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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Khartoem" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Khartoem" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Khartoem" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Khartoem" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>19de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>20ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khartoem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 154 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B1%E1%88%9D" title="ካርቱም – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርቱም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="الخرطوم – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخرطوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="الخرطوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الخرطوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4artum" title="Ḥartum – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ḥartum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartum" title="Xartum – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xartum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartums" title="Chartums – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Chartums" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE" title="খার্তুম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খার্তুম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁར་ཏུམ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁར་ཏུམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27hartoum" title="C'hartoum – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'hartoum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartum" title="Kartum – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kartum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Khartoum (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khartoum (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85" title="خەرتووم – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەرتووم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart%C3%BAm" title="Chartúm – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chartúm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaartu%C9%94%CC%88m" title="Kaartuɔ̈m – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kaartuɔ̈m" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartum" title="Xartum – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xartum" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC" title="Χαρτούμ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρτούμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4artumo" title="Ĥartumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥartumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jartum" title="Jartum – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jartum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hartum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خارطوم – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خارطوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartuum_(Steed)" title="Chartuum (Steed) – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chartuum (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart%C3%BBm" title="Kartûm – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kartûm" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart%C3%BAm" title="Cartúm – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cartúm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khart%C3%BAn" title="Khartún – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Khartún" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ח'רטום – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח'רטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE" title="खार्तूम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खार्तूम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoum" title="Kartoum – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kartoum" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart%C3%BAm" title="Kartúm – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kartúm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Խարթում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խարթում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Խարթում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խարթում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartum" title="Cartum – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cartum" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart%C3%BAm" title="Kartúm – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kartúm" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="ハルツーム – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハルツーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ხარტუმი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხარტუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xer%E1%B9%ADum" title="Xerṭum – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Xerṭum" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaartum" title="Kaartum – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kaartum" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="ខាទូម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខាទូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%82" title="ಖಾರ್ಟೂಂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಾರ್ಟೂಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%BC" title="하르툼 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하르툼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xart%C3%BBm" title="Xartûm – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xartûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartumas" title="Chartumas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chartumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart%C5%ABma" title="Hartūma – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hartūma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Картум – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Картум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%82" title="ഖാർത്തൂം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖാർത്തൂം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE" title="खार्टूम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खार्टूम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ခါတွမ်းမြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခါတွမ်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoem" title="Khartoem – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Khartoem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidiil%C3%ADinii_(%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Daalzhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Ahidiilíinii (Ásáí Dineʼé Daalzhiní Bikéyah) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ahidiilíinii (Ásáí Dineʼé Daalzhiní Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartom" title="Khartom – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khartom" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hartum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaartum" title="Kaartum – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaartum" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE" title="ਖ਼ਰਤੂਮ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਰਤੂਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartum" title="Kartum – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kartum" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartum" title="Chartum – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chartum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartum" title="Cartum – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cartum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartum" title="Kartum – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kartum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart%C3%BAm_(mesto)" title="Chartúm (mesto) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chartúm (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartum" title="Kartum – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kartum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Khartum" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartuum" title="Khartuum – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khartuum" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hartum" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Картум – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Картум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart%C5%AFm" title="Chartům – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chartům" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke-s-mu" title="Ke-s-mu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ke-s-mu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கர்த்தூம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கர்த்தூம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1" title="คาร์ทูม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ทูม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartum" title="Xartum – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Xartum" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hartum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%85" title="خارتۇم – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خارتۇم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хартум – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хартум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوم – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خرطوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartum" title="Xartum – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xartum" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hartum" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qartum" title="Qartum – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Qartum" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartum" title="Xartum – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xartum" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%A9%86" title="喀土穆 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="喀土穆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ხარტუმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხარტუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%A9%86" title="喀土穆 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喀土穆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%A9%86" title="喀土穆 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喀土穆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Khartoum" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khartoem" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Khartoem" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #FFFFFF; background: #003399; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><span style="font-size:16pt"><b>Khartoem</b></span><br />الخرطوم<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg/280px-Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg/420px-Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg/560px-Sudan_Khartoum_View_with_Traffic_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Wapen</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Karte_Sudans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Karte_Sudans.png/180px-Karte_Sudans.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Karte_Sudans.png/270px-Karte_Sudans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Karte_Sudans.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg/75px-Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg/113px-Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg/150px-Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_None.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/90px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/135px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/180px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Land</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Soedan"><img alt="Vlag van Soedan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Provinsie</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Chartum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Chartum (bladsy bestaan nie)">al-Chartum</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khartoem&language=af&params=15_35_N_32_31_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">15°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°31′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">15.583°N 32.517°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.583; 32.517</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Stigting</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Oppervlakte:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">382 m </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal (2008) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">639 598 </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">/vk km </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Metropolitaanse gebied </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Burgemeester</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Abdul Halim al Mutafi </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map_Sudan_Khartoum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Map_Sudan_Khartoum.png/220px-Map_Sudan_Khartoum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Map_Sudan_Khartoum.png 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Khartoem, Omdoerman en Bahri</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg/220px-Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg/330px-Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg/440px-Sudan_Khartoum_from_air_with_Nile_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4277" data-file-height="3383" /></a><figcaption>Khartoem lê langs die Nyl, 1936</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Khartoem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a>: الخرطوم) is die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a>, en die tweede grootste stad naas <a href="/wiki/Omdoerman" title="Omdoerman">Omdoerman</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a>. In 2008 het die stad 'n bevolking van 639 598 gehad, en die metropolitaanse gebied 5 274 321. </p><p>Khartoem grens aan die <a href="/wiki/Nylrivier" title="Nylrivier">Nylrivier</a> op die plek waar die <a href="/wiki/Wit_Nyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Wit Nyl">Wit</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Blou_Nyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Blou Nyl">Blou Nyl</a> ineenvloei. Vanuit die lug kan die twee <a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">kleure</a> van die riviere (<a href="/wiki/Blou" title="Blou">blou</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">wit</a>) duidelik onderskei word. </p><p>Dis 'n streng Arabiese land en geen alkohol word toegelaat of verkoop nie. Selfs nie eers in restaurante nie. Besoekers moet toestemming verkry alvorens enige foto's geneem mag word. Openbare vervoer wissel van busvervoer tot huurmotors en die "tuk-tuks" wat driewielmotorfietse is met drie klein sitplekkies agter die bestuurder. Die tuk-tuks is baie gewild en kan oral opgemerk word. </p><p>By openbare swembaddens soos hotelle mag die mans en die vroue nie saam swem nie en daar word swembeurte van een uur elk toegepas. <a href="/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem">Moslemvroue</a> mag glad nie in openbare swembaddens swem nie en vir hulle is daar spesiale binnenshuise swembaddens. Die meerderheid van Moslemvroue in Kartoem dra nie meer die tradisionele swart klere met die gesigbedekkings nie, en oral kan vroue in Westerse drag gesien word. </p><p>Sandstorms kom gereeld voor in Khartoem en kan so erg wees dat dit stikdonker word in die middel van die dag. Dan word alle besighede gesluit en selfs die <a href="/wiki/Lughawe" title="Lughawe">lughawens</a> word gesluit. </p><p>Khartoem is besig om in 'n baie moderne stad te ontwikkel met moderne en interessante boustyle vir die nuwe geboue wat opgerig word. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19de_eeu">19de eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: 19de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: 19de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Die_Gartenlaube_(1888)_b_617.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg/220px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg/330px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg/440px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281888%29_b_617.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="2170" /></a><figcaption>Khartoum in 1888.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1821 is Khartoem 24 kilometer noord van die antieke stad Soba gestig deur Ismail Kamil Pasha, die derde seun van Egipte se heerser, Muhammad Ali Pasha, wat pas Soedan in sy koninkryk opgeneem het. Oorspronklik het Khartoem gedien as 'n buitepos vir die Egiptiese leër, maar die nedersetting het vinnig gegroei tot 'n plaaslike handelsentrum. Dit het ook 'n fokuspunt vir die slawehandel geword.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later het dit die administratiewe sentrum en amptelike hoofstad van Soedan geword. </p><p>Op 13 Maart 1884 het troepe lojaal aan die Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad 'n beleg van Khartoem begin, teen verdedigers onder leiding van die Britse generaal Charles George Gordon. Die beleg het geëindig in 'n bloedbad van die Anglo-Egiptiese garnisoen toe die erg beskadigde stad op 26 Januarie 1885 aan die Mahdiste geval het.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 2 September 1898 was Omdurman die toneel van die bloedige Slag van Omdurman, waartydens Britse magte onder <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a> die Mahdistiese magte verslaan het wat die stad verdedig het.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20ste_eeu">20ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: 20ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: 20ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die beraad van die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Liga" title="Arabiese Liga">Arabiese Liga</a> van 29 Augustus 1967 is in Khartoem gehou as die vierde beraad van die Arabiese Liga. </p><p>In 1973 was die stad die plek van 'n gyselaarskrisis waarin lede van Swart September 10 gyselaars by die Saoedi-Arabiese ambassade gehou het, waarvan vyf diplomate. Die Amerikaanse ambassadeur, die Amerikaanse adjunkambassadeur en die Belgiese <i>chargé d'affaires</i> is vermoor. Die oorblywende gyselaars is vrygelaat. 'n Dokument van die Amerikaanse departement van buitelandse sake van 1973, wat in 2006 gedeklassifiseer is, het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom: "Die Khartoem-operasie is beplan en uitgevoer met die volle kennis en persoonlike goedkeuring van <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977 is die eerste oliepypleiding tussen Khartoem en Port Sudan voltooi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Organisasie_vir_Afrika-eenheid" title="Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid">Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid</a> se beraad van 18–22 Julie 1978 is in Khartoem gehou, waartydens Soedan die OAE-presidentskap ontvang het.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg/220px-Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg/330px-Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg/440px-Sudan_Khartoum_Palace_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4321" data-file-height="3411" /></a><figcaption>Regeringshuis (1936); nou die presidensiële paleis.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gedurende die 1970's en 1980's was Khartoem die bestemming van honderdduisende vlugtelinge wat uit konflikte in buurlande soos <a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> gevlug het. Baie Eritrese en Ethiopiese vlugtelinge het in die samelewing geassimileer, terwyl ander hulle in groot krotbuurte aan die buitewyke van die stad gevestig het. Sedert die middel-1980's het 'n groot aantal vlugtelinge uit <a href="/wiki/Suid-Soedan" title="Suid-Soedan">Suid-Soedan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Darfoer" title="Darfoer">Darfoer</a>, wat gevlug het vir die geweld van die Tweede Soedannese burgeroorlog en Darfoer-konflik, rondom Khartoem gevestig. </p><p>In 1991 koop <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> 'n huis in die gegoede al-Riyadh-woonbuurt van die stad en 'n ander in Soba. Hy het daar gewoon tot 1996, toe hy uit die land verban is. Na die bomaanvalle op die Amerikaanse ambassade in 1998, beskuldig die Verenigde State bin Laden se al-Qaeda-groep en het op 20 Augustus kruisermissielaanvalle op die al-Shifa-farmaseutiese fabriek in Khartoem-Noord geloods. Die vernietiging van die fabriek het diplomatieke spanning tussen die VSA en Soedan veroorsaak. Die fabrieksruïnes is nou 'n toeriste-aantreklikheid.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1991 het die regering van president Omar al-Bashir probeer om die helfte van die bevolking uit die stad te verwyder. Die inwoners, wat as plakkers beskou word, was meestal suidelike Soedannese wat die regering gevrees het potensiële rebelle -simpatiseerders kan wees. Ongeveer 425 000 mense is in vyf "Vredeskampe" in die woestyn geplaas, 'n uur se ry van Khartoem af. Die kampe is deur swaar gewapende veiligheidswagte dopgehou, baie hulpagentskappe is verbied om te help, en "die naaste kos was by 'n mark vier myl daarvandaan, 'n groot reis in die woestynhitte." Baie inwoners is verminder tot slegs jutesakke as behuising. Die opsetlike verplasing was deel van 'n groot stedelike vernuwingsplan wat deur die minister van behuising, Sharaf Bannaga, ondersteun is.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21ste_eeu">21ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: 21ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: 21ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Whiteandblueniles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whiteandblueniles.jpg/220px-Whiteandblueniles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whiteandblueniles.jpg/330px-Whiteandblueniles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whiteandblueniles.jpg/440px-Whiteandblueniles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Khartoem met Wit en Blou Nyl</figcaption></figure> <p>Die skielike dood van SPLA-hoof en vise-president van Soedan, <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a>, aan die einde van Julie 2005, is gevolg deur drie dae van gewelddadige onluste in die hoofstad. Orde is uiteindelik herstel nadat Suid-Soedannese politici en stamleiers sterk boodskappe aan die oproeriges gestuur het. Die situasie kon baie erger gewees het; tog was die dodetal minstens 24, aangesien jeugdiges uit die suide van Soedan Noord-Soedannese aangeval en met veiligheidsmagte gebots het. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Afrika-unie se beraad van 16–24 Januarie 2006 is in Khartoem gehou;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> net soos die beraad van die Arabiese Liga van 28–29 Maart 2006, waartydens hulle Soedan die Arabiese Liga-presidentskap toegeken het.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 10 Mei 2008 het die Darfoer-rebellegroep, Justice and Equality Movement, die stad ingetrek, waar hulle swaar gevegte met Soedannese regeringsmagte gevoer het. Hulle soldate het minderjariges ingesluit, en hul doel was om die regering van Omar al-Basjir omver te werp, hoewel die Soedanese regering daarin geslaag het om die aanval terug te slaan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 23 Oktober 2012 het 'n ontploffing by die Yarmouk-ammunisiefabriek twee mense gedood en 'n ander persoon beseer. Die Soedanese regering het beweer dat die ontploffing die gevolg was van 'n Israeliese lugaanval.<sup id="cite_ref-aj25_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aj25-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 3 Junie 2019 was Khartoem die plek van die Khartoem-slagting, waar meer as 100 opstandelinge vermoor is (die regering het gesê 61 is dood), nog honderde beseer en 70 vroue verkrag deur Rapid Support Forces (RSF) om die vreedsame betogings wat 'n beroep op burgerlike regering vra, met geweld te versprei.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 1 Julie 2020 het aktiviste geëis dat al-Zibar Basha-straat in Khartoem herdoop word. Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur was 'n slawehandelaar en die al-Zibar Basha-straat lei na die militêre basis waar die Khartoem-slagting in 2019 plaasgevind het.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 26 Oktober 2021 is die stad gesluit na 'n militêre staatsgreep wat minstens 7 dood gelaat het, wat betogings veroorsaak het en 'n algemene staking gevra het. Eerste minister Abdalla Hamdok is tydens die staatsgreep in hegtenis geneem en saam met ander kabinetslede op 'n onbekende plek aangehou.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:hidden; overflow-x:scroll;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Khartoum_panorama-1_-_by_ScubaBeer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama van Khartoum"><img alt="Panorama van Khartoum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Khartoum_panorama-1_-_by_ScubaBeer.jpg/1200px-Khartoum_panorama-1_-_by_ScubaBeer.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Khartoum_panorama-1_-_by_ScubaBeer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="284" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Panorama van Khartoum</div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khartoem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, <i>Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture</i>, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, bl. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHammond2005" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Peter (2005). <i>Slavery, Terrorism & Islam</i>. Cape Town, South Africa: Christian Liberty Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery%2C+Terrorism+%26+Islam&rft.place=Cape+Town%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Christian+Liberty+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, britannica.com, USA, besoek op 30 Junie 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/67584.pdf">"The Seizure of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Januarie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=The+Seizure+of+the+Saudi+Arabian+Embassy+in+Khartoum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F67584.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vQiPecYNgPYC&q=In+1977%2C+the+first+oil+pipeline+between+Khartoum+and+the+Port+of+Sudan+was+completed.&pg=PA174"><i>Minerals Yearbook</i></a> (in Engels). Bureau of Mines. 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minerals+Yearbook&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Mines&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvQiPecYNgPYC%26q%3DIn%2B1977%252C%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2Boil%2Bpipeline%2Bbetween%2BKhartoum%2Band%2Bthe%2BPort%2Bof%2BSudan%2Bwas%2Bcompleted.%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1994" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Gordon (1994). <i>The Organization of African Unity</i>. London, United Kingdom: Transaction Publishers. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781412830270" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781412830270"><bdi>9781412830270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organization+of+African+Unity&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781412830270&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCybriwsky2013" class="citation book cs1">Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (2013). <i>Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781610692489" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781610692489"><bdi>9781610692489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+Cities+around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Geography%2C+History%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781610692489&rft.aulast=Cybriwsky&rft.aufirst=Roman+Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson,_Scott2000" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Scott (2000). <i>Me against my brother : at war in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a journalist reports from the battlefields of Africa</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0415921988" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0415921988"><bdi>0415921988</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43287853">43287853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Me+against+my+brother+%3A+at+war+in+Somalia%2C+Sudan%2C+and+Rwanda+%3A+a+journalist+reports+from+the+battlefields+of+Africa&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43287853&rft.isbn=0415921988&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0331/31041.html">"Khartoum Squatters Forcibly Displaced"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>. 31 Maart 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Maart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Khartoum+Squatters+Forcibly+Displaced&rft.date=1992-03-31&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1992%2F0331%2F31041.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1992" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miller, Judith (9 Maart 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/09/world/sudan-is-undeterred-in-drive-to-expel-squatters.html">"Sudan Is Undeterred in Drive to Expel Squatters"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (in Engels (VSA)). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Maart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sudan+Is+Undeterred+in+Drive+to+Expel+Squatters&rft.date=1992-03-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F03%2F09%2Fworld%2Fsudan-is-undeterred-in-drive-to-expel-squatters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4734517.stm">"World | Africa | Riots after Sudan VP Garang dies"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 Augustus 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Junie</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=World+%26%23124%3B+Africa+%26%23124%3B+Riots+after+Sudan+VP+Garang+dies&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F4734517.