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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="보이기" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-고문의_사례" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고문의_사례"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>고문의 사례</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-고문의_사례-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>고문의 사례 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-고문의_사례-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-칠레" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#칠레"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>칠레</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-칠레-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-한국" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#한국"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>한국</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-한국-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-일제강점기(1910년_~_1945년)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#일제강점기(1910년_~_1945년)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>일제강점기(1910년 ~ 1945년)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-일제강점기(1910년_~_1945년)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대한민국" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대한민국"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>대한민국</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대한민국-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-군사독재시기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#군사독재시기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>군사독재시기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-군사독재시기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010년" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010년"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>2010년</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010년-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-미국_CIA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#미국_CIA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>미국 CIA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-미국_CIA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-형사소송법상_증거능력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#형사소송법상_증거능력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>형사소송법상 증거능력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-형사소송법상_증거능력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-강요된_행위_여부" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#강요된_행위_여부"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>강요된 행위 여부</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-강요된_행위_여부-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-고문방지조약_선택의정서" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고문방지조약_선택의정서"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>고문방지조약 선택의정서</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-고문방지조약_선택의정서-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-고문을_소재로_한_영화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고문을_소재로_한_영화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>고문을 소재로 한 영화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-고문을_소재로_한_영화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_자료" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_자료"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>참고 자료</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_자료-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">고문</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 77개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marteling" title="Marteling – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Marteling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تعذيب – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعذيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تعذيب – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تعذيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fg%C9%99nc%C9%99" title="İşgəncə – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İşgəncə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Катаванні – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катаванні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Изтезание – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изтезание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boureverezh" title="Boureverezh – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boureverezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Den%C3%AD" title="Mučení – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mučení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaith" title="Artaith – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Artaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tortur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folter" title="Folter – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Folter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βασανιστήριο – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασανιστήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture" title="Torture – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Torture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torturo" title="Torturo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Torturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piinamine" title="Piinamine – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piinamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87" title="شکنجه – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکنجه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidutus" title="Kidutus – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kidutus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture" title="Torture – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Torture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marteling" title="Marteling – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marteling" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9asadh" title="Céasadh – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céasadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cur_fo_chr%C3%A0dh" title="Cur fo chràdh – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cur fo chràdh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallazawa" title="Gallazawa – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gallazawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עינויים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עינויים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denje" title="Mučenje – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mučenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnz%C3%A1s" title="Kínzás – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínzás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyiksaan" title="Penyiksaan – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyiksaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyntingar" title="Pyntingar – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pyntingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%B7%E5%95%8F" title="拷問 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拷問" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="წამება – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წამება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Азаптау – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Азаптау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಚಿತ್ರಹಿಂಸೆ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿತ್ರಹಿಂಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8E%C5%9Fkence" title="Îşkence – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îşkence" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciatus" title="Cruciatus – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cruciatus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankinimas" title="Kankinimas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kankinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%ABdzin%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Spīdzināšana – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spīdzināšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Мачење – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мачење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyeksaan" title="Penyeksaan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyeksaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BE%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ညှဉ်းပန်းနှိပ်စက်ခြင်း – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ညှဉ်းပန်းနှိပ်စက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87" title="شکنجه – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شکنجه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marteling" title="Marteling – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marteling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tortur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tortur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6" title="ਤਸ਼ੱਦਦ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਸ਼ੱਦਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipachiy" title="Hipachiy – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hipachiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortur%C4%83" title="Tortură – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tortură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пытка – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пытка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эрэйдээһин – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эрэйдээһин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tortur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="වධ හිංසාව – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වධ හිංසාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture" title="Torture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Torture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denie" title="Mučenie – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mučenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denje" title="Mučenje – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mučenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tortura" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortyr" title="Tortyr – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tortyr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="சித்திரவதை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சித்திரவதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="การทรมาน – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทรมาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fkence" title="İşkence – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşkence" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тортури – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тортури" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ایذا رسانی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایذا رسانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tra_t%E1%BA%A5n" title="Tra tấn – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tra tấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boureataedje" title="Boureataedje – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Boureataedje" 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 다른 뜻에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98)" class="mw-disambig" title="고문 (동음이의)">고문 (동음이의)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg/250px-Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg/375px-Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Diverse_torture_instruments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>다양한 고문 도구들의 모습.