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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American geologist and CIA informant (1911–1977)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George de Mohrenschildt</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jerzy Sergius von Mohrenschildt</div><br />April 17, 1911<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Mozyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozyr">Mozyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">now <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 29, 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-03-29)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Manalapan,_Florida" title="Manalapan, Florida">Manalapan, Florida</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_gunshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide by gunshot">Suicide by gunshot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> (naturalized)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Polish Cavalry Academy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Institute of Higher Commercial Studies<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geology" title="Petroleum geology">Petroleum geologist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Befriending <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>, the assassin of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Dorothy Pierson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1944)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Phyllis Washington</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1947; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1949)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Wynne Sharples</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1956)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jeanne LeGon</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1959; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1973)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Sergius de Mohrenschildt</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (April 17, 1911 – March 29, 1977) was an American <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geologist" title="Petroleum geologist">petroleum geologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Political refugee">political refugee</a>, professor, and occasional <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_agent" title="Field agent">field agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt, who moved to the <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> area in October 1961, is best known for having befriended <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> in the summer of 1962. </p><p>De Mohrenschildt's testimony before the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> investigating the assassination was one of the longest of any witness.<sup id="cite_ref-Bugliosi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bugliosi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times;_November_24,_1964_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times;_November_24,_1964-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since his testimony and subsequent death years later, de Mohrenschildt has been a popular figure in <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a> regarding the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>. For example, those who believe that the United States Government was responsible have accused de Mohrenschildt of being Oswald's CIA <a href="/wiki/Handler_(espionage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Handler (espionage)">handler</a>. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Ion Mihai Pacepa</a>, a high level defector from <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist Romania</a> and occasional CIA asset, has alleged that de Mohrenschildt, despite his claims to be a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> political refugee from the <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a>, was in reality a <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Chief_Directorate" title="First Chief Directorate">First Chief Directorate</a> illegal <a href="/wiki/Field_agent" title="Field agent">field agent</a>, who focused on collecting <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> and who acted as Oswald's <i>Soviet</i> intelligence handler.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Mohrenschildt was born as Jerzy Sergius von Mohrenschildt in <a href="/wiki/Mozyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozyr">Mozyr</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, on April 4, 1911, in the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">old-style</a> Russian <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warren168_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warren168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_older_brother,_Dimitri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An older brother, Dimitri (page does not exist)">an older brother, Dimitri</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Мореншильд, Дмитрий Сергеевич">ru</a>]</span>. His aristocratic father, Sergey Alexandrovich von Mohrenschildt, was of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_nobility" title="Swedish nobility">Swedish</a>, and Russian descent. De Mohrenschildt's mother, Alexandra, was of aristocratic <a href="/wiki/Polish_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish nobility">Polish</a>, Russian, and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Hungarian</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-warren168_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warren168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sergey von Mohrenschildt was described by his son as the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Nobility_(Russia)" title="Marshal of Nobility (Russia)">Marshal of Nobility</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Governorate" title="Minsk Governorate">Minsk Governorate</a><sup id="cite_ref-pk1917_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pk1917-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1913-1917, and a <a href="/wiki/Table_of_Ranks" title="Table of Ranks">civil rank</a> of Actual Civil Councilor corresponding to <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a>. In 1920, during the <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, Sergey von Mohrenschildt was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a>, or <a href="/wiki/CHEKA" class="mw-redirect" title="CHEKA">CHEKA</a>, for alleged <a href="/wiki/Anti-Soviet_agitation" title="Anti-Soviet agitation">anti-Soviet agitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">internal exile</a> for life in <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Ustyug" title="Veliky Ustyug">Veliky Ustyug</a>, a town in the north of Russia. De Mohrenschildt later testified before the Warren Commission that, while awaiting transport to Veliky Ustyug, his father became ill. Two doctors who treated him in jail advised him to stop eating so he would appear more sickly. The doctors then told the Soviet government that Sergey was too ill to survive the trip to Veliky Ustyug and he should be allowed to recover at home. The Soviet Government agreed, under the condition that Sergey check in weekly until he was well enough to be sent to Veliky Ustyug. After his release, Sergey, his wife and the young de Mohrenschildt then fled to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> in a hay wagon (de Mohrenschildt's older brother Dimitri, who was awaiting execution, was later repatriated to Poland as part of a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner exchange</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their journey, de Mohrenschildt, his father and mother Alexandra contracted <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a>. Alexandra died of the disease shortly after the family crossed into Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-warren168_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warren168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of his wife, Sergey von Mohrenschildt and his sons made their way to <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Wilno</a> (Vilnius), where the family owned a six-acre estate. George de Mohrenschildt graduated from the Wilno <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a> in 1929 and later graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Army">Polish Army</a>'s Cavalry Academy in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to earn a master's degree at the Institute of Higher Commercial Studies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having completed a dissertation on the economic influence of the U.S. on <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, he received a doctor of science degree in <a href="/wiki/International_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="International commerce">international commerce</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George von Mohrenschildt emigrated to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in May 1938, after which he legally Gallicised the <a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">nobiliary particle</a> in his name from the German "von" to the French "de".