers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-childsoldier-276"><a href="#cite_ref-childsoldier_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/continuous-shelling-in-khartoum-and-omdurman-kills-more-than-eleven-in-fiercest-battles-yet">"Child soldiers reported in Sudan battles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 22 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230823125553/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/continuous-shelling-in-khartoum-and-omdurman-kills-more-than-eleven-in-fiercest-battles-yet">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Child+soldiers+reported+in+Sudan+battles&rft.date=2023-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fcontinuous-shelling-in-khartoum-and-omdurman-kills-more-than-eleven-in-fiercest-battles-yet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article278258/">"CPJ calls for investigation into killing of Sudanese journalist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020175417/https://sudantribune.com/article278258/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=CPJ+calls+for+investigation+into+killing+of+Sudanese+journalist&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle278258%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-leaves-sudan-media-in-turmoil">"War leaves Sudan media in 'turmoil'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 11 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810235611/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-leaves-sudan-media-in-turmoil">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=War+leaves+Sudan+media+in+%27turmoil%27&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fwar-leaves-sudan-media-in-turmoil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article280138/">"RSF turned media premises into detention facilities: Sudanese Journalists Union"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=RSF+turned+media+premises+into+detention+facilities%3A+Sudanese+Journalists+Union&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle280138%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmin2024" class="citation web cs1">Amin, Mohammed (18 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-war-army-rsf-profit-smuggling-food-fuel-starlink">"Sudan war: Army and RSF both profiting from smuggling of vital goods"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Sudan+war%3A+Army+and+RSF+both+profiting+from+smuggling+of+vital+goods&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft.aulast=Amin&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsudan-war-army-rsf-profit-smuggling-food-fuel-starlink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starlink-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starlink_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starlink_281-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/2024/03/back-to-the-dark-ages-editor-ataf-mohamed-on-sudans-wartime-communications-blackout/">"'Back to the dark ages': Editor Ataf Mohamed on Sudan's wartime communications blackout"</a>. cpj.org. 21 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240415123737/https://cpj.org/2024/03/back-to-the-dark-ages-editor-ataf-mohamed-on-sudans-wartime-communications-blackout/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpj.org&rft.atitle=%27Back+to+the+dark+ages%27%3A+Editor+Ataf+Mohamed+on+Sudan%27s+wartime+communications+blackout&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpj.org%2F2024%2F03%2Fback-to-the-dark-ages-editor-ataf-mohamed-on-sudans-wartime-communications-blackout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPJ-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPJ_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPJ_282-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPJ_282-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/2024/04/one-year-into-sudans-civil-war-its-media-faces-grave-threats/">"One year into Sudan's civil war, its media faces grave threats"</a>. cpj.org. 12 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412155531/https://cpj.org/2024/04/one-year-into-sudans-civil-war-its-media-faces-grave-threats/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpj.org&rft.atitle=One+year+into+Sudan%27s+civil+war%2C+its+media+faces+grave+threats&rft.date=2024-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpj.org%2F2024%2F04%2Fone-year-into-sudans-civil-war-its-media-faces-grave-threats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-283">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_283-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_283-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apanews.net/2023/04/23/at-least-15-ethiopians-killed-in-sudan-crossfires/">"At least 15 Ethiopians killed in Sudan crossfires"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apa+News&rft.atitle=At+least+15+Ethiopians+killed+in+Sudan+crossfires&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapanews.net%2F2023%2F04%2F23%2Fat-least-15-ethiopians-killed-in-sudan-crossfires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Awsat_diplo-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Awsat_diplo_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Awsat_diplo_284-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4296896/diplomat-says-15-syrians-killed-amid-clashes-sudan">"Diplomat Says 15 Syrians Killed Amid Clashes in Sudan"</a>. Asharq Al-Awsat. 27 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230504163158/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4296896/diplomat-says-15-syrians-killed-amid-clashes-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asharq+Al-Awsat&rft.atitle=Diplomat+Says+15+Syrians+Killed+Amid+Clashes+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F4296896%2Fdiplomat-says-15-syrians-killed-amid-clashes-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_285-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMwai2023" class="citation news cs1">Mwai, Peter (7 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65821597">"Sudan conflict: Army accused of killing Congolese in campus bombing"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606172426/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65821597">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Sudan+conflict%3A+Army+accused+of+killing+Congolese+in+campus+bombing&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.aulast=Mwai&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65821597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-286">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_286-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_286-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/07/eritrea-accused-of-forcibly-repatriating-civilians-caught-up-in-sudan-fighting">"Eritrea accused of forcibly repatriating civilians caught up in Sudan fighting"</a>. The Guardian. 7 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512004130/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/07/eritrea-accused-of-forcibly-repatriating-civilians-caught-up-in-sudan-fighting">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Eritrea+accused+of+forcibly+repatriating+civilians+caught+up+in+Sudan+fighting&rft.date=2023-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fmay%2F07%2Feritrea-accused-of-forcibly-repatriating-civilians-caught-up-in-sudan-fighting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_287-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnn.network/breaking-news/egyptian-doctors-killed-in-sudan-conflict-buried-in-backyard/">"Egyptian Doctors Killed in Sudan Conflict, Buried in Backyard"</a>. BNN Network. 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Retrieved 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BNN+Network&rft.atitle=Egyptian+Doctors+Killed+in+Sudan+Conflict%2C+Buried+in+Backyard&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnn.network%2Fbreaking-news%2Fegyptian-doctors-killed-in-sudan-conflict-buried-in-backyard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-288">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_288-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_288-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolinovsky2023" class="citation web cs1">Kolinovsky, Sarah (27 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/2nd-american-dies-amid-violence-sudan-state-department/story?id=98877370">"2nd American dies amid violence in Sudan, White House official says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503040230/https://abcnews.go.com/US/2nd-american-dies-amid-violence-sudan-state-department/story?id=98877370">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023. 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Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dozens+killed+as+fighting+between+Sudan+military+rivals+enters+a+second+day&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F04%2F15%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-presidential-palace-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkish-toddler-killed-in-ongoing-clashes-in-sudan/2875179">"Turkish toddler killed in ongoing clashes in Sudan"</a>. aa.com. 18 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420145522/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkish-toddler-killed-in-ongoing-clashes-in-sudan/2875179">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aa.com&rft.atitle=Turkish+toddler+killed+in+ongoing+clashes+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fafrica%2Fturkish-toddler-killed-in-ongoing-clashes-in-sudan%2F2875179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2293276/middle-east">"US confirms second American death in Sudan, seeks extended cease-fire"</a>. Arab News. 26 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145613/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2293276/middle-east">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=US+confirms+second+American+death+in+Sudan%2C+seeks+extended+cease-fire&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2293276%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull?fbclid=IwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A">"Egypt denies killing of assistant military attaché by RSF fire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 24 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425053712/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull?fbclid=IwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Egypt+denies+killing+of+assistant+military+attach%C3%A9+by+RSF+fire&rft.date=2023-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F24%2Fsudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643fc2b9bb343d77c4990224%26Trapped%20in%20a%20church%20in%20Sudan%20with%20no%20food%20or%20water%262023-04-19T11%3A03%3A47.390Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:dde9a5fe-790d-4929-a73c-0477863e47d4&pinned_post_asset_id=643fc2b9bb343d77c4990224&pinned_post_type=share">"Trapped in a church in Sudan with no food or water"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trapped+in+a+church+in+Sudan+with+no+food+or+water&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-64393826%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643fc2b9bb343d77c4990224%2526Trapped%2520in%2520a%2520church%2520in%2520Sudan%2520with%2520no%2520food%2520or%2520water%25262023-04-19T11%253A03%253A47.390Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3Adde9a5fe-790d-4929-a73c-0477863e47d4%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643fc2b9bb343d77c4990224%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnos.gr/World/article/256409/soydandramatikhkatastashgiatoysellhnesegklobismenoyskaitraymatiesxorispromhtheiesiatrikhperithalpshkaireyma">"Σουδάν: Δραματική κατάσταση για τους Έλληνες εγκλωβισμένους και τραυματίες – Χωρίς προμήθειες, ιατρική περίθαλψη και ρεύμα"</a> [Sudan: Dramatic situation for Greeks stranded and injured – No supplies, medical care and electricity]. ethnos.gr (in Greek). 18 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420062103/https://www.ethnos.gr/World/article/256409/soydandramatikhkatastashgiatoysellhnesegklobismenoyskaitraymatiesxorispromhtheiesiatrikhperithalpshkaireyma">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethnos.