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<span>Livros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relatórios_técnicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relatórios_técnicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Relatórios técnicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relatórios_técnicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georges Charpak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 70 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جورج تشارباك — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج تشارباك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جورج تشارباك — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج تشارباك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جورج چرپک — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جورج چرپک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="জর্জ শার্পাক — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জ শার্পাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جۆرجس چارپاک — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆرجس چارپاک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B6_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Ζωρζ Σαρπάκ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωρζ Σαρπάκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جرج چرپک — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج چرپک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%96%27_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A7" title="ז'ורז' שרפק — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ורז' שרפק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="ज्योर्जेस चर्पाक — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्योर्जेस चर्पाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AA_%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ժորժ Շարպակ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժորժ Շարպակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF" title="ジョルジュ・シャルパク — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョルジュ・シャルパク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8C%8C%ED%81%AC" title="조르주 샤르파크 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조르주 샤르파크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Charpak" title="Georgius Charpak — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Charpak" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDor%C5%BEs_%C5%A0arpaks" title="Žoržs Šarpaks — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žoržs Šarpaks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="जॉर्जेस चार्पाक — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉर्जेस चार्पाक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — maltês" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جورج چرپک — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جورج چرپک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" title="ज्योर्जेस चार्पक — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्योर्जेस चार्पक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جارجس چارپک — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارجس چارپک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Шарпак, Жорж — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шарпак, Жорж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Георгій Харпак — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Георгій Харпак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جیرج چارپک — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیرج چارپک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B" title="乔治·夏帕克 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治·夏帕克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B" title="乔治·夏帕克 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔治·夏帕克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q153178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class=""><span style="color:blue;">Georges Charpak</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" title="Medalha Nobel"><img alt="Medalha Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Charpak"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg/200px-CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg/300px-CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg/400px-CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>Georges Charpak</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Inventor da <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_proporcional_multifios" title="Câmara proporcional multifios">câmara proporcional multifios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/1_de_agosto#Nascimentos" title="1 de agosto">1 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dubrovytsia" title="Dubrovytsia">Dąbrowica</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/29_de_setembro" title="29 de setembro">29 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> (86 anos)</span><br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Franceses" title="Franceses">Francês</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">França, Polónia </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cônjuge </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Dominique Vidal </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Filho(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Nathalie Charpak </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Irmão(ã)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">André Charpak </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Saint-Louis" title="Lycée Saint-Louis">Lycée Saint-Louis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mines_ParisTech" title="Mines ParisTech">Mines ParisTech</a></li><li>École de Physique des Houches</li><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Paris" title="Universidade de Paris">Universidade de Paris</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, membro da Resistência Francesa, <a href="/wiki/Pesquisador" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesquisador">pesquisador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_F%C3%ADsica_de_Alta_Energia_e_Part%C3%ADculas" title="Prêmio Física de Alta Energia e Partículas">Prêmio Física de Alta Energia e Partículas</a> (1989)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> (1992)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_para_a_Investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nuclear" title="Organização Europeia para a Investigação Nuclear">Organização Europeia para a Investigação Nuclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_para_a_Investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nuclear" title="Organização Europeia para a Investigação Nuclear">CERN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178" class="extiw" title="d:Q153178">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Georges Charpak</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dubrovytsia" title="Dubrovytsia">Dąbrowica</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_de_agosto" title="1 de agosto">1 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> — <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/29_de_setembro" title="29 de setembro">29 