CINXE.COM

Tanzanian nationality law - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tanzanian nationality law - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ecf9a3b9-7f68-4261-bad3-493e87eb1f99","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tanzanian_nationality_law","wgTitle":"Tanzanian nationality law","wgCurRevisionId":1266397929,"wgRevisionId":1266397929,"wgArticleId":28454878,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from May 2013","Use dmy dates from January 2022","CS1: long volume value","Nationality law","Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations","Law of Tanzania"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tanzanian_nationality_law","wgRelevantArticleId":28454878,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7684173","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.19"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/1200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1391"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/800px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="927"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/640px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="742"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tanzanian nationality law - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tanzanian_nationality_law rootpage-Tanzanian_nationality_law skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Tanzanian+nationality+law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Tanzanian+nationality+law" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Tanzanian+nationality+law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Tanzanian+nationality+law" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Acquisition of nationality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquisition_of_nationality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquisition of nationality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_naturalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_naturalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By naturalisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_naturalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Loss of nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dual nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Commonwealth citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_African_Community_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_African_Community_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>East African Community citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_African_Community_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_and_outsider_contact_(1498–1884)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_and_outsider_contact_(1498–1884)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>African and outsider contact (1498–1884)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_and_outsider_contact_(1498–1884)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanganyika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanganyika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Tanganyika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanganyika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_rule_(1884–1922)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_rule_(1884–1922)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>German rule (1884–1922)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_rule_(1884–1922)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_mandate/trust_territory_of_Tanganyika_(1922–1961)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_mandate/trust_territory_of_Tanganyika_(1922–1961)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>British mandate/trust territory of Tanganyika (1922–1961)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_mandate/trust_territory_of_Tanganyika_(1922–1961)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zanzibari_subjects_in_the_protectorate_(1911–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zanzibari_subjects_in_the_protectorate_(1911–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Zanzibari subjects in the protectorate (1911–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zanzibari_subjects_in_the_protectorate_(1911–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_and_other_British_protected_persons_living_in_the_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1914–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_and_other_British_protected_persons_living_in_the_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1914–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Indian and other British protected persons living in the Zanzibar Protectorate (1914–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_and_other_British_protected_persons_living_in_the_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1914–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_and_British-Indian_subjects_living_in_the_Tanganyika_Territory_and_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_and_British-Indian_subjects_living_in_the_Tanganyika_Territory_and_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>British and British-Indian subjects living in the Tanganyika Territory and Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_and_British-Indian_subjects_living_in_the_Tanganyika_Territory_and_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-union_(1961–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-union_(1961–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Pre-union (1961–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-union_(1961–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-union_(1964–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-union_(1964–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Post-union (1964–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-union_(1964–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanzanian nationality law</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قانون الجنسية التنزانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون الجنسية التنزانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokar_kasar_Tanzaniya" title="Dokar kasar Tanzaniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dokar kasar Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansanian_kansalaisuus" title="Tansanian kansalaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tansanian kansalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7684173#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tanzanian_nationality_law" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tanzanian_nationality_law" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;oldid=1266397929" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;id=1266397929&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTanzanian_nationality_law"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTanzanian_nationality_law"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7684173" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Tanzania Citizenship Act</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="291" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tanzania">Parliament of Tanzania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Tanzania Citizenship Act No. 6 of 1995 </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tanzania">Government of Tanzania</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b>Status:</b> Current legislation</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">nationality law</a></b> is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Tanzania">Constitution of Tanzania</a>, as amended; the Tanzania Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201632–34,_37,_136_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201632–34,_37,_136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The legal means to acquire <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a>, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosas199434_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosas199434-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth countries</a>, including Tanzania, often use the terms nationality and citizenship as synonyms, despite recognising their legal distinction and the fact that they are regulated by different governmental administrative bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For much of Tanzania's history <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a> policy curtailed domestic rights and nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tanzanian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of <a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a>, i.e. by birth in the territory, or <a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a>, i.e. by birth in Tanzania or abroad to parents with Tanzanian nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201647,_56_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201647,_56-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201694_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201694-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_of_nationality">Acquisition of nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Acquisition of nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Commonwealth citizenship</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg/150px-Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg/225px-Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg/300px-Commonwealth_Flag_2013.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Timeline of the Commonwealth of Nations">History</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Member states</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Nationality laws</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_nationality_law" title="Antiguan and Barbudan nationality law">Antiguan and Barbudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbados nationality law">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Basotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">I-Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian citizenship">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Ni-Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vicent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Swazi nationality law">Swazi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Issues, rights, and visas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Australian permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">British indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residency in Canada">Canadian permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_permanent_residency" title="New Zealand permanent residency">New Zealand permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency_in_Singapore" title="Permanent residency in Singapore">Singaporean permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a> <br /><small><i>(in certain <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_visa" title="UK Ancestry visa">UK Ancestry visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Right of abode in the United Kingdom">UK right of abode</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Relevant legislation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971" title="Immigration Act 1971">Immigration Act 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a> / <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1968" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizen" title="Template:Commonwealth citizen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizen" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Persons can acquire nationality in Tanzania by birth or later in life through naturalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012–13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012–13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_birth">By birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: By birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any child born within the borders of the United Republic of Tanzania, on or after Union Day, 26 April 1964, is granted Tanzanian nationality, except for children of a father who has <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a>, or parents who were <a href="/wiki/Enemy_aliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemy aliens">enemy aliens</a> and the territory was under enemy occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20164,_56_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20164,_56-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In practice, for a child to acquire nationality at birth one of its parents must be Tanzanian, or the parents must be unknown, as in the case of an <a href="/wiki/Child_abandonment" title="Child abandonment">abandoned child</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201647_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201647-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A person born outside Tanzania also has the right to Tanzanian nationality by birth provided that at least one of their parents is Tanzanian by birth or naturalization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201656_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201656-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, Tanzanian fathers born abroad are not able to pass their nationality on to their children, meaning that if a child's father acquired nationality by birth abroad, his child can only acquire nationality through naturalisation. The same rule does not apply to children born abroad to Tanzanian mothers who have acquired nationality by birth abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_naturalisation">By naturalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: By naturalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any foreign national with no ancestry or birth ties with Tanzania may apply for <a href="/wiki/Naturalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalisation">naturalisation</a>. In order for a foreign national to become Tanzanian they must have resided in the territory for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand either <a href="/wiki/Kiswahili" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiswahili">Swahili</a> or the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> and the customs and traditions of the society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> General provisions are that applicants must be of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> and have <a href="/wiki/Capacity_(law)" title="Capacity (law)">legal capacity</a>; have good character; have the ability to contribute to the growth of the social and cultural advancement of the country; and intend to permanently reside in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Residency for the full year preceding an application is required, as well as evidence that over the preceding ten-year period, the applicant has cumulatively lived in Tanzania for at least seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the lodging of the application and paying fees to the Ward Executive Secretary or Zanzibari Sheha, local village administrators, the application is sent to the District Immigration Office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2008152–153_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2008152–153-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The applicant must publish a notice of intention to naturalise in two consecutive issues of the registered newspapers. After the application has been scrutinised by various officials, a final recommendation