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%3A+%CE%94%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82+%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82+%E2%80%93+%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82+%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82%2C+%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%88%CE%B7+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnos.gr%2FWorld%2Farticle%2F256409%2Fsoydandramatikhkatastashgiatoysellhnesegklobismenoyskaitraymatiesxorispromhtheiesiatrikhperithalpshkaireyma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/20/23/ofw-injured-in-sudan-clashes-80-requesting-rescue-dfa">"Filipino injured in Sudan clashes; 80 requesting to be rescued: DFA"</a>. news.abs-cbn.com. 20 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420121216/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/20/23/ofw-injured-in-sudan-clashes-80-requesting-rescue-dfa">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.abs-cbn.com&rft.atitle=Filipino+injured+in+Sudan+clashes%3B+80+requesting+to+be+rescued%3A+DFA&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F04%2F20%2F23%2Fofw-injured-in-sudan-clashes-80-requesting-rescue-dfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230418095739-127-939134/1-wni-terluka-kena-peluru-nyasar-saat-terjebak-perang-saudara-di-sudan/">"1 WNI Terluka Kena Peluru Nyasar saat Terjebak Perang Saudara di Sudan"</a> [One Indonesian Citizen Injured by Stray Bullets while Trapped in Civil War in Sudan]. cnnindonesia.com (in Indonesian). 18 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418033543/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230418095739-127-939134/1-wni-terluka-kena-peluru-nyasar-saat-terjebak-perang-saudara-di-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnnindonesia.com&rft.atitle=1+WNI+Terluka+Kena+Peluru+Nyasar+saat+Terjebak+Perang+Saudara+di+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnindonesia.com%2Finternasional%2F20230418095739-127-939134%2F1-wni-terluka-kena-peluru-nyasar-saat-terjebak-perang-saudara-di-sudan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ambassador-297"><a href="#cite_ref-Ambassador_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65306695">"Sudan fighting: EU ambassador assaulted in Khartoum home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 17 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418070630/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65306695">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+fighting%3A+EU+ambassador+assaulted+in+Khartoum+home&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65306695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Residents_flee-298"><a href="#cite_ref-Residents_flee_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643fbb70bb343d77c499021c%26Residents%20flee%20Khartoum%20as%20battles%20rage%20for%20fifth%20day%262023-04-19T10%3A10%3A00.232Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:a2c7a871-756e-4741-b88a-e39f92d621c7&pinned_post_asset_id=643fbb70bb343d77c499021c&pinned_post_type=share">"Residents flee Khartoum as battles rage for fifth day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Residents+flee+Khartoum+as+battles+rage+for+fifth+day&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-64393826%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643fbb70bb343d77c499021c%2526Residents%2520flee%2520Khartoum%2520as%2520battles%2520rage%2520for%2520fifth%2520day%25262023-04-19T10%253A10%253A00.232Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3Aa2c7a871-756e-4741-b88a-e39f92d621c7%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643fbb70bb343d77c499021c%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-2023-2-299"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News-2023-2_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65363586">"Sudan fighting: Special forces airlift US diplomats from Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423110134/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65363586">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+fighting%3A+Special+forces+airlift+US+diplomats+from+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65363586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-France538-300"><a href="#cite_ref-France538_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce?update=2174719">"France evacuated 538 people, Macron says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 25 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=France+evacuated+538+people%2C+Macron+says&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F25%2Fsudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce%3Fupdate%3D2174719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/23/europe/france-evacuates-citizens-sudan-hnk-intl/index.html">"Foreign powers rescue nationals while Sudanese must fend for themselves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164026/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/23/europe/france-evacuates-citizens-sudan-hnk-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Foreign+powers+rescue+nationals+while+Sudanese+must+fend+for+themselves&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F04%2F23%2Feurope%2Ffrance-evacuates-citizens-sudan-hnk-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alittihad.ae/news/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A/4370142/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A"><bdi lang="ar">إصابة أحد أعضاء السفارة المصرية بالخرطوم بطلق ناري</bdi></a> (in Arabic). <a href="/wiki/Al-Ittihad_(Emirati_newspaper)" title="Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper)">Al-Ittihad</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423103514/https://www.alittihad.ae/news/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A/4370142/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A&rft.pub=Al-Ittihad&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alittihad.ae%2Fnews%2F%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A-%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%2F4370142%2F%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582-%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65467934">"Sudan crisis: Actress Asia Abdelmajid killed in Khartoum cross-fire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505015558/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65467934">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+crisis%3A+Actress+Asia+Abdelmajid+killed+in+Khartoum+cross-fire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65467934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65585746">"Sudan crisis: Sudanese singer Shaden Gardood killed in crossfire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514011400/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65585746">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+crisis%3A+Sudanese+singer+Shaden+Gardood+killed+in+crossfire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65585746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/relative-calm-in-khartoum-el-burhan-leaves-headquarters-and-travels-to-port-sudan">"Relative calm in Khartoum, El Burhan leaves headquarters and travels to Port Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 25 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230825163217/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/relative-calm-in-khartoum-el-burhan-leaves-headquarters-and-travels-to-port-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Relative+calm+in+Khartoum%2C+El+Burhan+leaves+headquarters+and+travels+to+Port+Sudan&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Frelative-calm-in-khartoum-el-burhan-leaves-headquarters-and-travels-to-port-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article277342/">"Zaghawa tribe accuses RSF of assassinating notables in South Darfur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 17 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174948/https://sudantribune.com/article277342/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Zaghawa+tribe+accuses+RSF+of+assassinating+notables+in+South+Darfur&rft.date=2023-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle277342%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-egy1-307"><a href="#cite_ref-egy1_307-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/sudan/2023/04/16/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><bdi lang="ar">الدعم السريع: نتعرض لهجوم من طيران أجنبي في بورتسودان</bdi></a> [Rapid Support: We are under attack from foreign aircraft in Port Sudan] (in Arabic). <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. 16 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417105900/https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/sudan/2023/04/16/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%3A+%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Farab-and-world%2Fsudan%2F2023%2F04%2F16%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9-%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B6-%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-egy2-308"><a href="#cite_ref-egy2_308-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickett2023" class="citation news cs1">Rickett, Oscar (18 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-decade-long-path-turmoil">"Sudan and a decade-long path to turmoil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418160458/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-decade-long-path-turmoil">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023. <q>'The Egyptians are already heavily involved,' Cameron Hudson, a former CIA analyst, told MEE. 'They are actively in the fight. There are Egyptian fighter jets that are part of these bombing campaigns. Egyptian special forces units have been deployed and the Egyptians are providing intelligence and tactical support to the SAF.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan+and+a+decade-long+path+to+turmoil&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Rickett&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsudan-decade-long-path-turmoil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-for1-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-for1_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-for1_309-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFauconSaidMalsin2023" class="citation news cs1">Faucon, Benoit; Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared (19 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b">"Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419190701/https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Libyan+Militia+and+Egypt%27s+Military+Back+Opposite+Sides+in+Sudan+Conflict&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft.aulast=Faucon&rft.aufirst=Benoit&rft.au=Said%2C+Summer&rft.au=Malsin%2C+Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Flibyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTackRogoway2023" class="citation news cs1">Tack, Sim; Rogoway, Tyler (17 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan">"Egyptian MiG-29s Destroyed In Sudan"</a>. The War Zone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418003826/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egyptian+MiG-29s+Destroyed+In+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft.aulast=Tack&rft.aufirst=Sim&rft.au=Rogoway%2C+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedrive.com%2Fthe-war-zone%2Fegyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/">"Sudan's RSF says it's ready to cooperate over Egyptian troops"</a>. Reuters. 15 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415161133/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+RSF+says+it%27s+ready+to+cooperate+over+Egyptian+troops&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418104709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates">"Sudan paramilitary group says it has seized presidential palace and Khartoum airport amid clashes with army – live"</a>. The Guardian. 15 April 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates">the original</a> on 18 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sudan+paramilitary+group+says+it+has+seized+presidential+palace+and+Khartoum+airport+amid+clashes+with+army+%E2%80%93+live&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2023%2Fapr%2F15%2Fsudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJreturn-313">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJreturn_313-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJreturn_313-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/egyptian-soldiers-captured-in-sudan-to-be-returned-says-rsf">"Egyptian soldiers captured in Sudan to be returned, says RSF"</a>. Aljazeera. 