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AprilGallery_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AprilGallery-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to de Mohrenschildt, he gathered information about people involved in pro-Nazi activities, such as those bidding for US oil leases on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> before the US became involved in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt testified that a further purpose of his data collection was to help French petroleum companies outbid the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George de Mohrenschildt spent the summer of 1938 with his older brother Dimitri von Mohrenschildt on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, New York. Like George, Dimitri von Mohrenschildt was a staunch anti-communist,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was also an anti-Nazi agent for General <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a> and, during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Liberty">Radio Liberty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in New York, de Mohrenschildt became acquainted with the <a href="/wiki/Category:Bouvier_family" title="Category:Bouvier family">Bouvier family</a>, including future <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Bouvier</a>. Jacqueline grew up calling de Mohrenschildt "Uncle George" and would often sit on his knee.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a close friend of Jacqueline's aunt <a href="/wiki/Edith_Ewing_Bouvier_Beale" title="Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale">Edith Bouvier Beale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Mohrenschildt dabbled in the insurance business from 1939 to 1941, but failed his broker's examination.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, he became associated with Film Facts in New York, a production company owned by his cousin, Berend Maydell, also known as Baron Maydell (or Count Maydell) who allegedly had pro-Nazi sympathies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to a memo by former CIA director <a href="/wiki/Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Richard Helms</a>, de Mohrenschildt "was alleged to be a Nazi espionage agent."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George de Mohrenschildt denied ever having Nazi sympathies and claimed instead to have helped raise money in America for the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a>, by making a documentary film about resistance fighters in Occupied Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, de Mohrenschildt married an American teenager named Dorothy Pierson. They had a daughter, Alexandra (known as Alexis) and divorced in early 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945, de Mohrenschildt received a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geology" title="Petroleum geology">petroleum geology</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dallas,_Oswald_and_Haiti"><span id="Dallas.2C_Oswald_and_Haiti"></span>Dallas, Oswald and Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dallas, Oswald and Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, de Mohrenschildt moved to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, where he worked for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Industries_Oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hampton Industries Oil (page does not exist)">Hampton Industries Oil</a>, a company owned by the family of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preston_A._Hampton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preston A. Hampton (page does not exist)">Preston A. Hampton</a><sup id="cite_ref-baker75_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker75-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, he married Phyllis Washington, the step-daughter of a diplomat with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>, S. Walter Washington. They divorced in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, de Mohrenschildt became a naturalized U.S. citizen. In 1950, he launched an oil investment firm with his step-nephew Edward Hooker, with offices in New York City, Denver, and <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-baker75_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker75-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, de Mohrenschildt's third marriage was to the physician Wynne "Didi" Sharples. The following year, the couple settled in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, where de Mohrenschildt took a job with oilman <a href="/wiki/Clint_Murchison_Sr." title="Clint Murchison Sr.">Clint Murchison</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geologist" title="Petroleum geologist">petroleum geologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt and his third wife had two children, a son and a daughter, both of whom were born with <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a> (the couple's son died of the disease in 1960, as did their daughter in 1973).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bugliosi57_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugliosi57-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt and Sharples were divorced in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-bugliosi57_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugliosi57-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Mohrenschildt joined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dallas_Petroleum_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dallas Petroleum Club (page does not exist)">Dallas Petroleum Club</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Affairs_Council_of_Dallas/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="World Affairs Council of Dallas/Fort Worth">Dallas Council on World Affairs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and taught at a local college. One of his longtime friends, offshore oil engineer George Kitchel, told the FBI that de Mohrenschildt counted among his good friends oil barons <a href="/wiki/Clint_Murchison_Sr." title="Clint Murchison Sr.">Clint Murchison</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.L._Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="H.L. Hunt">H.L. Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Mecom_Sr." title="John W. Mecom Sr.">John W. Mecom Sr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sid_Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sid Richardson">Sid Richardson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt also joined the right-wing Texas <a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a>, whose members included <a href="/wiki/Earle_Cabell" title="Earle Cabell">Earle Cabell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everette_DeGolyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Everette DeGolyer">Everette DeGolyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Harold_Byrd" title="David Harold Byrd">David Harold Byrd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Musgrove_Dealey" title="Edward Musgrove Dealey">Ted Dealey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, de Mohrenschildt went to <a href="/wiki/Communist_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Yugoslavia">Communist Yugoslavia</a> to conduct a geological field survey for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/International_Cooperation_Administration" title="International Cooperation Administration">International Cooperation Administration</a>. While in Yugoslavia, de Mohrenschildt was accused by the <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a>, or <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration (Yugoslavia)">UDBA</a>, of making drawings of military fortifications. After returning to the United States, de Mohrenschildt was debriefed by the CIA, both in Washington and in Dallas.<sup id="cite_ref-Summers154_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summers154-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his divorce in 1957, de Mohrenschildt married his fourth wife, former dancer, model, and fellow <a href="/wiki/Russian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-American">Russian-American</a> Jeanne LeGon, in June 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LeGon (née Eugenia Fomenko) was the daughter of a director of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Railway" title="Chinese Eastern Railway">Chinese Far East Railway</a> who was later killed by communists.