is made to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Tanzania)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Tanzania)">Minister of Home Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> If the application is successful, applicants must renounce foreign nationality and take an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_allegiance" title="Oath of allegiance">oath of allegiance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Besides foreigners meeting the criteria,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> other persons who may be naturalized include: </p> <ul><li>Children born abroad to a father who acquired nationality by descent because of his birth abroad may naturalise without meeting other requirements;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Minor children may be naturalised simultaneously with their parents;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Adoptees may apply for naturalisation upon completion of a legal adoption;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201659_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201659-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Any minor may be naturalised at the discretion of the Minister of Home Affairs if special circumstances exist;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The wife of a Tanzanian husband may upon request become naturalised, if she is willing to renounce other nationality and take an oath of allegiance, unless she previously was <a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">denaturalised</a> or <a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">renounced</a> Tanzanian nationality; or<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014–15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014–15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wives who previously lost Tanzanian nationality must obtain approval from the Minister of Home Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loss_of_nationality">Loss of nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Loss of nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tanzanian nationals can voluntarily renounce it by registering a request, providing proof of other nationality, surrendering their Tanzanian passport, and obtaining approval from the Minister of Home Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016115_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2016115-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nationals by birth or naturalisation may be <a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">denaturalized</a> in Tanzania for obtaining other nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016111_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2016111-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those who acquired Tanzanian status by naturalisation may have their citizenship revoked for acting in a foreign country in a manner, such as voting or holding elected office, which is an exclusive right of a citizen; for fraud in a naturalisation application; for criminal convictions carrying a sentence of at least twelve months within five years of naturalisation; for disloyal behaviour or crimes against the state; or for five years residence abroad without registering with authorities their intention to retain Tanzanian nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016111_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2016111-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015–16_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015–16-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Re-acquisition of nationality that has been lost through renunciation by a woman who married a foreigner, may be granted at the discretion of the Minister of Home Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dual_nationality">Dual nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Dual nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tanzania does not allow its nationals to hold <a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">dual nationality</a>, except in the case of persons under the age of eighteen who had multiple nationality from birth. Multiple nationals automatically lose their Tanzanian citizenship at majority, unless they renounce all other nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commonwealth_citizenship">Commonwealth citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Commonwealth citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">State of Tanganyika</a> became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> on 9 December 1961 and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> joined the Commonwealth on 10 December 1963. Since 26 April 1964, following the merger of the Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (known as the United Republic of Tanzania since 29 October 1964) was a Commonwealth country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111300_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111300-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Being that it is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, in the United Kingdom, Tanzanian citizens are also <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>, a status which entitles them to certain rights and benefits in that country. Amongst some of the benefits, in some countries without Tanzanian consular representation, citizens of the United Republic may enquire or seek assistance with the United Kingdom's High Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office20143,_6_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office20143,_6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tanzanians may not hold office, vote, or enter or work in other Commonwealth countries without visas or permits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="East_African_Community_citizenship">East African Community citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: East African Community citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, Tanzania, and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> signed the Treaty for East African Cooperation, creating the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201756–57_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201756–57-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It collapsed in 1977, but negotiations continued until 1984 on final dissolution because of an inability to reach agreement on the distribution of the organizations assets and liabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201766–67,_74_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201766–67,_74-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 1999, the three countries signed a new treaty to reestablish the organization effective on 7 July 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201775_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201775-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The community expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and since 2016, has included <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. The organization has a shared East African Legislative Assembly, East African Court of Justice and issues an East African Passport to assist in free movement of EAC citizens in member countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouille202119_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouille202119-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> National identity cards can also be used to verify that an individual is a national of a member country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018b3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018b3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It also has developed policies to assist local business in facilitating trade and attracting foreign investments, through a <a href="/wiki/Common_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Common market">common market</a> system launched in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouille202120_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouille202120-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017285_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017285-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the common market treaty capital, goods, labour and services were to be allowed free movement within the member countries, meaning tariff barriers and obstacles to trade were removed; workers and their family members would not be subject to discriminatory labour laws or permits; and business, communication, distribution, education, financial, tourist, and transport services would operate freely among members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017289-290_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017289-290-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiriri2010_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiriri2010-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humans began settling in the region some ten thousand years establishing small villages throughout the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rift Valley">Rift Valley</a>. The first known people were <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a>-speakers, who were joined by <a href="/wiki/Cushitic_speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushitic speaking peoples">Cushitic</a> migrants from Ethiopia around 1000 BC, and later <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> who arrived in the western region around 1000 AD. These various groups had little interaction. By the tenth century, semi-<a href="/wiki/Nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic">nomadic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_peoples" title="Nilotic peoples">Nilotic peoples</a> had begun to settle in the north and northwestern region. Most of these Nilotic people settled in permanent villages and intermarried with Bantu people, but some groups, like the <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai people</a> retained their nomadic traditions. Through the eighteenth century, most settlements in the region were scattered and independently governed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Between 1000 and 1300 AD <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> merchants began settling along the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a> and offshore islands, establishing villages and Afro-Arab trade networks. By the fifteenth century, these trade networks dominated the coastal area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_and_outsider_contact_(1498–1884)"><span id="African_and_outsider_contact_.281498.E2.80.931884.29"></span>African and outsider contact (1498–1884)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: African and outsider contact (1498–1884)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1498, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> reached the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> coast, and landed at <a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a>, before proceeding north to encounter hostile Arab sultanates, which were aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Kilwa Sultanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrestage193685–86_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrestage193685–86-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1500, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> landed on <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa Island</a> and two years later, da Gama returned to the island and claimed it for Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1503 or 1504, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruy_Louren%C3%A7o_Marques_Ravasco&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruy Lourenço Marques Ravasco (page does not exist)">Ruy Lourenço Marques Ravasco</a> (also known as Rui Lourenço Ravasco) landed on <a href="/wiki/Unguja" title="Unguja">Unguja</a> and engaged in a battle with the local inhabitants. Defeating the local ruler, Portugal laid claim to <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESindima2018129_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESindima2018129-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1505, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Almeida" title="Francisco de Almeida">Francisco de Almeida</a> seized the island and began construction of a trading fort at São Thiago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1652, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omani_people&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Omani people (page does not exist)">Omani tribesmen</a> from <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a> attacked the Portuguese settlements on <a href="/wiki/Pemba_Island" title="Pemba Island">Pemba Island</a> and Zanzibar. They continued attacks along the coast to the <a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_River" title="Ruvuma River">Ruvuma River</a> in the 1660s and by 1698 had captured <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesus" title="Fort Jesus">Fort Jesus</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Mombasa_Island" title="Mombasa Island">Mombasa Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the late eighteenth century the <a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani Empire</a> had established control over Kilwa and the coastal region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Few foreign explorers or merchants attempted to travel into the interior until the eighteenth century. By 1800, <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_people" title="Nyamwezi people">Nyamwezi people</a> had begun participating in trade with the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Between 1811 and 1820, the Sultan of Zanzibar sent caravans inland in search of ivory and slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 1830, Arab-Swahili merchants had networks running from the coastal towns to trading posts in <a href="/wiki/Tabora" title="Tabora">Tabora</a> and as far west as <a href="/wiki/Ujiji" title="Ujiji">Ujiji</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a> in the south to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Buganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Buganda">Kingdom of Buganda</a> in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Increased activity from Europeans and Americans began in the early nineteenth century. Britain signed the <a href="/wiki/Moresby_Treaty" title="Moresby Treaty">Moresby Treaty</a> with the Sultan of Zanzibar, outlawing the sale of slaves to Christian merchants. Further treaties were conclude in 1833 with the United States, 1844 with France, and 1858 with Germany to allow trade in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii,_1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii,_1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the end of the nineteenth century, Germany and Britain were competing for control of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanganyika">Tanganyika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Tanganyika"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_rule_(1884–1922)"><span id="German_rule_.281884.E2.80.931922.29"></span>German rule (1884–1922)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: German rule (1884–1922)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1884, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Peters" title="Carl Peters">Carl Peters</a> was sent to the area by the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_German_Colonization" title="Society for German