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electromagnet</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: solenoid electromagnet"> <meta name="keywords" content="solenoid electromagnet"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="solenoid electromagnet"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 31</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: solenoid electromagnet</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Magnetic Braking System of an Elevator in the Event of Sudden Breakage of the Hoisting Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amita%20Singha">Amita Singha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project describes the scope of magnetic braking. The potential applications of the braking system can be a de-accelerating system to increase the safety of an elevator or any guided rail transportation system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20and%20buck%20converter" title="boost and buck converter">boost and buck converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnet" title=" electromagnet"> electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevator" title=" elevator"> elevator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferromagnetic%20material" title=" ferromagnetic material"> ferromagnetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid" title=" solenoid"> solenoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timer" title=" timer"> timer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2037/magnetic-braking-system-of-an-elevator-in-the-event-of-sudden-breakage-of-the-hoisting-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Influence of Solenoid Configuration on Electromagnetic Acceleration of Plunger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreyansh%20Bharadwaj">Shreyansh Bharadwaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghavendra%20Kollipara"> Raghavendra Kollipara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sijoy%20C.%20D."> Sijoy C. D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Mittal"> R. K. Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilizing the Lorentz force to propel an electrically conductive plunger through a solenoid represents a fundamental application in electromagnetism. The parameters of the solenoid significantly influence the force exerted on the plunger, impacting its response. A parametric study has been done to understand the effect of these parameters on the force acting on the plunger. This study is done to determine the most optimal combination of parameters to obtain the fast response. Analysis has been carried out using an algorithm capable of simulating the scenario of a plunger undergoing acceleration within a solenoid. Authors have conducted an analysis focusing on several key configuration parameters of the solenoid. These parameters include the inter-layer gap (in the case of a multi-turn solenoid), different conductor diameters, varying numbers of turns, and diverse numbers of layers. Primary objective of this paper is to discern how alterations in these parameters affect the force applied to the plunger. Through extensive numerical simulations, a dataset has been generated and utilized to construct informative plots. These plots provide visual representations of the relationships between the solenoid configuration parameters and the resulting force exerted on the plunger, which can further be used to deduce scaling laws. This research endeavors to offer valuable insights into optimizing solenoid configurations for enhanced electromagnetic acceleration, thereby contributing to advancements in electromagnetic propulsion technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentz%20force" title="Lorentz force">Lorentz force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20configuration" title=" solenoid configuration"> solenoid configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20acceleration" title=" electromagnetic acceleration"> electromagnetic acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20analysis" title=" parametric analysis"> parametric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185612/influence-of-solenoid-configuration-on-electromagnetic-acceleration-of-plunger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Mathematical Modeling of the Operating Process and a Method to Determine the Design Parameters in an Electromagnetic Hammer Using Solenoid Electromagnets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Hyok%20Choe">Song Hyok Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presented a method to determine the optimum design parameters based on a mathematical model of the operating process in a manual electromagnetic hammer using solenoid electromagnets. The operating process of the electromagnetic hammer depends on the circuit scheme of the power controller. Mathematical modeling of the operating process was carried out by considering the energy transfer process in the forward and reverse windings and the electromagnetic force acting on the impact and brake pistons. Using the developed mathematical model, the initial design data of a manual electromagnetic hammer proposed in this paper are encoded and analyzed in Matlab. On the other hand, a measuring experiment was carried out by using a measurement device to check the accuracy of the developed mathematical model. The relative errors of the analytical results for measured stroke distance of the impact piston, peak value of forward stroke current and peak value of reverse stroke current were −4.65%, 9.08% and 9.35%, respectively. Finally, it was shown that the mathematical model of the operating process of an electromagnetic hammer is relatively accurate, and it can be used to determine the design parameters of the electromagnetic hammer. Therefore, the design parameters that can provide the required impact energy in the manual electromagnetic hammer were determined using a mathematical model developed. The proposed method will be used for the further design and development of the various types of percussion rock drills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20electromagnet" title="solenoid electromagnet">solenoid electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20hammer" title=" electromagnetic hammer"> electromagnetic hammer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20processing" title=" stone processing"> stone processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187061/mathematical-modeling-of-the-operating-process-and-a-method-to-determine-the-design-parameters-in-an-electromagnetic-hammer-using-solenoid-electromagnets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Sustainable Manufacturing of Solenoid Valve Housing in Fiji: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Emergy Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hisham">M. Hisham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Cabemaiwai"> S. Cabemaiwai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Prasad"> S. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Dauvakatini"> T. Dauvakatini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ananthanarayanan"> R. Ananthanarayanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A solenoid valve is an important part of many fluid systems. Its purpose is to regulate fluid flow in a machine. Due to the crucial role of the solenoid valve and its design intricacy, it is quite expensive to obtain in Fiji and is not manufactured locally. A concern raised by the local health industry is that the housing of the solenoid valve gets damaged when machines are continuously being used and this part of the valve is very costly to replace due to the lack of availability in Fiji and many other South Pacific region countries. This study explores the agile manufacturing of a solenoid coil housing using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. An emergy study was carried out to analyze the feasibility and sustainability of producing the part locally after estimating a Unit Emergy Value (or emergy transformity) of 1.27E+05 sej/j for the electricity in Fiji. The total emergy of the process was calculated to be 3.05E+12 sej, of which a majority was sourced from imported services and materials. Renewable emergy sources contributed to just 16.04% of the total emergy. Therefore, the part is suitable to be manufactured in Fiji with a reasonable quality and a cost of $FJ 2.85. However, the loading on the local environment is found to be significant and therefore, alternative raw materials for the filament like recycled PET should be explored or alternative manufacturing processes may be analyzed before committing to fabricating the part using FDM in its analyzed state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergy%20analysis" title="emergy analysis">emergy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20valve%20housing" title=" solenoid valve housing"> solenoid valve housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20production" title=" sustainable production"> sustainable production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190891/sustainable-manufacturing-of-solenoid-valve-housing-in-fiji-fused-deposition-modeling-fdm-and-emergy-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Magnetic Field Induced Tribological Properties of Magnetic Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinjal%20Trivedi">Kinjal Trivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20V.%20Upadhyay"> Ramesh V. Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic fluid as a nanolubricant is a most recent field of study due to its unusual properties that can be tuned by applying a magnetic field. In present work, four ball tester has been used to investigate the tribological properties of the magnetic fluid having a 4 wt% of nanoparticles. The structural characterization of fluid shows crystallite size of particle is 11.7 nm and particles are nearly spherical in nature. The magnetic characterization shows the fluid saturation magnetization is 2.2 kA/m. The magnetic field applied using permanent strip magnet (0 to 1.6 mT) on the faces of the lock nut and fixing a solenoid (0 to 50 mT) around a shaft, such that shaft rotates freely. The magnetic flux line for both the systems analyzed using finite elemental analysis. The coefficient of friction increases with the application of magnetic field using permanent strip magnet compared to zero field value. While for the solenoid, it decreases at 20 mT. The wear scar diameter is lower for 1.1 mT and 20 mT when the magnetic field applied using permanent strip magnet and solenoid, respectively. The coefficient of friction and wear scar reduced by 29 % and 7 % at 20 mT using solenoid. The worn surface analysis carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope to understand the wear mechanism. The results are explained on the basis of structure formation in a magnetic fluid upon application of magnetic field. It is concluded that the tribological properties of magnetic fluid depend on magnetic field and its applied direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20ball%20tester" title="four ball tester">four ball tester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20fluid" title=" magnetic fluid"> magnetic fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanolubricant" title=" nanolubricant"> nanolubricant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88005/magnetic-field-induced-tribological-properties-of-magnetic-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> 3D Finite Element Analysis of Yoke Hybrid Electromagnet </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Fatih%20Ertu%C4%9Frul">Hasan Fatih Ertuğrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beytullah%20Okur"> Beytullah Okur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20%C3%9Cvet"> Huseyin Üvet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadir%20Erkan"> Kadir Erkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to analyze a 4-pole hybrid magnetic levitation system by using 3D finite element and analytical methods. The magnetostatic analysis of the system is carried out by using ANSYS MAXWELL-3D package. An analytical model is derived by magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. The purpose of magnetostatic analysis is to determine the characteristics of attractive force and rotational torques by the change of air gap clearances, inclination angles and current excitations. The comparison between 3D finite element analysis and analytical results are presented at the rest of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoke%20hybrid%20electromagnet" title="yoke hybrid electromagnet">yoke hybrid electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20finite%20element%20analysis" title=" 3D finite element analysis"> 3D finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20levitation%20system" title=" magnetic levitation system"> magnetic levitation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetostatic%20analysis" title=" magnetostatic analysis"> magnetostatic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11364/3d-finite-element-analysis-of-yoke-hybrid-electromagnet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">727</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Device for Thermal Depolymerisation of Organic Substrates Prior to Methane Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20D%C4%99bowski">Marcin Dębowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miros%C5%82aw%20Krzemieniewski"> Mirosław Krzemieniewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Zieli%C5%84ski"> Marcin Zieliński</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This publication presents a device designed to depolymerise and structurally change organic substrate, for use in agricultural biogas plants or sewage treatment plants. The presented device consists of a heated tank equipped with an inlet valve for the crude substrate and an outlet valve for the treated substrate. The system also includes a gas conduit, which is at its tip equipped with a high-pressure solenoid valve and a vacuum relief solenoid valve. A conduit behind the high-pressure solenoid valve connects to the vacuum tank equipped with the outlet valve. The substrate introduced into the device is exposed to agents such as high temperature and cavitation produced by abrupt, short-term reduction of pressure within the heated tank. The combined effect of these processes is substrate destruction rate increase of about 20% when compared to using high temperature alone, and about 30% when compared to utilizing only cavitation. Energy consumption is greatly reduced, as the pressure increase is generated by heating the substrate. Thus, there is a 18% reduction of energy consumption when compared to a device designed to destroy substrate through high temperature alone, and a 35% reduction if compared to using cavitation as the only means of destruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20depolymerisation" title="thermal depolymerisation">thermal depolymerisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20substrate" title=" organic substrate"> organic substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-treatment" title=" pre-treatment"> pre-treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3544/device-for-thermal-depolymerisation-of-organic-substrates-prior-to-methane-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Design Optimization of a Compact Quadrupole Electromagnet for CLS 2.0</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Armin%20Islam">Md. Armin Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Les%20Dallin"> Les Dallin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Boland"> Mark Boland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Zhang"> W. J. Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports a study on the optimal magnetic design of a compact quadrupole electromagnet for the Canadian Light Source (CLS 2.0). The nature of the design is to determine a quadrupole with low relative higher order harmonics and better field quality. The design problem was formulated as an optimization model, in which the objective function is the higher order harmonics (multipole errors) and the variable to be optimized is the material distribution on the pole. The higher order harmonics arose in the quadrupole due to truncating the ideal hyperbola at a certain point to make the pole. In this project, the arisen harmonics have been optimized both transversely and longitudinally by adjusting material on the poles in a controlled way. For optimization, finite element analysis (FEA) has been conducted. A better higher order harmonics amplitudes and field quality have been achieved through the optimization. On the basis of the optimized magnetic design, electrical and cooling calculation has been performed for the magnet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift" title="drift">drift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical" title=" electrical"> electrical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20cooling%20calculation" title=" and cooling calculation"> and cooling calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20field" title=" integrated field"> integrated field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field%20gradient" title=" magnetic field gradient"> magnetic field gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multipole%20errors" title=" multipole errors"> multipole errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrupole" title=" quadrupole"> quadrupole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106773/design-optimization-of-a-compact-quadrupole-electromagnet-for-cls-20" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Volume Density of Power of Multivector Electric Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldan%20A.%20Sapargaliyev">Aldan A. Sapargaliyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yerbol%20A.