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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas Southall Freeman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Douglas Southall Freeman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DSFreeman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Douglas Southall Freeman, c. 1916"><img alt="Douglas Southall Freeman, c. 1916" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/DSFreeman.jpg/220px-DSFreeman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/DSFreeman.jpg/330px-DSFreeman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/DSFreeman.jpg/440px-DSFreeman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="802" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Douglas Southall Freeman, c. 1916</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1886-05-16</span>)</span>May 16, 1886<br /><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">June 13, 1953<span style="display:none">(1953-06-13)</span> (aged 67)<br /><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Historian<br />Biographer<br /><a href="/wiki/Literary_editor" title="Literary editor">Newspaper editor</a><br />Author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">Richmond College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Inez Virginia Goddin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Mary Tyler Freeman<br />Anne Ballard Freeman<br />James Douglas Freeman</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Douglas Southall Freeman</b> (May 16, 1886 – June 13, 1953) was an American historian, biographer, newspaper editor, radio commentator, and author. He is best known for his multi-volume biographies of <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, for both of which he was awarded <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prizes">Pulitzer Prizes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas Southall Freeman was born May 16, 1886, in <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, to Bettie Allen Hamner and Walker Burford Freeman, an insurance agent who had served four years in <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a>. From childhood, Freeman exhibited an interest in Southern history. In Lynchburg, his family lived at 416 Main Street,<sup id="cite_ref-marker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near the home of <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> general <a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Jubal Early</a>. The family moved to the former Confederate capital of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, in 1892 at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">monument commemoration movement</a> that memorialized Virginia's Robert E. Lee, <a href="/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="J.E.B. Stuart">J.E.B. Stuart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_%22Stonewall%22_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson">Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, Freeman was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">A.B.</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">Richmond College</a>, where he had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Gamma_Delta" title="Phi Gamma Delta">Phi Gamma Delta</a> fraternity. In 1908, at the age of 22, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>. Unable to secure a position in academia, Freeman joined the staff of the <i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a></i> in 1909, and, in 1915, at the age of 29, he became editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Richmond_News_Leader" title="The Richmond News Leader">The Richmond News Leader</a></i>—a position he held for 34 years.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_career">Writing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lee's_Dispatches"><span id="Lee.27s_Dispatches"></span><i>Lee's Dispatches</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lee's Dispatches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911, when Freeman was 25 years old, he came into possession of a cache of long-lost wartime communications between Robert E. Lee and Confederate president <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>. Freeman spent four years working on the documents, and in 1915, he published <i>Lee's Dispatches</i>. The book was received enthusiastically by Civil War historians,<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it became an important primary source for Civil War scholars. </p><p>Written between June 2, 1862, and April 1, 1865, Lee's letters to Davis revealed the general's strategy with clearer perspective, shed new light on some of Lee's decisions, and underscored his close and always co-operative relationship with Davis. In his Introduction, Freeman summarized seven major revelations contained in the letters. For example, the letters reveal that the Confederate high command in 1862 considered but rejected a bold proposal to strengthen <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a>'s army in the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> and embark on a vigorous offensive campaign against the North, even at the expense of defending Richmond.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="R._E._Lee:_A_Biography"><i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: R. E. Lee: A Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the immediate critical success of <i>Lee's Dispatches</i>, Freeman was approached by New York publisher <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a> and invited to write a biography of Robert E. Lee. Freeman accepted but chose to retain his position at <i>The Richmond News Leader</i> and work longer days to work on the biography. </p><p>Freeman's research of Lee was exhaustive. He evaluated and cataloged every item about Lee, and he reviewed records at West Point and the War Department and material in private collections.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In narrating the general's Civil War years, he used what came to be known as the "<a href="/wiki/Fog_of_war" title="Fog of war">fog of war</a>" technique, providing readers only the limited information that Lee himself had at a given moment. That helped convey the confusion of war that Lee experienced as well as the processes by which Lee grappled with problems and made decisions. </p><p><i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i> was published in four volumes in 1934 and 1935. In its book review, <i>The New York Times</i> declared it "Lee complete for all time." Historian <a href="/wiki/Dumas_Malone" title="Dumas Malone">Dumas Malone</a> wrote, "Great as my personal expectations were, the realization far surpassed them." In 1935, Freeman was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for his four-volume biography.