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From late 1960 and into 1961, he and his wife toured <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His "walking trip" through Central America was made to recover from the grief of losing his only son in 1960 to cystic fibrosis. However, de Mohrenschildt also submitted a written report of his trip to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a>, and a photograph taken during the trip shows him meeting the American ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Summers154_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summers154-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> and his Russian-born wife <a href="/wiki/Marina_Oswald" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina Oswald">Marina Oswald</a> were introduced to de Mohrenschildt in the summer of 1962 in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>. De Mohrenschildt testified before the Warren Commission in 1964 that he met the Oswalds through a prominent member of Fort Worth's Russian-American community, oil accountant <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Bouhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Bouhe (page does not exist)">George Bouhe</a>. When de Mohrenschildt asked whether it was safe to help Oswald, Bouhe said that he had checked with the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>. De Mohrenschildt also believed that he had discussed Oswald with Max Clark, whom he believed worked for the FBI, and with J. Walton Moore, whom de Mohrenschildt described as "a Government man — either FBI or Central Intelligence",<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-library54_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library54-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and who had debriefed de Mohrenschildt several times following his travels abroad, starting in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-library54_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library54-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bugliosi1998_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugliosi1998-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (According to a declassified CIA document, obtained by the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a>, de Mohrenschildt was in fact correct and J. Walton Moore was an agent of the CIA's Domestic Contacts Division in Dallas.)<sup id="cite_ref-library54_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library54-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt asserted that, shortly after meeting Oswald, he had asked Moore and Fort Worth attorney Max E. Clark about Oswald to reassure himself that it was "safe" to assist Oswald. De Mohrenschildt testified that one of the persons with whom he had discussed Oswald told him that Oswald "seems to be OK," and that "he is a harmless lunatic." However, he was no longer sure who had told him that.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (When interviewed in 1978 by the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a>, J. Walton Moore said that while he "had 'periodic' contact with de Mohrenschildt", he had no recollection of any conversation with him concerning Oswald.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-library54_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library54-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESummers1998156_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESummers1998156-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After returning home from a weekend trip to Houston, de Mohrenschildt became aware that someone had broken into his home and copied his personal papers and other documents. At the time, he also had a manuscript that Oswald had given him to read, and realized that the document might also have been photocopied in the search. His primary concern was that the CIA was behind the break-in. According to de Mohrenschildt, Moore flatly denied when confronted that the CIA was involved in any way.<sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein_1992_p._559-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1962, Oswald informed de Mohrenschildt that he had lost his job in nearby Fort Worth. In response, de Mohrenschildt advised Oswald that he would have a better chance of finding work in Dallas. Oswald was soon hired by the Dallas photographic firm of Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall. De Mohrenschildt's wife and daughter would later say that it had been he who had secured the job at Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall for Oswald.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 14, 1963, de Mohrenschildt and his wife Jeanne visited the Oswalds' Dallas apartment. As Marina was showing Jeanne around the apartment, they discovered Oswald's rifle leaning against the wall inside a closet. Jeanne told George that Oswald had a rifle, and George joked to Oswald, "Were you the one who took a pot-shot at General Walker?" (General <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Walker" title="Edwin Walker">Edwin Walker</a> was a politician whom de Mohrenschildt "knew that Oswald disliked.")<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When asked by the Warren Commission about Oswald's reaction, de Mohrenschildt replied that Oswald "smiled at that".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with Edward Jay Epstein, de Mohrenschildt claimed to have told the CIA that he believed Oswald had attempted to murder General Walker. "I spoke to the CIA both before and afterwards. It was what ruined me."<sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein_1992_p._559-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Warren Commission concluded that on April 10, 1963, Oswald had attempted to murder General Edwin Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1963, de Mohrenschildt moved to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>. He never saw Oswald again.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, de Mohrenschildt testified before the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> in April 1964. According to Colonel <a href="/wiki/L._Fletcher_Prouty" title="L. Fletcher Prouty">L. Fletcher Prouty</a>, then chief Pentagon-to-CIA liaison officer, de Mohrenschildt also had several private lunches with former CIA director and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> member <a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a> while testifying.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1966, de Mohrenschildt left Haiti and returned to Dallas. During 1967, <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Parish">Orleans Parish</a> <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Garrison" title="Jim Garrison">Jim Garrison</a> interviewed de Mohrenschildt and his wife as part of Garrison's <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Clay_Shaw" title="Trial of Clay Shaw">prosecution of Clay Shaw</a>. Garrison said that both of the de Mohrenschildts insisted that Oswald had been the scapegoat in the assassination. Garrison concluded from his conversation with them that George de Mohrenschildt had been one of Oswald's unwitting "baby-sitters ... assigned to protect or otherwise see to the general welfare of Oswald."<sup id="cite_ref-Garrison_1998_55–56_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrison_1998_55–56-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life,_and_letter_to_CIA_director"><span id="Later_life.2C_and_letter_to_CIA_director"></span>Later life, and letter to CIA director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life, and letter to CIA director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George and Jeanne de Mohrenschildt obtained a divorce in Dallas, Texas on April 3, 1973, after nearly 14 years of marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not reported in the local newspapers, and the couple continued to present themselves as husband and wife. <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 1976, the CIA requested that the FBI locate de Mohrenschildt, because he had "attempted to get in touch with the CIA Director."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 5, 1976, de Mohrenschildt had written a letter to the director of the CIA, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, asking for his assistance. He was acquainted with the Bush family; George H.W. Bush had roomed with de Mohrenschildt's nephew, Edward G. Hooker, at <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You will excuse this hand-written letter. Maybe you will be able to bring a solution to the hopeless situation I find myself in. My wife and I find ourselves surrounded by some vigilantes; our phone bugged; and we are being followed everywhere. Either FBI is involved in this or they do not want to accept my complaints. We are driven to insanity by the situation. I have been behaving like a damn fool ever since my daughter Nadya died from [cystic fibrosis] over three years ago. I tried to write, stupidly and unsuccessfully, about Lee H Oswald and must have angered a lot of people — I do not know. But to punish an elderly man like myself and my highly nervous and sick wife is really too much. Could you do something to remove the net around us? This will be my last request for help and I will not annoy you any more. Good luck in your important job. Thank you so much.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>George H. W. Bush responded: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Let me say first that I know it must have been difficult for you to seek my help in the situation outlined in your letter. I believe I can appreciate your state of mind in view of your daughter's tragic death a few years ago, and the current poor state of your wife's health. I was extremely sorry to hear of these circumstances. In your situation I can well imagine how the attentions you described in your letter affect both you and your wife. However, my staff has been unable to find any indication of interest in your activities on the part of Federal authorities in recent years. The flurry of interest that attended your testimony before the Warren Commission has long subsided. I can only speculate that you may have become "newsworthy" again in view of the renewed interest in the Kennedy assassination, and thus may be attracting the attention of people in the media. I hope this letter had been of some comfort to you, George, although I realize I am unable to answer your question completely.