%20Sapargaliyev"> Yerbol A. Sapargaliyev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the invention, the electric machine (EM) can be defined as oEM – one-vector electric machine, as it works due to one-vector inductive coupling with use of one-vector electromagnet. The disadvantages of oEM are large size and limited efficiency at low and medium power applications. This paper describes multi-vector electric machine (mEM) based on multi-vector inductive coupling, which is characterized by the increased surface area of the inductive coupling per EM volume, with a reduced share of inefficient and energy-consuming part of the winding, in comparison with oEM’s. Particularly, it is considered, calculated and compared the performance of three different electrical motors and their power at the same volumes and rotor frequencies. It is also presented the result of calculation of correlation between power density and volume for oEM and mEM. The method of multi-vector inductive coupling enables mEM to possess 1.5-4.0 greater density of power per volume and significantly higher efficiency, in comparison with today’s oEM, especially in low and medium power applications. mEM has distinct advantages, when used in transport vehicles such as electric cars and aircrafts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20machine" title="electric machine">electric machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motor" title=" electric motor"> electric motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnet" title=" electromagnet"> electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20electric%20motor" title=" efficiency of electric motor"> efficiency of electric motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67282/volume-density-of-power-of-multivector-electric-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Application of Exhaust Gas-Air Brake System in Petrol and Diesel Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurlal%20Singh">Gurlal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Singh"> Rupinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possible role of the engine brake is to convert a power-producing engine into a power-absorbing retarding mechanism. In this braking system, exhaust gas (EG) from the internal combustion (IC) engines is used to operate air brake in the automobiles. Airbrake is most used braking system in vehicles. In the proposed model, instead of air brake, EG is used to operate the brake lever and stored in a specially designed tank. This pressure of EG is used to operate the pneumatic cylinder and brake lever. Filters used to remove the impurities from the EG, then it is allowed to store in the tank. Pressure relief valve is used to achieve a specific pressure in the tank and helps to avoid further damage to the tank as well as in an engine. The petrol engine is used in the proposed EG braking system. The petrol engine is chosen initially because it produces less impurity in the exhaust than diesel engines. Moreover, exhaust brake system (EBS) for the Diesel engines is composed of gate valve, pneumatic cylinder and exhaust brake valve with the on-off solenoid. Exhaust brake valve which is core component of EBS should have characteristics such as high reliability and long life. In a diesel engine, there is butterfly valve in exhaust manifold connected with solenoid switch which is used to on and off the butterfly valve. When butterfly valve closed partially, then the pressure starts built up inside the exhaust manifold and cylinder that actually resist the movement of piston leads to crankshaft getting stops resulting stopping of the flywheel. It creates breaking effect in a diesel engine. The exhaust brake is a supplementary breaking system to the service brake. It is noted that exhaust brake increased 2-3 fold the life of service brake may be due to the creation of negative torque which retards the speed of the engine. More study may also be warranted for the best suitable design of exhaust brake in a diesel engine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20gas" title="exhaust gas">exhaust gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobiles" title=" automobiles"> automobiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid" title=" solenoid"> solenoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airbrake" title=" airbrake"> airbrake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93446/application-of-exhaust-gas-air-brake-system-in-petrol-and-diesel-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> High-Fidelity 1D Dynamic Model of a Hydraulic Servo Valve Using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics and Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Henninger">D. Henninger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zopey"> A. Zopey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ihde"> T. Ihde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mehring"> C. Mehring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic performance of a 4-way solenoid operated hydraulic spool valve has been analyzed by means of a one-dimensional modeling approach capturing flow, magnetic and fluid forces, valve inertia forces, fluid compressibility, and damping. Increased model accuracy was achieved by analyzing the detailed three-dimensional electromagnetic behavior of the solenoids and flow behavior through the spool valve body for a set of relevant operating conditions, thereby allowing the accurate mapping of flow and magnetic forces on the moving valve body, in lieu of representing the respective forces by lower-order models or by means of simplistic textbook correlations. The resulting high-fidelity one-dimensional model provided the basis for specific and timely design modification eliminating experimentally observed valve oscillations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20performance%20model" title="dynamic performance model">dynamic performance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-fidelity%20model" title=" high-fidelity model"> high-fidelity model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D-3D%20decoupled%20analysis" title=" 1D-3D decoupled analysis"> 1D-3D decoupled analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid-operated%20hydraulic%20servo%20valve" title=" solenoid-operated hydraulic servo valve"> solenoid-operated hydraulic servo valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20and%20electromagnetic%20FEA" title=" CFD and electromagnetic FEA"> CFD and electromagnetic FEA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73024/high-fidelity-1d-dynamic-model-of-a-hydraulic-servo-valve-using-3d-computational-fluid-dynamics-and-electromagnetic-finite-element-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Calibrations and Effect of Different Operating Conditions on the Performance of a Fluid Power Control System with Servo Solenoid Valve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahany%20W.%20Sadak">Tahany W. Sadak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouly"> Fouly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Anwer"> A. Anwer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rizk"> M. Rizk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current investigation presents a study on the hydraulic performance of an electro-hydraulic servo solenoid valve controlled linear piston used in hydraulic systems. Advanced methods have been used to measure and record laboratory experiments, to ensure accurate analysis and evaluation. Experiments have been conducted under different values of temperature (28, 40 and 50 °C), supply pressure (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 bar), system stiffness (32 N/mm), and load (0.0 & 5560 N). It is concluded that increasing temperature of hydraulic oil increases the quantity of flow rate, so it achieves an increase of the quantity of flow by 5.75 % up to 48.8 % depending on operating conditions. The values of pressure decay at low temperature are less than the values at high temperature. The frequency increases with the increase of the temperature. When we connect the springs to the system, it decreases system frequency. These results are very useful in the process of packing and manufacturing of fluid products, where the properties are not affected by 50 °C, so energy and time are saved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-hydraulic%20servo%20valve" title="electro-hydraulic servo valve">electro-hydraulic servo valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20power%20control%20system" title=" fluid power control system"> fluid power control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20stiffness" title=" system stiffness"> system stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20and%20dynamic%20performance" title=" static and dynamic performance"> static and dynamic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98470/calibrations-and-effect-of-different-operating-conditions-on-the-performance-of-a-fluid-power-control-system-with-servo-solenoid-valve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Experimental Measurement of Equatorial Ring Current Generated by Magnetoplasma Sail in Three-Dimensional Spatial Coordinate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masato%20Koizumi">Masato Koizumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuya%20Oshio"> Yuya Oshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikkoh%20Funaki"> Ikkoh Funaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetoplasma Sail (MPS) is a future spacecraft propulsion that generates high levels of thrust by inducing an artificial magnetosphere to capture and deflect solar wind charged particles in order to transfer momentum to the spacecraft. By injecting plasma in the spacecraft’s magnetic field region, the ring current azimuthally drifts on the equatorial plane about the dipole magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the solenoid attached on board the spacecraft. This ring current results in magnetosphere inflation which improves the thrust performance of MPS spacecraft. In this present study, the ring current was experimentally measured using three Rogowski Current Probes positioned in a circular array about the laboratory model of MPS spacecraft. This investigation aims to determine the detailed structure of ring current through physical experimentation performed under two different magnetic field strengths engendered by varying the applied voltage on the solenoid with 300 V and 600 V. The expected outcome was that the three current probes would detect the same current since all three probes were positioned at equal radial distance of 63 mm from the center of the solenoid. Although experimental results were numerically implausible due to probable procedural error, the trends of the results revealed three pieces of perceptive evidence of the ring current behavior. The first aspect