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taylor_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freeman's <i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i> established the Virginia School of Civil War scholarship, an approach to writing Civil War history that concentrated on the Eastern Theater of the war, focused the narrative on generals over the common soldier, centered the analysis on military campaigns over social and political events, and treated his Confederate subjects with sympathy. This approach to writing Civil War history would lead some critics to label Freeman a "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause</a>" historian, <sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a pejorative reference to a pseudohistorical apologist interpretation of the cause of the Civil War that deprecates the central role of slavery. Freeman began work on his biography of Lee in 1926; by the time he had completed his four volume work in 1933, he had committed some 6,100 hours to the effort.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Southall_Freeman,_elder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg/240px-Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg/360px-Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg/480px-Douglas_Southall_Freeman%2C_elder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Freeman in his latter years</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lee's_Lieutenants:_A_Study_in_Command"><span id="Lee.27s_Lieutenants:_A_Study_in_Command"></span><i>Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the critical success of <i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i>, Freeman expanded his study of the Confederacy with the three-volume <i><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Lieutenants" title="Lee's Lieutenants">Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command</a></i>, published in 1942, 1943, and 1944. It presents a unique combination of military strategy, biography, and Civil War history, and it shows how armies actually work. Published during World War II, it had a great influence on American military leaders and strategists. A few months after the conclusion of the war, Freeman was asked to join an official tour of American forces in Europe and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command</i> established Freeman as the preeminent military historian in the country, and led to close friendships with United States generals <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biography_of_George_Washington">Biography of George Washington</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biography of George Washington"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing his exhaustive studies of Lee, his generals, and the Confederate war effort, Freeman started work on a seven volume biography of George Washington. Applying the same approach of exhaustive research and writing narrative based on objective fact, Freeman completed the first two volumes, titled <i>Young Washington</i>, in 1948. The following year, he retired from journalism in order to complete his monumental work on Washington. </p><p><i>George Washington Volume 3: Planter and Patriot</i> and <i>George Washington Volume 4: Leader of the Revolution</i> were published in 1951. The following year, he published <i>George Washington Volume 5: Victory with the Help of France</i> (1952). Freeman completed work on <i>George Washington Volume 6: Patriot and President</i> just before he died; it was published after his death in 1954. The concluding book, <i>George Washington Volume 7: First in Peace</i>, was written by Freeman's associates, <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Carroll" title="John Alexander Carroll">John Alexander Carroll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wells_Ashworth" title="Mary Wells Ashworth">Mary Wells Ashworth</a>, based on Freeman's original research and was published in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian and George Washington biographer <a href="/wiki/John_E._Ferling" title="John E. Ferling">John E. Ferling</a> maintains that no other biography of Washington compares to that of Freeman's work.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newspaper,_radio,_and_teaching_careers"><span id="Newspaper.2C_radio.2C_and_teaching_careers"></span>Newspaper, radio, and teaching careers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Newspaper, radio, and teaching careers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freeman's considerable literary achievements have overshadowed his career as editor of <i>The Richmond News Leader</i>. Between 1915 and 1949, he wrote an estimated 600,000 words of editorial copy every year.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a national reputation among military scholars for his analyses of operations during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His editorials expressed a moderate approach to race relations, and in his editorials opposed the <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrd Organization">Byrd Organization</a>—a powerful statewide Democratic political machine run by United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Harry F. Byrd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freeman retired as editor of <i>The Richmond News Leader</i> on June 25, 1949. Years later, his obituary published in his former newspaper captured the scope of his editorial interests. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He must have written close to 600,000 words a year, campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a>, for abolition of the old City Administration Board, for repeal of the fee system, for establishment of the battlefield parks, for Richmond's new charter ... Among the legacies he left to us here on the paper were his "Seventy Rules for Good Writing" ... he put brevity just behind accuracy in his list of virtues.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In addition to his forty-year career in journalism, Freeman became one of the first radio analysts, in 1925. His twice-daily radio broadcasts helped make him one of the most influential men in Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1934 to 1941, he commuted weekly by air to New York City to teach journalism at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. He also taught as a lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a> for seven years,<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freeman's work ethic was legendary. Throughout his life, he kept a demanding schedule that allowed him to accomplish a great deal in his two full-time careers, as a journalist and as a historian. When at home, he rose at three every morning and drove to his newspaper office, saluting <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Monument_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)">Robert E. Lee's monument</a> on <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a> as he passed. Twice daily, he walked to a nearby radio studio, where he gave news broadcasts and discussed the day's news. After his second broadcast, he would drive home for a short nap and lunch and then worked another five or six hours on his current historical project, with classical music, frequently the work of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, playing in the background.