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>George Bush, <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a>. [CIA Exec Reg. # 76,51571 9.28.76]<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>On November 9, 1976, Jeanne had de Mohrenschildt committed to a mental institution in Texas for three months, and listed in a notarized affidavit four previous suicide attempts while he was in the Dallas area. In the affidavit, she stated that de Mohrenschildt suffered from depression, heard voices, saw visions, and believed that the CIA and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish Mafia</a> were persecuting him. However, he was released at the end of the year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="no source given for this paragraph (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visit_to_Europe">Visit to Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Visit to Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Dutch journalist <a href="/wiki/Willem_Oltmans" title="Willem Oltmans">Willem Oltmans</a>, in 1967 a "serious and famous Dutch clairvoyant" named <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Croiset" title="Gerard Croiset">Gerard Croiset</a> had a vision of a conspirator who had manipulated Oswald;<sup id="cite_ref-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his description led Oltmans to de Mohrenschildt, and the two stayed in touch. In 1977, Oltmans went to Texas and brought de Mohrenschildt to the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oltmans claimed that he had rescued de Mohrenschildt from a mental institution to bring him to Croiset. According to Oltmans, Croiset agreed that de Mohrenschildt was the man whom he had seen in his vision. </p><p>Oltmans says that after de Mohrenschildt arrived in the Netherlands, he invited him out with some Russian friends. They went to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and had plans to go to <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> in Belgium, where de Mohrenschildt had studied in the 1930s. Oltmans owned a house in the countryside not far from Liège. Upon returning to Brussels, de Mohrenschildt went for a short walk from which he failed to return. He had earlier agreed to meet Oltmans and his friends for lunch. Oltmans waited for him but he did not come back.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 16, 1977, de Mohrenschildt returned to the United States from his trip. His daughter talked with him at length and found him to be deeply disturbed about certain matters, reporting that he had expressed a desire to kill himself. On March 29, de Mohrenschildt gave an interview to author <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jay_Epstein" title="Edward Jay Epstein">Edward Jay Epstein</a>, during which he claimed that in 1962, Dallas CIA operative J. Walton Moore and one of Moore's associates had handed him the address of Oswald in nearby Fort Worth and then suggested that de Mohrenschildt might like to meet him. He suggested to Moore that he would appreciate some help from the U.S. Embassy in Haiti. "I would never have contacted Oswald in a million years if Moore had not sanctioned it", de Mohrenschildt said. "Too much was at stake."<sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein_1992_p._559-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day as the Epstein interview, de Mohrenschildt received a business card from <a href="/wiki/Gaeton_Fonzi" title="Gaeton Fonzi">Gaeton Fonzi</a>, an investigator for the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a>, telling him that he would like to see him.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HSCA considered him a "crucial witness".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That afternoon, de Mohrenschildt was found dead from a <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotgun</a> wound to the head in a house at which he was staying in <a href="/wiki/Manalapan,_Florida" title="Manalapan, Florida">Manalapan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coroner's verdict was suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/Killing_Kennedy" title="Killing Kennedy">Killing Kennedy</a></i> (2012), television personality <a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">Bill O'Reilly</a> claimed he had been knocking on de Mohrenschildt's front door when he heard a shotgun blast that marked the suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this claim has since been proven false. A contemporaneous phone call recording between O'Reilly and Fonzi confirmed that O'Reilly had been investigating the Russian immigrant. However, O'Reilly learned of de Mohrenschildt's suicide from Fonzi and was not even in Florida at the time, but was in Dallas, Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_Kennedy_assassination">After the Kennedy assassination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: After the Kennedy assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: House Select Committee on Assassinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 2, 1977, Willem Oltmans told the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a> that de Mohrenschildt had implicated himself in the conspiracy to kill President Kennedy. And Pat S. Russell, who was de Mohrenschildt's attorney, said "I definitely feel there was a conspiracy and that definitely was the opinion of George."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oltmans testified for three hours behind closed doors and told the committee that de Mohrenschildt had told him that he had discussed all aspects of the assassination with Oswald. "De Mohrenschildt told me that Oswald acted at his (de Mohrenschildt's) instructions and that he knew Oswald was going to kill Kennedy," Oltmans said.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 6, 1978, Joseph Dryer told the HSCA that he and de Mohrenschildt were associated with a woman named Jacqueline Lancelot. Dryer's relationship with Lancelot included passing messages for her to people in the United States whom Dryer assumed were connected in some way to the CIA. Dryer said that Lancelot had told him shortly after the assassination that a "substantial" sum of money, $200,000 or $250,000, had been deposited in de Mohrenschildt's account. Dryer said that de Mohrenschildt had claimed that he had come to Haiti to scout for oil, but Dryer stated that "I could never figure out what he did." Dryer expressed the belief that de Mohrenschildt had "some intelligence connection."<sup id="cite_ref-aarclibrary.org_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aarclibrary.org-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congressional researcher Gaeton Fonzi noted that in late 1963 "several large deposits popped up in de Mohrenschildt's Haitian bank account including one for two hundred thousand dollars from a Bahamian bank."<sup id="cite_ref-Fonzi_1993_312–313_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonzi_1993_312–313-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This occurred when de Mohrenschildt and Clemard Joseph Charles, an advisor to Haitian president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier" title="François Duvalier">Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier</a>, "were 'supposedly' running a <a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">sisal</a> plantation, a derelict operation they never went near."<sup id="cite_ref-Fonzi_1993_312–313_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonzi_1993_312–313-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1976 CIA internal memo regarding de Mohrenschildt, Director George H. W. Bush stated: "At one time he had/or spent plenty of money."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Another_backyard_photo">Another backyard photo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Another backyard photo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle,_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard,_Neely_Street,_Dallas_Texas,_March_1963,_CE133A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg/220px-Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg/330px-Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg/440px-Lee_Harvey_Oswald_with_rifle%2C_taken_in_Oswald%27s_back_yard%2C_Neely_Street%2C_Dallas_Texas%2C_March_1963%2C_CE133A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2306" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>Image CE-133A, one of three known "backyard photos". This is the same image sent by Oswald (as a first generation copy) to his friend George de Mohrenschildt in April 1963, dated and signed by Oswald on the back of the photo. In the image, Oswald holds a Carcano rifle in one hand, with markings which have been matched to the Carcano rifle that was found in the book depository and used in the assassination. Furthermore he holds two Marxist newspapers in the other hand: <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Worker">The Worker</a>, which was Marxist-Leninist and pro-Soviet, and <a href="/wiki/The_Militant" title="The Militant">The Militant</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a> newspaper which followed an anti-Stalinist and anti-Soviet line.