16 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416151727/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/egyptian-soldiers-captured-in-sudan-to-be-returned-says-rsf">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=Egyptian+soldiers+captured+in+Sudan+to+be+returned%2C+says+RSF&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F4%2F16%2Fegyptian-soldiers-captured-in-sudan-to-be-returned-says-rsf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto6-314"><a href="#cite_ref-auto6_314-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops">"Sudan's paramilitary shares video they claim shows 'surrendered' Egyptian troops"</a>. al-Arabiya. 15 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415192027/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Arabiya&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+paramilitary+shares+video+they+claim+shows+%27surrendered%27+Egyptian+troops&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fworld%2F2023%2F04%2F15%2FSudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlArabiya_Brk2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">@AlArabiya_Brk (15 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647269822567182336">"مراسل العربية: الجيش السوداني يطوق مطار مروي العسكري"</a> [Al-Arabiya correspondent: The Sudanese army encircled the Merowe military airport] (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Arabic) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%82+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft.au=AlArabiya_Brk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FAlArabiya_Brk%2Fstatus%2F1647269822567182336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643fd8a6457ab20a78fe617c%26Egyptian%20soldiers%20in%20Sudan%20moved%20from%20airbase%20-%20RSF%262023-04-19T12%3A25%3A28.165Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:806e1296-5bde-4f76-b3e0-439a5953f92d&pinned_post_asset_id=643fd8a6457ab20a78fe617c&pinned_post_type=share">"Egyptian soldiers in Sudan moved from airbase – RSF"</a>. BBC. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Egyptian+soldiers+in+Sudan+moved+from+airbase+%E2%80%93+RSF&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-64393826%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643fd8a6457ab20a78fe617c%2526Egyptian%2520soldiers%2520in%2520Sudan%2520moved%2520from%2520airbase%2520-%2520RSF%25262023-04-19T12%253A25%253A28.165Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3A806e1296-5bde-4f76-b3e0-439a5953f92d%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643fd8a6457ab20a78fe617c%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed">"Egyptian air force personnel remain in Khartoum: Sudanese army corrects earlier statement"</a>. Aljazeera. 20 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egyptian+air+force+personnel+remain+in+Khartoum%3A+Sudanese+army+corrects+earlier+statement&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F20%2Fsudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-army-says-177-egyptian-air-force-troops-evacuated-egypt-2023-04-20/">"Egyptian army says soldiers stuck in Sudan back home or at embassy"</a>. Reuters. 20 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420191432/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-army-says-177-egyptian-air-force-troops-evacuated-egypt-2023-04-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Egyptian+army+says+soldiers+stuck+in+Sudan+back+home+or+at+embassy&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudanese-army-says-177-egyptian-air-force-troops-evacuated-egypt-2023-04-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEECAR-319"><a href="#cite_ref-MEECAR_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudan-war-66133453?refsec=topics_afp-news">"UAE Denies Sending Weapons To Sudan War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. 13 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815133455/https://www.barrons.com/news/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudan-war-66133453?refsec=topics_afp-news">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=UAE+Denies+Sending+Weapons+To+Sudan+War&rft.date=2023-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fuae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudan-war-66133453%3Frefsec%3Dtopics_afp-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walsh-320">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_320-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_320-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalshKoettlSchmitt2023" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Declan; Koettl, Christoph; Schmitt, Eric (29 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/world/africa/sudan-war-united-arab-emirates-chad.html">"Talking Peace in Sudan, the U.A.E. Secretly Fuels the Fight"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929071026/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/world/africa/sudan-war-united-arab-emirates-chad.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Talking+Peace+in+Sudan%2C+the+U.A.E.+Secretly+Fuels+the+Fight&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft.au=Koettl%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F09%2F29%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-war-united-arab-emirates-chad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atta-321">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atta_321-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atta_321-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-general-accuses-mafia-state-emirates-of-supplying-rsf">"Sudan general accuses 'mafia state' Emirates of supplying RSF"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dabanga" title="Radio Dabanga">Radio Dabanga</a>. 29 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130180925/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-general-accuses-mafia-state-emirates-of-supplying-rsf">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+general+accuses+%27mafia+state%27+Emirates+of+supplying+RSF&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-general-accuses-mafia-state-emirates-of-supplying-rsf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article279915/">"Port Sudan protesters demand expulsion of UAE ambassador"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 1 December 2023. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211122815/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-declares-15-uae-diplomats-persona-non-grata-2023-12-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan+declares+15+UAE+diplomats+persona+non+grata&rft.date=2023-12-10&rft.aulast=Tolba&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Abdelaziz%2C+Khalid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-declares-15-uae-diplomats-persona-non-grata-2023-12-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article280195/">"UAE expels three Sudanese diplomats amid escalating tensions"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 9 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=UAE+expels+three+Sudanese+diplomats+amid+escalating+tensions&rft.date=2023-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle280195%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401100712/https://sudantribune.com/article283888/">"Sudan demands UN condemnation of UAE support for RSF"</a>. 29 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article283888/">the original</a> on 1 April 2024. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420194129/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. 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Retrieved 25 April 2023. <q>Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=United+States+Says+Wagner+Has+Quietly+Picked+Sides+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Wong%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F23%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-russia-wagner-group.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine-352">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_352-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_352-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButenkoElbagirMezzofioreQiblawi2023" class="citation web cs1">Butenko, Victoria; Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara; Goodwin, Allegra; Carey, Andrew; Munsi, Pallabi; Zene, Mahamat Tahir; Arvanitidis, Barbara; Platt, Alex; Baron, Mark; Lauren, Kent (19 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html">"Exclusive: Ukraine's special services 'likely' behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011090624/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Ukraine%27s+special+services+%27likely%27+behind+strikes+on+Wagner-backed+forces+in+Sudan%2C+a+Ukrainian+military+source+says&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.aulast=Butenko&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Elbagir%2C+Nima&rft.au=Mezzofiore%2C+Gianluca&rft.au=Qiblawi%2C+Tamara&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+Allegra&rft.au=Carey%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Munsi%2C+Pallabi&rft.au=Zene%2C+Mahamat+Tahir&rft.au=Arvanitidis%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Platt%2C+Alex&rft.au=Baron%2C+Mark&rft.au=Lauren%2C+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F19%2Fafrica%2Fukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=643fa6bdbb343d77c4990203%26Russia%E2%80%99s%20Wagner%20denies%20involvement%20in%20Sudan%20crisis%262023-04-19T08%3A36%3A47.177Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:27e3b6ca-23f6-44cf-92b8-ce3f166b6528&pinned_post_asset_id=643fa6bdbb343d77c4990203&pinned_post_type=share">"Russia's Wagner denies involvement in Sudan crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Wagner+denies+involvement+in+Sudan+crisis&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-africa-64393826%3Fns_mchannel%3Dsocial%26ns_source%3Dtwitter%26ns_campaign%3Dbbc_live%26ns_linkname%3D643fa6bdbb343d77c4990203%2526Russia%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Wagner%2520denies%2520involvement%2520in%2520Sudan%2520crisis%25262023-04-19T08%253A36%253A47.177Z%26ns_fee%3D0%26pinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3A27e3b6ca-23f6-44cf-92b8-ce3f166b6528%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D643fa6bdbb343d77c4990203%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RSFSudan/status/1649512592971374592">"On behalf of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) we would like to address the recent article published by CNN. In these times of information warfare and fake news, we stand as the steadfast defenders of truth, justice, and the will of the Sudanese people"</a>. Twitter. 21 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421225339/https://twitter.com/RSFSudan/status/1649512592971374592">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=On+behalf+of+the+Rapid+Support+Forces+%28RSF%29+we+would+like+to+address+the+recent+article+published+by+CNN.+In+these+times+of+information+warfare+and+fake+news%2C+we+stand+as+the+steadfast+defenders+of+truth%2C+justice%2C+and+the+will+of+the+Sudanese+people.&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRSFSudan%2Fstatus%2F1649512592971374592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libya-ahram-355"><a href="#cite_ref-libya-ahram_355-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx">"Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram" title="Al-Ahram">Al-Ahram</a>. 22 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425210328/https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Ahram&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+army+chief+says+Haftar+denies+supporting+RSF%3B+no+confirmation+on+Wagner+Group%27s+involvement&rft.date=2023-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNews%2F496267.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mashamoun-356">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mashamoun_356-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mashamoun_356-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/analysis/why-sudans-army-pivoting-towards-iran">"Why Sudan's army is pivoting towards Iran"</a>. The New Arab. 12 February 2024. 