Colonization">Society for German Colonization</a> and secured twelve treaties with local rulers granting Germany territorial rights to an area of around 2,500 square miles stretching from <a href="/wiki/Usagara" title="Usagara">Usagara</a> southward to the <a href="/wiki/Nguru_Mountains" title="Nguru Mountains">Nguru Mountains</a> and then east to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzigua_Forest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzigua Forest (page does not exist)">Uzigua Forest</a> in the current <a href="/wiki/Pwani_Region" title="Pwani Region">Pwani Region</a>, before meeting the coast at Ukami, near <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>. In February 1885, <a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">Kaiser William I</a> issued a decree acknowledging the annexations and gave Peters a charter to colonize and govern the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dar es Salaam was ceded to the Germans on 19 August 1885, and Britain agreed to Germany's establishment of a protectorate over the area between the Ruvuma River and the Kenyan border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1886 an Anglo-German agreement divided the territories controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar between Britain and Germany, leaving the Sultan in control of the <a href="/wiki/Lamu_Archipelago" title="Lamu Archipelago">Lamu Archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mafia_Island" title="Mafia Island">Mafia</a> and Pemba Islands, and Zanzibar as well as a strip of land on the mainland coast from <a href="/wiki/Kipini" title="Kipini">Kipini</a> to Tunghi Bay near <a href="/wiki/Mikindani" title="Mikindani">Mikindani</a>, extending inland ten miles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix,_2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix,_2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth2006128_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth2006128-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1888, Germany was granted a fifty-year lease over the coastal strip by the Sultan of Zanzibar, giving it virtual control of the mainland territory of modern Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of the German Colonial Act of 1888, German colonies were not part of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">federal union</a>, but they were also not considered foreign. Thus, laws that were extended to the colonies sometimes treated residents as nationals and other times as foreigners. German law applied to those subjects who had been born in Germany. Native subjects in the colonies were not considered to be German, but were allowed to naturalize.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoeb190047_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoeb190047-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Naturalization required ten years residence in the territory and proof of self-employment. It was automatically bestowed upon all members of a family, meaning children and wives derived the nationality of the husband.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1894 the German government established <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a>, including parts of present day <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, and Tanzania as a formal colony under its protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamannBerger2019125_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamannBerger2019125-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under German rule, <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">British Indians</a>, who had first migrated as traders to the region in 1832 and later served as <a href="/wiki/Indian_indenture_system" title="Indian indenture system">indentured workers</a> to build the railway, were not considered to be British, and held a status akin to natives in German East Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMesakiBapumia2015_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesakiBapumia2015-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Nationality Law of 1913</a> changed the basis for acquiring German nationality from <a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)" title="Domicile (law)">domicile</a> to <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineality</a>, but did not alter derivative nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1914 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, German and British forces skirmished in the northern border region of German East Africa. By the end of 1916, Belgian and British forces established a military occupation for the territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Line_(Tanzania)" title="Central Line (Tanzania)">Tanganyika Railway</a>. By March 1918, the Germans had been driven south to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> and a British military administrator took over the management of German East Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott19255_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott19255-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Three years after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> was signed in 1919, <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika Territory</a> became a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandated territory</a>, under the authority of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20202–3_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20202–3-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_mandate/trust_territory_of_Tanganyika_(1922–1961)"><span id="British_mandate.2Ftrust_territory_of_Tanganyika_.281922.E2.80.931961.29"></span>British mandate/trust territory of Tanganyika (1922–1961)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: British mandate/trust territory of Tanganyika (1922–1961)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britain officially began its mandate over Tanganyika on 20 July 1922 acquiring <a href="/wiki/Extraterritorial_jurisdiction" title="Extraterritorial jurisdiction">extraterritorial jurisdiction</a> over <a href="/wiki/British_subjects" class="mw-redirect" title="British subjects">British subjects</a> in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under British law, mandated territories were outside the Crown's dominions, meaning that British nationality laws did not apply to natives, but only to British subjects born to British fathers who may have been domiciled in a mandated place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a protected territory, Britain took responsibility for both internal and external administration, including defense and foreign relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Indigenous persons who were born in a mandate were treated as British Protected Persons and were not entitled to be British nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 13 December 1946, the territory officially became a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations Trust Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the 1949 British <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a>, persons who were indigenous to Tanganyika were defined as Protected Persons, outside the nationality schemes for British subjects, and acquisition of protected status depended upon birth in the territory or abroad to father who was a native of Tanganyika.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20203–4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20203–4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)"><span id="Zanzibar_Protectorate_.281890.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British established a protectorate over the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba on 4 November 1890, acquiring extraterritorial jurisdiction over British subjects. To gain Germany's acceptance for the creation of the protectorate, Britain ceded <a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> to Germany that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> British Nationality Acts did not extend beyond the bounds of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, meaning that under Britain's rules of conquest, <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudential_reception" title="Jurisprudential reception">laws in place</a> at the time of acquisition remained in place until changed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20084_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20084-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because the Sultan of Zanzibar had an existing government, Zanzibar was treated as a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate#Protected_state" title="Protectorate">Protected State</a> under British laws, rather than a protectorate, for which Britain would have administered internal and external government functions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169–71,_1297_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169–71,_1297-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zanzibari_subjects_in_the_protectorate_(1911–1963)"><span id="Zanzibari_subjects_in_the_protectorate_.281911.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Zanzibari subjects in the protectorate (1911–1963)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Zanzibari subjects in the protectorate (1911–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911, the Sultan of Zanzibar passed the Nationality and Naturalsation Decree (No. 12), which defined Zanzibari subjects as persons born or naturalised in Zanzibar, persons born abroad to a Zanzibari father, and wives of Zanzibari husbands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1952, the 1911 Decree was repealed, but persons who had acquired Zanzibari nationality under its provisions were confirmed as continuing to be Zanzibari subjects. The new Nationality Decree (No. 30-52) provided that anyone born in Zanzibar was Zanzibari, unless they were subjects of Belgium, France, or Portugal, as well as anyone born anywhere to a Zanzibari father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018b7_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018b7-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For those born abroad, their children could not derive their nationality without being born in Zanzibar, meaning that only one generation could acquire nationality abroad by descent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minor children and wives of any Zanzibari subject could be registered as nationals upon request and taking an oath of allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Requirements for naturalisation included legal majority and capacity; a continuous residency in the dominions of the Sultan of three years or five years if not continuous; knowledge of Arabic, English, or Kiswahili; and evidence of good character.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310,_1312_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310,_1312-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20205_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20205-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A minor amendment was made to these provisions by Decree No. 16 in 1958, which required continuous residence in the dominions of the Sultan for the year prior to application and cumulative residency of four years over the previous seven-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298,_1312_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298,_1312-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indian_and_other_British_protected_persons_living_in_the_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1914–1963)"><span id="Indian_and_other_British_protected_persons_living_in_the_Zanzibar_Protectorate_.281914.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Indian and other British protected persons living in the Zanzibar Protectorate (1914–1963)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Indian and other British protected persons living in the Zanzibar Protectorate (1914–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When British protectorates were established in 1815, there was little difference between the rights of British subjects and protected persons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett2006560_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett2006560-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other than common law, there was no standard statutory law which applied for subjects throughout the realm, meaning different jurisdictions created their own legislation for local conditions, which often conflicted with the laws in other jurisdictions in the empire. Thus, a person who was naturalised in Canada, for example, would be considered a foreigner, rather than a British national, in Australia or South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similarly, Indians born in the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> were considered to be British subjects with full rights throughout the realm, but Indians born in the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely states</a> or the territories Britain governed in East Africa were considered to be <a href="/wiki/British_protected_person" title="British protected person">British Protected Persons</a> (BPPs).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOonk201573_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOonk201573-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1914, British protectorates were considered to be foreign territories lacking an internal government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When Britain extended this status over a territory, it took responsibility for both internal and external administration, including defense and foreign relations. Indigenous persons who were born in a protectorate were known as British Protected Persons and were not entitled to be British nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> BPPs had no <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a> to the United Kingdom and were unable to exercise rights of citizenship; however, they could be issued a passport and could access diplomatic services when traveling abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierbach2015264_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierbach2015264-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1914, the Alien Restriction Act clarified that while BPPs were not nationals, neither were they aliens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyerWray201412_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyerWray201412-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the law was amended in 1919, that provision remained the same, meaning that BPPs could not naturalise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199434_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199434-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Until 1934, when the British Protected Persons Order was drafted, the status of BPP was not statutory, but rather granted at the prerogative of the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under the 1934 Order, <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">belonger status</a> with regard to protected territories was defined to mean persons born before or after the Order in a protectorate who possessed no nationality and were not a British subject, or persons born abroad to a native of a protectorate who were stateless and not British subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111778_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111778-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The