</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 1, 1977, Jeanne de Mohrenschildt gave the House Select Committee on Assassinations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol6/html/HSCA_Vol6_0078b.htm">a print</a> of a photograph showing <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> standing in his Dallas backyard holding two newspapers and a rifle, and with a pistol on his hip – a photograph taken by Oswald's wife <a href="/wiki/Marina_Oswald_Porter" title="Marina Oswald Porter">Marina</a>. While similar to other prints that had been found among Oswald's effects on November 23, 1963, the existence of this particular print was previously unknown. On the back was written "To my friend George from Lee Oswald" and the date "5/IV/63" (April 5, 1963),<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the words "Copyright Geo de M" and a Russian phrase translated as "'Hunter after fascists, ha-ha-ha!!!" Handwriting specialists later concluded that the words "To my friend George ..." and Oswald's signature were written by Lee Harvey Oswald, but could not determine whether the rest was the writing of Oswald, his wife, or de Mohrenschildt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Mohrenschildt assumed that Marina had written it sarcastically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Mohrenschildt wrote in his manuscript that he had missed Oswald's photograph in packing for the move to Haiti in May 1963, which was why he had not mentioned it to the Warren Commission (though he had noted in his manuscript that Oswald had a rifle in April 1963, and scoffed to Oswald that he had missed General Walker, remembering that Oswald had blanched at the joke). According to de Mohrenschildt, the photograph was not found among his stored papers until he and his wife found it in February 1967. When analyzed by the HSCA in 1977, this photo turned out to be a first-generation print of the backyard photo already known to the Warren Commission as "CE-133A" and which had probably been taken on March 31, 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memoir">Memoir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Memoir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeanne de Mohrenschildt also gave the HSCA a copy of a draft manuscript called <i>I Am a Patsy! I Am a Patsy!</i>, which George de Mohrenschildt had completed in the summer of 1976 about his relationship with his "dear, dead friend" Oswald. In the manuscript, he said that the Oswald he knew was rarely ever violent, and would not have been the sort of person to have killed Kennedy. In part, this judgment was based on de Mohrenschildt's estimation of Oswald's political views and Kennedy's liberal ideas. Until 2014 the memoir had never been published as a standalone book, but the entire typescript was published as an appendix in the HSCA report.<sup id="cite_ref-aarclibrary.org_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aarclibrary.org-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary focus of de Mohrenschildt's text is a series of recollections about the brief time period between September 1962 and April 1963 when he and his wife were acquainted with the Oswalds. A secondary focus consists of a number of meditations on the corrosive effects the Oswalds had on the professional and personal lives of the de Mohrenschildts. "It must be acknowledged that our brief friendship with the Oswalds had strange and adverse effects on our lives." The manuscript is less concerned with Oswald's guilt or innocence than with suggesting who the real criminals might be. Stating that Oswald was a "patsy not involved in any revenge", and referencing articles describing "organized murder for profit", de Mohrenschildt challenges readers to make up their own minds. De Mohrenschildt's manuscript was edited and annotated as <i>Lee Harvey Oswald as I Knew Him</i> by Michael A. Rinella. It was released in November 2014 by the University Press of Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions_in_popular_media">Depictions in popular media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Depictions in popular media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Mohrenschildt was played by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Oltmans" title="Willem Oltmans">Willem Oltmans</a>, the Dutch journalist who befriended him in the late 1960s, in the 1991 film <i><a href="/wiki/JFK_(film)" title="JFK (film)">JFK</a></i>, and by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bolender" title="Bill Bolender">Bill Bolender</a> in the 1993 TV movie <i><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Deception:_Mrs._Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald">Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald</a></i>. He is also mentioned at length in the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/11/22/63" title="11/22/63">11/22/63</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">time-travel</a> novel about the assassination, and appears in the 2016 television adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/11.22.63" title="11.22.63">11.22.63</a></i>, played by <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Coyne" title="Jonny Coyne">Jonny Coyne</a>. His Haitian experience is depicted in Hans Christoph Buch's novel <i>Haïti Chérie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Suhrkamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhrkamp">Suhrkamp</a>, 1990). </p><p>De Mohrenschildt was discussed at length in the <a href="/wiki/TruTV" title="TruTV">TruTV</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_Theory_with_Jesse_Ventura" title="Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura">Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura</a></i>. The episode claims that de Mohrenschildt was in fact a CIA handler for Oswald. </p><p>In 1997, Dutch filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(film_director)" title="Theo van Gogh (film director)">Theo van Gogh</a> released the film <i>Willem Oltmans, De Eenmotorige Mug</i> (<i>Willem Oltmans, the single-engined mosquito</i>). In the film, journalist Willem Oltmans makes claims about his contacts with de Mohrenschildt (and Oswald's mother, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Oswald" title="Marguerite Oswald">Marguerite Oswald</a>) until de Mohrenschildt's death in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Георгий Сергеевич де Мореншильд</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn"><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Georgy Sergeyevich de Morenshild</i></span></i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeanne LeGon had a daughter named Jeanne Elinor LeGon.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> For example, from the death investigation report by Thomas Neighbors of the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach County</a> Sheriff's Office: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At 2315 hours, on 29 March 1977, this writer made contact with the victim's wife, MRS. JEANNE de MOHRENSCHILDT, in California ... and advised her of her husband's demise; a fact which she had already been made aware of by several newsmen who had telephoned her seeking a story. She stated that she has been married to the victim for the past twenty-one years and noted that over the past several years he has been acting in an "insane manner."</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> recalled, "I first met De Mohrenschildt in the early 1940s. He was an uncle to my <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Andover</a> <a href="/wiki/Roommate" title="Roommate">roommate</a>." (The relationship would technically be "step-uncle" as the roommate, Edward G. Hooker, was actually Dimitri von Mohrenschildt's stepson).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/104-10103-10149.pdf">"Subject: Comments on George de Mohrenschildt "Reputed Former CIA Agent"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archives.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives.gov&rft.atitle=Subject%3A+Comments+on+George+de+Mohrenschildt+%22Reputed+Former+CIA+Agent%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fjfk%2Freleases%2F104-10103-10149.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bugliosi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bugliosi_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bugliosi" title="Vincent Bugliosi">Bugliosi, Vincent</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reclaiminghistor00bugl/page/648"><i>Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy</i></a>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reclaiminghistor00bugl/page/648">648</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3"><bdi>978-0-393-04525-3</bdi></a>. <q>De Mohrenschildt's testimony occupied 58 pages in the published transcript. Only the testimonies of Oswald's wife, mother, brother, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruby" title="Jack Ruby">Jack Ruby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Paine" title="Ruth Paine">Ruth Paine</a> was [sic] longer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+History%3A+The+Assassination+of+President+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=648&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04525-3&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freclaiminghistor00bugl%2Fpage%2F648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times;_November_24,_1964-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times;_November_24,_1964_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzulc1964" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tad_Szulc" title="Tad Szulc">Szulc, Szulc</a> (November 24, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/24/friend-of-oswals-knew-mrs-kennedy.html">"Friend of Oswals <i>(sic)</i> Knew Mrs. Kennedy"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Friend+of+Oswals+%28sic%29+Knew+Mrs.