<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnsonbiography-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freeman was a devout Baptist who prayed daily in the small chapel he built in his home. He acknowledged that his Christian faith played a central role throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnsonbiography-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freeman was also a Virginian, and described himself as "deeply rooted in the soil of old Virginia." He believed in the importance of continuity, even in personal geography, once writing, "I think the American people lose a large part of the joy of life because they do not live for generations in the same place."<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnsonbiography-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freeman believed in the importance of a character. His definition of leadership was, "Know your stuff, be a man, look after your men."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westbourne,_Richmond,_Virginia_-_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG/250px-Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG/375px-Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG/500px-Westbourne%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia_-_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westbourne_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Westbourne (Richmond, Virginia)">Westbourne</a>, home of Douglas Southall Freeman</figcaption></figure> <p>Freeman married Inez Virginia Goddin on February 5, 1914. They had three children: Mary Tyler, Anne Ballard, and James Douglas. Mary Tyler Freeman married Leslie Cheek, Jr., longtime director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and became a founder or influential officer of several important community organizations, as well as president of the Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family lived (and Freeman died) in a mansion he named <a href="/wiki/Westbourne_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Westbourne (Richmond, Virginia)">Westbourne</a> in Richmond's west end, a house listed (in 2000) in the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas Southall Freeman died of a heart attack on June 13, 1953, at his home in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, at the age of 67. On the morning of his death he had delivered his usual radio broadcast from Richmond. He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Cemetery_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)">Hollywood Cemetery</a> in Richmond.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freeman's newspaper editorials and daily radio broadcasts made him one of the most influential Virginians of his day, his analysis of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> military campaigns bringing him recognition throughout the country, especially in military circles. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> thanked him for suggesting the use of the term "liberation," rather than "invasion," of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military commanders such as Admiral <a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz" title="Chester W. Nimitz">Chester W. Nimitz</a> and Generals <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> sought his friendship and advice. Eisenhower said Freeman first convinced him to think seriously about running for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, Freeman was posthumously awarded his second <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for his seven-volume biography of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. In 1955, the Virginia Associated Press Broadcasters honored Freeman by creating the Douglas Southall Freeman Award for public service in radio journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a> is more critical of Freeman, whose biography of Lee Foner calls a "<a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a>," criticizing its lack of nuance and the limited attention paid to Lee's relationship to slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Dew" title="Charles B. Dew">Charles B. Dew</a> wrote that Freeman's "magisterial" <i>Lee's Lieutenants</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a> magazine, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facts_the_Historians_Leave_Out:_A_Youth%27s_Confederate_Primer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Facts the Historians Leave Out: A Youth's Confederate Primer (page does not exist)">Facts the Historians Leave Out: A Youth's Confederate Primer</a></i> by John S. Tilley were crucial titles in his adolescent indoctrination into the mainstream white Southern worldview of the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, some students and faculty at the University of Richmond, where Freeman served as Rector for seven years, criticized the University board of trustees for refusing to remove Freeman's name from a campus building, although he had "supported racial segregation, opposed interracial marriage and promoted racist concepts underlying the eugenics movement." The "greatest inheritance," Freeman once said, was "clean blood, right-thinking ancestry."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1935 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for <i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i> (4 volumes)</li> <li>1951 best news commentary over larger radio stations from Virginia Associated Press Broadcasters<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1958 Pulitzer Prize (posthumous) for <i>George Washington: A Biography</i> (6 volumes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_S._Freeman_High_School" title="Douglas S. Freeman High School">Douglas S. Freeman High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a> named in his honor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> Freeman Hall named in his honor</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.markerhistory.com/douglas-southall-freeman-marker-q-6-17/">Virginia Historical Marker Q-6-17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718001349/http://www.markerhistory.com/douglas-southall-freeman-marker-q-6-17/">Archived</a> July 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, located on Rivermont Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, commemorates Freeman's life and work<sup id="cite_ref-marker_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Calendar of Confederate Papers</i> (1908)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee_s_Dispatches.html?id=3olzU8kFWtsC&hl=en"><i>Lee's Dispatches to Jefferson Davis, 1862–1865</i> (1915)</a></li> <li><i>R. E. Lee: A Biography</i> (4 volumes) (1934–1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/R_E_Lee.html?id=-ukWAQAAIAAJ&hl=en">vol. 