statute extended BPP status to children and wives of BPPs, if they were stateless, and specifically provided that if a woman married someone who was a national of another nation, she lost her BPP status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111779_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111779-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, the British Nationality Act clarified that BPPs born abroad in territories that were within the Crown's dominions were British subjects by virtue of <i>jus soli</i>, but those born within a protectorate were not subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett2006561_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett2006561-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The terms of the British Nationality Act 1948, retained the provisions that BPPs were not aliens and could not naturalise, but allowed BPPs to register as BPP of a protected place or as a British subject under certain conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1949, the British Protectorates, Protected States and Protected Persons Order in Council repealed former orders about BPPs and detailed provisions for conferring protected status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174,_1781_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174,_1781-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It provided that protected persons were BPPs of a protectorate if they were born there; if they were born abroad to a father who was a native of a protectorate; or if at the time of their birth their father was a BPP. It also allowed women married to BPPs to register as a BPP and allowed certain nationals of foreign countries to register as BPPs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111781_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111781-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under its terms, BPPs of the Zanzibar Protectorate were allowed to naturalise as British subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minor changes to protected persons' status were made by Orders of Council in 1952, 1953, 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1962, but major changes did not occur until 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111783–1785_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111783–1785-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_and_British-Indian_subjects_living_in_the_Tanganyika_Territory_and_Zanzibar_Protectorate_(1890–1963)"><span id="British_and_British-Indian_subjects_living_in_the_Tanganyika_Territory_and_Zanzibar_Protectorate_.281890.E2.80.931963.29"></span>British and British-Indian subjects living in the Tanganyika Territory and Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: British and British-Indian subjects living in the Tanganyika Territory and Zanzibar Protectorate (1890–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, allegiance, in which subjects pledged to support a monarch, was the precursor to the modern concept of nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011129_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011129-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The crown recognized from 1350 that all persons born within the territories of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> were subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those born outside the realm — except children of those serving in an official post abroad, children of the monarch, and children born on a British ship — were considered by <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> to be foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011131_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011131-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marriage did not affect the status of a subject of the realm,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but under common law, single women, including divorcées, were not allowed to be parents thus their children could not derive nationality maternally and were stateless unless <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">legitimated</a> by their father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011138_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011138-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For British subjects, and their descendants, throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, in 1911, at the <a href="/wiki/1911_Imperial_Conference" title="1911 Imperial Conference">Imperial Conference</a> a decision was made to draft a common nationality code.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011145_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011145-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_and_Status_of_Aliens_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914">British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914</a> allowed local jurisdictions in the British <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">self-governing territories</a> to continue regulating nationality in their jurisdictions, but also established an imperial nationality scheme for use in the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the Act, common law provisions were reiterated for natural-born persons born within the realm on or after the effective date. By using the word <i>person</i>, the statute nullified legitimacy requirements for <i>jus soli</i> nationals, meaning an illegitimate child could derive nationality from its mother.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011148_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011148-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and could only be derived by a child from a British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011150–151_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011150–151-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It also provided that a married woman derived her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELlewellyn-Jones1929123_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELlewellyn-Jones1929123-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011151_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011151-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British. It allowed that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalization without meeting a residency requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001528_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001528-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Naturalization required five years residence or service to the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011155_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011155-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amendments to the British Nationality Act were enacted in 1918, 1922, 1933 and 1943 changing derivative nationality by descent and modifying slightly provisions for women to lose their nationality upon marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011149_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011149-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of a rise in statelessness, a woman who did not automatically acquire her husband's nationality upon marriage or upon his naturalization in another country, did not lose her British status after 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 1943 revision allowed a child born abroad at any time to be a British national by descent if the Secretary of State agreed to register the birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a>, British nationals in the Tanganyika Territory and Zanzibar Protectorate were reclassified at that time as "Citizens of the UK and Colonies" (CUKC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295,_1297_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295,_1297-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The basic British nationality scheme did not change overmuch, and typically those who were previously defined as British remained the same. Changes included that wives and children no longer automatically acquired the status of the husband or father, children who acquired nationality by descent no longer were required to make a retention declaration, and registrations for children born abroad were extended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011175–176_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011175–176-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-union_(1961–1963)"><span id="Pre-union_.281961.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Pre-union (1961–1963)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Pre-union (1961–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 December 1961, Tanganyika gained its independence. Under the Independence Constitution, Tanganyikan nationality was conferred on that date upon anyone who had previously been born in Tanganyika or any person who had previously been a CUKC or BPP of Tanganyika, if one of its parents had also been born in Tanganyika. Persons born outside of the territory were conferred nationality if their father became, or would have become except for his death, Tanganyikan by birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those who acquired Tanganyikan status ceased to be British; however provisions were made for persons, such as the large Indian population who might have been born in the territory but whose father was not or wives of persons who did not acquire Tanganyikan nationality, to retain their status as CUKCs or BPPs if they had been born, registered, or naturalised in a place which remained part of the British realm or a state protected by Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295–1296_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295–1296-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those born after independence acquired nationality by birth in Tanganyika, as long as neither parent was an enemy alien or had <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a> or by birth abroad through a father who had been born in Tanganyika, as long as the father had not been a CUKC or BPP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206–7_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206–7-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For a two-year period after independence persons, or their guardians for minor children, who had been born in Tanganyika to foreigners prior to independence; wives of Tanganyikans whose husbands became Tanganyikan at independence or would have become nationals except for their death, wives whose husbands registered in the transitional period or divorcées of such a person; and persons who had previously been naturalised or registered as CUKCs in Tanganyika were allowed to register as nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>Notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After independence, wives could be naturalised upon marriage to a Tanganyikan, but naturalisation rules were to be provided in the nationality law. Dual nationality was permissible only to minors born with multiple nationalities. Upon reaching majority, one nationality was required to renounced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the one-year anniversary of independence Tanganyika became a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> within the Commonwealth and adopted verbatim the rules contained in the Independence Constitution as the Citizenship Act 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111296_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111296-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1962, Tanganyika amended its Citizenship Act (Law No. 69) to allow "persons of African descent from Angola, the Cape Verde Islands, the Comorian Islands, French Somaliland, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, the San Tome and Principe Islands, Spanish West Africa, and the Republic of South Africa" to acquire Tanganyikan nationality after a five-year residency if they were proficient in English or Swahili. It was also amended in 1963 (Law No. 19) to allow any woman married after independence to be registered as a national upon marriage to a Tanganyikan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 10 December 1963, Zanzibar acquired independence and persons who had been BPPs in the protectorate ceased to hold that status. Anyone who had been a subject prior to independence was conferred Zanzibari nationality at independence, thus even CUKCs who had been born in Zanzibar were no longer British nationals. The only exceptions were persons (and their wives) who were born, registered, or naturalised in a place that remained within the British realm after independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After independence, nationality was acquired by persons born in the Sultan's dominions to Zanzibari parents, as long as the father did not have diplomatic immunity or was classed as an enemy alien. Persons born outside the Sultan's territories could acquire nationality through a Zanzibari father. Wives of Zanzibari husbands and parents or guardians of minor children who were not Zanzibari could apply on behalf of the child for nationality through registration. Nationality provisions did not change from the 1958 Decree.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20209_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20209-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 January 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a> broke out and the sultan was deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Afro-Shirazi_Party" title="Afro-Shirazi Party">Afro-Shirazi Party</a> took over the government, established a one-party state, and repealed the independence constitution. Under the Existing Laws Decree (No. 1-1964) the nationality statutes of 1911, as amended in 1958 became law again, meaning that certain Asian nationals who had become nationals at independence were deprived of their nationality and became stateless for approximately four months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298–1299_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298–1299-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-union_(1964–present)"><span id="Post-union_.281964.