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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic First Nations people in Quebec and Vermont</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historic Abenaki people. For the state-recognized tribe in Vermont, see <a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_Abenaki_Tribe" title="Missisquoi Abenaki Tribe">Missisquoi Abenaki Tribe</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Missiquoi</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">fewer than 2,101<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a><sup id="cite_ref-day149_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day149-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Abenaki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Abenaki language">Western Abenaki language</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">other <a href="/wiki/Western_Abenaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Abenaki">Western Abenaki</a> groups </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/300px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/450px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/600px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption>Missiquoi territory within the larger Western Abenaki territory</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Missiquoi</b> (or the <b>Missisquoi</b> or the <b>Sokoki</b>) were a historic band of <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a> from present-day southern <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and formerly northern <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a>-speaking group lived along the eastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> at the time of the European incursion. Today, they are part of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_des_Ab%C3%A9nakis_d%27Odanak" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil des Abénakis d'Odanak">Conseil des Abénakis d'Odanak</a>, a <a href="/wiki/First_Nation_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="First Nation in Quebec">First Nation in Quebec</a>. </p><p>Missiquoi is also the name of a 17th-century Abenaki village in northern Vermont,<sup id="cite_ref-day149_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day149-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which the sub-tribe was named. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Missisquoi</i> comes from <i>mazipskoiak</i> meaning "flint people," which comes from <i>mazipskoik</i> or "at the flint," meaning a <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a> quarry near what is now <a href="/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's also spelled <i>Missiassik</i> or <i>Masipskoik</i> a word that means "where there are many big rocks or boulder" in <a href="/wiki/Abenaki_language" title="Abenaki language">Abenaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to European contact, some Western Abenaki founded villages at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_River" title="Missisquoi River">Missisquoi River</a>. By the 17th century, Western Abenaki from across <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> consolidated into the main village at Missisquoi in northern <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, so historians began to use the term "Missisquoi tribe" for all <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a> Abenakis.<sup id="cite_ref-day149_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day149-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Sokoki</b> people, who had lived along the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>, founded Odanak, also known as the village of St. Francis in Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Western Abenakis, including those living along the <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack River</a> and the Champlain Valley, moved north to the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_River" title="Saint-François River">Saint-François River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec, Canada">Quebec, Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-day149_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day149-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they joined the local <a href="/wiki/Odanak" title="Odanak">Odanak</a> community of Abenaki people.<sup id="cite_ref-pf_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pf-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After enduring French and English colonists, the Missisquoi withdrew from areas of conflict during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-day151_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day151-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguist and historian Gordon M. Day wrote, "After this war, the Western Abenakis did not return to any of their former locations in force but rather united or reunited with their brethren at Saint Francis."<sup id="cite_ref-day151_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day151-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some held on to land claims in the United States and even collected rent.<sup id="cite_ref-day152_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day152-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1805, the British Crown deeded lands near Durham, Quebec, to Abenaki people who fled the American Revolutionary War; these lands became the Durham Reserve. By 1850, this group became part of the large St. Francis village (Odanak).<sup id="cite_ref-day152_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day152-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State-recognized_tribe">State-recognized tribe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: State-recognized tribe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/St._Francis-Sokoki_Band_of_the_Abenaki_Nation_of_Missisquoi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis-Sokoki Band of the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi">St. Francis-Sokoki Band of the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi</a> is <a href="/wiki/State-recognized" class="mw-redirect" title="State-recognized">state-recognized</a> by Vermont<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claim to be Missiquoi descendants. The group is based in <a href="/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group applied for but was denied <a href="/wiki/Federal_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal recognition">federal recognition</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American tribe">Native American tribe</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The summary of the proposed finding (PF) stated that "The SSA petitioner claims to have descended as a group mainly from a Western Abenaki Indian tribe, most specifically, the Missisquoi Indians" and went on to state: "However, the available evidence does not demonstrate that the petitioner or its claimed ancestors descended from the St. Francis Indians of Quebec, a Missiquoi Abenaki entity in Vermont, any other Western Abenaki group, or an Indian entity from New England or Canada. Instead, the PF concluded that the petitioner is a collection of individuals of claimed but undemonstrated Indian ancestry 'with little or no social or historical connection with each other before the early 1970's'...."