+Kennedy&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1964-11-24&rft.aulast=Szulc&rft.aufirst=Szulc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F11%2F24%2Ffriend-of-oswals-knew-mrs-kennedy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolsey_Jr.Pacepa2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">Woolsey Jr., R. James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Pacepa, Ion Mihai</a> (February 23, 2021). <i>Operation Dragon: Inside the Kremlin's Secret War on America</i>. Encounter Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1641771450" title="Special:BookSources/978-1641771450"><bdi>978-1641771450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Dragon%3A+Inside+the+Kremlin%27s+Secret+War+on+America&rft.pub=Encounter+Books&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft.isbn=978-1641771450&rft.aulast=Woolsey+Jr.&rft.aufirst=R.+James&rft.au=Pacepa%2C+Ion+Mihai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span> See chapters 6 and 11. The authors assert that George de Mohrenschildt, who was allegedly a <a href="/wiki/First_Chief_Directorate" title="First Chief Directorate">PGU</a> illegal officer that collected military intelligence, was the handler for the Oswalds who were both assets of Soviet intelligence and that Valery Kostikov, who was known to the Oswalds by the operational pseudonym "Comrade Kostin", supported the Oswalds efforts as a 13th Directorate officer that engaged in assassinations and subversive activities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFИвшина2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ившина, Ольга (Ivshina, Olga) (December 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-59792021">"Убийство Кеннеди: агент "Перекати-поле", советские тосты и странные звонки. Что нового в рассекреченных документах по делу"</a> [The Kennedy assassination: a Tumbleweed agent, Soviet toasts and strange calls. What's new in the declassified documents in the case]. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%3A+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%22%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%22%2C+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8.+%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0+%28Ivshina%2C+Olga%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Fnews-59792021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warren168-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warren168_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warren168_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warren168_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 168, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0088b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pk1917-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pk1917_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFМинский_Губернский_Статистический_комитет1916" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Минский Губернский Статистический комитет (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028095659/http://book-old.ru/BookLibrary/22001-Pam.-kn.-Minskoy-gub/1916.-Pamyatnaya-knizhka-Minskoy-gubernii-na-1917-god.html"><bdi lang="ru">Памятная книжка Минской губернии на 1917 год</bdi></a> (in Russian). Минск. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book-old.ru/BookLibrary/22001-Pam.-kn.-Minskoy-gub/1916.-Pamyatnaya-knizhka-Minskoy-gubernii-na-1917-god.html">the original</a> on 2014-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1917+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.date=1916&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbook-old.ru%2FBookLibrary%2F22001-Pam.-kn.-Minskoy-gub%2F1916.-Pamyatnaya-knizhka-Minskoy-gubernii-na-1917-god.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his testimony to the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, de Mohrenschildt claimed that his father had been a Marshal of Nobility of the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Governorate" title="Minsk Governorate">Minsk Governorate</a>, but the directories of 1913-1917 listed him in the lower position of Marshal for a <a href="/wiki/Uezd" title="Uezd">uezd</a> (county). Beside this, he and his children never had the title of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a> or <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a>/<a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">graf</a>, whether in Russia or in any other country.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 171, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0090a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 172, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0090b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson_McMillian2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnson McMillian, Patricia (2013). <i>Marina and Lee: The Tormented Love and Fatal Obsession Behind Lee Harvey Oswald's Assassination of John F. Kennedy</i>. Steerforth Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">262–</span>263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-586-42217-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-586-42217-2"><bdi>978-1-586-42217-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marina+and+Lee%3A+The+Tormented+Love+and+Fatal+Obsession+Behind+Lee+Harvey+Oswald%27s+Assassination+of+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E262-%3C%2Fspan%3E263&rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-586-42217-2&rft.aulast=Johnson+McMillian&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 175, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0092a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi 2007 p. 655</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, pp. 177-178, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0093b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1977" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lane_(author)" title="Mark Lane (author)">Lane, Mark</a> (November 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/L%20Disk/Lane%20Mark/Item%20057.pdf">"The Mysterious Death of a Key JFK Witness"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gallery_(magazine)" title="Gallery (magazine)">Gallery</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallery&rft.atitle=The+Mysterious+Death+of+a+Key+JFK+Witness&rft.date=1977-11&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjfk.hood.edu%2FCollection%2FWeisberg%2520Subject%2520Index%2520Files%2FL%2520Disk%2FLane%2520Mark%2FItem%2520057.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AprilGallery-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AprilGallery_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531224859/https://oldmags.com/issue/Gallery-November-1977">"Gallery"</a>. November 1977. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oldmags.com/issue/Gallery-November-1977">the original</a> on May 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gallery&rft.date=1977-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foldmags.com%2Fissue%2FGallery-November-1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0096a.htm">"Testimony of Mr. George S. de Mohrenschildt"</a>. History Matters: Warren Commission Hearings. pp. <span class="nowrap">183–</span>4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testimony+of+Mr.+George+S.+de+Mohrenschildt&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E183-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=History+Matters%3A+Warren+Commission+Hearings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history-matters.com%2Farchive%2Fjfk%2Fwc%2Fwcvols%2Fwh9%2Fhtml%2FWC_Vol9_0096a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 183, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0096a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 184, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0096b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 176, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0092b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 179, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0094a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 180, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0094b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/D%20Disk/deMohrenschildt%20George/Item%2062.pdf">"Oswald friend labeled CIA informant in memo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Times_Herald" title="Dallas Times Herald">Dallas Times Herald</a></i>. July 27, 1978. pp. 1, 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Times+Herald&rft.atitle=Oswald+friend+labeled+CIA+informant+in+memo&rft.pages=1%2C+14&rft.date=1978-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjfk.hood.edu%2FCollection%2FWeisberg%2520Subject%2520Index%2520Files%2FD%2520Disk%2FdeMohrenschildt%2520George%2FItem%252062.