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-union (1964–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Post-union (1964–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 April 1964, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was formed, which was renamed as the United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Effective with the date of union, Tanganyika's Citizenship Act 1961 was modified (Tanganyika Extension and Amendment Decree, Law No. 5, 1964) to recognise nationals of the United Republic as those born prior to the union in either state as nationals of the new republic and those born after the union as nationals if they were born in any part of the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1980, refugees fleeing from violence in <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> were granted the right to apply for Tanzanian nationality as a group. Typical application processes and fees were waved and upon completion of the process, former refugee camps transitioned to Tanzanian villages. The process of receiving documents and nationality certificates was slow and many former refugees had still not received them after decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a299_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a299-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Burundi and Rwandan refugees migrated again in excellerated numbers from the mid-1990s, causing strain to Tanzania's ability to integrate the population and causing security concerns. In reaction, refugees were both expelled by the government and the army forceably removed refugees and closed the border with Rwanda in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a300_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a300-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though political developments in the country caused the constitution to be rewritten and amended, no changes were made to the nationality requirements or laws until 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010–11_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010–11-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the Citizenship Act 1961 was repealed though nationality gained under the former Act continues to be recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the Tanzania Citizenship Act 1995 anyone who was a national of Tanzania on or before 26 April 1964 and was born in either Tanganyika and Zanzibar, or was born abroad to parents who were nationals before the union, or had been previously naturalised or registered was conferred nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–13_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–13-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those born after the union, acquire nationality by birth in the territory to parents who are Tanzanian, unless the father had diplomatic immunity or either parent was an enemy alien, or by descent through a parent who is a Tanzanian national.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–12_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–12-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Act eliminated nationality by registration, consolidating former categories with naturalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Persons wishing to naturalise must renounce other nationality, speak one of the languages of the country, be of good character and able to contribute to the country's development, and have lived in the country for a minimum of eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wives of Tanzanians may naturalize after proving that they are legally married, that their husband is Tanzanian, hold a valid passport, and have immigrated. Neither widows nor divorcées are entitled to naturalise. Dual nationality is prohibited except for minor children who acquired multiple nationality from birth. At majority only one nationality is allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, the army again was ordered to expel refugees residing outside of designated camps. In 1998, a Refugee Act was passed requiring refugees to live in designated areas. This policy was updated as the National Refugee Policy in 2003 with plans to extend nationality to certain refugees. In June 2003, the Tanzanian government offered Somali refugees who had fled the civil war in their country the opportunity to acquire Tanzanian nationality. It extended a similar offer in 2007 to Burundi nationals and their descendants who had left their homeland since 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2011, a Constitutional Review Commission was formed which carried out public consultations before preparing a Draft Constitution in 2013. The draft proposals would recognise nationality based on birth to a Tanzanian and would replace the naturalisation scheme by reintroducing registration. Under its provisions either spouse would be able to register as Tanzanian by marriage and would be unaffected by a termination of the marriage if registered. It would make provisions for foundlings who are under age seven to acquire nationality<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202023_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202023-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and does not address dual nationality or deprivation of nationality, but does contain a provision that laws concerning acquisition will be made by the national parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202024_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202024-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A referendum to adopt the proposed draft in 2015 was postponed and the process has stalled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202025_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202025-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2013, the refugee program was suspended while the naturalisation processes were incomplete. Approximately 35,000 refugees were forcibly expelled, before the policy resumed processing naturalisation petitions for Burundi refugees in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_passport" title="Tanzanian passport">Tanzanian passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Tanzanian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Tanzanian citizens">Visa requirements for Tanzanian citizens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A commission was convened in 1946 to review nationality of the inhabitants in former German colonies. It concluded that inhabitants of mandates did not acquire British nationality and if they had been German nationals under the terms of the 1913 Nationality law, they became stateless when Germany abandoned its territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954460_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954460-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/D._P._O%27Connell" title="D. P. O&#39;Connell">D. P. O'Connell</a>, they were deemed to be "lacking nationality but enjoying an administrative status analogous to that of inhabitants of British protectorates".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A 2020 report on nationality prepared by Caroline Nalule and Anna Nambooze states that processing delays on the transitional applications resulted in registration of only 21,557, out of some 60,000 Asians who were eligible for registration, by the 1963 deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201632–34,_37,_136-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201632–34,_37,_136_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, pp.&#160;32–34, 37, 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20166–7_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, pp.&#160;6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosas199434-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosas199434_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosas1994">Rosas 1994</a>, p.&#160;34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20201_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201647,_56-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201647,_56_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, pp.&#160;47, 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201694-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201694_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202013_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012–13-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202012–13_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20164,_56-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby20164,_56_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, pp.&#160;4, 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201647-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201647_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201656-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201656_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201695-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201695_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2008152–153-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2008152–153_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2008">Crawford 2008</a>, pp.&#160;152–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby201659-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby201659_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014–15-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202014–15_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2016115-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016115_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, pp.&#160;115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2016111-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016111_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2016111_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2016">Manby 2016</a>, p.&#160;111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202016-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202016_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015–16-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202015–16_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111300-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111300_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office20143,_6-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office20143,_6_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office2014">Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office 2014</a>, pp.&#160;3, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloom2011">Bloom 2011</a>, p.&#160;654.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201756–57-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201756–57_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMshomba2017">Mshomba 2017</a>, pp.&#160;56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201766–67,_74-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201766–67,_74_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMshomba2017">Mshomba 2017</a>, pp.&#160;66–67, 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMshomba201775-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMshomba201775_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMshomba2017">Mshomba 2017</a>, p.&#160;75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouille202119-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouille202119_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrouille2021">Trouille 2021</a>, p.&#160;19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018b3-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018b3_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2018b">Manby 2018b</a>, p.&#160;3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouille202120-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouille202120_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrouille2021">Trouille 2021</a>, p.&#160;20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017285-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017285_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGastornMasinde2017">Gastorn &amp; Masinde 2017</a>, p.&#160;285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017289-290-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGastornMasinde2017289-290_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGastornMasinde2017">Gastorn &amp; Masinde 2017</a>, p.&#160;289-290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiriri2010-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiriri2010_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiriri2010">Miriri 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeath2010-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeath2010_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeath2010">Heath 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xvii_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, p.&#160;xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrestage193685–86-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrestage193685–86_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrestage1936">Prestage 1936</a>, pp.&#160;85–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESindima2018129-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESindima2018129_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSindima2018">Sindima 2018</a>, p.&#160;129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarros_Gomes188853_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarros_Gomes1888">Barros Gomes 1888</a>, p.&#160;53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, p.&#160;xviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii,_1-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xviii,_1_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, pp.&#160;xviii, 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager19972_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, p.&#160;2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, p.&#160;xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix,_2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOfcanskyYeager1997xix,_2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997">Ofcansky &amp; Yeager 1997</a>, pp.&#160;xix, 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth2006128-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth2006128_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOkoth2006">Okoth 2006</a>, p.&#160;128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoeb190047-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoeb190047_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoeb1900">Loeb 1900</a>, p.&#160;47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahrmeir1997">Fahrmeir 1997</a>, p.&#160;734.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamannBerger2019125-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamannBerger2019125_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamannBerger2019">Hamann &amp; Berger 2019</a>, p.&#160;125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesakiBapumia2015-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMesakiBapumia2015_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMesakiBapumia2015">Mesaki &amp; Bapumia 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahrmeir1997">Fahrmeir 1997</a>, p.&#160;751.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommission_on_the_Status_of_Women1954">Commission on the Status of Women 1954</a>, p.&#160;42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott19255-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott19255_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScott1925">Scott 1925</a>, p.&#160;5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20202–3-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20202–3_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111294_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954460-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954460_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO&#39;Connell1954">O'Connell 1954</a>, p.&#160;460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO&#39;Connell1954461_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO&#39;Connell1954">O'Connell 1954</a>, p.&#160;461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20203–4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20203–4_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111297_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20084-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20084_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2008">Glenn 2008</a>, p.&#160;4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011130_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman201169–71,_1297-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman201169–71,_1297_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;69–71, 1297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298_67-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018b7-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018b7_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2018b">Manby 2018b</a>, p.