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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="فوق أكسيد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوق أكسيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="সুপারঅক্সাইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুপারঅক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksid" title="Superoksid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Superoksid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%C3%B2xid" title="Superòxid – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Superòxid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxidy" title="Superoxidy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Superoxidy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperoxide" title="Hyperoxide – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyperoxide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81-%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Υπερ-υπεροξείδιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερ-υπεροξείδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%C3%B3xido" title="Superóxido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Superóxido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سوپراکسید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوپراکسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxyde" title="Superoxyde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Superoxyde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%C3%B3xido" title="Superóxido – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Superóxido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="초과산화물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초과산화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksida" title="Superoksida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Superoksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superossido" title="Superossido – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Superossido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93" title="סופראוקסיד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופראוקסיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksidas" title="Superoksidas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Superoksidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szuperoxid" title="Szuperoxid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szuperoxid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സൂപ്പർ ഓക്സൈഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂപ്പർ ഓക്സൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksida" title="Superoksida – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Superoksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Superoxide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超酸化物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超酸化物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoksaayidii" title="Bantoksaayidii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bantoksaayidii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponadtlenki" title="Ponadtlenki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ponadtlenki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%C3%B3xido" title="Superóxido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Superóxido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxid" title="Superoxid – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Superoxid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Супероксид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Супероксид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksid" title="Superoksid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Superoksid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Супероксид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Супероксид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksid" title="Superoksid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Superoksid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoksidi" title="Superoksidi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Superoksidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxid" title="Superoxid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Superoxid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ซูเปอร์ออกไซด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูเปอร์ออกไซด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Супероксидний радикал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супероксидний радикал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Superoxide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超氧化物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超氧化物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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(charge –1)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Superoxide </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Superoxide.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Superoxide.svg/100px-Superoxide.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Superoxide.svg/150px-Superoxide.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Superoxide.svg/200px-Superoxide.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="315" /></a></span><br /><div style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_structure" title="Lewis structure">Lewis structure</a> of superoxide. The six outer-shell electrons of each <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> atom are shown in black; one electron pair is shared (middle); the unpaired electron is shown in the upper-left; and the additional electron conferring a negative charge is shown in red.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Superoxide</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Dioxidan-2-idylide</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Hyperoxide, Dioxide(1−)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=11062-77-4">11062-77-4</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3D%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=18421">CHEBI:18421</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4514331.html">4514331</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gmelin_database" title="Gmelin database">Gmelin Reference</a></div> </td> <td>487 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00704">C00704</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359597">5359597</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/0S9K0E25FL">0S9K0E25FL</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/O2/c1-2/q-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: MXDZWXWHPVATGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=[O-]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001319980000000000♠"></span>31.998</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate acid">Conjugate acid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">Hydroperoxyl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, a <b>superoxide</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compound</a> that contains the superoxide <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a>, which has the chemical formula <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The systematic name of the anion is <b>dioxide(1−)</b>. The <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen ion</a> superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dioxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioxygen">dioxygen</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>, which occurs widely in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Molecular oxygen</a> (dioxygen) is a <a href="/wiki/Diradical" title="Diradical">diradical</a> containing two <a href="/wiki/Unpaired_electron" title="Unpaired electron">unpaired electrons</a>, and superoxide results from the addition of an electron which fills one of the two <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_energy_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Degenerate energy level">degenerate</a> <a href="/wiki/Molecular_orbital" title="Molecular orbital">molecular orbitals</a>, leaving a charged ionic species with a single unpaired electron and a net negative charge of −1. Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are <a href="/wiki/Free_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Free radicals">free radicals</a> that exhibit <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetism" title="Paramagnetism">paramagnetism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Valko_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Superoxide was historically also known as "<b>hyperoxide</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salts">Salts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Salts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superoxide forms salts with <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metals</a>. The salts <a href="/wiki/Sodium_superoxide" title="Sodium superoxide">sodium superoxide</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>), <a href="/wiki/Potassium_superoxide" title="Potassium superoxide">potassium superoxide</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">KO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>), <a href="/wiki/Rubidium_superoxide" title="Rubidium superoxide">rubidium superoxide</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">RbO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Caesium_superoxide" title="Caesium superoxide">caesium superoxide</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CsO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) are prepared by the reaction of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> with the respective alkali metal.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The alkali salts of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span> are orange-yellow in color and quite stable, if they are kept dry. Upon dissolution of these salts in water, however, the dissolved <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span> undergoes <a href="/wiki/Disproportionation" title="Disproportionation">disproportionation</a> (dismutation) extremely rapidly (in a <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>-dependent manner):<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">4 O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span> + 2 H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O → 3 O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + 4 OH<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>This reaction (with moisture and carbon dioxide in exhaled air) is the basis of the use of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_superoxide" title="Potassium superoxide">potassium superoxide</a> as an oxygen source in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_oxygen_generator" title="Chemical oxygen generator">chemical oxygen generators</a>, such as those used on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>. Superoxides are also used in <a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">firefighters</a>' <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_tank" title="Oxygen tank">oxygen tanks</a> to provide a readily available source of oxygen. In this process, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span> acts as a <a href="/wiki/Acid-base_reaction_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid-base reaction theories">Brønsted base</a>, initially forming the <a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">hydroperoxyl</a> radical (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>). </p><p>The superoxide anion, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>, and its protonated form, <a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">hydroperoxyl</a>, are in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">equilibrium</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-pka_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pka-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O ⇌ HO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + OH<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>Given that the hydroperoxyl radical has a <a href="/wiki/PKa" class="mw-redirect" title="PKa">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> of around 4.8,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> superoxide predominantly exists in the anionic form at neutral pH. </p><p>Potassium superoxide is soluble in <a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide">dimethyl sulfoxide</a> (facilitated by <a href="/wiki/Crown_ether" title="Crown ether">crown ethers</a>) and is stable as long as protons are not available. Superoxide can also be generated in <a href="/wiki/Aprotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aprotic">aprotic</a> solvents by <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry" title="Cyclic voltammetry">cyclic voltammetry</a>. </p><p>Superoxide salts also decompose in the solid state, but this process requires heating: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 NaO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> → Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superoxide is common in biology, reflecting the pervasiveness of O<sub>2</sub> and its ease of reduction. Superoxide is implicated in a number of biological processes, some with negative connotations, and some with beneficial effects.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like hydroperoxyl, superoxide is classified as <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Valko_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generated by the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> to kill invading <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">phagocytes</a>, superoxide is produced in large quantities by the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> <a href="/wiki/NADPH_oxidase" title="NADPH oxidase">NADPH oxidase</a> for use in oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms of invading pathogens. Mutations in the gene coding for the NADPH oxidase cause an immunodeficiency syndrome called <a href="/wiki/Chronic_granulomatous_disease" title="Chronic granulomatous disease">chronic granulomatous disease</a>, characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection, especially <a href="/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase">catalase</a>-<a href="/wiki/Catalase#Bacterial_identification_(catalase_test)" title="Catalase">positive</a> organisms. In turn, micro-organisms genetically engineered to lack the superoxide-scavenging enzyme <a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">superoxide dismutase</a> (SOD) lose <a href="/wiki/Virulence" title="Virulence">virulence</a>. Superoxide is also deleterious when produced as a byproduct of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">respiration</a> (most notably by <a href="/wiki/Complex_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex I">Complex I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Complex_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex III">Complex III</a>), as well as several other enzymes, for example <a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase">xanthine oxidase</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17640558_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17640558-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can catalyze the transfer of electrons directly to molecular oxygen under strongly reducing conditions. </p><p>Because superoxide is toxic at high concentrations, nearly all aerobic organisms express SOD. SOD efficiently catalyzes the <a href="/wiki/Disproportionation" title="Disproportionation">disproportionation</a> of superoxide: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 HO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> → O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></dd></dl> <p>Other proteins that can be both oxidized and reduced by superoxide (such as <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin#Iron.27s_oxidation_state_in_oxyhemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>) have weak SOD-like activity. Genetic inactivation ("<a href="/wiki/Gene_knockout" title="Gene knockout">knockout</a>") of SOD produces deleterious <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a> in organisms ranging from bacteria to mice and have provided important clues as to the mechanisms of toxicity of superoxide in vivo. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a> lacking both mitochondrial and cytosolic SOD grow very poorly in air, but quite well under anaerobic conditions. Absence of cytosolic SOD causes a dramatic increase in mutagenesis and genomic instability. Mice lacking mitochondrial SOD (MnSOD) die around 21 days after birth due to neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, and lactic acidosis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17640558_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17640558-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mice lacking cytosolic SOD (CuZnSOD) are viable but suffer from multiple pathologies, including reduced lifespan, <a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">liver cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">muscle atrophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cataracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataracts">cataracts</a>, thymic involution, haemolytic anemia, and a very rapid age-dependent decline in female fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17640558_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17640558-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Superoxide may contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases (the evidence is particularly strong for <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> poisoning and <a href="/wiki/Hyperoxia" title="Hyperoxia">hyperoxic</a> injury), and perhaps also to <a href="/wiki/Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Aging">aging</a> via the oxidative damage that it inflicts on cells. While the action of superoxide in the pathogenesis of some conditions is strong (for instance, mice and rats overexpressing CuZnSOD or MnSOD are more resistant to strokes and heart attacks), the role of superoxide in aging must be regarded as unproven, for now. In <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organisms</a> (yeast, the fruit fly Drosophila, and mice), genetically <a href="/wiki/Gene_knockout" title="Gene knockout">knocking out</a> CuZnSOD shortens lifespan and accelerates certain features of aging: (<a href="/wiki/Cataracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataracts">cataracts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">muscle atrophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">macular degeneration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thymic_involution" title="Thymic involution">thymic involution</a>). But the converse, increasing the levels of CuZnSOD, does not seem to consistently increase lifespan (except perhaps in <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila" title="Drosophila">Drosophila</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17640558_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17640558-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most widely accepted view is that oxidative damage (resulting from multiple causes, including superoxide) is but one of several factors limiting lifespan. </p><p>The binding of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> by reduced (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a><sup>2+</sup></span>) <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> proteins involves formation of Fe(III) superoxide complex.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assay_in_biological_systems">Assay in biological systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assay in biological systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The assay of superoxide in biological systems is complicated by its short half-life.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8074285_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8074285-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One approach that has been used in quantitative assays converts superoxide to <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>, which is relatively stable. Hydrogen peroxide is then assayed by a fluorimetric method.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8074285_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8074285-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a free radical, superoxide has a strong <a href="/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance" title="Electron paramagnetic resonance">EPR</a> signal, and it is possible to detect superoxide directly using this method. For practical purposes, this can be achieved only in vitro under non-physiological conditions, such as high pH (which slows the spontaneous dismutation) with the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase">xanthine oxidase</a>. Researchers have developed a series of tool compounds termed "<a href="/wiki/Spin_trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin trap">spin traps</a>" that can react with superoxide, forming a meta-stable radical (<a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> 1–15 minutes), which can be more readily detected by EPR. Superoxide spin-trapping was initially carried out with <a href="/w/index.php?title=DMPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMPO (page does not exist)">DMPO</a>, but phosphorus derivatives with improved half-lives, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=DEPPMPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEPPMPO (page does not exist)">DEPPMPO</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=DIPPMPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIPPMPO (page does not exist)">DIPPMPO</a>, have become more widely used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonding_and_structure">Bonding and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bonding and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superoxides are compounds in which the <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation number">oxidation number</a> of oxygen is −<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>. Whereas molecular oxygen (dioxygen) is a <a href="/wiki/Diradical" title="Diradical">diradical</a> containing two <a href="/wiki/Unpaired_electron" title="Unpaired electron">unpaired electrons</a>, the addition of a second electron fills one of its two <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_energy_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Degenerate energy level">degenerate</a> <a href="/wiki/Molecular_orbital" title="Molecular orbital">molecular orbitals</a>, leaving a charged ionic species with single unpaired electron and a net negative charge of −1. Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are <a href="/wiki/Free_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Free radicals">free radicals</a> that exhibit <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetism" title="Paramagnetism">paramagnetism</a>. </p><p>The derivatives of dioxygen have characteristic O–O distances that correlate with the <a href="/wiki/Bond_order" title="Bond order">order</a> of the O–O bond. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dioxygen compound</th> <th>name</th> <th>O–O distance (<a href="/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom">Å</a>)</th> <th>O–O bond order </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>2</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dioxygenyl" title="Dioxygenyl">dioxygenyl</a> cation</td> <td>1.12</td> <td>2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></td> <td>di<a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a></td> <td>1.21</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span></td> <td>superoxide</td> <td>1.28</td> <td>1.5<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>2</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">peroxide</a></td> <td>1.49</td> <td>1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozonide" title="Ozonide">Ozonide</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">Peroxide</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>2</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxide</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sup>2−</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxygenyl" title="Dioxygenyl">Dioxygenyl</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>2</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimycin_A" title="Antimycin A">Antimycin A</a> – used in fishery management, this compound produces large quantities of this free radical.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraquat" title="Paraquat">Paraquat</a> – used as a herbicide, this compound produces large quantities of this free radical.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase">Xanthine oxidase</a> – This form of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase produces large amounts of superoxide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHayyanHashimAl_Nashef2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hayyan, M.; Hashim, M.A.; Al Nashef, I.M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.chemrev.5b00407">"Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications"</a>. <i>Chem. 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(May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/890715">"A fluorimetric assay for hydrogen peroxide, suitable for NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide generating redox systems"</a>. <i>Anal Biochem</i>. <b>218</b> (2): 309–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fabio.1994.1183">10.1006/abio.1994.1183</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8074285">8074285</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40487242">40487242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anal+Biochem&rft.atitle=A+fluorimetric+assay+for+hydrogen+peroxide%2C+suitable+for+NAD%28P%29H-dependent+superoxide+generating+redox+systems.&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=309-13&rft.date=1994-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40487242%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8074285&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fabio.1994.1183&rft.aulast=Rapoport&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Hanukoglu%2C+I.&rft.au=Sklan%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F890715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuperoxide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamsKalnajs1955" class="citation journal cs1">Abrahams, S. C.; Kalnajs, J. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0365110X55001540">"The Crystal Structure of α-Potassium Superoxide"</a>. <i>Acta Crystallographica</i>. <b>8</b> (8): 503–506. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955AcCry...8..503A">1955AcCry...8..503A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0365110X55001540">10.1107/S0365110X55001540</a></span>.</cite><span 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oxygen_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oxygen compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oxygen_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_compounds" title="Oxygen compounds">Oxygen compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver(I,III)_oxide" title="Silver(I,III) oxide">Ag<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_oxide" title="Aluminium oxide">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americium_dioxide" title="Americium dioxide">AmO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_oxide" title="Americium(III) oxide">Am<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_pentoxide" title="Arsenic pentoxide">As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_oxide" title="Gold(III) oxide">Au<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_trioxide" title="Boron trioxide">B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_oxide" title="Barium oxide">BaO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_oxide" title="Beryllium oxide">BeO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_oxide" title="Bismuth(III) oxide">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_tetroxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismuth tetroxide (page does not exist)">BiO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_pentoxide" title="Bismuth pentoxide">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromine_dioxide" title="Bromine dioxide">BrO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromine_trioxide" title="Dibromine trioxide">Br<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromine_pentoxide" title="Dibromine pentoxide">Br<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribromine_octoxide" title="Tribromine octoxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Br<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">8</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_suboxide" title="Carbon