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, pp. 182-183, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0095b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi 2007 p. 656</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, pp. 190-191, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0099b.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baker75-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baker75_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker75_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi 2007 p. 657</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Summers" title="Anthony Summers">Summers, Anthony</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialconfiden00summ/page/329"><i>Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover</i></a>. New York: Putnam Adult. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialconfiden00summ/page/329">329</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-13800-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-13800-5"><bdi>0-399-13800-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+and+Confidential%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+J.+Edgar+Hoover&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Putnam+Adult&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-399-13800-5&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialconfiden00summ%2Fpage%2F329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi (2007) p. 1205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bugliosi57-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bugliosi57_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bugliosi57_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi 2007 pp. 657-658</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 217, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0113a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 267, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0138a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 pp. 77-78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summers154-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Summers154_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summers154_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers1998" class="citation book cs1">Summers, Anthony (1998). <i>Not in Your Lifetime</i>. New York: Marlowe & Company. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56924-739-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56924-739-0"><bdi>1-56924-739-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+in+Your+Lifetime&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Marlowe+%26+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-56924-739-0&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0150a.htm">"Testimony of Mrs. George S. de Mohrenschildt"</a>. History Matters: Warren Commission Hearings. p. 291<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testimony+of+Mrs.+George+S.+de+Mohrenschildt&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=History+Matters%3A+Warren+Commission+Hearings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history-matters.com%2Farchive%2Fjfk%2Fwc%2Fwcvols%2Fwh9%2Fhtml%2FWC_Vol9_0150a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, pp. 203-4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0106a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson McMillian 2013 p. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume IX, pp. 285-7, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0147a.htm">Testimony of Mrs. George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 206, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0090a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume IX, p. 291, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0150a.htm">Testimony of Mrs. George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/russ/testimony/demohr_j.htm">Testimony of Jeanne de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 235, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0122a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-library54-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-library54_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library54_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library54_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library54_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/html/HSCA_Vol12_0029b.htm">George de Mohrenschildt</a>, House Select Committee on Assassinations - Appendix to Hearings, Volume 12, 4, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bugliosi1998-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bugliosi1998_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugliosiHaines1998" class="citation book cs1">Bugliosi, Vincent; Haines, Fred (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reclaiminghistor00bugl"><i>Final Verdict: The True Account of the Murder of John F. Kennedy</i></a> (1st ed.). New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393045250" title="Special:BookSources/0393045250"><bdi>0393045250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+Verdict%3A+The+True+Account+of+the+Murder+of+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0393045250&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.au=Haines%2C+Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freclaiminghistor00bugl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Commission Hearings, volume 9, p. 235-236, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0122a.htm">Testimony of George S. de Mohrenschildt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/html/HSCA_Vol12_0029b.htm">"History Matters Archive - HSCA Appendix to Hearings - Volume XII, pg"</a>. <i>History-matters.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History-matters.com&rft.atitle=History+Matters+Archive+-+HSCA+Appendix+to+Hearings+-+Volume+XII%2C+pg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory-matters.com%2Farchive%2Fjfk%2Fhsca%2Freportvols%2Fvol12%2Fhtml%2FHSCA_Vol12_0029b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESummers1998156-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESummers1998156_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSummers1998">Summers 1998</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epstein_1992_p._559-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_1992_p._559_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jay_Epstein" title="Edward Jay Epstein">Epstein, Edward Jay</a>. <i>The Assassination Chronicles: Inquest, Counterplot, and Legend</i> (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1992), p. 559. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88184-909-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88184-909-7">978-0-88184-909-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summers 1998 p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0129a.htm">Testimony of George de Mohrenschildt</a>, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 9, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0129a.htm">Testimony of George de Mohrenschildt</a>, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 9, pp. 249-250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/chapter-4.html#walker">"Warren Commission Report p. 184-195"</a>. Archives.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warren+Commission+Report+p.+184-195&rft.pub=Archives.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Fjfk%2Fwarren-commission-report%2Fchapter-4.html%23walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/html/HSCA_Vol12_0030b.htm">Mohrenschildt's Activities in Haiti</a>, House Select Committee on Assassinations - Appendix to Hearings, Volume 12, pp. 56-57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell, Dick. <i>The Man who Knew Too Much</i> (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2003), p. 202. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786712427" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786712427">978-0786712427</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garrison_1998_55–56-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garrison_1998_55–56_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrison1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Garrison" title="Jim Garrison">Garrison, Jim</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ontrailofassas00garr/page/55"><i>On The Trail of the Assassins</i></a>. Sheridan Square Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ontrailofassas00garr/page/55">55–56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-941781-02-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-941781-02-X"><bdi>0-941781-02-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+The+Trail+of+the+Assassins&rft.pages=55-56&rft.pub=Sheridan+Square+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-941781-02-X&rft.aulast=Garrison&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fontrailofassas00garr%2Fpage%2F55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancestry.com. <i>Texas Divorce Index, 1968–2002</i> [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, 2005. Original data: Texas Department of State Health Services. <i>Texas Divorce Index, 1968–2002</i>. Texas, US: Texas Department of State Health Services.