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>고문</b>(拷問) 또는 <b>고신</b>(拷訊)은 광의로는 피의자에게 정신적 압박이나 육체적 고통을 주어 자백을 얻어내는 행위를 말하며, 협의로는 유형력을 사용하여 육체적 고통을 주어 자백하게 하는 행위를 일컫는다. </p><p>또한 고문방지운동을 하고 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%B0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="앰네스티">앰네스티</a>에서는 고문을 "당사자 또는 제 3자로부터 정보나 자백을 얻거나 협박할 목적으로 신체적이든 정신적이든 심대한 고통이나 괴로움을 가한 행위"로 규정한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="제2차 세계대전">제2차 세계대전</a>이 끝난 후 여러 인권선언들이 채택되고 발표되었으나, 지금도 사라지지 않고 있다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="대한민국의 헌법">대한민국의 헌법</a>에서는 고문에 견디지 못하고 피의자가 허위 자백을 할 가능성이 있고, 고문은 인권침해의 위험이 있다는 이유에서 고문을 금지하고 있다. 따라서 피고인의 자백이 고문·협박·구속의 부당한 장기화 등으로 인해 타의로 진술된 것으로 인정될 때나 정식 재판에서 피고인의 자백이 피고인에게 유일하게 불리한 증거일 경우에는 이를 근거로 피고인을 처벌할 수 없다(헌법 제 12조 제 7항). 또한 형사소송법에서도 헌법에서 규정하고 있는 부당한 방법에 의해 얻은 자백은 진위여부와 상관없이 증거로의 채택을 금지하고 있다(형사소송법 제 309조). 또한 피고인이 직접 고문을 당하지 않았어도 다른 피고인이 고문당하는 것을 보고 자백한 경우도 이에 해당한다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="고문의_사례"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EB.AC.B8.EC.9D.98_.EC.82.AC.EB.A1.80"></span>고문의 사례</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 고문의 사례"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="칠레"><span id=".EC.B9.A0.EB.A0.88"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%A0%EB%A0%88" title="칠레">칠레</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 칠레"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%85%B8%EC%B2%B4%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="피노체트">피노체트</a> 군사독재정권(<a href="/wiki/1973%EB%85%84" title="1973년">1973년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1990%EB%85%84" title="1990년">1990년</a>) 당시 만여 명의 고문피해자 발생. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="한국"><span id=".ED.95.9C.EA.B5.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="한국">한국</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 한국"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="일제강점기(1910년_~_1945년)"><span id=".EC.9D.BC.EC.A0.9C.EA.B0.95.EC.A0.90.EA.B8.B0.281910.EB.85.84_.7E_1945.EB.85.84.29"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%90%EA%B8%B0" title="일제강점기">일제강점기</a>(<a href="/wiki/1910%EB%85%84" title="1910년">1910년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1945%EB%85%84" title="1945년">1945년</a>)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 일제강점기(1910년 ~ 1945년)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>이 기간 동안 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EA%B0%80" class="mw-redirect" title="독립 운동가">독립 운동가</a> 등이 경찰에 연행되는 등 무수한 고문피해자 발생. <s>실례로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B4%80%EC%88%9C" title="유관순">유관순</a> 열사의 사인이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EA%BE%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%80_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미꾸라지 고문 (없는 문서)">미꾸라지 고문</a>에 따른 방광파열로 알려져 있다.(근거 없음)</s> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="대한민국"><span id=".EB.8C.80.ED.95.9C.EB.AF.BC.EA.B5.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 대한민국"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="군사독재시기"><span id=".EA.B5.B0.EC.82.AC.EB.8F.85.EC.9E.AC.EC.8B.9C.EA.B8.B0"></span>군사독재시기</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 군사독재시기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%A2%85%EC%B2%A0" title="박종철">박종철</a> 고문치사사건과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%B2%9C%EC%84%9C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="부천서 성고문 사건">부천서 성고문 사건</a>이 대표적인 고문피해사례 곧 국가폭력에 의해 인권이 짓밟혀진 사례이다. 고문에 의한 사건날조인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%98%81%EB%8B%B9_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="인혁당 사건">인혁당 사건</a>도 마찬가지이다. 이 중 박종철 고문치사사건은 <a href="/wiki/6%EC%9B%94_%ED%95%AD%EC%9F%81" class="mw-redirect" title="6월 항쟁">6월 항쟁</a>의 발단이 되었다. 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%BC%EC%95%88" title="이근안">이근안</a> 경감이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EA%B7%BC%ED%83%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="김근태">김근태</a> 전 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9_(2008%EB%85%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD)" title="민주당 (2008년 대한민국)">민주당</a> 고문을 전기고문, 물고문 등으로 고문한 사건도 있다. 조국 교수가 쓴 성찰하는 진보에 따르면, 이근안 경감은 간첩사건 조작피해자들과 많은 민주화운동가들을 물고문, 전기고문, 관절뽑기 등 차마 입에 담을 수도 없을 정도의 잔인한 고문을 자행했다. 그 때문에 결국 징역 7년의 실형을 선고받았다. 이러한 국가폭력의 원인을 김동춘 성공회대학교 교수는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%8821" title="한겨레21">한겨레21</a>에 기고한 칼럼에서 북한에서 보낸 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EC%B2%A9" title="간첩">간첩</a>을 막으려면 국민들의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a>쯤은 희생되어도 된다는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반공주의">반공주의</a>가 뿌리라고 진단했다. 그래서 이근안 경감은 국민의 생명과 인권을 보호해야 할 경찰이 오히려 국민의 인권을 짓밟은 국가폭력의 가해자가 된 대표적인 케이스가 되고 말았다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2010년"><span id="2010.EB.85.84"></span>2010년</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 2010년"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2010%EB%85%84" title="2010년">2010년</a>에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%B2%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%B0%B0%EC%84%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="양천경찰서">양천경찰서</a>에서 여러 피의자들이 고문을 당했음을 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="국가인권위원회">국가인권위원회</a>에서 조사하였다. 인권위원회에서 조사한 결과를 보면 '입에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B1%B4" title="수건">수건</a>을 물리고 테이프로 묶고, 의자에 몸을 묶으며, 허벅지, <a href="/wiki/%EB%93%B1" title="등">등</a>, 허리를 주먹과 발로 구타'하는 등의 고문을 했으며, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%90%EC%87%84%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%9C_%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84" title="폐쇄회로 텔레비전">폐쇄회로 텔레비전</a>을 상향조정하여 증거자료로 기록되지 못하게 했다. 