<sup id="cite_ref-pf_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pf-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_River" title="Missisquoi River">Missisquoi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_County,_Quebec" title="Missisquoi County, Quebec">Missisquoi County, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge">Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brome%E2%80%94Missisquoi_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brome—Missisquoi (federal electoral district)">Brome—Missisquoi</a>, an electoral riding formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Missisquoi (federal electoral district)">Missisquoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brome-Missisquoi_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality, Quebec">Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Watertown" title="Treaty of Watertown">Treaty of Watertown</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caodanak.com/en/histoire/">"History: Today"</a>. <i>Conseil des Abénakis Odanak</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conseil+des+Ab%C3%A9nakis+Odanak&rft.atitle=History%3A+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaodanak.com%2Fen%2Fhistoire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-day149-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-day149_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-day149_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-day149_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-day149_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon M. Day, "Western Abenaki," page 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon M. Day, "Western Abenaki," page 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAleer1906" class="citation book cs1">McAleer, George (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KioTAAAAYAAJ"><i>A Study in the Etymology of the Indian Place Name Missisquoi</i></a>. Worcester, MA: Blanchard Press. p. 96<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Study+in+the+Etymology+of+the+Indian+Place+Name+Missisquoi&rft.place=Worcester%2C+MA&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Blanchard+Press&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=McAleer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKioTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon M. Day, "Western Abenaki," page 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pf-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pf_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pf_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/as-ia/ofa/petition/068_sfaben_VT/068_fd.pdf"><i>Summary under the Criteria and Evidence for Final Determination against Federal Acknowledgment of the St. Francis/Sokoki Band of Abenakis of Vermont</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs. 22 June 2007. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summary+under+the+Criteria+and+Evidence+for+Final+Determination+against+Federal+Acknowledgment+of+the+St.+Francis%2FSokoki+Band+of+Abenakis+of+Vermont&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Assistant+Secretary+%E2%80%93+Indian+Affairs&rft.date=2007-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fsites%2Fbia.gov%2Ffiles%2Fassets%2Fas-ia%2Fofa%2Fpetition%2F068_sfaben_VT%2F068_fd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-day151-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-day151_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-day151_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon M. Day, "Western Abenaki," page 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-day152-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-day152_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-day152_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon M. Day, "Western Abenaki," page 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx">"Federal and State Recognized Tribes"</a>. <i>National Conference of State Legislatures</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Conference+of+State+Legislatures&rft.atitle=Federal+and+State+Recognized+Tribes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsl.org%2Flegislators-staff%2Flegislators%2Fquad-caucus%2Flist-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://narf.org/nill/tribes/saint_francis_abenaki.html">"St. Francis/Sokoki Band of the Sovereign Republic of the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi (state recognized, Vermont)"</a>. <i>National Indian Law Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Indian+Law+Library&rft.atitle=St.+Francis%2FSokoki+Band+of+the+Sovereign+Republic+of+the+Abenaki+Nation+of+Missisquoi+%28state+recognized%2C+Vermont%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnarf.org%2Fnill%2Ftribes%2Fsaint_francis_abenaki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/ofa/068-sfaben-vt">"Petitioner #068: St. Francis/Sokoki Band of Abenakis of Vermont, VT"</a>. <i>Indian Affairs</i>. US Department of the Interior<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Petitioner+%23068%3A+St.+Francis%2FSokoki+Band+of+Abenakis+of+Vermont%2C+VT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fas-ia%2Fofa%2F068-sfaben-vt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay1978" class="citation book cs1">Day, Gordon M. (1978). "Western Abenaki". In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R-xGAAAAMAAJ&q=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians,+Volume++15:+Northeast"><i>Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15: Northeast</i></a>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 148–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0160045752" title="Special:BookSources/978-0160045752"><bdi>978-0160045752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Western+Abenaki&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%2C+Volume+15%3A+Northeast&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=148-59&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0160045752&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Gordon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR-xGAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHandbook%2Bof%2BNorth%2BAmerican%2BIndians%2C%2BVolume%2B%2B15%3A%2BNortheast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissiquoi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Waldman, Carl. <i>Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes</i> (New York: Checkmark Books, 2006) p. 1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caodanak.com/en/">Counseil des Abénakis d'Odanak</a>, official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abenakination.com/">Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi, Swanton, VT</a>, a state-recognized tribe</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/actsResolves/1869/1869acts0463.pdf">"An Act to enfranchise the Indians of the commonwealth."</a> Federal status / Provincial status</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&oldid=1223318498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missiquoi&oldid=1223318498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abenaki" title="Category:Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Algonquian_ethnonyms" title="Category:Algonquian ethnonyms">Algonquian ethnonyms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Quebec" title="Category:First Nations in Quebec">First Nations in Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tribes_in_Vermont" title="Category:Native American tribes in Vermont">Native American tribes in Vermont</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_history_of_Vermont" title="Category:Native American history of Vermont">Native American history of Vermont</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 May 2024, at 09:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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