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Retrieved 29 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+East+African&rft.atitle=Sudan+military+chief+Yasir+Alatta+dares+Kenya%27s+Ruto+to+intervene+in+Khartoum+conflict&rft.date=2023-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theeastafrican.co.ke%2Ftea%2Frest-of-africa%2Fyasir-alatta-dares-president-ruto-to-intervene-sudan-conflict--4314248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-hackers-target-kenyan-govt-websites">"Sudan hackers target Kenyan govt websites"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 31 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230730193414/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-hackers-target-kenyan-govt-websites">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Sudan+hackers+target+Kenyan+govt+websites&rft.date=2023-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fsudan-hackers-target-kenyan-govt-websites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianHaftar-377">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianHaftar_377-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianHaftar_377-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkeSalih2023" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Jason; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (23 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/23/libyan-warlord-could-plunge-sudan-into-a-drawn-out-nightmare-conflict">"Libyan warlord could plunge Sudan into a drawn-out 'nightmare' conflict"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425001614/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/23/libyan-warlord-could-plunge-sudan-into-a-drawn-out-nightmare-conflict">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Libyan+warlord+could+plunge+Sudan+into+a+drawn-out+%27nightmare%27+conflict&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Salih%2C+Zeinab+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fapr%2F23%2Flibyan-warlord-could-plunge-sudan-into-a-drawn-out-nightmare-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasci2023" class="citation web cs1">Tasci, Ufuk Necat (1 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/analysis/haftar-and-hemedti-two-sides-same-coin">"Haftar and Hemedti: Two sides of the same coin"</a>. The New Arab. Retrieved 6 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Haftar+and+Hemedti%3A+Two+sides+of+the+same+coin&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.aulast=Tasci&rft.aufirst=Ufuk+Necat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fanalysis%2Fhaftar-and-hemedti-two-sides-same-coin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltman2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Altman" title="Howard Altman">Altman, Howard</a> (22 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/exclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room">"Exclusive Interview With Ukraine's Spy Boss From His D.C. Hotel Room"</a>. The War Zone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924010645/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/exclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023. <q>TWZ: (...) Were you guys involved with the attack on a Wagner-backed militia in Sudan? CNN reported that Ukrainians were likely involved in the attack on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) forces with FPV drones. KB: I will only say the following: About two to three months ago I was giving an interview to one of the media, I don't remember which specific one. I answered them back then that anywhere across the world we will be seeking and hunting down Russian military criminals, and sooner or later that time will come whenever they are. That is why we shouldn't be surprised when in any territory, something happens to Russian military criminals. Then speaking about your specific question about Sudan, regretfully I cannot confirm or deny it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+War+Zone&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Interview+With+Ukraine%27s+Spy+Boss+From+His+D.C.+Hotel+Room&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedrive.com%2Fthe-war-zone%2Fexclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenbert2023" class="citation web cs1">Fenbert, Abbey (24 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivindependent.com/budanov-responds-to-cnn-reports-about-ukrainian-drone-strikes-in-sudan/">"Budanov responds to CNN reports about Ukrainian drone strikes in Sudan"</a>. The Kyiv Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013113615/https://kyivindependent.com/budanov-responds-to-cnn-reports-about-ukrainian-drone-strikes-in-sudan/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Independent&rft.atitle=Budanov+responds+to+CNN+reports+about+Ukrainian+drone+strikes+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft.aulast=Fenbert&rft.aufirst=Abbey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivindependent.com%2Fbudanov-responds-to-cnn-reports-about-ukrainian-drone-strikes-in-sudan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/post/23722">"EXCLUSIVE: Videos Show Ukrainian Special Forces 'Cleaning Up' Wagner Fighters in Sudan"</a>. The Kyiv Post. 6 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109000556/https://www.kyivpost.com/post/23722">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Videos+Show+Ukrainian+Special+Forces+%27Cleaning+Up%27+Wagner+Fighters+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fpost%2F23722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27383">"Ukrainian Drones 'Destroy Russian Mercenaries' in Sudan"</a>. The Kyiv Post. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Drones+%27Destroy+Russian+Mercenaries%27+in+Sudan&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fpost%2F27383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27637">"EXCLUSIVE: Ukrainian Special Forces Interrogate Wagner Mercenaries in Sudan"</a>. The Kyiv Post. 5 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205152523/https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27637">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Ukrainian+Special+Forces+Interrogate+Wagner+Mercenaries+in+Sudan&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fpost%2F27637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-384">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_384-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_384-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend2024" class="citation news cs1">Townsend, Mark (24 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/jun/24/uk-allegedly-suppressing-criticism-uae-arming-sudan-rsf-militia-genocide-darfur">"UK 'tried to suppress criticism' of alleged UAE role in arming Sudan's RSF militia"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+%27tried+to+suppress+criticism%27+of+alleged+UAE+role+in+arming+Sudan%27s+RSF+militia&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjun%2F24%2Fuk-allegedly-suppressing-criticism-uae-arming-sudan-rsf-militia-genocide-darfur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/the-penholder-system.php">"The Penholder System : Research Report : Security Council Report"</a>. www.securitycouncilreport.org. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.securitycouncilreport.org&rft.atitle=The+Penholder+System+%3A+Research+Report+%3A+Security+Council+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.securitycouncilreport.org%2Fresearch-reports%2Fthe-penholder-system.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend2024" class="citation news cs1">Townsend, Mark (15 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/apr/15/uk-foreign-office-holding-secret-talks-with-sudans-rsf-paramilitary-group">"UK Foreign Office holding secret talks with Sudan's RSF paramilitary group"</a>. The Observer. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=UK+Foreign+Office+holding+secret+talks+with+Sudan%27s+RSF+paramilitary+group&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft.issn=0029-7712&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2024%2Fapr%2F15%2Fuk-foreign-office-holding-secret-talks-with-sudans-rsf-paramilitary-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foreigners-387"><a href="#cite_ref-Foreigners_387-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/23/foreign-citizens-evacuated-as-factions-battle-in-khartoum">"Foreigners evacuated as factions battle in Sudan's Khartoum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230424060522/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/23/foreign-citizens-evacuated-as-factions-battle-in-khartoum">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Foreigners+evacuated+as+factions+battle+in+Sudan%27s+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F4%2F23%2Fforeign-citizens-evacuated-as-factions-battle-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanslerAtwoodBritzkyLiebermann2023" class="citation news cs1">Hansler, Jennifer; Atwood, Kylie; Britzky, Haley; Liebermann, Oren (23 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/22/politics/us-diplomatic-personnel-sudan/index.html">"US has evacuated American diplomatic personnel from Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230424091831/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/22/politics/us-diplomatic-personnel-sudan/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+has+evacuated+American+diplomatic+personnel+from+Sudan&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft.aulast=Hansler&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Atwood%2C+Kylie&rft.au=Britzky%2C+Haley&rft.au=Liebermann%2C+Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F04%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fus-diplomatic-personnel-sudan%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country?update=2172949">"Which countries have evacuated nationals from Sudan?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 23 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421072151/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Which+countries+have+evacuated+nationals+from+Sudan%3F&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F23%2Fsudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country%3Fupdate%3D2172949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/how-the-crisis-in-sudan-accentuated-the-strategic-importance-of-djibouti/">"How the crisis in Sudan accentuated the strategic importance of Djibouti"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Observer_Research_Foundation" title="Observer Research Foundation">Observer Research Foundation</a>. 25 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130344/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/how-the-crisis-in-sudan-accentuated-the-strategic-importance-of-djibouti/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observer+Research+Foundation&rft.atitle=How+the+crisis+in+Sudan+accentuated+the+strategic+importance+of+Djibouti&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orfonline.org%2Fexpert-speak%2Fhow-the-crisis-in-sudan-accentuated-the-strategic-importance-of-djibouti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/politics/biden-sudan-conflict-future-sanctions/index.html">"Biden authorizes future sanctions tied to the conflict in Sudan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 4 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506030041/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/politics/biden-sudan-conflict-future-sanctions/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biden+authorizes+future+sanctions+tied+to+the+conflict+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F04%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-sudan-conflict-future-sanctions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/1/us-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict">"US imposes first sanctions over Sudan conflict"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=US+imposes+first+sanctions+over+Sudan+conflict&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F1%2Fus-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-us_sanctions_rsf-393">^ <a href="#cite_ref-us_sanctions_rsf_393-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-us_sanctions_rsf_393-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/6/us-imposes-sanctions-on-leaders-in-sudans-rsf-over-extensive-abuses">"US imposes sanctions on leaders in Sudan's RSF over 'extensive' abuses"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=US+imposes+sanctions+on+leaders+in+Sudan%27s+RSF+over+%27extensive%27+abuses&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F6%2Fus-imposes-sanctions-on-leaders-in-sudans-rsf-over-extensive-abuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreys2023" class="citation web cs1">Jeffreys, Jack (29 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/sudan-war-conflict-sanctions-3712c01b80709b60703abc87db4392fa">"US imposes sanctions on former Sudanese minister and 2 companies backing the paramilitary force"</a>. Associated Press. 