&#160;7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310,_1312-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111310,_1312_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1310, 1312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20205-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20205_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298,_1312-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298,_1312_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1298, 1312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett2006560-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett2006560_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett2006">Dummett 2006</a>, p.&#160;560.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p.&#160;526.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOonk201573-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOonk201573_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOonk2015">Oonk 2015</a>, p.&#160;73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolack1963144_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPolack1963">Polack 1963</a>, p.&#160;144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierbach2015264-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierbach2015264_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBierbach2015">Bierbach 2015</a>, p.&#160;264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyerWray201412-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyerWray201412_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSawyerWray2014">Sawyer &amp; Wray 2014</a>, p.&#160;12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMwalimu2005252_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMwalimu2005">Mwalimu 2005</a>, p.&#160;252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199434-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199434_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTagupa1994">Tagupa 1994</a>, p.&#160;34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111778-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111778_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1778.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111779-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111779_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1779.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett2006561-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett2006561_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett2006">Dummett 2006</a>, p.&#160;561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174,_1781-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011174,_1781_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;174, 1781.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111781-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111781_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1781.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111783–1785-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111783–1785_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1783–1785.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011129-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011129_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011131-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011131_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001525_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p.&#160;525.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011138-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011138_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011145-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011145_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p.&#160;527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011148-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011148_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011150–151-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011150–151_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;150–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELlewellyn-Jones1929123-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELlewellyn-Jones1929123_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLlewellyn-Jones1929">Llewellyn-Jones 1929</a>, p.&#160;123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011151-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011151_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001528-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001528_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p.&#160;528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011155-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011155_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011149-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011149_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011163_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295,_1297-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295,_1297_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1295, 1297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman2011175–176-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman2011175–176_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;175–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295–1296-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111295–1296_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1295–1296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206–7-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20206–7_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20207_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20208_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111296-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111296_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20209-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze20209_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298–1299-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111298–1299_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, pp.&#160;1298–1299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111299_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p.&#160;1299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a299-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a299_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2018a">Manby 2018a</a>, p.&#160;299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a300-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a300_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2018a">Manby 2018a</a>, p.&#160;300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010–11-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202010–11_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–13-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–13_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–12-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202011–12_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, pp.&#160;11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManby2018a301_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManby2018a">Manby 2018a</a>, p.&#160;301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202023-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202023_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202024-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202024_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202025-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaluleNambooze202025_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020">Nalule &amp; Nambooze 2020</a>, p.&#160;25.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2001" class="citation journal cs1">Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3070746">"Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_British_Studies" title="Journal of British Studies">Journal of British Studies</a></i>. <b>40</b> (4). Chicago, Illinois: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">522–</span>556. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F386266">10.1086/386266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9371">0021-9371</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3070746">3070746</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4637986477">4637986477</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18161209">18161209</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5762190">5762190</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Subject+to+Empire%3A+Married+Women+and+the+British+Nationality+and+Status+of+Aliens+Act&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E522-%3C%2Fspan%3E556&amp;rft.date=2001-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5762190%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F386266&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4637986477&amp;rft.issn=0021-9371&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3070746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18161209&amp;rft.aulast=Baldwin&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+Page&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3070746&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarros_Gomes1888" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henrique_de_Barros_Gomes" title="Henrique de Barros Gomes">Barros Gomes, Henrique de</a> (1888). "Inclosure [sic] 1 in No. 101, 15 April 1887". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tbQ-AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA53"><i>Further Correspondence Relating to Zanzibar</i></a>. Africa. Vol.&#160;1. London: <a href="/wiki/H.M._Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="H.M. Stationery Office">H.M. Stationery Office</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">52–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70314211">70314211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Inclosure+%5Bsic%5D+1+in+No.+101%2C+15+April+1887&amp;rft.btitle=Further+Correspondence+Relating+to+Zanzibar&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.series=Africa&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&amp;rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&amp;rft.date=1888&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70314211&amp;rft.aulast=Barros+Gomes&amp;rft.aufirst=Henrique+de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbQ-AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA53&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBierbach2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Bierbach, Jeremy B. (2 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2534488/163521_DEFINITIEF_Bierbach_Frontiers_of_Equality_printed_edition.pdf"><i>Frontiers of Equality in the Development of EU and US Citizenship</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1030964358">1030964358</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117095228/https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2534488/163521_DEFINITIEF_Bierbach_Frontiers_of_Equality_printed_edition.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Frontiers+of+Equality+in+the+Development+of+EU+and+US+Citizenship&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Amsterdam&amp;rft.date=2015-09-02&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030964358&amp;rft.aulast=Bierbach&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.uva.nl%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F2534488%2F163521_DEFINITIEF_Bierbach_Frontiers_of_Equality_printed_edition.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bloom, Tendayi (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254350941">"Contradictions in Formal Commonwealth Citizenship Rights in Commonwealth Countries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table_(journal)" title="The Round Table (journal)">The Round Table</a></i>. <b>100</b> (417). London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: <span class="nowrap">639–</span>654. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00358533.2011.633381">10.1080/00358533.2011.633381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8533">0035-8533</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/774590933">774590933</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154726067">154726067</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table&amp;rft.atitle=Contradictions+in+Formal+Commonwealth+Citizenship+Rights+in+Commonwealth+Countries&amp;rft.volume=100&amp;rft.issue=417&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E639-%3C%2Fspan%3E654&amp;rft.date=2011-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F774590933&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154726067%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.issn=0035-8533&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358533.2011.633381&amp;rft.aulast=Bloom&amp;rft.aufirst=Tendayi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F254350941&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCommission_on_the_Status_of_Women1954" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">Commission on the Status of Women</a> (November 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1479261/files/E_CN-6_254-EN.pdf">Nationality of Married Women</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a>. E/CN.6/254.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Nationality+of+Married+Women&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+and+Social+Council&amp;rft.date=1954-11&amp;rft.au=Commission+on+the+Status+of+Women&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.un.org%2Frecord%2F1479261%2Ffiles%2FE_CN-6_254-EN.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2008" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Gordon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zxcdRP2WE4AC&amp;pg=PT153">"5. The Impact of Decentralisation on Poverty in Tanzania"</a>. In Crawford, Gordon; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). <i>Decentralisation in Africa: A Pathway Out of Poverty and Conflict?</i>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_University_Press" title="Amsterdam University Press">Amsterdam University Press</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">145–</span>168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-934-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-934-4"><bdi>978-90-5356-934-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=5.+The+Impact+of+Decentralisation+on+Poverty+in+Tanzania&amp;rft.btitle=Decentralisation+in+Africa%3A+A+Pathway+Out+of+Poverty+and+Conflict%3F&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E168&amp;rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-5356-934-4&amp;rft.aulast=Crawford&amp;rft.aufirst=Gordon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxcdRP2WE4AC%26pg%3DPT153&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDummett2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Dummett, Ann (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n00f.19">"15. United Kingdom"</a>. In Bauböck, Rainer; Ersbøll, Eva; Groenendijk, Kees; Waldrauch, Harald (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n00f"><i>Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European States</i></a>. Vol.&#160;2. Country Analyses. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_University_Press" title="Amsterdam University Press">Amsterdam University Press</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">551–</span>586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-921-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-921-4"><bdi>978-90-5356-921-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n00f.19">j.ctt46n00f.19</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=15.