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-GC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GC-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> foi um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a> <a href="/wiki/Franceses" title="Franceses">francês</a> nascido em Dąbrowica, <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polônia">Polônia</a>, hoje Dubrovytsia, <a href="/wiki/Ucr%C3%A2nia" title="Ucrânia">Ucrânia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Georges Charpak tinha 7 anos quando a sua família emigrou para a França. Entrou na resistência interior francesa em 1941, durante a <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. Desde os 15 anos de idade tornou-se um militante antifascista, aderindo à juventude comunista. </p><p>Em 1943 foi preso e internado no centro de detenção de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eysses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eysses (página não existe)">Eysses</a>, antes de ser deportado no <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_concentra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Campo de concentração">campo de concentração</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dachau" title="Dachau">Dachau</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, onde ficou um ano. Explicou haver sido liberado por ser <a href="/wiki/Poliglota" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliglota">poliglota</a>. </p><p>Adquiriu a nacionalidade francesa em 1946. </p><p>Após estudar no Liceu Joffre, em <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, e depois em classes preparatórias para as <i><a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">grandes écoles</a></i> no <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Saint-Louis" title="Lycée Saint-Louis">Lycée Saint-Louis</a> de Paris, entrou na <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_mines_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris">École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris</a>, diplomando-se em 1947. Foi aluno de <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> no <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>. </p><p>Em 1948 tornou-se pesquisador do <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_para_a_Investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nuclear" title="Organização Europeia para a Investigação Nuclear">CERN</a>, no laboratório de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">física nuclear</a> do <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A9gio_de_Fran%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Colégio de França">Colégio de França</a>, dirigido por <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a>, obtendo o doutorado de ciências em 1955. </p><p>Em 1980, foi nomeado professor associado da ‘’Escola superior de física e de química industriais de Paris’’ (laboratório de eletricidade). Foi também titular da cadeira Joliot-Curie durante um ano, em 1984, na mesma escola,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> participando da criação de numerosas start-up de imagens biomédicas, entre as quais Molecular Engines Laboratories,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Biospace Instruments<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> e SuperSonic Imagine com <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Fink" title="Mathias Fink">Mathias Fink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Foi eleito Membro da <i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des Sciences">Académie des Sciences</a></i> em 20 de maio de 1985. </p><p>Em 1995, com mais dois outros físicos - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_L%C3%A9na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Léna (página não existe)">Pierre Léna</a> e <a href="/wiki/Yves_Qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yves Quéré">Yves Quéré</a> - lançou na França o programa "La main à la pâte",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> um método que havia descoberto nos EUA e que tem como objectivo, com a experimentação e a autonomia dos alunos, inicia-los à <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Ciência">ciência</a>. Posteriormente a iniciativa espalhou-se pelo mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-GC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GC-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Combatente da <a href="/wiki/Energia_nuclear" title="Energia nuclear">energia nuclear</a>, propôs em 2001 uma nova unidade de medida da <a href="/wiki/Radioatividade" title="Radioatividade">radioatividade</a>, o DARI (Dose Anual devida as Irradiações Internas), correspondendo aproximadamente a 0,25 milli-<a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">Sievert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principais_trabalhos">Principais trabalhos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Principais trabalhos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Principais trabalhos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A obra de Georges Charpak foi dedicada à <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">física nuclear</a>, depois à <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_das_part%C3%ADculas" class="mw-redirect" title="Física das partículas">física das partículas</a> de alta energia, para as quais os detetores que ele inventou substituíram todos que existiam até então. </p><p>Seus principais trabalhos foram os seguintes: </p> <ul><li>Medida da anomalia do momento <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnético">magnético</a> do <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAon" class="mw-redirect" title="Múon">múon</a>;</li> <li>Estudo das camadas nucleares profundas com a ajuda dos <a href="/wiki/Pions" class="mw-redirect" title="Pions">Pions</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Part%C3%ADculas_positivas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partículas positivas (página não existe)">partículas positivas</a>;</li> <li>Canalisação das partículas de alta energia nos cristais;</li> <li>Invenção e desenvolvimento de diversos detectores utilizados nas experiências de física de <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula" title="Partícula">partículas</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2maras_de_faiscas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câmaras de faiscas (página não existe)">câmaras de faiscas</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_proporcional_multifios" title="Câmara proporcional multifios">câmara proporcional multifios</a> e câmaras à deriva (<a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2maras_de_Charpak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câmaras de Charpak (página não existe)">câmaras de Charpak</a>);</li> <li>Invenção de detectores de <a href="/wiki/Raios_X" title="Raios X">raios X</a> em <a href="/wiki/Cristalografia" title="Cristalografia">cristalografia</a>: câmaras à deriva esférica;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detector_de_gaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detector de gaz (página não existe)">Detector de gaz</a> em avalanches luminosas.