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Retrieved 16 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+sanctions+RSF+commanders+over+civilian+deaths+in+Darfur&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle285602%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2mf24-398"><a href="#cite_ref-2mf24_398-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee">"War in Sudan has displaced over three million people, says UN"</a>. France 24. 12 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121709/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=War+in+Sudan+has+displaced+over+three+million+people%2C+says+UN&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/canada-sanctions-individuals-and-entities-affiliated-with-sudan-warring-parties">"Canada sanctions individuals and entities affiliated with Sudan warring parties"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 16 April 2024. 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Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+New+Wave+of+Violence+Hits+Sudan%27s+Capital%2C+Civilians+Feel+the+Strain&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft.aulast=Dahir&rft.aufirst=Abdi+Latif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F17%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsudan-fighting-khartoum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691">"Sudan crisis: Civilians facing 'catastrophe' as 100,000 flee fighting – UN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502114619/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023. 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Retrieved 23 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=80%25+of+health+facilities+in+Sudan+shut+due+to+conflict%3A+WHO&rft.date=2023-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle279625%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin">"More than 60% of hospitals out of service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 22 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=More+than+60%25+of+hospitals+out+of+service&rft.date=2023-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F4%2F22%2Fsudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3000jpost-405"><a href="#cite_ref-3000jpost_405-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662">"More than 3,000 people killed, 6,000 injured in Sudan conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 17 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620061616/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+3%2C000+people+killed%2C+6%2C000+injured+in+Sudan+conflict&rft.date=2023-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-746662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan">"Sudan fighting sparks communications blackout in Khartoum, disease outbreaks"</a>. France 24. 14 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121803/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Sudan+fighting+sparks+communications+blackout+in+Khartoum%2C+disease+outbreaks&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTopchi" class="citation web cs1">Topchi, Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trtworld.com/africa/sudans-cholera-and-flood-death-toll-reaches-390-official-data-18205271">"Sudan's cholera and flood death toll reaches 390 — official data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TRT_World" title="TRT World">TRT World</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2024. <q>This brings the total number of cholera cases in the seven affected states to 5,692, including 185 deaths. On August 12, the authorities declared cholera an epidemic in the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TRT+World&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+cholera+and+flood+death+toll+reaches+390+%E2%80%94+official+data&rft.aulast=Topchi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trtworld.com%2Fafrica%2Fsudans-cholera-and-flood-death-toll-reaches-390-official-data-18205271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUras2023" class="citation news cs1">Uras, Umut (25 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425154833/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce">"Supply shortages becoming 'extremely acute' – UN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce?update=2175299">the original</a> on 25 April 2023. 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Retrieved 28 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%9F&rft.date=2023-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.juhainah.net%2Far%2F3289%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">M, Saja (7 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fatabyyano.net/هذه-الصورة-التي-قيل-إنها-تظهر-حميدتي-ف/">"هذه الصورة مفبركة ولا تظهر محمد حمدان دقلو "حميدتي" في المستشفى"</a>. فتبينوا (in Arabic). Retrieved 28 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88+%22%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%8A%22+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.aulast=M&rft.aufirst=Saja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffatabyyano.net%2F%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%81%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-455"><a href="#cite_ref-455">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudans-doctors-falsely-accused-siding-rapid-support-forces-social-media-monitoring-july-2023">"Sudan's Doctors Falsely Accused of Siding with the Rapid Support Forces – Social Media Monitoring, July 2023 – Sudan"</a>. reliefweb.int. 5 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reliefweb.int&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Doctors+Falsely+Accused+of+Siding+with+the+Rapid+Support+Forces+%E2%80%93+Social+Media+Monitoring%2C+July+2023+%E2%80%93+Sudan&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fsudan%2Fsudans-doctors-falsely-accused-siding-rapid-support-forces-social-media-monitoring-july-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-456"><a href="#cite_ref-456">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/battles-continue-around-saf-general-command-in-khartoum">"Battles continue around SAF General Command in Khartoum"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=Battles+continue+around+SAF+General+Command+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fbattles-continue-around-saf-general-command-in-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-457"><a href="#cite_ref-457">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/downed-sudan-jet-video-fake">"'Downed Sudan jet' video fake"</a>. Radio Dabanga. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Dabanga&rft.atitle=%27Downed+Sudan+jet%27+video+fake&rft.date=2023-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabangasudan.org%2Fen%2Fall-news%2Farticle%2Fdowned-sudan-jet-video-fake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudantribune.com-458"><a href="#cite_ref-sudantribune.com_458-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812140025/https://sudantribune.com/article276051/">"Facebook removes RSF pages from its platforms"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 11 August 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article276051/">the original</a> on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Facebook+removes+RSF+pages+from+its+platforms&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle276051%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-459"><a href="#cite_ref-459">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2024" class="citation web cs1">Rosser, Michael (7 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.screendaily.com/news/civil-war-documentary-sudan-remember-us-acquired-for-mena-ahead-of-venice-premiere-exclusive/5196049.article">"Civil war documentary 'Sudan, Remember Us' acquired for MENA ahead of Venice premiere (exclusive)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Daily">Screen Daily</a>. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Daily&rft.atitle=Civil+war+documentary+%27Sudan%2C+Remember+Us%27+acquired+for+MENA+ahead+of+Venice+premiere+%28exclusive%29&rft.date=2024-08-07&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.screendaily.com%2Fnews%2Fcivil-war-documentary-sudan-remember-us-acquired-for-mena-ahead-of-venice-premiere-exclusive%2F5196049.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASudanese+civil+war+%282023%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2023_Sudan_conflict" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2023 Sudan conflict">2023 Sudan conflict</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belligerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">RSF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hamdan_Dagalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo">Hemedti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">SAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">al-Burhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">SPLM-N</a> (al-Hilu faction) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_al-Hilu" title="Abdelaziz al-Hilu">Abdelaziz al-Hilu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Liberation Movement">SLM</a> (Tambour faction) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tambour" title="Mustafa Tambour">Mustafa Tambour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Sudan" title="Popular Resistance of Sudan">Popular Resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Defence_Forces" title="Popular Defence Forces">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bara%27_ibn_Malik_Battalion" title="Al-Bara' ibn Malik Battalion">Al-Bara' ibn Malik Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Without_Borders" title="Angry Without Borders">AWB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_Joint_Protection_Force" title="Darfur Joint Protection Force">Darfur Joint Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamazuj" title="Tamazuj">Tamazuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagadum" title="Tagadum">Tagadum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_engagements_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khartoum_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Battle of Khartoum (2023–present)">Khartoum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RSF_occupation_of_the_Khartoum_International_Airport" title="RSF occupation of the Khartoum International Airport">Khartoum Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_campaign" title="Darfur campaign">Darfur campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geneina" title="Battle of Geneina">Geneina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nyala" title="Battle of Nyala">Nyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_El_Fasher" title="Siege of El Fasher">El Fasher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2736" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2736">UNSC Resolution 2736</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zalingei" title="Siege of Zalingei">Zalingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kutum" title="Battle of Kutum">Kutum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabkabiya" title="Battle of Kabkabiya">Kabkabiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_El_Obeid" title="Siege of El Obeid">El Obeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadugli" title="Battle of Kadugli">Kadugli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merowe_Airport" title="Battle of Merowe Airport">Merowe Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wad_Madani" title="Battle of Wad Madani">Wad Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Babanusa" title="Siege of Babanusa">Babanusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennar_offensive" title="Sennar offensive">Sennar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinder" title="Battle of Dinder">Dinder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilling" title="Battle