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CIA Message Reference Number 915341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2009 pp. 67–68, 72–73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CIA MFR Raymond M. Reardon SAG 9.20.76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker (2009) p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gallery_magazine,_April_1977_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Gallery_(magazine)" title="Gallery (magazine)">Gallery</a></i>, April 1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonzi1993" class="citation book cs1">Fonzi, Gaeton (1993). <i>The Last Investigation</i>. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-052-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-052-6"><bdi>1-56025-052-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Investigation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-56025-052-6&rft.aulast=Fonzi&rft.aufirst=Gaeton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kroth, Jerry. <i>Conspiracy in Camelot: A Complete History of the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Assassination</i> (New York: Algora Publishing, 2003), p. 130. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0875862460" title="Special:BookSources/978-0875862460">978-0875862460</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fonzi (1993) p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summers (1998) p. 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bugliosi (2007) pp. 1207-1208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summers (1998) p. 368</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2012" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Bill (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/killingkennedyen00orei_0"><i>Killing Kennedy</i></a></span>. New York: Henry Holt and Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/killingkennedyen00orei_0/page/302">302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805096668" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805096668"><bdi>978-0805096668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killing+Kennedy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0805096668&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkillingkennedyen00orei_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jfkfacts.org/reporters-tape-exposes-bill-oreillys-big-jfk-fib//">Investigator's tape exposes Bill O’Reilly's JFK fib</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311000000/http://jfkfacts.org/assassination/news/reporters-tape-exposes-bill-oreillys-jfk-fib/">Archived</a> March 11, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/videos/justice/2015/03/01/rs-sot-bill-oreilly-oswald-reporting-discrepancies.cnn/video/playlists/focus-on-the-media/">"Stelter: Audio tapes disprove O'Reilly's reporting"</a>. CNN. March 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stelter%3A+Audio+tapes+disprove+O%27Reilly%27s+reporting&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fjustice%2F2015%2F03%2F01%2Frs-sot-bill-oreilly-oswald-reporting-discrepancies.cnn%2Fvideo%2Fplaylists%2Ffocus-on-the-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot David</a>. <i>The Devil's Chessboard</i>, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2015), p. 533. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-227617-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-227617-9">978-0-06-227617-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Lawyer Says Texan Told Him Oswald Had Aid in '63 Plot". <i>The New York Times</i>. April 3, 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lawyer+Says+Texan+Told+Him+Oswald+Had+Aid+in+%2763+Plot&rft.date=1977-04-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Journalist tells of JFK Plots". <i>The Ledger</i>. Lakeland, Florida. April 4, 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ledger&rft.atitle=Journalist+tells+of+JFK+Plots&rft.date=1977-04-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1993-11-21-9311020601-story.html">"THE OSWALD CONNECTION"</a>. The Sun Sentinel. 21 November 1993<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+OSWALD+CONNECTION&rft.pub=The+Sun+Sentinel&rft.date=1993-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-1993-11-21-9311020601-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aarclibrary.org-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aarclibrary.org_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aarclibrary.org_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/pdf/HSCA_Vol12_deMohren.pdf">"HSCA Volume XII: George de Mohrenschildt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSCA+Volume+XII%3A+George+de+Mohrenschildt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aarclibrary.org%2Fpublib%2Fjfk%2Fhsca%2Freportvols%2Fvol12%2Fpdf%2FHSCA_Vol12_deMohren.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fonzi_1993_312–313-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fonzi_1993_312–313_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fonzi_1993_312–313_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonzi1993" class="citation book cs1">Fonzi, Gaeton (1993). <i>The Last Investigation</i>. 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New York: Bloomsbury Press. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59691-557-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59691-557-2"><bdi>978-1-59691-557-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+of+Secrets&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59691-557-2&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol6/html/HSCA_Vol6_0079a.htm">back of that print</a> at aarclibrary.org. This date was confirmed by de Mohrenschildt in his memoir, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/pdf/HSCA_Vol12_deMohren.pdf">pp. 254-262</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBugliosi2007795_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBugliosi2007">Bugliosi 2007</a>, p. 795.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol6/html/HSCA_Vol6_0077b.htm">"Assassination Archive and Research Center"</a>. <i>Aarclibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lee+Harvey+Oswald+as+I+Knew+Him&rft.pub=kansaspress.ku.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansaspress.ku.edu%2Fdemlee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412225753/http://www.papierentijger.org/index.php?page_id=17&show=news&news_id=118&style_id=0">"Willem Oltmans - Memoires Introductie"</a>. Papierentijger.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papierentijger.org/index.php?page_id=17&show=news&news_id=118&style_id=0">the original</a> on April 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willem+Oltmans+-+Memoires+Introductie&rft.pub=Papierentijger.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papierentijger.org%2Findex.php%3Fpage_id%3D17%26show%3Dnews%26news_id%3D118%26style_id%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugliosi2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bugliosi" title="Vincent Bugliosi">Bugliosi, Vincent</a> (2007), <i>Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F Kennedy</i>, WW Norton & Co, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07212-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07212-9"><bdi>978-0-393-07212-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+History%3A+The+Assassination+of+President+John+F+Kennedy&rft.pub=WW+Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07212-9&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+de+Mohrenschildt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bruce Campbell Adamson, <i>Oswald's closest friend : The George de Mohrenschildt story <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ciajfk.com/jfkbooks.html">http://ciajfk.com/jfkbooks.html</a></i> (14 volumes research supported by Congressman Leon Panetta, who would become CIA director in 1992).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Mohrenschildt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527044557/http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000600/images/index.html?seite=911">Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften: Estland</a> - Genealogy handbook of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic nobility">Baltic nobility</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scribblguy.50megs.com/patsy1.htm"><i>I Am A Patsy! I Am a Patsy</i></a>, de Mohrenschildt's draft memoir. This is a simple retyped version of roughly the first third of the manuscript appended to the HSCA report on de Mohrenschildt.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh9/html/WC_Vol9_0087b.htm">Testimony of George S. DeMohrenshildt, Warren Commission Hearings Vol.IX p.166ff. HTML</a> De Mohrenschildt's 118-page Warren Commission testimony, taken over two days, provides a great deal of biographical information on him, starting from earliest memories and aided in specifics and dates by many public documents available to the commission. (Also downloadable in PDF at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-matters.com/archive/contents/wc/contents_wh9.htm">WH9 Contents</a>.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol12/pdf/HSCA_Vol12_deMohren.pdf">HSCA Vol.12 deMohrenschildt</a> The <a href="/wiki/HSCA" class="mw-redirect" title="HSCA">HSCA</a> staff report on the by then deceased de Mohrenschildt. This includes analysis of his politics and useful insight into his government contacts. Appended is a photocopy of the full typescript of <i>I Am a Patsy! I Am a Patsy!</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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