</li></ul> <p>Estes métodos permitiram aplicações nas <a href="/wiki/Radiografia" title="Radiografia">radiografias</a> com doses de radiações <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionizantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionizantes (página não existe)">ionizantes</a> muito inferiores às utilizadas anteriormente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prêmios_e_condecorações"><span id="Pr.C3.AAmios_e_condecora.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Prêmios e condecorações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Prêmios e condecorações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Prêmios e condecorações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_prata" title="Medalha de prata">Medalha de prata</a> do <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>, 1960</li> <li>Prêmio ‘’Ricard’’ da <i>Sociedade francesa de física</i>, 1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutor_honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Doutor honoris causa">Doutor honoris causa</a> da <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Genève">Université de Genève</a>, 1977</li> <li>Prêmio do <i>Commissariado da <a href="/wiki/Energia_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia atômica">energia atômica</a> da França</i>, <a href="/wiki/Academia_das_Ci%C3%AAncias_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia das Ciências de Paris">Academia das ciências</a>, 1984</li> <li>Professor emérito da <i>Escola superior de física e de química industriais </i> de <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 1984</li> <li>Membro associado estrangeiro da <a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a>, 1986</li> <li>Prêmio anual da seção das Altas energias da <i>Sociedade Européia de Física</i>, 1989</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Prêmio Nobel">Prêmio Nobel</a> de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> pela invenção e o desenvolvimento dos detectores de partículas elementares, especialmente da câmara proporcional multifios, 1992</li> <li>Membro do <i>Alto Conselho</i> da <a href="/wiki/Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Integração">integração</a>, (1994-1996)</li> <li>Membro da <i>Académie universelle des cultures</i> (Academia universal das culturas), em 1993</li> <li>Doutor <i>honoris causa</i> da <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université libre de Bruxelles</a> (<i>Universidade livre de Bruxelas</i>), em 1994</li> <li>Doutor <i>honoris causa</i> da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Coimbra" title="Universidade de Coimbra">Universidade de Coimbra</a>, em 1994</li> <li>Doutor <i>honoris causa</i> da <i>Université Aristote de Thessalonique</i> (Universidade <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tessal%C3%B4nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Tessalônica">Tessalônica</a>), em 1993</li> <li>Doutor <i>honoris causa</i> da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Ottawa" title="Universidade de Ottawa">Universidade de Ottawa</a>, em 1995</li> <li>Membro da <i>Académie des sciences autrichienne</i> ( <i>Academia das ciências da Áustria</i> ), em 1993</li> <li>Membro da <i>Académie des sciences de Lisbonne</i> (<a href="/wiki/Academia_das_ci%C3%AAncias_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia das ciências de Lisboa">Academia das ciências de Lisboa</a>), em 1995</li> <li>Membro da <i>Académie des sciences de Russie</i>( <i>Academia das ciências da Rússia</i>), em 1994</li> <li>Membro correspondente da <i>Académie nationale de médecine</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Medicina" title="Academia Nacional de Medicina">Academia Nacional de Medicina</a>), em 2002</li> <li><i>Officier de la Légion d'honneur</i> (<i>Oficial da Legião da honra</i>), 2007</li></ul> <p>Georges Charpak foi até hoje o único <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Prêmio Nobel">Prêmio Nobel</a> francês nos domínios da <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">física nuclear</a> e da física das partículas elementares, depois da <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. </p><p>A <i>Escola Nacional de Ensino Superior das Minas de <a href="/wiki/Saint_Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Etienne">Saint Etienne</a></i> abriu, em 2008, um campo de formação de <a href="/wiki/Engenharia_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Engenharia eletrônica">engenharia eletrônica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Inform%C3%A1tica" title="Informática">informática</a> <a href="/wiki/Industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial">industrial</a> em <a href="/wiki/Gardanne" title="Gardanne">Gardanne</a>, (cidade perto de <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A inauguração contou com a presença de Georges Charpak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicações"><span id="Publica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Publicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Publicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Publicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livros">Livros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Livros" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Livros"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La vie à fil tendu</i>, em co-autoria com Dominique Saudinos (1993 Odile Jacob, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/2-7381-0214-X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/2-7381-0214-X">2-7381-0214-X</a>)</li> <li><i>Devenez sorciers, devenez savants</i>, em co-autoria com Henri Broch (Odile Jacob, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/90-5814-005-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/90-5814-005-9">90-5814-005-9</a>). Publicado em inglês como "Debunked!" pela <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relatórios_técnicos"><span id="Relat.C3.B3rios_t.C3.A9cnicos"></span>Relatórios técnicos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Relatórios técnicos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Relatórios técnicos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charpak, G. & M. Gourdin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4260292-sup-anti-sup-system-lectures-delivered-matscience-institute-madras-india-december-january">"The K{sup 0}anti K{sup 0} System"</a>, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Paris University, (July 11, 1967).</li> <li>Charpak, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4142768-evolution-some-particle-detectors-based-discharge-gases">"Evolution of Some Particle Detectors Based On the Discharge in Gases"</a>, European Organization for Nuclear Research, (November 19, 1969).</li> <li>Charpak, G. & F. Sauli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4364786-high-accuracy-two-dimensional-read-out-multiwire-proportional-chambers">"High Accuracy, Two-Dimensional Read-Out in Multiwire Proportional Chambers"</a>, European Organization for Nuclear Research, (Fev. 14, 1973).