is that the drift direction of the ring current depended on the strength of the applied magnetic field. The second aspect is that the diamagnetic current developed at a radial distance not occupied by the three current probes under the presence of solar wind. The third aspect is that the ring current distribution varied along the circumferential path about the spacecraft’s magnetic field. Although this study yielded experimental evidence that differed from the original hypothesis, the three key findings of this study have informed two critical MPS design solutions that will potentially improve thrust performance. The first design solution is the positioning of the plasma injection point. Based on the implication of the first of the three aspects of ring current behavior, the plasma injection point must be located at a distance instead of at close proximity from the MPS Solenoid for the ring current to drift in the direction that will result in magnetosphere inflation. The second design solution, predicated by the third aspect of ring current behavior, is the symmetrical configuration of plasma injection points. In this study, an asymmetrical configuration of plasma injection points using one plasma source resulted in a non-uniform distribution of ring current along the azimuthal path. This distorts the geometry of the inflated magnetosphere which minimizes the deflection area for the solar wind. Therefore, to realize a ring current that best provides the maximum possible inflated magnetosphere, multiple plasma sources must be spaced evenly apart for the plasma to be injected evenly along its azimuthal path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magnetoplasma%20Sail" title="Magnetoplasma Sail">Magnetoplasma Sail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetosphere%20inflation" title=" magnetosphere inflation"> magnetosphere inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20current" title=" ring current"> ring current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacecraft%20propulsion" title=" spacecraft propulsion"> spacecraft propulsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46203/experimental-measurement-of-equatorial-ring-current-generated-by-magnetoplasma-sail-in-three-dimensional-spatial-coordinate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> AgriInnoConnect Pro System Using Iot and Firebase Console</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Barde">Amit Barde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipali%20Khatave"> Dipali Khatave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishali%20Savale"> Vaishali Savale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atharva%20Chavan"> Atharva Chavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapna%20Wagaj"> Sapna Wagaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Jilla"> Aditya Jilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> AgriInnoConnect Pro is an advanced agricultural automation system designed to enhance irrigation efficiency and overall farm management through IoT technology. Using MIT App Inventor, Telegram, Arduino IDE, and Firebase Console, it provides a user-friendly interface for farmers. Key hardware includes soil moisture sensors, DHT11 sensors, a 12V motor, a solenoid valve, a stepdown transformer, Smart Fencing, and AC switches. The system operates in automatic and manual modes. In automatic mode, the ESP32 microcontroller monitors soil moisture and autonomously controls irrigation to optimize water usage. In manual mode, users can control the irrigation motor via a mobile app. Telegram bots enable remote operation of the solenoid valve and electric fencing, enhancing farm security. Additionally, the system upgrades conventional devices to smart ones using AC switches, broadening automation capabilities. AgriInnoConnect Pro aims to improve farm productivity and resource management, addressing the critical need for sustainable water conservation and providing a comprehensive solution for modern farm management. The integration of smart technologies in AgriInnoConnect Pro ensures precision farming practices, promoting efficient resource allocation and sustainable agricultural development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20automation" title="agricultural automation">agricultural automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture%20sensor" title=" soil moisture sensor"> soil moisture sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESP32" title=" ESP32"> ESP32</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIT%20app%20inventor" title=" MIT app inventor"> MIT app inventor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telegram%20bot" title=" telegram bot"> telegram bot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20farming" title=" smart farming"> smart farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20control" title=" remote control"> remote control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firebase%20console" title=" firebase console"> firebase console</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188315/agriinnoconnect-pro-system-using-iot-and-firebase-console" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Dynamic Analysis and Clutch Adaptive Prefill in Dual Clutch Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Zhou">Bin Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tongli%20Lu"> Tongli Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianwu%20Zhang"> Jianwu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongtao%20Hao"> Hongtao Hao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual clutch transmissions (DCT) offer a high comfort performance in terms of the gearshift. Hydraulic multi-disk clutches are the key components of DCT, its engagement determines the shifting comfort. The prefill of the clutches requests an initial engagement which the clutches just contact against each other but not transmit substantial torque from the engine, this initial clutch engagement point is called the touch point. Open-loop control is typically implemented for the clutch prefill, a lot of uncertainties, such as oil temperature and clutch wear, significantly affects the prefill, probably resulting in an inappropriate touch point. Underfill causes the engine flaring in gearshift while overfill arises clutch tying up, both deteriorating the shifting comfort of DCT. Therefore, it is important to enable an adaptive capacity for the clutch prefills regarding the uncertainties. In this paper, a dynamic model of the hydraulic actuator system is presented, including the variable force solenoid and clutch piston, and validated by a test. Subsequently, the open-loop clutch prefill is simulated based on the proposed model. Two control parameters of the prefill, fast fill time and stable fill pressure is analyzed with regard to the impact on the prefill. The former has great effects on the pressure transients, the latter directly influences the touch point. Finally, an adaptive method is proposed for the clutch prefill during gear shifting, in which clutch fill control parameters are adjusted adaptively and continually. The adaptive strategy is changing the stable fill pressure according to the current clutch slip during a gearshift, improving the next prefill process. The stable fill pressure is increased by means of the clutch slip while underfill and decreased with a constant value for overfill. The entire strategy is designed in the Simulink/Stateflow, and implemented in the transmission control unit with optimization. Road vehicle test results have shown the strategy realized its adaptive capability and proven it improves the shifting comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutch%20prefill" title="clutch prefill">clutch prefill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutch%20slip" title=" clutch slip"> clutch slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20clutch%20transmission" title=" dual clutch transmission"> dual clutch transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touch%20point" title=" touch point"> touch point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20force%20solenoid" title=" variable force solenoid"> variable force solenoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52302/dynamic-analysis-and-clutch-adaptive-prefill-in-dual-clutch-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Secret Security Smart Lock Using Artificial Intelligence Hybrid Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Bayrami%20Rad">Vahid Bayrami Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ever since humans developed a collective way of life to the development of urbanization, the concern of security has always been considered one of the most important challenges of life. To protect property, locks have always been a practical tool. With the advancement of technology, the form of locks has changed from mechanical to electric. One of the most widely used fields of using artificial intelligence is its application in the technology of surveillance security systems. Currently, the technologies used in smart anti-theft door handles are one of the most potential fields for using artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has the possibility to learn, calculate, interpret and process by analyzing data with the help of algorithms and mathematical models and make smart decisions. We will use Arduino board to process data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arduino%20board" title="arduino board">arduino board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20lock" title=" solenoid lock"> solenoid