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int/decisions/assembly">"Decisions & Declarations of the Assembly; African Union"</a>. <i>African Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Union&rft.atitle=Decisions+%26+Declarations+of+the+Assembly%3B+African+Union&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fdecisions%2Fassembly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHiro,_Dilip2013" class="citation book cs1">Hiro, Dilip (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ty0uAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT96"><i>A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East</i></a>. Olive Branch Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1566569040" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1566569040"><bdi>978-1566569040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+Dictionary+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Olive+Branch+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1566569040&rft.au=Hiro%2C+Dilip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dty0uAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191104081817/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27076">"Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels"</a>. <i>Sudan Tribune</i>. 10 Mei 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27076">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Desember</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Curfew+in+capital+as+Sudanese+army+clash+near+Khartoum+with+Darfur+rebels&rft.date=2008-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2Fspip.php%3Farticle27076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394033.stm">"Sudanese rebels 'reach Khartoum'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 Mei 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudanese+rebels+%27reach+Khartoum%27&rft.date=2008-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7394033.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416090457/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27077">"PHOTOS: Sudan capital after today's attack from Darfur JEM"</a>. <i>Sudan Tribune</i>. 10 Mei 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27077">die oorspronklike</a> op 16 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Desember</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=PHOTOS%3A+Sudan+capital+after+today%27s+attack+from+Darfur+JEM&rft.date=2008-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2Fspip.php%3Farticle27077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj25-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-aj25_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/10/20121024142531802810.html">"Khartoum fire blamed on Israeli bombing"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 25 Oktober 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Oktober</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Khartoum+fire+blamed+on+Israeli+bombing&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2012%2F10%2F20121024142531802810.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBurkeSalih2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burke, Jason; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (13 Julie 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/13/sudanese-protesters-demand-justice-after-mass-killings">"Sudanese protesters demand justice following mass killings"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (in Engels (VK)). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sudanese+protesters+demand+justice+following+mass+killings&rft.date=2019-07-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Salih%2C+Zeinab+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjul%2F13%2Fsudanese-protesters-demand-justice-after-mass-killings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBurkeSalih2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burke, Samuel Okiror Jason; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (1 Julie 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul/01/decolonise-and-rename-streets-of-uganda-and-sudan-activists-urge">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Decolonise and rename' streets of Uganda and Sudan, activists urge"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (in Engels (VK)). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Decolonise+and+rename%27+streets+of+Uganda+and+Sudan%2C+activists+urge&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Okiror+Jason&rft.au=Salih%2C+Zeinab+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2020%2Fjul%2F01%2Fdecolonise-and-rename-streets-of-uganda-and-sudan-activists-urge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/sudan-s-capital-locked-down-after-coup-triggers-deadly-unrest-1.4710621">"Sudan's capital locked down after coup triggers deadly unrest"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">26 Oktober</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+capital+locked+down+after+coup+triggers+deadly+unrest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsudan-s-capital-locked-down-after-coup-triggers-deadly-unrest-1.4710621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKhartoem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">onafhanklike lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti_(stad)" title="Djiboeti (stad)">Djiboeti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freetown,_Sierra_Leone" title="Freetown, Sierra Leone">Freetown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joeba" title="Joeba">Joeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khartoem</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a><sup>a</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Mogadisjoe" title="Mogadisjoe">Mogadisjoe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moroni" title="Moroni">Moroni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> • <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Praia,_Kaap_Verde" title="Praia, Kaap Verde">Praia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><sup>b</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Seychelle)" title="Victoria (Seychelle)">Victoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a><sup>c</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Sint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Sint Helena">Jamestown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_(stad)" title="Cabinda (stad)">Cabinda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaalkacyo" title="Gaalkacyo">Gaalkacyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garoowe" title="Garoowe">Garoowe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune">Laâyoune</a><sup>d</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Regeringsetel" title="Regeringsetel">regeringsetel</a>, asook koninklike en wetgewende hoofstad van <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> is saam met <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> ook hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> is die regeringsetel en ekonomiese hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Ivoorkus" title="Ivoorkus">Ivoorkus</a>. <sup>d</sup><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a> dien <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> as hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Demokratiese_Republiek_Sahara" title="Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara">Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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