</li> <li>Charpak, G.; Jeavons, A.; Sauli, F. & R. Stubbs, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4441064-high-accuracy-measurements-centre-gravity-avalanches-proportional-chambers">"High-Accuracy Measurements of the Centre of Gravity of Avalanches in Proportional Chambers"</a>, European Organization for Nuclear Research, (Set. 24, 1973).</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Crittenden, J.A.; Hsiung, Y.B.; Kaplan, a.D.M.; Hubbard, J.R.; Mangeot, P.; Peisert, A.; Charpak, G.; Sauli, F.; Brown, C.N.; Childress, S.; et al. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/170577">«Inclusive hadronic production cross sections measured in proton-nucleus collisions at. sqrt. s = 27. 4 GeV»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review D">Physical Review D</a></i>. <b>34</b> (9): 2584–2600. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986PhRvD..34.2584C">1986PhRvD..34.2584C</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information (página não existe)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7244218">7244218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9957451">9957451</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.34.2584">10.1103/PhysRevD.34.2584</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.atitle=Inclusive+hadronic+production+cross+sections+measured+in+proton-nucleus+collisions+at.+sqrt.+s+%3D+27.+4+GeV&rft.au=Brown%2C+C.N.&rft.au=Charpak%2C+G.&rft.au=Childress%2C+S.&rft.au=Hsiung%2C+Y.B.&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+J.R.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+a.D.M.&rft.au=Mangeot%2C+P.&rft.au=Peisert%2C+A.&rft.au=Sauli%2C+F.&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft.aulast=Crittenden&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.pages=2584-2600&rft.volume=34&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fenergycitations%2Fproduct.biblio.jsp%3Fosti_id%3D7244218&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F170577&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986PhRvD..34.2584C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.34.2584&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9957451&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GC_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GC_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/09/30/97001-20100930FILWWW00377-deces-du-physicien-georges-charpak.php">«Le Figaro Interactif (consultado Setembro 2010)»</a> (em francês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=Le+Figaro+Interactif+%28consultado+Setembro+2010%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2010%2F09%2F30%2F97001-20100930FILWWW00377-deces-du-physicien-georges-charpak.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espci.fr/sites/default/files/documents/actualites/ESPCI-Hommage-Charpak.pdf">Hommage de l'ESPCI ParisTech à Georges Charpak</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa"><i>[ligação inativa]</i></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.molecular-engines-laboratories.info/html/01-about.html">Molecular Engines Laboratories, startup fundada em 2000 por Georges Charpak</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105204657/http://www.biospacelab.com/html/company.html">«Biospace Instruments, startup fundada em 1989 por Georges Charpak»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biospacelab.com/html/company.html">original</a> em 5 de janeiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=Biospace+Instruments%2C+startup+fundada+em+1989+por+Georges+Charpak&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biospacelab.com%2Fhtml%2Fcompany.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080802172215/http://www.supersonicimagine.fr/fondateurs,fr.htm">«SuperSonic Imagine, startup fundada em 2005 por Georges Charpak»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supersonicimagine.fr/fondateurs,fr.htm">original</a> em 2 de agosto de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=SuperSonic+Imagine%2C+startup+fundada+em+2005+por+Georges+Charpak&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supersonicimagine.fr%2Ffondateurs%2Cfr.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamap.fr/?Page_Id=1005">«La main à la pâte (consultado Setembro 2010)»</a> (em francês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=La+main+%C3%A0+la+p%C3%A2te+%28consultado+Setembro+2010%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamap.fr%2F%3FPage_Id%3D1005&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(em francês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdsp.tm.fr/base/scripts/ShowA.bs?bqRef=248073">Le DARI</a> : Unidade de medida adaptada a avaliação do efeito das Fracas doses de irradiação</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emse.fr/spip/-CMP-.html">«Le mot du Directeur du CMP»</a> (em francês). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escola_Nacional_de_Ensino_Superior_das_Minas_de_Saint_Etienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escola Nacional de Ensino Superior das Minas de Saint Etienne (página não existe)">Escola Nacional de Ensino Superior das Minas de Saint Etienne</a>. Le mot du Directeur du CMP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=Le+mot+du+Directeur+du+CMP&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Escola+Nacional+de+Ensino+Superior+das+Minas+de+Saint+Etienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emse.fr%2Fspip%2F-CMP-.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/142">Georges Charpak</a> em Nobelprize.org</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1992/">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1992»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+F%C3sica+1992&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1992%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.web.cern.ch/press/Journalists/CERNHistory.html">«Highlights of CERN history»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+CERN+history&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.web.cern.ch%2Fpress%2FJournalists%2FCERNHistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>(em francês) <i>Morre Georges Charpak, Prêmio Nobel de física</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/carnet/article/2010/09/30/georges-charpak-prix-nobel-de-physique-est-mort_1417969_3382.html">[1]</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></b><br />1992</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Física" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Física (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Física" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_von_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Siegbahn" title="Karl Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illia_Mikhailovich_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Illia Mikhailovich Frank">Frank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Yevgenyevich_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Segrè</a> e <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolay_Basov" title="Nicolay Basov">Basov</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prokhorov" title="Aleksandr Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" title="Leo James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charpak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">J. H. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Neville_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Neville Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Glenwood_Shull" title="Clifford Glenwood Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Hooft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2024</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> e <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber|</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">Mather</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Masukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smith" title="George Smith">G. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> e <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> e <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/30px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/60px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q153178">Q153178</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/36905072">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36905072/">36905072</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90913061">90913061</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12335513h">12335513h</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4690883">4690883</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09334016">DA09334016</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Charpak">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/336866">336866</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119208636">119208636</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_centrale_per_il_catalogo_unico_delle_biblioteche_italiane_e_per_le_informazioni_bibliografiche" title="Istituto centrale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/RMSV015718?core=autoriall">RMSV015718</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114900235">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94008494">nr94008494</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munzinger-Archiv" class="extiw" title="de:Munzinger-Archiv">Munzinger</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000020440">00000020440</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Gr%C3%A9cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Grécia">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koha.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=191813">191813</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable Names Database">NNDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/811/000099514/">000099514</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p254906168">254906168</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n97004773">n97004773</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC" class="extiw" title="en:SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64n0dz4">w64n0dz4</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032528728">032528728</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/georges-charpak">georges-charpak</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_do_Brasil" title="Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil">BNB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acervo.bn.gov.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000444763">000444763</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/278086">278086</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013258" class="extiw" title="d:Q5013258">CONOR.BG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/bg/bg/conor/39790181">39790181</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Polónia">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001216076">a0000001216076</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&oldid=65931761">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&oldid=65931761</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nascidos_em_1924" title="Categoria:Nascidos em 1924">Nascidos em 1924</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mortos_em_2010" title="Categoria:Mortos em 2010">Mortos em 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Categoria:Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Laureados_da_Pol%C3%B4nia_com_o_Nobel" title="Categoria:Laureados da Polônia com o Nobel">Laureados da Polônia com o Nobel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Laureados_da_Fran%C3%A7a_com_o_Nobel" title="Categoria:Laureados da França com o Nobel">Laureados da França com o Nobel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Membros_da_Academia_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Categoria:Membros da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Membros da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Membros_da_Academia_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Categoria:Membros da Academia de Ciências da França">Membros da Academia de Ciências da França</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Membros_estrangeiros_da_Academia_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Categoria:Membros estrangeiros da Academia de Ciências da Rússia">Membros estrangeiros da Academia de Ciências da Rússia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pessoas_associadas_%C3%A0_Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Europeia_para_a_Pesquisa_Nuclear" title="Categoria:Pessoas associadas à Organização Europeia para a Pesquisa Nuclear">Pessoas associadas à Organização Europeia para a Pesquisa Nuclear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:F%C3%ADsicos_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Categoria:Físicos da França">Físicos da França</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sobreviventes_do_campo_de_concentra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Dachau" title="Categoria:Sobreviventes do campo de concentração de Dachau">Sobreviventes do campo de concentração de Dachau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Judeus_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Categoria:Judeus da Polônia">Judeus da Polônia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Judeus_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Categoria:Judeus da França">Judeus da França</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Doutores_honoris_causa_pela_Universidade_de_Coimbra" title="Categoria:Doutores honoris causa pela Universidade de Coimbra">Doutores honoris causa pela Universidade de Coimbra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Alunos_da_Mines_ParisTech" title="Categoria:Alunos da Mines ParisTech">Alunos da Mines ParisTech</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_franc%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(fr)" title="Categoria:!CS1 francês-fontes em língua (fr)">!CS1 francês-fontes em língua (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_com_liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_inativas" title="Categoria:!Artigos com ligações 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