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vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Mather</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 65 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="جون ماثر — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون ماثر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="جون ماثر (عالم فيزياء فلكيه من امريكا) — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ماثر (عالم فيزياء فلكيه من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جان ماتر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان ماتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джон Кромвел Мазер — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Кромвел Мазер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джон Мадър — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Мадър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জন সি. ম্যাথার — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন সি. ম্যাথার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Mather" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جان ماتر — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان ماتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%AA%27%D7%A8" title="ג'ון מאת'ר — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון מאת'ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0" title="जॉन सी मैथर — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन सी मैथर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ջոն Քրոմվել Մադեր — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Քրոմվել Մադեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC" title="ジョン・C・マザー — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・C・マザー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_C._%EB%A7%A4%EB%8D%94" title="존 C. 매더 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 C. 매더" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_C._Mather" title="Ioannes C. Mather — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џон Мадер — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Мадер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0" title="जॉन सी. माथर — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉन सी. माथर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جان ماتر — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جان ماتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0" title="जोह्न सी म्याथर — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जोह्न सी म्याथर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Mather" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="جان ماتھر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جان ماتھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Мазер, Джон (физик) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мазер, Джон (физик)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Cromwell Mather" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A._%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џон К. Мадер — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон К. Мадер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Mather" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜான் மேத்தர் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜான் மேத்தர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จอห์น ครอมเวล เมเทอร์ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอห์น ครอมเวล เมเทอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Mather" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Җон Мәзер — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җон Мәзер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джон Мазер — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Мазер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="جان سی مادر — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جان سی مادر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%91%9F" title="约翰·马瑟 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·马瑟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%91%9F" title="约翰·马瑟 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·马瑟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John C. Mather" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E9%A6%AC%E7%91%9F" title="莊馬瑟 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莊馬瑟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104651#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:John_Mather" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Mather"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/John_Mather" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/John_Mather" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&oldid=68891100" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=John_Mather&id=68891100&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Mather"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Mather"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=John+Mather"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=John_Mather&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class=""><span style="color:blue;">John Mather</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" title="Medalha Nobel"><img alt="Medalha Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:John-C-Mather.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Mather"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/John-C-Mather.jpg/200px-John-C-Mather.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/John-C-Mather.jpg/300px-John-C-Mather.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/John-C-Mather.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>John Mather</figcaption></figure></div>John C. Mather na <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">John Cromwell Mather<br /><a href="/wiki/7_de_agosto#Nascimentos" title="7 de agosto">7 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> (78 anos)<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Roanoke (Virgínia)">Roanoke</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">Estadunidense</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore College</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_Berkeley" title="Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley">Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B4nomo" title="Astrônomo">astrônomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, astrofísico, <a href="/wiki/Pesquisador" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesquisador">pesquisador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Rumford" title="Prêmio Rumford">Prêmio Rumford</a> (1996)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Medalha Benjamin Franklin">Medalha Benjamin Franklin</a> (1999)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Gruber_de_Cosmologia" title="Prêmio Gruber de Cosmologia">Prêmio Gruber de Cosmologia</a> (2006)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> (2006)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Universidade de Maryland">Universidade de Maryland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">Astrofísica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia">cosmologia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104651" class="extiw" title="d:Q104651">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Cromwell Mather</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roanoke_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Roanoke (Virgínia)">Roanoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/7_de_agosto" title="7 de agosto">7 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>) é um <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofisico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia">cosmólogo</a> <a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a>. </p><p>É <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísico</a> da <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, no <i>Goddard Space Flight Center</i>, em <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. Em 2006 recebeu o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a>, juntamente com <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a>, pela descoberta da forma de <a href="/wiki/Corpo_negro" title="Corpo negro">corpos negros</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Anisotropia" title="Anisotropia">anisotropia</a> da <a href="/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_c%C3%B3smica_de_fundo" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiação cósmica de fundo">radiação cósmica de fundo</a>, trabalho fundamental para consolidar a teoria do <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graduações"><span id="Gradua.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Graduações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Graduações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Graduações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1968 - <i>Bachelor of Arts</i> (Física), <a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore College</a></li> <li>1974 - <i>Doctor of Philosophy</i> (Física), <a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_Berkeley" title="Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley">Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2006/">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 2006»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mather&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+F%C3sica+2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F2006%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/staff/CVs/John.Mather/">«Biografia»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mather&rft.btitle=Biografia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fstaff%2FCVs%2FJohn.Mather%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://128.3.7.51/Science-Articles/Archive/Phys-Gruber-Prize-2006.html">«Artigo no Berkeley Lab»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mather&rft.btitle=Artigo+no+Berkeley+Lab&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F128.3.7.51%2FScience-Articles%2FArchive%2FPhys-Gruber-Prize-2006.