of Dilling">Dilling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Mayo_shelling" title="May 2023 Mayo shelling">May 2023 Mayo shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masalit_massacres_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Masalit massacres (2023–present)">Masalit massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misterei_massacre" title="Misterei massacre">Misterei massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardamata_massacre" title="Ardamata massacre">Ardamata massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutum_Hospital_airstrike" title="Kutum Hospital airstrike">Kutum Hospital airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_Al-Noora_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wad Al-Noora massacre">Wad Al-Noora massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galgani_massacre" title="Galgani massacre">Galgani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Sudan_airstrikes" title="October 2024 Sudan airstrikes">October 2024 civilian airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_eastern_Gezira_State_massacres" title="2024 eastern Gezira State massacres">2024 eastern Gezira State massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impact_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Humanitarian impact of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sudan_famine" title="2024 Sudan famine">Famine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zamzam_Refugee_Camp" title="Zamzam Refugee Camp">Zamzam camp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_refugee_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese refugee crisis (2023–present)">Refugee crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Eritreans_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Deportation of Eritreans during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Forced deportation of Eritreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_foreign_nationals_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Evacuation of foreign nationals during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Evacuation of foreign nationals</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Sagittaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Sagittaire (page does not exist)">France</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Sagittaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Opération Sagittaire">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kaveri" title="Operation Kaveri">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raus_aus_Khartum" title="Operation Raus aus Khartum">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local humanitarian groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Response_Rooms" title="Emergency Response Rooms">ERRs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Doctors_Union" title="Sudan Doctors Union">SDU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Damaged infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevrelet" title="Chevrelet">Chevrelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambat_Bridge" title="Shambat Bridge">Shambat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sudan#2023_Sudan_conflict" title="Central Bank of Sudan">Sudan Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSF_occupation_of_the_Khartoum_International_Airport" title="RSF occupation of the Khartoum International Airport">Aircraft at Khartoum airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTC_Tower" title="NTC Tower">NTC Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Laboratory_(Sudan)" title="National Public Health Laboratory (Sudan)">Laboratory crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Attempted assassination of Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">Attempted assassination of al-Burhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(2023)" title="Treaty of Jeddah (2023)">Treaty of Jeddah (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Foro_Baranga_clashes" title="2023 Foro Baranga clashes">2023 Foro Baranga clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy_(2019%E2%80%932021)" title="Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)">Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2023_Sudan_conflict" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2023 Sudan conflict">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups_d&#039;état_in_Sudan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sudan&#124;link=Sudan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sudanese_coups" title="Template:Sudanese coups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sudanese_coups" title="Template talk:Sudanese coups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese_coups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese coups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups_d&#039;état_in_Sudan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sudan&#124;link=Sudan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Sudan" title="Coups d'état in Sudan">Coups d'état in Sudan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1957_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1957 Sudanese coup attempt">1957 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1958 Sudanese coup d'état">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1959 Sudanese coup attempt">1959 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1975 Sudanese coup attempt">1975 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1976 Sudanese coup attempt">1976 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sudan_Juba_coup_attempt" title="1977 Sudan Juba coup attempt">1977 Juba attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Sudanese coup d'état">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Sudanese coup d'état">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1990 Sudanese coup attempt">1990 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1992 Sudanese coup attempt">1992 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2004 Sudanese coup attempt">2004 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Omdurman_attack" title="2008 Omdurman attack">2008 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2012 Sudanese coup attempt">2012 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">2019</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup attempt">September attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">October–November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2023 attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_since_1991" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template:Coup d'état"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template talk:Coup d'état"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coup d'état"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_since_1991" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coups</a>, and attempted coups since 1991</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts" title="List of coups and coup attempts">List of coups and coup attempts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts_by_country" title="List of coups and coup attempts by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts_since_2010" title="List of coups and coup attempts since 2010">since 2010</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Malian coup d'état">Mali (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Soviet Union (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">Georgia (1991–1992)</a>c</li> <li>Venezuela (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="November 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_self-coup" title="1992 Peruvian self-coup">April</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_coup_attempt" title="1992 Peruvian coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">Sierra Leone (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Algerian coup d'état">Algeria (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1992 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Guatemalan_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis">Guatemala (1993)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état">Azerbaijan (1993)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russia (1993)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1993 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1993 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_the_Volunteers" title="Coup of the Volunteers">Lithuania (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1993)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Gambian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Gambian coup d'état">Gambia (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1994)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1994 Liberian coup attempt">Liberia (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" title="1994 Cambodian coup d'état attempt">Cambodia (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Azerbaijani_coup_attempt" title="1995 Azerbaijani coup attempt">Azerbaijan (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Qatari_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1995 Qatari coup d'état">Qatar (1995)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Guinean_coup_attempt" title="1996 Guinean coup attempt">Guinea (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="1996 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Iraqi_coup_attempt" title="1996 Iraqi coup attempt">Iraq (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Qatari_coup_attempt" title="1996 Qatari coup attempt">Qatar (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bangladeshi_coup_attempt" title="1996 Bangladeshi coup attempt">Bangladesh (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1997 Cambodian coup d'état">Cambodia (1997)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1997 Turkish military memorandum">Turkey (1997)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1997 Zambian coup attempt">Zambia (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Pakistan (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Ivorian coup d'état">Côte d'Ivoire (1999)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état">Ecuador (2000)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="2000 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">Fiji (2000)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Solomon_Islands_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Solomon Islands coup d'état">Solomon Islands (2000)</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2001 Central African Republic coup attempt">Central African Republic (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="2002 Venezuelan coup attempt">Venezuela (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2002 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2003 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Central African Republic coup d'état">Central African Republic (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="2003 Mauritanian coup attempt">Mauritania (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Philippines (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">Guinea-Bissau (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2004 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2004 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (2004)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_attempt" title="2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt">Equatorial Guinea (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">DR Congo (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andahuaylas_uprising" title="Andahuaylas uprising">Peru (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nepal_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Nepal coup d'état">Nepal (2005)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Togolese coup d'état">Togo (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2006 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (2006)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Malagasy_coup_attempt" title="2006 Malagasy coup attempt">Madagascar (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">Fiji (2006)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Peninsula_siege" title="Manila Peninsula siege">Philippines (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Omdurman_attack" title="2008 Omdurman attack">Sudan (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis" title="2009 Malagasy political crisis">Madagascar (2009)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (2009)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2010 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2010)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Madagascar_coup_attempt" title="2010 Madagascar coup attempt">Madagascar (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2011 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladeshi_coup_attempt" title="2011 Bangladeshi coup attempt">Bangladesh (2011)</a></li> <li>Mali (2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">March</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">April</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">Guinea-Bissau (2012)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2012 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Eritrean_Army_mutiny" title="2013 Eritrean Army mutiny">Eritrea (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2013)" title="Battle of Bangui (2013)">Central African Republic (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2013 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">Egypt (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="2013 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_coup_attempts" title="2014 Libyan coup attempts">Libya (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (2014)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2014 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Yemen (2014–15)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">Turkey (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" title="Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)">Libya (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">Zimbabwe (2017)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)" title="Battle of Aden (2018)">Yemen (2018)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">Gabon (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (2019)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">Ethiopia (2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2020)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2021)" title="Battle of Bangui (2021)">Central African Republic (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2021 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_self-coup" title="2021 Tunisian self-coup">Tunisia (2021)</a>‡c</li> <li>Sudan (2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup attempt">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">October</a>c</li></ul></li> <li>Burkina Faso (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">January</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">September</a>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peruvian_self-coup_attempt" title="2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt">Peru (2022)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2022 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (2022)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sudan (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">Gabon (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_attempt" title="2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt">Sierra Leone (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_State_coup_attempt" title="Oyo State coup attempt">Nigeria (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">DR Congo (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bolivian_coup_attempt" title="2024 Bolivian coup attempt">Bolivia (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>‡ <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">Self-coup</a> or its attempt</li> <li>[no symbol] <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coup</a> attempt</li> <li>c Successful <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coup</a> See also: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Plots_and_conspiracies" title="Template:Plots and conspiracies">Plots and conspiracies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sudanese_revolution" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sudanese_Revolution" title="Template:Sudanese Revolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sudanese_Revolution" title="Template talk:Sudanese Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sudanese_revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">Sudanese revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_for_National_Salvation" title="Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation">RCCNS-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">War in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)" title="Transitional Military Council (2019)">Transitional Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Rapid Support Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li>Opposition (until August/September 2019) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change" title="Forces of Freedom and Change">Forces of Freedom and Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Women%27s_Union" title="Sudanese Women's Union">Sudanese Women's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_Oppression_against_Women_Initiative" title="No to Oppression against Women Initiative">No to Oppression against Women Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANSAM" title="MANSAM">MANSAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Professionals_Association" title="Sudanese Professionals Association">Sudanese Professionals Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_resistance_committees" title="Sudanese resistance committees">Sudanese resistance committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Without_Borders" title="Angry Without Borders">Angry Without Borders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_Bar_Association" title="Darfur Bar Association">Darfur Bar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Consensus_Forces" title="National Consensus Forces">National Consensus Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Revolutionary_Front" title="Sudan Revolutionary Front">Sudan Revolutionary Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese Revolution">19 December 2018 to September 2019 civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandake_of_the_Sudanese_Revolution" title="Kandake of the Sudanese Revolution">8 April Alaa Salah photo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">11 April 2019 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_massacre" title="Khartoum massacre">3 June 2019 Khartoum massacre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueforSudan" title="BlueforSudan">#BlueforSudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_transition_to_democracy#TMC–FFC_Political_Agreement_and_Constitutional_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Sudanese transition to democracy">July, August 2019 Political Agreement and Draft Constitutional Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Sudanese_protests" title="2019–2022 Sudanese protests">2019–2022 Sudanese protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Alnfor" title="Siti Alnfor">Killing of Sitna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup attempt">September 2021 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">October 2021 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2023 Civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Sudanese_general_election" title="Next Sudanese general election">Next Sudanese general election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese transition to democracy">Institutional transition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_Council_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereignty Council of Sudan">Sovereignty Council of Sudan</a> <ul><li>military: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan" title="Abdel Fattah al-Burhan">al-Burhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemedti" title="Hemedti">Hemedti</a></li> <li>(3 others)</li></ul></li> <li>civilian: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisha_Musa_el-Said" title="Aisha Musa el-Said">Aish Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Nicola" title="Raja Nicola">Raja Nicola</a></li> <li>(4 others)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Sudan" title="Chief Justice of Sudan">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Nemat_Abdullah_Khair" title="Nemat Abdullah Khair">Nemat Abdullah Khair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sudan#2019–2022_Transitional_Cabinet" title="Cabinet of Sudan">Transitional Cabinet</a> <ul><li>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdalla_Hamdok" title="Abdalla Hamdok">Abdalla Hamdok</a></li> <li>Ministers: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asma_Mohamed_Abdalla" title="Asma Mohamed Abdalla">Asma Abdalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wala%27a_Essam_al-Boushi" title="Wala'a Essam al-Boushi">al-Boushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intisar_el-Zein_Soughayroun" title="Intisar el-Zein Soughayroun">Soughayroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_el-Sheikh_Mahjoub" title="Lena el-Sheikh Mahjoub">Lena el-Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Saleh" title="Faisal Saleh">Faisal Saleh</a></li> <li>(13 others)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_massacre_investigation" title="Khartoum massacre investigation">Khartoum massacre investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabil_Adib" title="Nabil Adib">Nabil Adib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Legislative_Council_(Sudan)" title="Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)">Transitional Legislative Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_peace_process" title="Sudanese peace process">Sudanese peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_war_crimes_court" title="Darfur war crimes court">Darfur war crimes court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Major publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soudan_2019,_ann%C3%A9e_z%C3%A9ro" title="Soudan 2019, année zéro">Soudan 2019, année zéro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sudanese_revolution" title="Category:Sudanese revolution">Sudanese Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sudan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sudan_topics" title="Template:Sudan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sudan_topics" title="Template talk:Sudan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sudan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sudan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sudan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan" title="History of Sudan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sudanese_history" title="Timeline of Sudanese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_pre-independence_Sudan" title="List of governors of pre-independence Sudan">Pre-independence governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan#Prehistory" title="History of Sudan">Pre and early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan#Medieval_history" title="History of Sudan">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_the_Sudan_region" title="Islamization of the Sudan region">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Sudan">Turkish occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_State" title="Mahdist State">Mahdiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="History of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)" title="Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)">Independent Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1958 Sudanese coup d'état">1958 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Sudan" title="Democratic Republic of Sudan">Nimeiry Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">Communist coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconciliation_(Sudan)" title="National Reconciliation (Sudan)">National Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Sudanese coup d'état">1985 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Military_Council_(1985)" title="Transitional Military Council (1985)">First Transitional Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1985%E2%80%932019)" title="Republic