+United+Kingdom&amp;rft.btitle=Acquisition+and+Loss+of+Nationality%3A+Policies+and+Trends+in+15+European+States&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E551-%3C%2Fspan%3E586&amp;rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n00f.19%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-5356-921-4&amp;rft.aulast=Dummett&amp;rft.aufirst=Ann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n00f.19&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFahrmeir1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639885">"Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a></i>. <b>40</b> (3). Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">721–</span>752. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X97007383">10.1017/S0018246X97007383</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639885">2639885</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5548980323">5548980323</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159855207">159855207</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Nineteenth-Century+German+Citizenships%3A+A+Reconsideration&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E721-%3C%2Fspan%3E752&amp;rft.date=1997-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639885%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X97007383&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548980323&amp;rft.issn=0018-246X&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159855207%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Fahrmeir&amp;rft.aufirst=Andreas+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639885&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFransman2011" class="citation book cs1">Fransman, Laurie (2011). <i>Fransman's British Nationality Law</i> (3rd&#160;ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Professional">Bloomsbury Professional</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84592-095-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84592-095-1"><bdi>978-1-84592-095-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fransman%27s+British+Nationality+Law&amp;rft.place=Haywards+Heath%2C+West+Sussex&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Professional&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84592-095-1&amp;rft.aulast=Fransman&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurie&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGastornMasinde2017" class="citation book cs1">Gastorn, Kennedy; Masinde, Wanyama (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w76vj2.21">"9. The EAC Common Market"</a>. In Ugirashebuja, Emmanuel; Ruhangisa, John Eudes; Ottervanger, Tom; Cuyvers, Armin (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w76vj2"><i>East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects</i></a>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">285–</span>292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32206-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32206-6"><bdi>978-90-04-32206-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w76vj2.21">10.1163/j.ctt1w76vj2.21</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=9.+The+EAC+Common+Market&amp;rft.btitle=East+African+Community+Law%3A+Institutional%2C+Substantive+and+Comparative+EU+Aspects&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E285-%3C%2Fspan%3E292&amp;rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctt1w76vj2.21%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-32206-6&amp;rft.aulast=Gastorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Kennedy&amp;rft.au=Masinde%2C+Wanyama&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctt1w76vj2.21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlenn2008" class="citation journal cs1">Glenn, Jane Matthews (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026034654/https://www.ejcl.org/121/art121-10.pdf">"Mixed Jurisdictions in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Mixing, Unmixing, Remixing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electronic Journal of Comparative Law</i>. <b>12</b> (1). Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University, Schoordijk Institute: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>23. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1387-3091">1387-3091</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejcl.org/121/art121-10.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Comparative+Law&amp;rft.atitle=Mixed+Jurisdictions+in+the+Commonwealth+Caribbean%3A+Mixing%2C+Unmixing%2C+Remixing&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&amp;rft.date=2008-05&amp;rft.issn=1387-3091&amp;rft.aulast=Glenn&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane+Matthews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejcl.org%2F121%2Fart121-10.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamannBerger2019" class="citation book cs1">Hamann, Hartmut; Berger, Antje C. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiKQDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA125">"Burundi"</a>. In Minnerop, Petra; Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Lachenmann, Frauke (eds.). <i>International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">124–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883509-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883509-7"><bdi>978-0-19-883509-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi&amp;rft.btitle=International+Development+Law%3A+The+Max+Planck+Encyclopedia+of+Public+International+Law&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-883509-7&amp;rft.aulast=Hamann&amp;rft.aufirst=Hartmut&amp;rft.au=Berger%2C+Antje+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiKQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeath2010" class="citation book cs1">Heath, Elizabeth (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-3774#">"Tanzania"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr." title="Henry Louis Gates Jr.">Gates Jr., Henry Louis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah" title="Kwame Anthony Appiah">Appiah, Kwame Anthony</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Africa</i>. Oxford, Oxfordshire: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195337709.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9"><bdi>978-0-19-533770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Tanzania&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Africa&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195337709.001.0001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-533770-9&amp;rft.aulast=Heath&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195337709.001.0001%2Facref-9780195337709-e-3774%23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLlewellyn-Jones1929" class="citation journal cs1">Llewellyn-Jones, Frederick (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/742756">"The Nationality of Married Women"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Grotius Society</i>. <b>15</b>. London: <a href="/wiki/Grotius_Society" title="Grotius Society">Grotius Society</a>: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>138. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1479-1234">1479-1234</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/742756">742756</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5544683551">5544683551</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Grotius+Society&amp;rft.atitle=The+Nationality+of+Married+Women&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&amp;rft.date=1929&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5544683551&amp;rft.issn=1479-1234&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F742756%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Llewellyn-Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F742756&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoeb1900" class="citation journal cs1">Loeb, Isidore (August 1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2485790">"The German Colonial Fiscal System"</a>. <i>Publications of the American Economic Association</i>. <b>1</b> (3). New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a>: <span class="nowrap">40–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-7498">1049-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2485790">2485790</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5791225492">5791225492</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+American+Economic+Association&amp;rft.atitle=The+German+Colonial+Fiscal+System&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&amp;rft.date=1900-08&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5791225492&amp;rft.issn=1049-7498&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2485790%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Loeb&amp;rft.aufirst=Isidore&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2485790&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManby2018a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bronwen_Manby" title="Bronwen Manby">Manby, Bronwen</a> (2018a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1lib.mx/book/16918880/7480c7"><i>Citizenship in Africa: The Law of Belonging</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5099-2078-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5099-2078-5"><bdi>978-1-5099-2078-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Citizenship+in+Africa%3A+The+Law+of+Belonging&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-5099-2078-5&amp;rft.aulast=Manby&amp;rft.aufirst=Bronwen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F1lib.mx%2Fbook%2F16918880%2F7480c7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManby2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bronwen_Manby" title="Bronwen Manby">Manby, Bronwen</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/d5d1d086-1a0d-4088-b679-003e09e9c125/citizenship-law-africa-third-edition-20160129.pdf"><i>Citizenship Law in Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3rd&#160;ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928331-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928331-08-7"><bdi>978-1-928331-08-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626151025/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/d5d1d086-1a0d-4088-b679-003e09e9c125/citizenship-law-africa-third-edition-20160129.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Citizenship+Law+in+Africa&amp;rft.place=Cape+Town%2C+South+Africa&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=African+Minds&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-928331-08-7&amp;rft.aulast=Manby&amp;rft.aufirst=Bronwen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensocietyfoundations.org%2Fuploads%2Fd5d1d086-1a0d-4088-b679-003e09e9c125%2Fcitizenship-law-africa-third-edition-20160129.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManby2018b" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bronwen_Manby" title="Bronwen Manby">Manby, Bronwen</a> (September 2018b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/66807.pdf">Statelessness and Citizenship in the East African Community</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Geneva, Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920170304/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/66807.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Statelessness+and+Citizenship+in+the+East+African+Community&amp;rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&amp;rft.date=2018-09&amp;rft.aulast=Manby&amp;rft.aufirst=Bronwen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Fsites%2Freliefweb.int%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2F66807.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMesakiBapumia2015" class="citation book cs1">Mesaki, Simeon; Bapumia, Fatima G. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/africae/1002?lang=en">"The Minorities of Indian Origin in Tanzania"</a>. In Michel, Adam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/africae/847"><i>Indian Africa: Minorities of Indian-Pakistani Origin in Eastern Africa</i></a>. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Mkuki_na_Nyota" title="Mkuki na Nyota">Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">349–</span>358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1"><bdi>978-9987-08-297-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Minorities+of+Indian+Origin+in+Tanzania&amp;rft.btitle=Indian+Africa%3A+Minorities+of+Indian-Pakistani+Origin+in+Eastern+Africa&amp;rft.place=Dar+es+Salaam%2C+Tanzania&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E349-%3C%2Fspan%3E358&amp;rft.pub=Mkuki+Na+Nyota+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-9987-08-297-1&amp;rft.aulast=Mesaki&amp;rft.aufirst=Simeon&amp;rft.au=Bapumia%2C+Fatima+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fafricae%2F1002%3Flang%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiriri2010" class="citation news cs1">Miriri, Duncan (1 July 2010). Elgood, Giles (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170653/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true">"Factbox—East African Common Market Begins"</a>. <i>Reuters Africa</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true">the original</a> on 18 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters+Africa&amp;rft.atitle=Factbox%E2%80%94East+African+Common+Market+Begins&amp;rft.date=2010-07-01&amp;rft.aulast=Miriri&amp;rft.aufirst=Duncan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faf.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FkenyaNews%2FidAFLDE65T2AJ20100701%3Fsp%3Dtrue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMshomba2017" class="citation book cs1">Mshomba, Richard E. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OBs0DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA56"><i>Economic Integration in Africa: The East African Community in Comparative Perspective</i></a>. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-18626-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-18626-2"><bdi>978-1-107-18626-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Economic+Integration+in+Africa%3A+The+East+African+Community+in+Comparative+Perspective&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Cambridgeshire&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-107-18626-2&amp;rft.aulast=Mshomba&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOBs0DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMwalimu2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mwalimu, Charles (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QWrGlYsCwPIC&amp;pg=PA252"><i>The Nigerian Legal System</i></a>. Vol.&#160;1. Public Law. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)" title="Peter Lang (publisher)">Peter Lang</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7125-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7125-9"><bdi>978-0-8204-7125-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nigerian+Legal+System&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8204-7125-9&amp;rft.aulast=Mwalimu&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWrGlYsCwPIC%26pg%3DPA252&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020" class="citation web cs1">Nalule, Caroline; Nambooze, Anna (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66748/RSC_GLOBALCIT_2020_6.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">"Report on Citizenship Law: Tanzania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cadmus.eui.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Badia_Fiesolana" title="Badia Fiesolana">Badia Fiesolana</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008014208/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66748/RSC_GLOBALCIT_2020_6.