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">John Lewis Hall</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></b><br />2006<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin_(1998_—_2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Predefinição:Medalha Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Benjamin Franklin (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin_(1998_—_2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Medalha Benjamin Franklin">Medalha Benjamin Franklin (1998 — 2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Desurvire" title="Emmanuel Desurvire">Emmanuel Desurvire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Robert Betts Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neil_Payne" title="David Neil Payne">David Neil Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Daniel Chee Tsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaminsky" title="Walter Kaminsky">Walter Kaminsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_W._Shorthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard W. Shorthill (página não existe)">Richard W. Shorthill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Tonomura" title="Akira Tonomura">Akira Tonomura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Vali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Vali (página não existe)">Victor Vali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke" title="John Cocke">John Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Danby" title="Gordon Danby">Gordon Danby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eville_Gorham" title="Eville Gorham">Eville Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_%C3%89mile_Henry_Labeyrie" title="Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie">Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Powell" title="James R. Powell">James R. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Alan Guth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Van_der_Voo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rob Van der Voo (página não existe)">Rob Van der Voo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Widrow" title="Bernard Widrow">Bernard Widrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Allinger" title="Norman Allinger">Norman Allinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary-Dell_Chilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary-Dell Chilton (página não existe)">Mary-Dell Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Navrotsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Navrotsky (página não existe)">Alexandra Navrotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucy_Suchman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucy Suchman (página não existe)">Lucy Suchman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishnu_S._Atal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bishnu S. Atal (página não existe)">Bishnu S. Atal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall" title="John Norris Bahcall">John Norris Bahcall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_M._Hochstrasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin M. Hochstrasser (página não existe)">Robin M. Hochstrasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a>*<a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_A._Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman A. Phillips (página não existe)">Norman A. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Smagorinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Smagorinsky (página não existe)">Joseph Smagorinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Thornton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Thornton (página não existe)">Charles H. Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Bacon_(engenheiro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Bacon (engenheiro) (página não existe)">Roger Bacon (engenheiro)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Barkus_Gray" title="Harry Barkus Gray">Harry Barkus Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Meyer (página não existe)">Robert B. Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Newnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Newnham (página não existe)">Robert E. Newnham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aravind_Joshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aravind Joshi (página não existe)">Aravind Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yōichirō Nambu (página não existe)">Yōichirō Nambu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_R._Vail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter R. Vail (página não existe)">Peter R. Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_J._Viterbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew J. Viterbi (página não existe)">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Clough" title="Ray Clough">Ray Clough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Danishefsky" title="Samuel Danishefsky">Samuel Danishefsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_Bergere_Leopold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna Bergere Leopold (página não existe)">Luna Bergere Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Nottebohm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Nottebohm (página não existe)">Fernando Nottebohm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacinto_Scoles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacinto Scoles (página não existe)">Giacinto Scoles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Peter_Toennies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Peter Toennies (página não existe)">Jan Peter Toennies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Gordon_Wolman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Gordon Wolman (página não existe)">M. Gordon Wolman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Biemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Biemann (página não existe)">Klaus Biemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard">Robert H. Dennard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merton_C._Flemings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merton C. Flemings (página não existe)">Merton C. Flemings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">Arthur Bruce McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Squyres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Squyres (página não existe)">Steve Squyres</a>*<a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C5%8Dji_Totsuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yōji Totsuka (página não existe)">Yōji Totsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_S._Wexler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy S. Wexler (página não existe)">Nancy S. Wexler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baulcombe" title="David Baulcombe">David Baulcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Smith_Broecker" title="Wallace Smith Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Eschenmoser" title="Albert Eschenmoser">Albert Eschenmoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Jin" title="Deborah Jin">Deborah Jin</a>*<a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arun_Phadke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arun Phadke (página não existe)">Arun Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Thorp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Thorp (página não existe)">James Thorp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruzena_Bajcsy" title="Ruzena Bajcsy">Ruzena Bajcsy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Benkovic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Benkovic (página não existe)">Stephen Benkovic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Grassle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Grassle (página não existe)">Frederick Grassle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Robbins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Robbins (página não existe)">Richard J. Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitesides" title="George Whitesides">George Whitesides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotfi_Zadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotfi Zadeh (página não existe)">Lotfi Zadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafrira_Goldwasser" title="Shafrira Goldwasser">Shafrira Goldwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Nowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Nowell (página não existe)">Peter Nowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Sessler" title="Gerhard Sessler">Gerhard Sessler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Spalding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Spalding (página não existe)">Brian Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. West (página não existe)">James E. West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Nicola Cabibbo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_R._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John R. Anderson (página não existe)">John R. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jillian_F._Banfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jillian F. Banfield (página não existe)">Jillian F. Banfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Kamen" title="Dean Kamen">Dean Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriacos_Costa_Nicolaou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou (página não existe)">Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vapnik" title="Vladimir Vapnik">Vladimir Vapnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Stone_Mosley-Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Stone Mosley-Thompson (página não existe)">Ellen Stone Mosley-Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Carroll" title="Sean Carroll">Sean Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nelson_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="Jerry Nelson (astrônomo)">Jerry Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Sunyaev" title="Rashid Sunyaev">Rashid Sunyaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hashin" title="Zvi Hashin">Zvi Hashin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Labov" title="William Labov">William Labov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Berner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Berner (página não existe)">Robert A. Berner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalgarno" title="Alexander Dalgarno">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunichi_Kawasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunichi Kawasaki (página não existe)">Shunichi Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Thomas_Walsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Thomas Walsh (página não existe)">Christopher Thomas Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kryder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Kryder (página não existe)">Mark Kryder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Tauxe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisa Tauxe (página não