lock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182868/secret-security-smart-lock-using-artificial-intelligence-hybrid-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Numerical Investigation of the Electromagnetic Common Rail Injector Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski">Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ksenia%20Siadkowska"> Ksenia Siadkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tytus%20Tulwin"> Tytus Tulwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the modeling of a fuel injector for common rail systems. A one-dimensional model of a solenoid-valve-controlled injector with Valve Closes Orifice (VCO) spray was modelled in the AVL Hydsim. This model shows the dynamic phenomena that occur in the injector. The accuracy of the calibration, based on a regulation of the parameters of the control valve and the nozzle needle lift, was verified by comparing the numerical results of injector flow rate. Our model is capable of a precise simulation of injector operating parameters in relation to injection time and fuel pressure in a fuel rail. As a result, there were made characteristics of the injector flow rate and backflow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20rail" title="common rail">common rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title=" diesel engine"> diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20injector" title=" fuel injector"> fuel injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81591/numerical-investigation-of-the-electromagnetic-common-rail-injector-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Design and Evaluation of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuated Gripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tudor%20Deaconescu">Tudor Deaconescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Deaconescu"> Andrea Deaconescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deployment of pneumatic muscles in various industrial applications is still in its early days, considering the relative newness of these components. The field of robotics holds particular future potential for pneumatic muscles, especially in view of their specific behaviour known as compliance. The paper presents and discusses an innovative constructive solution for a gripper system mountable on an industrial robot, based on actuation by a linear pneumatic muscle and transmission of motion by gear and rack mechanism. The structural, operational and constructive models of the new gripper are presented, along with some of the experimental results obtained subsequently to the testing of a prototype. Further presented are two control variants of the gripper system, one by means of a 3/2-way fast-switching solenoid valve, the other by means of a proportional pressure regulator. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for both variants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gripper%20system" title="gripper system">gripper system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatic%20muscle" title=" pneumatic muscle"> pneumatic muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20modelling" title=" structural modelling"> structural modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11948/design-and-evaluation-of-a-pneumatic-muscle-actuated-gripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Solar Electric Propulsion: The Future of Deep Space Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Sharma">Abhishek Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Banerjee"> Arnab Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research is intended to study the solar electric propulsion (SEP) technology for planetary missions. The main benefits of using solar electric propulsion for such missions are shorter flight times, more frequent target accessibility and the use of a smaller launch vehicle than that required by a comparable chemical propulsion mission. Energized by electric power from on-board solar arrays, the electrically propelled system uses 10 times less propellant than conventional chemical propulsion system, yet the reduced fuel mass can provide vigorous power which is capable of propelling robotic and crewed missions beyond the Lower Earth Orbit (LEO). The various thrusters used in the SEP are gridded ion thrusters and the Hall Effect thrusters. The research is solely aimed to study the ion thrusters and investigate the complications related to it and what can be done to overcome the glitches. The ion thrusters are used because they are found to have a total lower propellant requirement and have substantially longer time. In the ion thrusters, the anode pushes or directs the incoming electrons from the cathode. But the anode is not maintained at a very high potential which leads to divergence. Divergence leads to the charges interacting against the surface of the thruster. Just as the charges ionize the xenon gases, they are capable of ionizing the surfaces and over time destroy the surface and hence contaminate it. Hence the lifetime of thruster gets limited. So a solution to this problem is using substances which are not easy to ionize as the surface material. Another approach can be to increase the potential of anode so that the electrons don’t deviate much or reduce the length of thruster such that the positive anode is more effective. The aim is to work on these aspects as to how constriction of the deviation of charges can be done by keeping the input power constant and hence increase the lifetime of the thruster. Predominantly ring cusp magnets are used in the ion thrusters. However, the study is also intended to observe the effect of using solenoid for producing micro-solenoidal magnetic field apart from using the ring cusp magnetic field which are used in the discharge chamber for prevention of interaction of electrons with the ionization walls. Another foremost area of interest is what are the ways by which power can be provided to the Solar Electric Propulsion Vehicle for lowering and boosting the orbit of the spacecraft and also provide substantial amount of power to the solenoid for producing stronger magnetic fields. This can be successfully achieved by using the concept of Electro-dynamic tether which will serve as a power source for powering both the vehicle and the solenoids in the ion thruster and hence eliminating the need for carrying extra propellant on the spacecraft which will reduce the weight and hence reduce the cost of space propulsion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-dynamic%20tether" title="electro-dynamic tether">electro-dynamic tether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20thruster" title=" ion thruster"> ion thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20of%20thruster" title=" lifetime of thruster"> lifetime of thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20electric%20propulsion%20vehicle" title=" solar electric propulsion vehicle"> solar electric propulsion vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76778/solar-electric-propulsion-the-future-of-deep-space-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Replacing an Old PFN System with a Solid State Modulator without Changing the Klystron Transformer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klas%20Elmquist">Klas Elmquist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anders%20Larsson"> Anders Larsson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Until the year 2000, almost all short pulse modulators in the accelerator world were made with the pulse forming network (PFN) technique. The pulse forming network systems have since then been replaced with solid state modulators that have better efficiency, better stability, and lower cost of ownership, and they are much smaller. In this paper, it is shown that it is possible to replace a pulse forming network system with a solid-state system without changing the klystron tank and the klystron transformer. The solid-state modulator uses semiconductors switching at 1 kV level. A first pulse transformer transforms the voltage up to 10 kV. The 10 kV pulse is finally fed into the original transformer that is placed under the klystron. A flatness of 0.8 percent and stability of 100 PPM is achieved. The test is done with a CPI 8262 type of klystron. It is also shown that it is possible to run such a system with long cables between the transformers. When using this technique, it will be possible to keep original sub-systems like filament systems, vacuum systems, focusing solenoid systems, and cooling systems for the klystron. This will substantially reduce the cost of an upgrade and prolong the life of the klystron system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulator" title="modulator">modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid-state" title=" solid-state"> solid-state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFN-system" title=" PFN-system"> PFN-system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyratron" title=" thyratron"> thyratron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158666/replacing-an-old-pfn-system-with-a-solid-state-modulator-without-changing-the-klystron-transformer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Internal Leakage Analysis from Pd to Pc Port Direction in ECV Body Used in External Variable Type A/C Compressor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Iqbal%20Mahmud">M. Iqbal Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haeng%20Muk%20Cho"> Haeng Muk Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seo%20Hyun%20Sang"> Seo Hyun Sang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Wen%20Hai"> Wang