suboxide">C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">CaO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_peroxide" title="Calcium peroxide">CaO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_oxide" title="Cadmium oxide">CdO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerium(IV)_oxide" title="Cerium(IV) oxide">CeO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerium(III,IV)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerium(III,IV) oxide (page does not exist)">Ce<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_oxide" title="Cerium(III) oxide">Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide" title="Chlorine dioxide">ClO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_monoxide" title="Dichlorine monoxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_peroxide" title="Chlorine peroxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_trioxide" title="Dichlorine trioxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_perchlorate" title="Chlorine perchlorate">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_hexoxide" title="Dichlorine hexoxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_oxide" title="Cobalt(II) oxide">CoO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_oxide" title="Cobalt(III) oxide">Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II,III)_oxide" title="Cobalt(II,III) oxide">Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_trioxide" title="Chromium trioxide">CrO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_oxide" title="Chromium(III) oxide">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_oxide" title="Chromium(IV) oxide">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromic_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromic chromate (page does not exist)">Cr<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesium_superoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesium superoxide">CsO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_sesquioxide" title="Caesium sesquioxide">Cs<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_oxide" title="Copper(II) oxide">CuO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_oxide" title="Dysprosium(III) oxide">Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oxide" title="Erbium(III) oxide">Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_oxide" title="Europium(III) oxide">Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">FeO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II,III)_oxide" title="Iron(II,III) oxide">Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(I)_oxide" title="Gallium(I) oxide">Ga<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_oxide" title="Gallium(III) oxide">Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium_monoxide" title="Germanium monoxide">GeO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium_dioxide" title="Germanium dioxide">GeO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water"><sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritiated_water" title="Tritiated water"><sup>3</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_oxide" title="Hafnium(IV) oxide">HfO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_oxide" title="Mercury(II) oxide">HgO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_oxide" title="Mercury(I) oxide">Hg<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_oxide" title="Holmium(III) oxide">Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monoxide" title="Iodine monoxide">IO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_tetroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine tetroxide">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentoxide" title="Iodine pentoxide">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodine_hexoxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodine hexoxide (page does not exist)">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraiodine_nonoxide" title="Tetraiodine nonoxide">I<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_oxide" title="Indium(III) oxide">In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium(IV)_oxide" title="Iridium(IV) oxide">IrO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_superoxide" title="Potassium superoxide">KO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_peroxide" title="Potassium peroxide">K<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_oxide" title="Lithium oxide">Li<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_peroxide" title="Lithium peroxide">Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_oxide" title="Lutetium(III) oxide">Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">MgO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_peroxide" title="Magnesium peroxide">Mg<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_oxide" title="Manganese(II) oxide">MnO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">MnO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_heptoxide" title="Manganese heptoxide">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_dioxide" title="Molybdenum dioxide">MoO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_trioxide" title="Molybdenum trioxide">MoO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum(III) oxide (page does not exist)">Mo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">N<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen trioxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_pentoxide" title="Dinitrogen pentoxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_superoxide" title="Sodium superoxide">NaO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">Na<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_peroxide" title="Sodium peroxide">Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_monoxide" title="Niobium monoxide">NbO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_dioxide" title="Niobium dioxide">NbO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_oxide" title="Neodymium(III) oxide">Nd<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dioxygen_monofluoride" title="Dioxygen monofluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_monofluoride" title="Oxygen monofluoride">OF</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_difluoride" title="Oxygen difluoride">OF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dioxygen_difluoride" title="Dioxygen difluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trioxygen_difluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Trioxygen difluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetraoxygen_difluoride" title="Tetraoxygen difluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pentaoxygen_difluoride" title="Pentaoxygen difluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hexaoxygen_difluoride" title="Hexaoxygen difluoride">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dioxygenyl_hexafluoroplatinate" title="Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>PtF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Oxides" title="Template:Oxides">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&oldid=1239676621">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superoxide&oldid=1239676621</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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