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/R_E_Lee.html?id=-Z0uAAAAIAAJ">vol. 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/R_E_Lee.html?id=l8JkPwAACAAJ">vol. 3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/R_E_Lee.html?id=EHd2AAAAMAAJ">vol. 4</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee.html?id=TtKJl2l72PYC">abridged version by Richard Harwell</a></li> <li><i>The Cornerstones of Stratford: Address at the Dedication of Stratford, October 12, 1935</i> (1935)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_South_to_Posterity.html?id=OnSjlV8-fsUC"><i>The South to Posterity: An Introduction to the Writings of Confederate History</i> (1939)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee_s_Lieutenants_Manassas_to_Malvern_Hi.html?id=rqbWAAAAMAAJ"><i>Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command Volume 1: Manassas to Malvern Hill</i> (abridged ed. by Stephen W. Sears)</a> (1942)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/457156">457156</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee_s_lieutenants.html?id=5nUKAQAAIAAJ&hl=en"><i>Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command Volume 2: Cedar Mountain to Chancellorsville</i></a> (1943)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/457156">457156</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee_s_Lieutenants.html?id=MT8rAQAAIAAJ"><i>Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command Volume 3: Gettysburg to Appomattox</i></a> (1944)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/457156">457156</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Washington.html?id=7hWBcg2iLooC"><i>George Washington Volume 1: Young Washington</i> (1948)</a></li> <li><i>George Washington Volume 2: Young Washington</i> (1948)</li> <li><i>George Washington Volume 3: Planter and Patriot</i> (1951)</li> <li><i>George Washington Volume 4: Leader of the Revolution</i> (1951)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/George_Washington_a_biography.html?id=RYYOAQAAMAAJ"><i>George Washington Volume 5: Victory with the Help of France</i> (1952)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malone" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Douglas Southall; Malone, Dumas (1954). Carroll, John Alexander; Ashworth, Mary Wells (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55QTAAAAIAAJ"><i>George Washington, a Biography: Patriot and President</i></a>. Vol. 6. Scribner & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Washington%2C+a+Biography%3A+Patriot+and+President&rft.pub=Scribner+%26+Sons&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Southall&rft.au=Malone%2C+Dumas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55QTAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>George Washington Volume 7: First in Peace</i> (1957, by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth, based on Freeman's original research)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ferling" class="citation book cs1">Ferling E., John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lyjjEsqlqo0C"><i>Almost a Miracle</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1997-5847-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1997-5847-0"><bdi>978-0-1997-5847-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almost+a+Miracle&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-1997-5847-0&rft.aulast=Ferling+E.&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlyjjEsqlqo0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-johnson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Freeman_Douglas_Southall_1886-1953">"Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953)"</a>. Encyclopedia Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+Southall+Freeman+%281886%E2%80%931953%29&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org%2FFreeman_Douglas_Southall_1886-1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marker-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marker_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marker_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718001349/http://www.markerhistory.com/douglas-southall-freeman-marker-q-6-17/">"Douglas Southall Freeman Marker Q-6-17"</a>. Marker History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.markerhistory.com/douglas-southall-freeman-marker-q-6-17/">the original</a> on July 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+Southall+Freeman+Marker+Q-6-17&rft.pub=Marker+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.markerhistory.com%2Fdouglas-southall-freeman-marker-q-6-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freeman, Douglas Southall. Introduction in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Lee_s_dispatches.html?id=k4B66r_9VhcC">Lee's Dispatches</a></i>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1915, pp. iii–xxxviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, John M. "Lee's biographer is a story himself; Richmond News Leader editor's books extensively documented" in <i>The Washington Times</i>, July 2, 1927. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-1900601/Lee-s-biographer-is-a.html">Goliath</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#malone">Freeman, Malone, 1954</a>, p. xviii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mullen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mullen_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullen" class="citation web cs1">Mullen, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1647_282/ai_100605231">"America's Greatest Biographer: Douglas Southall Freeman"</a>. Contemporary Review (Resource Library)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+Greatest+Biographer%3A+Douglas+Southall+Freeman&rft.pub=Contemporary+Review+%28Resource+Library%29&rft.aulast=Mullen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m2242%2Fis_1647_282%2Fai_100605231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#malone">Freeman, Malone, 1954</a>, pp. xi–xxxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ferling">Ferling, John E.</a>, p. 654</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/viu03373.document">"A Guide to the Douglas Southall Freeman Papers 1900–1955"</a>. University of Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Douglas+Southall+Freeman+Papers+1900%E2%80%931955&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fead.lib.virginia.edu%2Fvivaead%2Fpublished%2Fuva-sc%2Fviu03373.document&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnsonbiography-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnsonbiography_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, David. <i>Douglas Southall Freeman</i>. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Co., 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFryer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Fryer, Bronwyn (March 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2008/03/timeless-leadership">"Timeless Leadership"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=Timeless+Leadership&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.aulast=Fryer&rft.aufirst=Bronwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F2008%2F03%2Ftimeless-leadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/vawomen/2006/mcclenahan.htm">"Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan"</a>. Library of Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Tyler+Freeman+Cheek+McClenahan&rft.pub=Library+of+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lva.virginia.gov%2Fpublic%2Fvawomen%2F2006%2Fmcclenahan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Register of Historic Places, Registration Form (PDF) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-5822_Westbourne_2000_Final_Nomination.pdf">http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-5822_Westbourne_2000_Final_Nomination.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927042346/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-5822_Westbourne_2000_Final_Nomination.pdf">Archived</a> September 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#malone">Freeman, Malone, 1954</a>, p. xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown1948" class="citation news cs1">Unknown (October 18, 1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111014234/http://dosomefink.com/phpbb2/index.php?topic=2453.0%3Bwap2">"The Virginians: Douglas Southall Freeman, Washington, and Lee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1948/1101481018_400.jpg">the original</a> on November 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Virginians%3A+Douglas+Southall+Freeman%2C+Washington%2C+and+Lee&rft.date=1948-10-18&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.timeinc.net%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2Fcovers%2F1948%2F1101481018_400.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/broadcastingtele49unse_0#page/n836/mode/1up">"Va. AP Honors WRNL, WSVS For Public Service in Radio"</a>. Broadcasting. November 14, 1955<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Va.+AP+Honors+WRNL%2C+WSVS+For+Public+Service+in+Radio&rft.date=1955-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbroadcastingtele49unse_0%23page%2Fn836%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner2017" class="citation news cs1">Foner, Eric (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/books/review/eric-foner-robert-e-lee.html">"The Making and the Breaking of the Legend of Robert E. Lee"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Making+and+the+Breaking+of+the+Legend+of+Robert+E.+Lee&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F28%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Feric-foner-robert-e-lee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/03/25/university-richmond-ryland-freeman-buildings/">"Uproar erupts at U. of Richmond over building names with ties to racism"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Uproar+erupts+at+U.+of+Richmond+over+building+names+with+ties+to+racism&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Feducation%2F2021%2F03%2F25%2Funiversity-richmond-ryland-freeman-buildings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2043069/wrnl1951_news_awards">"Douglas S. Freeman Wins Award For News Commentary"</a>. <i>Kingsport News</i>. Kingsport News. April 6, 1951. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kingsport+News&rft.atitle=Douglas+S.+Freeman+Wins+Award+For+News+Commentary&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1951-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F2043069%2Fwrnl1951_news_awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Calendar_of_Confederate_Papers_with_a.html?id=cplYAAAAMAAJ&hl=en">books.google.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.librarything.com/author/freemandouglassoutha&all=1">"Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953)"</a>. Library Thing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+Southall+Freeman+%281886%E2%80%931953%29&rft.pub=Library+Thing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.librarything.com%2Fauthor%2Ffreemandouglassoutha%26all%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Southall+Freeman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cheek, Mary Tyler Freeman. "Reflections" in <i>Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</i> 1986 94(1): 25–39. ISSN 0042-6636.</li> <li>Dickson, Keith D. <i>Sustaining Southern Identity: Douglas Southall Freeman and Memory in the Modern South.</i> Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-807-14005-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-807-14005-8">0-807-14005-8</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/756704107">756704107</a></li> <li>Freeman, Douglas Southall. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/People/Robert_E_Lee/FREREL/home.html">R. E. Lee: A Biography</a></i> (4 volumes). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934.</li> <li>Johnson, David E. <i>Douglas Southall Freeman</i>. Pelican Publishing, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58980-021-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58980-021-2">978-1-58980-021-2</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Stuart W. <i>Douglas Southall Freeman on Leadership</i>. White Mane, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-942597-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-942597-48-6">978-0-942597-48-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography_(1926–1950)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</a> (1926–1950)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cushing" title="Harvey Cushing">Harvey Cushing</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Holloway" title="Emory Holloway">Emory Holloway</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Russell" title="Charles Edward Russell">Charles Edward Russell</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_J._Hendrick" title="Burton J. Hendrick">Burton J. Hendrick</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_James" title="Marquis James">Marquis James</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_James_(biographer)" title="Henry James (biographer)">Henry James</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Pringle" title="Henry