Wen Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Heon%20Yi"> Chang Heon Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Ik%20Hwang"> Man Ik Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Hoon%20Kang"> Dae Hoon Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) playing an important role for car’s air conditioning control system. ECV is used in external variable displacement swash plate type compressor and controls the entire air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) input signal supplying from an external source (controller). Complete form of ECV contains number of internal features like valve body, core, valve guide, plunger, guide pin, plunger spring, bellows etc. While designing the ECV; dimensions of different internal items must meet the standard requirements as it is quite challenging. In this research paper, especially the dimensioning of ECV body and its three pressure ports through which the air/refrigerant passes are considered. Here internal leakage test analysis of ECV body is being carried out from its discharge port (Pd) to crankcase port (Pc) when the guide valve is placed inside it. The experiments have made both in ordinary and digital system using different assumptions and thereafter compare the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20control%20valve%20%28ECV%29" title="electromagnetic control valve (ECV)">electromagnetic control valve (ECV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage" title=" leakage"> leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20port" title=" pressure port"> pressure port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20body" title=" valve body"> valve body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20guide" title=" valve guide"> valve guide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24562/internal-leakage-analysis-from-pd-to-pc-port-direction-in-ecv-body-used-in-external-variable-type-ac-compressor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Development of DEMO-FNS Hybrid Facility and Its Integration in Russian Nuclear Fuel Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yury%20S.%20Shpanskiy">Yury S. Shpanskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20V.%20Kuteev"> Boris V. Kuteev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of a fusion-fission hybrid facility based on superconducting conventional tokamak DEMO-FNS runs in Russia since 2013. The main design goal is to reach the technical feasibility and outline prospects of industrial hybrid technologies providing the production of neutrons, fuel nuclides, tritium, high-temperature heat, electricity and subcritical transmutation in Fusion-Fission Hybrid Systems. The facility should operate in a steady-state mode at the fusion power of 40 MW and fission reactions of 400 MW. Major tokamak parameters are the following: major radius R=3.2 m, minor radius a=1.0 m, elongation 2.1, triangularity 0.5. The design provides the neutron wall loading of ~0.2 MW/m², the lifetime neutron fluence of ~2 MWa/m², with the surface area of the active cores and tritium breeding blanket ~100 m². Core plasma modelling showed that the neutron yield ~10¹⁹ n/s is maximal if the tritium/deuterium density ratio is 1.5-2.3. The design of the electromagnetic system (EMS) defined its basic parameters, accounting for the coils strength and stability, and identified the most problematic nodes in the toroidal field coils and the central solenoid. The EMS generates toroidal, poloidal and correcting magnetic fields necessary for the plasma shaping and confinement inside the vacuum vessel. EMC consists of eighteen superconducting toroidal field coils, eight poloidal field coils, five sections of a central solenoid, correction coils, in-vessel coils for vertical plasma control. Supporting structures, the thermal shield, and the cryostat maintain its operation. EMS operates with the pulse duration of up to 5000 hours at the plasma current up to 5 MA. The vacuum vessel (VV) is an all-welded two-layer toroidal shell placed inside the EMS. The free space between the vessel shells is filled with water and boron steel plates, which form the neutron protection of the EMS. The VV-volume is 265 m³, its mass with manifolds is 1800 tons. The nuclear blanket of DEMO-FNS facility was designed to provide functions of minor actinides transmutation, tritium production and enrichment of spent nuclear fuel. The vertical overloading of the subcritical active cores with MA was chosen as prospective. Analysis of the device neutronics and the hybrid blanket thermal-hydraulic characteristics has been performed for the system with functions covering transmutation of minor actinides, production of tritium and enrichment of spent nuclear fuel. A study of FNS facilities role in the Russian closed nuclear fuel cycle was performed. It showed that during ~100 years of operation three FNS facilities with fission power of 3 GW controlled by fusion neutron source with power of 40 MW can burn 98 tons of minor actinides and 198 tons of Pu-239 can be produced for startup loading of 20 fast reactors. Instead of Pu-239, up to 25 kg of tritium per year may be produced for startup of fusion reactors using blocks with lithium orthosilicate instead of fissile breeder blankets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion-fission%20hybrid%20system" title="fusion-fission hybrid system">fusion-fission hybrid system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20tokamak" title=" conventional tokamak"> conventional tokamak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20electromagnetic%20system" title=" superconducting electromagnetic system"> superconducting electromagnetic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-layer%20vacuum%20vessel" title=" two-layer vacuum vessel"> two-layer vacuum vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subcritical%20active%20cores" title=" subcritical active cores"> subcritical active cores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20fuel%20cycle" title=" nuclear fuel cycle"> nuclear fuel cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107915/development-of-demo-fns-hybrid-facility-and-its-integration-in-russian-nuclear-fuel-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Standard Model-Like Higgs Decay into Displaced Heavy Neutrino Pairs in U(1)' Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Accomando">E. Accomando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Delle%20Rose"> L. Delle Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Moretti"> S. Moretti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Olaiya"> E. Olaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shepherd-Themistocleous"> C. Shepherd-Themistocleous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy sterile neutrinos are almost ubiquitous in the class of Beyond Standard Model scenarios aimed at addressing the puzzle that emerged from the discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations, hence the need to explain their masses. In particular, they are necessary in a U(1)’ enlarged Standard Model (SM). We show that these heavy neutrinos can be rather long-lived producing distinctive displaced vertices and tracks. Indeed, depending on the actual decay length, they can decay inside a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) detector far from the main interaction point and can be identified in the inner tracking system or the muon chambers, emulated here through the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector parameters. Among the possible production modes of such heavy neutrino, we focus on their pair production mechanism in the SM Higgs decay, eventually yielding displaced lepton signatures following the heavy neutrino decays into weak gauge bosons. By employing well-established triggers available for the CMS detector and using the data collected by the end of the LHC Run 2, these signatures would prove to be accessible with negligibly small background. Finally, we highlight the importance that the exploitation of new triggers, specifically, displaced tri-lepton ones, could have for this displaced vertex search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beyond%20the%20standard%20model" title="beyond the standard model">beyond the standard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displaced%20vertex" title=" displaced vertex"> displaced vertex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Higgs%20physics" title=" Higgs physics"> Higgs physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrino%20physics" title=" neutrino physics"> neutrino physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102211/standard-model-like-higgs-decay-into-displaced-heavy-neutrino-pairs-in-u1-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Automatic Integrated Inverter Type Smart Device for Safe Kitchen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Jananni">K. M. Jananni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nandini"> R. Nandini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed wireless, inverter type design of a LPG leakage monitoring system aims to provide a smart and safe kitchen. The system detects the LPG gas leak using Nano-sensors and alerts the concerned individual through GSM system. The system uses two sensors, one attached to the chimney and other to the regulator of the LPG cylinder. Upon a leakage being detected, the sensor at the regulator actuates the system to cut off the gas supply immediately using a solenoid control valve. The sensor at the chimney checks for the permissible level of LPG mix in the air and when the level exceeds the threshold, the