of Sudan (1985–2019)">Coalitions/Bashir Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Sudanese coup d'état">1989 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_for_National_Salvation" title="Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation">RCCNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Sudan" title="United Nations Mission in Sudan">United Nations Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">2019 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)" title="Transitional Military Council (2019)">Second Transitional Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy_(2019%E2%80%932021)" title="Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)">2019–2021 transition to democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_peace_process" title="Sudanese peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">October 2021 coup</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2023 Civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sudan" title="Geography of Sudan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Sudan" title="Geology of Sudan">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakes_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakes of Sudan (page does not exist)">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountains_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountains of Sudan (page does not exist)">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Sudan" title="List of rivers of Sudan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanoes_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes of Sudan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Sudan" title="Wildlife of Sudan">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Sudan_and_South_Sudan" title="List of fauna of Sudan and South Sudan">Fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Sudan" title="List of mammals of Sudan">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Sudan" title="List of birds of Sudan">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Sudan" title="Horses in Sudan">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_Sudan_and_South_Sudan" title="List of butterflies of Sudan and South Sudan">Butterflies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moths_of_Sudan_and_South_Sudan" title="List of moths of Sudan and South Sudan">Moths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Sudan_and_South_Sudan" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Sudan and South Sudan">Non-marine molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_Sudan" title="List of reptiles of Sudan">Reptiles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Natural_disasters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_disasters_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural disasters in Sudan (page does not exist)">Natural disasters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Sudan" title="Climate change in Sudan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sudan_floods" title="List of Sudan floods">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="States" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Sudan" title="States of Sudan">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gezira_State" title="Gezira State">Gezira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qadarif_State" title="Al Qadarif State">Al Qadarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_State" title="Blue Nile State">Blue Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Darfur" title="Central Darfur">Central Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Darfur" title="East Darfur">East Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassala_State" title="Kassala State">Kassala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_State" title="Khartoum State">Khartoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Darfur" title="North Darfur">North Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kordofan" title="North Kordofan">North Kordofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_State_(Sudan)" title="Northern State (Sudan)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_State" title="Red Sea State">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nile_State" title="River Nile State">River Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennar_State" title="Sennar State">Sennar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Darfur" title="South Darfur">South Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Darfur" title="West Darfur">West Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kordofan" title="West Kordofan">West Kordofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nile_State" title="White Nile State">White Nile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Sudan" title="Districts of Sudan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sudan" title="List of cities in Sudan">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sudan" title="Politics of Sudan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambassadors_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambassadors of Sudan (page does not exist)">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sudan" title="Cabinet of Sudan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sudan" title="Constitution of Sudan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Transitional_Constitution_of_Sudan" title="1956 Transitional Constitution of Sudan">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Constitution_of_Sudan" title="1973 Constitution of Sudan">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Transitional_Constitution_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Transitional Constitution of Sudan (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Constitution_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Constitution of Sudan (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_Constitution_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 Constitution of Sudan (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Draft_Constitutional_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Sudan" title="Coups d'état in Sudan">Coups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Sudan" title="Corruption in Sudan">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sudan" title="Elections in Sudan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan" title="Foreign relations of Sudan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sudan" title="Human rights in Sudan">Human rights</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Sudan">LGBT rights</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_Sudan" title="Islamism in Sudan">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_Laws_(Sudan)" title="September Laws (Sudan)">September Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Act_1991_(Sudan)" title="Criminal Act 1991 (Sudan)">Criminal Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_administration" title="Native administration">Native administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of government of Sudan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of Sudan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Sudan" title="Vice President of Sudan">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_state_governors_in_Sudan" title="List of current state governors in Sudan">State Governors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sudan" title="Economy of Sudan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sudan" title="Agriculture in Sudan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Sudan" title="Banking in Sudan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sudan" title="Central Bank of Sudan">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Sudan" title="List of companies of Sudan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_dinar" title="Sudanese dinar">Dinar (former currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sudan" title="Energy in Sudan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_pound" title="Sudanese pound">Pound (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxation_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxation in Sudan (page does not exist)">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sudan" title="Transport in Sudan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_society" title="Sudanese society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Sudan" title="Marriage in Sudan">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Sudan" title="Polygamy in Sudan">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Sudan" title="Child marriage in Sudan">Child marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sudan" title="Demographics of Sudan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sudan" title="Education in Sudan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_of_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic groups of Sudan (page does not exist)">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_minorities_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic minorities of Sudan">minorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Sudan" title="Health in Sudan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sudan" title="Languages of Sudan">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Sudan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Sudan" title="Refugees of Sudan">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Sudan" title="Slavery in Sudan">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Sudan" title="Squatting in Sudan">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilets_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toilets in Sudan (page does not exist)">Toilets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_toilets_in_Sudan" title="Public toilets in Sudan">Public toilets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sudan" title="Women in Sudan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Sudan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nahnu_Jund_Allah_Jund_Al-watan" title="Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sudan" title="Architecture of Sudan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_Sudan" title="Visual arts of Sudan">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_Sudan" title="Clothing in Sudan">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Sudan" title="Emblem of Sudan">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sudan" title="Flag of Sudan">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sudanese_flags" title="List of Sudanese flags">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_literature" title="Sudanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sudan" title="Media of Sudan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan" title="Music of Sudan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Sudan" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Sudan">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sudan" title="Outline of Sudan">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sudan" title="Category:Sudan">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)&oldid=1259081478">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)&oldid=1259081478</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war (2023–present)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_conflicts" title="Category:2020s conflicts">2020s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_Sudan" title="Category:2020s in Sudan">2020s in Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_in_Sudan" title="Category:Civil wars in Sudan">Civil wars in Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coup-based_civil_wars" title="Category:Coup-based civil wars">Coup-based civil wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sudanese_revolution" title="Category:Sudanese revolution">Sudanese revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Attempted_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Sudan" title="Category:Attempted coups d'état in Sudan">Attempted coups d'état in Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Ukraine" title="Category:Wars involving Ukraine">Wars involving Ukraine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 uses Arabic-language 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