F. Pringle">Henry F. Pringle</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Nevins" title="Allan Nevins">Allan Nevins</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Dennett" title="Tyler Dennett">Tyler Dennett</a> (1934)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas Southall Freeman</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Barton_Perry" title="Ralph Barton Perry">Ralph Barton Perry</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Nevins" title="Allan Nevins">Allan Nevins</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odell_Shepard" title="Odell Shepard">Odell Shepard</a>/<a href="/wiki/Marquis_James" title="Marquis James">Marquis James</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Doren" title="Carl Van Doren">Carl Van Doren</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Stannard_Baker" title="Ray Stannard Baker">Ray Stannard Baker</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Elizabeth_Winslow" title="Ola Elizabeth Winslow">Ola Elizabeth Winslow</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Wilson" title="Forrest Wilson">Forrest Wilson</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_Mabee" title="Carleton Mabee">Carleton Mabee</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_B._Nye" title="Russel B. Nye">Russel Blaine Nye</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnie_Marsh_Wolfe" title="Linnie Marsh Wolfe">Linnie Marsh Wolfe</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Clapp" title="Margaret Clapp">Margaret Clapp</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Flagg_Bemis" title="Samuel Flagg Bemis">Samuel Flagg Bemis</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors">Complete list</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1917%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1917–1925">1917–1925</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950">1926–1950</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975">1951–1975</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1976–2000">1976–2000</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography_(1951–1975)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography_(1951–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</a> (1951–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Coit" title="Margaret Coit">Margaret Louise Coit</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlo_J._Pusey" title="Merlo J. Pusey">Merlo J. Pusey</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Mays" title="David J. Mays">David J. Mays</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles A. Lindbergh</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._White" title="William S. White">William S. White</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Hamlin" title="Talbot Hamlin">Talbot Faulkner Hamlin</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1957)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas Southall Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Carroll" title="John Alexander Carroll">John Alexander Carroll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wells_Ashworth" title="Mary Wells Ashworth">Mary Wells Ashworth</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Walworth" title="Arthur Walworth">Arthur Walworth</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Herbert_Donald" title="David Herbert Donald">David Donald</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Jackson_Bate" title="Walter Jackson Bate">Walter Jackson Bate</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Samuels" title="Ernest Samuels">Ernest Samuels</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Kaplan" title="Justin Kaplan">Justin Kaplan</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George Frost Kennan</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lawrence_Reid" title="Benjamin Lawrence Reid">Benjamin Lawrence Reid</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">Thomas Harry Williams</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrance_Thompson" title="Lawrance Thompson">Lawrance Thompson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Lash" title="Joseph P. Lash">Joseph P. Lash</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Swanberg" title="W. A. Swanberg">W. A. Swanberg</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sheaffer" title="Louis Sheaffer">Louis Sheaffer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Robert Caro</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors">Complete list</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1917%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1917–1925">1917–1925</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950">1926–1950</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975">1951–1975</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1976–2000">1976–2000</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451929#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109148237">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72321077">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/8721/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyMkp6KRGrgDvtCxCxdQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124216552">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50026291">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20100614004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068622791">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Freeman, Douglas Southall, 1886-1953"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000238613&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810670059605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278363305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14828530">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/826966">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124216552">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069455996">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/12060345">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vd764n">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&oldid=1246598990">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Southall_Freeman&oldid=1246598990</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1886_births" title="Category:1886 births">1886 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1953_deaths" title="Category:1953 deaths">1953 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Category:Writers from Lynchburg, Virginia">Writers from Lynchburg, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_biographers" title="Category:20th-century American biographers">20th-century American biographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_biographers" title="Category:American male biographers">American male 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