system sends an automatic SMS to the numbers saved. Further the sensor actuates the mini suction system fixed at the chimney within 20 seconds of a leakage to suck out the gas until the level falls well below the threshold. As a safety measure, an automatic window opening and alarm feature is also incorporated into the system. The key feature of this design is that the system is provided with a special inverter designed to make the device function effectively even during power failures. In this paper, utilization of sensors in the kitchen area is discussed and this gives the proposed architecture for real time field monitoring with a PIC Micro-controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20sensors" title="nano sensors">nano sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20system%20for%20mobile%20communication" title=" global system for mobile communication"> global system for mobile communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20controller" title=" micro controller"> micro controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33392/automatic-integrated-inverter-type-smart-device-for-safe-kitchen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Experimental Investigation of Compressed Natural Gas Injector for Direct Injection System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski">Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Baranski"> Grzegorz Baranski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Majczak"> Adam Majczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the bench research results on a CNG injector at steady state. The quantities measured included voltage and current in a solenoid, pressure of gas behind an injector and injector’s flow rate. Accordingly, injector’s operation parameters were determined according to needle’s lift and injection pressure. The discrepancies between the theoretical (electric) and actual time of injection were defined to specify injector’s opening and closing lag times and the uniqueness of these values in successive cycles of gas injection. It has been demonstrated that needle’s lift has got a stronger impact on injector’s operating parameters than injection pressure. With increasing injection pressure, the force increases and closes an injection valve, which adversely affects uniqueness of injector’s operation. The paper also describes the concept of an injector dedicated to direct CNG injection into a combustion chamber in a dual-fuel engine. The injector’s design enables us to replace 80% of diesel fuel in a dual-fuel engine with a maximum power of 85 kW. Minimum injection pressure is 1,4 MPa then. Simultaneously, injector’s characteristics for varied needle’s lifts and injector’s nonlinear operating points were developed. Acknowledgement: This work has been ﬁnanced by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, under Grant Agreement No. PBS1/A6/4/2012. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNG%20injector" title="CNG injector">CNG injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title=" diesel engine"> diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20injection" title=" direct injection"> direct injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20fuel" title=" dual fuel"> dual fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50146/experimental-investigation-of-compressed-natural-gas-injector-for-direct-injection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Secondary Radiation in Laser-Accelerated Proton Beamline (LAP)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Mahdipour">Seyed Ali Mahdipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Shafeei%20Sarvestani"> Maryam Shafeei Sarvestani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) and target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) are the most important methods of Laser-accelerated proton beams (LAP) planning systems.LAP has inspired novel applications that can benefit from proton bunch properties different from conventionally accelerated proton beams. The secondary neutron and photon produced in the collision of protons with beamline components are of the important concern in proton therapy. Various published Monte Carlo researches evaluated the beamline and shielding considerations for TNSA method, but there is no studies directly address secondary neutron and photon production from RPA method in LAP. The purpose of this study is to calculate the flux distribution of neutron and photon secondary radiations on the first area ofLAP and to determine the optimize thickness and radius of the energyselector in a LAP planning system based on RPA method. Also, we present the Monte Carlo calculations to determine the appropriate beam pipe for shielding a LAP planning system. The GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit has been used to simulate a secondary radiation production in LAP. A section of new multifunctional LAP beamlinehas been proposed, based on the pulsed power solenoid scheme as a GEANT4 toolkit. The results show that the energy selector is the most important source of neutron and photon secondary particles in LAP beamline. According to the calculations, the pure Tungsten energy selector not be the proper case, and using of Tungsten+Polyethylene or Tungsten+Graphitecomposite selectors will reduce the production of neutron and photon intensities by approximately ~10% and ~25%, respectively. Also the optimal radiuses of energy selectors were found to be ~4 cm and ~6 cm for a 3 degree and 5 degree proton deviation angles, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron" title="neutron">neutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon" title=" photon"> photon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20distribution" title=" flux distribution"> flux distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20selector" title=" energy selector"> energy selector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEANT4%20toolkit" title=" GEANT4 toolkit"> GEANT4 toolkit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158485/secondary-radiation-in-laser-accelerated-proton-beamline-lap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Study on Novel Reburning Process for NOx Reduction by Oscillating Injection of Reburn Fuel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyeop%20Lee">Changyeop Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim"> Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Lee"> Jongho Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reburning technology has been developed to adopt various commercial combustion systems. Fuel lean reburning is an advanced reburning method to reduce NOx economically without using burnout air, however it is not easy to get high NOx reduction efficiency. In the fuel lean reburning system, the localized fuel rich eddies are used to establish partial fuel rich regions so that the NOx can react with hydrocarbon radical restrictively. In this paper, a new advanced reburning method which supplies reburn fuel with oscillatory motion is introduced to increase NOx reduction rate effectively. To clarify whether forced oscillating injection of reburn fuel can effectively reduce NOx emission, experimental tests were conducted in vertical combustion furnace. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a gas burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. The natural gas is used as both main and reburn fuel and total thermal input is about 40kW. The forced oscillating injection of reburn fuel is realized by electronic solenoid valve, so that fuel rich region and fuel lean region is established alternately. In the fuel rich region, NOx is converted to N2 by reburning reaction, however unburned hydrocarbon and CO is oxidized in fuel lean zone and mixing zone at downstream where slightly fuel lean region is formed by mixing of two regions. This paper reports data on flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for a wide range of experimental conditions. All experimental data has been measured at steady state. The NOx reduction rate increases up to 41% by forced oscillating reburn motion. The CO emissions were shown to be kept at very low level. And this paper makes clear that in order to decrease NOx concentration in the exhaust when oscillating reburn fuel injection system is adopted, the control of factors such as frequency and duty ratio is very important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO" title=" CO"> CO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reburning" title=" reburning"> reburning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant" title=" pollutant"> pollutant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3425/study-on-novel-reburning-process-for-nox-reduction-by-oscillating-injection-of-reburn-fuel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Magnetic Biomaterials for Removing Organic Pollutants from Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Obeid">L. Obeid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bee"> A. Bee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Talbot"> D. Talbot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abramson"> S. Abramson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Welschbillig"> M. Welschbillig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adsorption process is one of the most efficient methods to remove pollutants from wastewater provided that suitable adsorbents are used. In order to produce environmentally safe adsorbents, natural polymers have received increasing attention in recent years. Thus, alginate and chitosane are extensively used as inexpensive, non-toxic and efficient biosorbents. Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds. Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide; this cationic polymer is obtained by deacetylation of chitin the major constituent of crustaceans. Furthermore, it has been shown that the encapsulation of magnetic materials in alginate and chitosan beads facilitates their recovery from wastewater after the adsorption step, by the use of an external magnetic field gradient, obtained with a magnet or an electromagnet. In the present work, we have studied the adsorption affinity of magnetic alginate beads and magnetic chitosan beads (called magsorbents) for methyl orange (MO) (an anionic dye), methylene blue (MB) (a cationic dye) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) (a hydrophobic pollutant). The effect of different parameters (pH solution, contact time, pollutant initial concentration…) on the adsorption of pollutant on the magnetic beads was investigated. The adsorption of anionic and cationic pollutants is mainly due to electrostatic interactions. Consequently methyl orange is highly adsorbed by chitosan beads in acidic medium and methylene blue by alginate beads in basic medium. In the case of a hydrophobic pollutant, which is weakly adsorbed, we have shown that the adsorption is enhanced by adding a surfactant. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cationic surfactant, was used to increase the adsorption of PNP by magnetic alginate beads. Adsorption of CPC by alginate beads occurs through two mechanisms: (i) electrostatic attractions between cationic head groups of CPC and negative carboxylate functions of alginate; (ii) interaction between the hydrocarbon chains of CPC. The hydrophobic pollutant is adsolubilized within the surface aggregated structures of surfactant. Figure c shows that PNP can reach up to 95% of adsorption in presence of CPC. At highest CPC concentrations, desorption occurs due to the formation of micelles in the solution. Our magsorbents appear to efficiently remove ionic and hydrophobic pollutants and we hope that this fundamental research will be helpful for the future development of magnetically assisted processes in water treatment plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title=" alginate"> alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magsorbent" title=" magsorbent"> magsorbent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20pollutant" title=" organic pollutant"> organic pollutant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2514/magnetic-biomaterials-for-removing-organic-pollutants-from-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Design and Development of Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Teotia">Vikas Teotia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Malhotra"> Sanjay Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elina%20Mishra"> Elina Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Kumar"> Prashant Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20R.%20Singh"> R. R. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Ukarde"> Priti Ukarde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20P.%20Marathe"> P. P. Marathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Mayya"> Y. S. Mayya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay is developing low energy high intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) as pre-injector for 1 GeV proton accelerator for accelerator driven sub-critical reactor system (ADSS). LEHIPA consists of RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) and DTL (Drift Tube Linac) as major accelerating structures. DTL is RF resonator operating in TM010 mode and provides longitudinal E-field for acceleration of charged particles. The RF design of drift tubes of DTL was carried out to maximize the shunt impedance; this demands the diameter of drift tubes (DTs) to be as low as possible. The width of the DT is however determined by the particle β and trade-off between a transit time factor and effective accelerating voltage in the DT gap. The array of Drift Tubes inside DTL shields the accelerating particle from decelerating RF phase and provides transverse focusing to the charged particles which otherwise tends to diverge due to Columbic repulsions and due to transverse e-field at entry of DTs. The magnetic lenses housed inside DTS controls the transverse emittance of the beam. Quadrupole magnets are preferred over solenoid magnets due to relative high focusing strength of former over later. The availability of small volume inside DTs for housing magnetic quadrupoles has motivated the usage of permanent magnet quadrupoles rather than Electromagnetic Quadrupoles (EMQ). This provides another advantage as joule heating is avoided which would have added thermal loaded in the continuous cycle accelerator. The beam dynamics requires uniformity of integral magnetic gradient to be better than ±0.5% with the nominal value of 2.05 tesla. The paper describes the magnetic design of the PMQ using Sm2Co17 rare earth permanent magnets. The paper discusses the results of five pre-series prototype fabrications and qualification of their prototype permanent magnet quadrupoles and a full scale DT developed with embedded PMQs. The paper discusses the magnetic pole design for optimizing integral Gdl uniformity and the value of higher order multipoles. A novel but simple method of tuning the integral Gdl is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTL" title="DTL">DTL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focusing" title=" focusing"> focusing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMQ" title=" PMQ"> PMQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton" title=" proton"> proton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20earth%20magnets" title=" rate earth magnets"> rate earth magnets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35560/design-and-development-of-permanent-magnet-quadrupoles-for-low-energy-high-intensity-proton-accelerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Design and Control of a Brake-by-Wire System Using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20S.%20Gamba">Daniel S. Gamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20S%C3%A1nchez"> Marc Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20P%C3%A9rez"> Javier Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20J.%20Castillo"> Juan J. Castillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Cabrera"> Juan A. Cabrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conventional hydraulic braking system operates through the activation of a master cylinder and solenoid valves that distribute and regulate brake fluid flow, adjusting the pressure at each wheel to prevent locking during sudden braking. However, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the integration of electronic units into various vehicle control systems. In this context, one of the technologies most recently researched is the Brake-by-wire system, which combines electronic, hydraulic, and mechanical technologies to manage braking. This proposal introduces the design and control of a Brake-by-wire system, which will be part of a fully electric and teleoperated vehicle. This vehicle will have independent four-wheel drive, braking, and steering systems. The vehicle will be operated by embedded controllers programmed into a Speedgoat test system, which allows programming through Simulink and real-time capabilities. The braking system comprises all mechanical and electrical components, a vehicle control unit (VCU), and an electronic control unit (ECU). The mechanical and electrical components include a permanent magnet synchronous motor from Odrive and its inverter, the mechanical transmission system responsible for converting torque into pressure, and the hydraulic system that transmits this pressure to the brake caliper. The VCU is responsible for controlling the pressure and communicates with the other components through the CAN protocol, minimizing response times. The ECU, in turn, transmits the information obtained by a sensor installed in the caliper to the central computer, enabling the control loop to continuously regulate pressure by controlling the motor's speed and current. To achieve this, tree controllers are used, operating in a nested configuration for effective control. Since the computer allows programming in Simulink, a digital model of the braking system has been developed in Simscape, which makes it possible to reproduce different operating conditions, faithfully simulate the performance of alternative brake control systems, and compare the results with data obtained in various real tests. These tests involve evaluating the system's response to sinusoidal and square wave inputs at different frequencies, with the results compared to those obtained from conventional braking systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=braking" title="braking">braking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAN%20protocol" title=" CAN protocol"> CAN protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet%20motor" title=" permanent magnet motor"> permanent magnet motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20control" title=" pressure control"> pressure control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192031/design-and-control-of-a-brake-by-wire-system-using-a-permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20electromagnet&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20electromagnet&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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