existe)">Lisa Tauxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hasan_Nayfeh" title="Ali Hasan Nayfeh">Ali Hasan Nayfeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lippard" title="Stephen Lippard">Stephen Lippard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoucheng_Zhang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoucheng Zhang (página não existe)">Shoucheng Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Harrington (página não existe)">Roger Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_J._Mele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene J. Mele (página não existe)">Eugene J. Mele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elissa_Newport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elissa Newport (página não existe)">Elissa Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lewis_Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lewis Kane (página não existe)">Charles Lewis Kane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadrian_Seeman" title="Nadrian Seeman">Nadrian Seeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Patt" title="Yale Patt">Yale Patt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Atwater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Atwater (página não existe)">Brian Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Wolf_Golomb" title="Solomon Wolf Golomb">Solomon Wolf Golomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsuo_Sawamoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsuo Sawamoto (página não existe)">Mitsuo Sawamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner" title="Michael Posner">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Cecil_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Cecil Wallace (página não existe)">Douglas Cecil Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Cohen" title="Marvin Cohen">Marvin Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">John Bannister Goodenough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn" title="Robert Kahn">Robert Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Trumbore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Trumbore (página não existe)">Susan Trumbore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manijeh_Razeghi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manijeh Razeghi (página não existe)">Manijeh Razeghi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Bejan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Bejan (página não existe)">Adrian Bejan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yablonovitch" title="Eli Yablonovitch">Eli Yablonovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene Likens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcia Johnson (página não existe)">Marcia Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Allison" title="James Patrick Allison">James Patrick Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashley_Rogers" title="John Ashley Rogers">John Ashley Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i>Não houve a premiação devido à <a href="/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19">pandemia de COVID-19</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Car" title="Roberto Car">Roberto Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Parrinello" title="Michele Parrinello">Michele Parrinello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Kapteyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Kapteyn (página não existe)">Henry Kapteyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Murnane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Murnane (página não existe)">Margaret Murnane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Nathans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Nathans (página não existe)">Jeremy Nathans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Daniel_Mote_Jr." title="Clayton Daniel Mote Jr.">Clayton Daniel Mote Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monica_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monica Turner (página não existe)">Monica Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Partee" title="Barbara Partee">Barbara Partee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunihiko_Fukushima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunihiko Fukushima (página não existe)">Kunihiko Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Levinson" title="Arthur Levinson">Arthur Levinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheldon_Weinbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheldon Weinbaum (página não existe)">Sheldon Weinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Robinson" title="Carol Robinson">Carol Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russel_Dupuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russel Dupuis (página não existe)">Russel Dupuis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._Daniel_Dapkus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. Daniel Dapkus (página não existe)">P. Daniel Dapkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Stone" title="Ed Stone">Ed Stone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Física" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Física (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Física" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_von_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Siegbahn" title="Karl Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illia_Mikhailovich_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Illia Mikhailovich Frank">Frank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Yevgenyevich_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Segrè</a> e <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolay_Basov" title="Nicolay Basov">Basov</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prokhorov" title="Aleksandr Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" title="Leo James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">J. H. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Neville_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Neville Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Glenwood_Shull" title="Clifford Glenwood Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Hooft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2024</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> e <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber|</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mather</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Masukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smith" title="George Smith">G. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> e <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> e <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureados_com_o_Prêmio_Nobel_de_2006" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2006" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2006"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Laureados com o Nobel de 2006 (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2006&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureados_com_o_Prêmio_Nobel_de_2006" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureados com o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Prêmio Nobel">Prêmio Nobel</a> de 2006</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Nobel de Física">Física</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John C. Mather</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Prêmio Nobel de Química">Química</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" title="Prémio Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Fisiologia ou Medicina</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prêmio Nobel de Literatura">Literatura</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_da_Paz" title="Prêmio Nobel da Paz">Paz</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Ciências Econômicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund Phelps</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040788">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel" title="Laureados com o Nobel">Laureados com o Nobel</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2001 (página não existe)">2001</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2002 (página não existe)">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2003 (página não existe)">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2004 (página não existe)">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2005 (página não existe)">2005</a></dd> <dd><b>2006 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2007 (página não existe)">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2008 (página não existe)">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2009 (página não existe)">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2010 (página não existe)">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:Laureados com o Nobel de 2011 (página não existe)">2011</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/30px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/60px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físico(a)</a> é um <a 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Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Mather&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/277964797/">277964797</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90957111">90957111</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16208407s">16208407s</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2155438">2155438</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00705924">DA00705924</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Mather">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1483687">1483687</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span 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class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p164258418">164258418</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n2021000473">n2021000473</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-0078">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/071625542">071625542</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/john-cromwell-mather">john-cromwell-mather</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Austrália">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/924120">924120</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Polónia">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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