경찰관들을 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8D" title="구속">구속</a>수사를 받았고, 양천경찰서장은 1개월 정직의 징계를 받았다. 이는 경찰에서 지금도 고문을 "죄인을 점잖게 대하면 진술을 받지 못한다. 고문을 해야 한다."라면서 선호하고, "죄인이 무슨 인권이냐. 가혹하게 다뤄야 죄를 짓지 않는다."라면서 당연하게 여기는 인권의식을 가지고 있음을 보여주는 사례이다. 이를 막기 위해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="국가폭력">국가폭력</a>에 대해서는 공소시효를 두지 않음으로써 진상규명이 되었을 경우에 가해자들이 처벌받도록 해야 하고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%95%A0%EC%9D%B8" title="장애인">장애인</a> 등의 사회적 약자들이 부당한 일을 겪지 않거나 당했을 때에 저항할 수 있도록 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%ED%95%99" title="법학">법학</a>을 공부한 이들 중에서 군대를 다녀오지 않은 이들이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%ED%98%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="변호인">변호인</a>으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%B4%EB%B3%B5%EB%AC%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="대체복무">대체복무</a>를 하도록 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 실제 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%8821" title="한겨레21">한겨레21</a>에 따르면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%A5%EC%95%A0" title="지적 장애">지적 장애</a>인(지능지수가 70이하의 장애인)들의 경우 지적장애인들이 정상적인 사고능력을 갖지 못했음을 악용한 수사관들의 거짓수사로 누명을 쓰는 억울한 일에 취약하기 때문에(영화 <a href="/wiki/7%EB%B2%88%EB%B0%A9%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="7번방의 기적">7번방의 기적</a>), <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a> 등의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%A7%84%EA%B5%AD" title="선진국">선진국</a>들에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="수사관">수사관</a>들이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%ED%98%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="변호인">변호인</a>들이 장애인들의 특성에 맞는 수사와 변호를 하도록 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a>교육을 받는다고 한다. 조국 교수도 성찰하는 진보라는 책에서 국가보안법을 위반했다고 해서 실형을 받은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%88%98" title="양심수">양심수</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>가 되었을 때에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0" title="법률">법률</a>상담을 많이 해주었다고 했다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법">법</a>을 몰라서 억울한 일을 당하는 이들이 많다는 뜻이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="미국_CIA"><span id=".EB.AF.B8.EA.B5.AD_CIA"></span>미국 <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 미국 CIA"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="형사소송법상_증거능력"><span id=".ED.98.95.EC.82.AC.EC.86.8C.EC.86.A1.EB.B2.95.EC.83.81_.EC.A6.9D.EA.B1.B0.EB.8A.A5.EB.A0.A5"></span>형사소송법상 증거능력</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 형사소송법상 증거능력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>고문을 통해 얻어진 자백이나 진술은 임의성이 없어서 증거능력이 없다. 대법원은 피고인들이 영장 없이 호텔에 연행되어 외부와의 연결이 차단된 채 감금되어 수사경찰관에 의하여 갖은 고문을 당하여 자술서를 쓰고, 경찰관 입회하에 검사의 피의자신문이 행하여졌으며, 기소 후 교도소 수감 중에도 야간에 부소장실에 불려가 경찰관이 폭행하는 자리에서 검사가 공판 과정에서 진술을 번복하면 좋지 않을 것이라고 위협하였고, 피고인들 중 일부는 위와 같은 검사의 위협에 의하여 공판정에서 허위자백을 한 것임을 수긍할 수 있으니, 피고인들에 대한 검사 작성의 각 피의자신문조서의 동인들이 작성한 진술서나 자술서는 임의로 된 것이라 할 수 없어 증거능력이 없다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="강요된_행위_여부"><span id=".EA.B0.95.EC.9A.94.EB.90.9C_.ED.96.89.EC.9C.84_.EC.97.AC.EB.B6.80"></span>강요된 행위 여부</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 강요된 행위 여부"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%A2%85%EC%B2%A0_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8%EC%B9%98%EC%82%AC_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="박종철 고문치사 사건">박종철 고문치사 사건</a>에서 상관의 위법한 명령에 복종할 의무가 없고 절대적 명령 복종의무가 불문율이라 하더라도 인권침해 행위인 고문이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9A%94%EB%90%9C_%ED%96%89%EC%9C%84" title="강요된 행위">강요된 행위</a>로서 적법행위에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="기대가능성">기대가능성</a>이 없는 경우가 아니라고 명백히 밝혔다<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="고문방지조약_선택의정서"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EB.AC.B8.EB.B0.A9.EC.A7.80.EC.A1.B0.EC.95.BD_.EC.84.A0.ED.83.9D.EC.9D.98.EC.A0.95.EC.84.9C"></span>고문방지조약 선택의정서</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 고문방지조약 선택의정서"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1984년 12월 10일 유엔총회에서 채택한 고문방지조약의 선택의정서이다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="인도주의">인도주의</a>에 어긋나는 대우 방지 소위원회 설치, 국내차원의 방문기구 설치. 두 기구는 개인의 자유가 박탈당하거나 박탈당할 수 있는 모든 장소를 방문할 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="고문을_소재로_한_영화"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EB.AC.B8.EC.9D.84_.EC.86.8C.EC.9E.AC.EB.A1.9C_.ED.95.9C_.EC.98.81.ED.99.94"></span>고문을 소재로 한 영화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 고문을 소재로 한 영화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%98%81%EB%8F%991985" title="남영동1985">남영동1985</a>》 (2012)</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%94_%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="더 리포트">더 리포트</a>》 (2019)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_자료"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EC.9E.90.EB.A3.8C"></span>참고 자료</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 참고 자료"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《조국 대한민국에 고하다》/조국 지음/21세기북스 P.56-57,《성찰하는 진보》/조국 지음</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%B0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="앰네스티">앰네스티</a>에서 양심수로 인정함</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">80도2688</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대법원 1988.2.23. 선고 87도2358 판결</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《조국 대한민국에 고하다》/조국 지음/21세기북스 P.57-58</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Torture?uselang=ko">고문</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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