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cadmus.eui.eu&amp;rft.atitle=Report+on+Citizenship+Law%3A+Tanzania&amp;rft.date=2020-04&amp;rft.aulast=Nalule&amp;rft.aufirst=Caroline&amp;rft.au=Nambooze%2C+Anna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadmus.eui.eu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F66748%2FRSC_GLOBALCIT_2020_6.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO&#39;Connell1954" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._P._O%27Connell" title="D. P. O&#39;Connell">O'Connell, D. P.</a> (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=true&amp;handle=hein.journals/byrint31&amp;div=18&amp;start_page=458&amp;collection=journals&amp;set_as_cursor=3&amp;men_tab=srchresults">"Nationality in C Class Mandates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_British_Yearbook_of_International_Law" title="The British Yearbook of International Law">The British Yearbook of International Law</a></i>. <b>31</b>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">458–</span>461. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-2691">0068-2691</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span> &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/HeinOnline" title="HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+British+Yearbook+of+International+Law&amp;rft.atitle=Nationality+in+C+Class+Mandates&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E458-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&amp;rft.date=1954&amp;rft.issn=0068-2691&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Connell&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fpublic%3Dtrue%26handle%3Dhein.journals%2Fbyrint31%26div%3D18%26start_page%3D458%26collection%3Djournals%26set_as_cursor%3D3%26men_tab%3Dsrchresults&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997" class="citation book cs1">Ofcansky, Thomas P.; Yeager, Rodger (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ofca/page/n20/"><i>Historical Dictionary of Tanzania</i></a>. African Historical Dictionaries. Vol.&#160;72 (2nd&#160;ed.). Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3244-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3244-5"><bdi>0-8108-3244-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Tanzania&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.series=African+Historical+Dictionaries&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-3244-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ofcansky&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&amp;rft.au=Yeager%2C+Rodger&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000ofca%2Fpage%2Fn20%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOkoth2006" class="citation book cs1">Okoth, Assa (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6knAMseFPpIC&amp;pg=PA128"><i>A History of Africa: African Societies and the Establishment of Colonial Rule, 1800-1915</i></a>. Vol.&#160;1. Nairobi, Kenya: East African Educational Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9966-25-357-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9966-25-357-6"><bdi>978-9966-25-357-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Africa%3A+African+Societies+and+the+Establishment+of+Colonial+Rule%2C+1800-1915&amp;rft.place=Nairobi%2C+Kenya&amp;rft.pub=East+African+Educational+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-9966-25-357-6&amp;rft.aulast=Okoth&amp;rft.aufirst=Assa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6knAMseFPpIC%26pg%3DPA128&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOonk2015" class="citation journal cs1">Oonk, Gijsbert (October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1649638268">"Gujarati Asians in East Africa, 1880–2000: Colonization, De-colonization and Complex Citizenship Issues"</a>. <i>Diaspora Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1). London: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor &amp; Francis">Taylor &amp; Francis</a> for the Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives: <span class="nowrap">66–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09739572.2014.959257">10.1080/09739572.2014.959257</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1765%2F76015">1765/76015</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0973-9572">0973-9572</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5707417207">5707417207</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55328015">55328015</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1649638268">1649638268</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Diaspora+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Gujarati+Asians+in+East+Africa%2C+1880%E2%80%932000%3A+Colonization%2C+De-colonization+and+Complex+Citizenship+Issues&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&amp;rft.date=2015-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1765%2F76015&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55328015%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09739572.2014.959257&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5707417207&amp;rft.issn=0973-9572&amp;rft.aulast=Oonk&amp;rft.aufirst=Gijsbert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1649638268&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolack1963" class="citation journal cs1">Polack, Kenneth (March 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x">"The Defence of Act of State in Relation to Protectorates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Law_Review" title="Modern Law Review">Modern Law Review</a></i>. <b>26</b> (2). London: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishers">Blackwell Publishers</a>: <span class="nowrap">138–</span>155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x">10.1111/j.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7961">0026-7961</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4794706569">4794706569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Modern+Law+Review&amp;rft.atitle=The+Defence+of+Act+of+State+in+Relation+to+Protectorates&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E155&amp;rft.date=1963-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4794706569&amp;rft.issn=0026-7961&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x&amp;rft.aulast=Polack&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrestage1936" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Prestage, Edgar (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISg9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA85">"4. The Portuguese in South Africa"</a>. In Newton, A. P.; Benians, E. A.; Walker, Eric Anderson (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of the British Empire</i>. Vol.&#160;8: South Africa, Rhodesia and the Protectorates. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">79–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/809634212">809634212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=4.+The+Portuguese+in+South+Africa&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+British+Empire&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Cambridgeshire&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1936&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F809634212&amp;rft.aulast=Prestage&amp;rft.aufirst=Edgar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISg9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA85&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosas1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Rosas" title="Allan Rosas">Rosas, Allan</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXgpAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Citizenship+is+a+conglomerate+of+special+political+and+other+rights%22">"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order"</a>. In Suksi, Markku (ed.). <i>Law Under Exogenous Influences</i>. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">30–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-29-0284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-29-0284-2"><bdi>978-951-29-0284-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Nationality+and+Citizenship+in+a+Changing+European+and+World+Order&amp;rft.btitle=Law+Under+Exogenous+Influences&amp;rft.place=Turku%2C+Finland&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&amp;rft.pub=Turku+Law+School&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-951-29-0284-2&amp;rft.aulast=Rosas&amp;rft.aufirst=Allan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXgpAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Citizenship%2Bis%2Ba%2Bconglomerate%2Bof%2Bspecial%2Bpolitical%2Band%2Bother%2Brights%2522&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSawyerWray2014" class="citation web cs1">Sawyer, Caroline; Wray, Helena (December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/33839/EUDO-CIT_2014_01_UK.pdf">"Country Report: United Kingdom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cadmus.eui.eu</i> (revised&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/Badia_Fiesolana" title="Badia Fiesolana">Badia Fiesolana</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528081501/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/33839/EUDO-CIT_2014_01_UK.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cadmus.eui.eu&amp;rft.atitle=Country+Report%3A+United+Kingdom&amp;rft.date=2014-12&amp;rft.aulast=Sawyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Caroline&amp;rft.au=Wray%2C+Helena&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadmus.eui.eu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F33839%2FEUDO-CIT_2014_01_UK.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1925" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_(colonial_administrator)" title="John Scott (colonial administrator)">Scott, John</a> (3 September 1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/CouncilMSD/C-452%28d%29-M-166%28d%29-1925-VI_EN.pdf">Reports Of Mandatory Powers: VII Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government on the Administration under Mandate of Tanganyika Territory for the Year 1924</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Geneva, Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. Report C. 452(d). M. 166(d). 1925. VI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111215543/https://biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/CouncilMSD/C-452%28d%29-M-166%28d%29-1925-VI_EN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Reports+Of+Mandatory+Powers%3A+VII+Report+by+His+Britannic+Majesty%27s+Government+on+the+Administration+under+Mandate+of+Tanganyika+Territory+for+the+Year+1924&amp;rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&amp;rft.pub=League+of+Nations&amp;rft.date=1925-09-03&amp;rft.aulast=Scott&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblio-archive.unog.ch%2FDateien%2FCouncilMSD%2FC-452%2528d%2529-M-166%2528d%2529-1925-VI_EN.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSindima2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Sindima" title="Harvey Sindima">Sindima, Harvey J.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j8c_DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA129"><i>Major Issues in Islam: The Challenges Within and Without</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Books">Hamilton Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-7017-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-7017-3"><bdi>978-0-7618-7017-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Major+Issues+in+Islam%3A+The+Challenges+Within+and+Without&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.pub=Hamilton+Books&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7618-7017-3&amp;rft.aulast=Sindima&amp;rft.aufirst=Harvey+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj8c_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA129&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTagupa1994" class="citation journal cs1">Tagupa, William (June 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25169200">"Law, Status and Citizenship: Conflict and Continuity in New Zealand and Western Samoa (1922–1982)"</a>. <i>The Journal of Pacific History</i>. <b>29</b> (1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>: <span class="nowrap">19–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223349408572756">10.1080/00223349408572756</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3344">0022-3344</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25169200">25169200</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6015501156">6015501156</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&amp;rft.atitle=Law%2C+Status+and+Citizenship%3A+Conflict+and+Continuity+in+New+Zealand+and+Western+Samoa+%281922%E2%80%931982%29&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&amp;rft.date=1994-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6015501156&amp;rft.issn=0022-3344&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25169200%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223349408572756&amp;rft.aulast=Tagupa&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25169200&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrouille2021" class="citation book cs1">Trouille, Jean-Marc (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4b4lEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1">"Introduction—A Journey Towards Regional Integration"</a>. In Trouille, Jean-Marc; Trouille, Helen; Uwimbabazi, Penine (eds.). <i>The East African Community: Intraregional Integration and Relations with the EU</i>. Abingdon, Oxon: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-038977-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-00-038977-7"><bdi>978-1-00-038977-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Introduction%E2%80%94A+Journey+Towards+Regional+Integration&amp;rft.btitle=The+East+African+Community%3A+Intraregional+Integration+and+Relations+with+the+EU&amp;rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-00-038977-7&amp;rft.aulast=Trouille&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4b4lEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForeign_&amp;_Commonwealth_Office2014" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330110359/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/781770/Support_for_British_Nationals_Abroad_Main_Guide.pdf"><i>Support for British Nationals Abroad: A Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office. 2014. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1030667403">1030667403</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/781770/Support_for_British_Nationals_Abroad_Main_Guide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Support+for+British+Nationals+Abroad%3A+A+Guide&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Foreign+%26+Commonwealth+Office&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030667403&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F781770%2FSupport_for_British_Nationals_Abroad_Main_Guide.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzanian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5734.html">Tanzanian Citizenship Act 1995</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigration.go.tz/">Tanzania Ministry of Home Affairs&#160;: Immigration</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_citizenship118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_citizenship118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizenship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora" title="Commonwealth diaspora">Commonwealth diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua &amp; Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rights, issues, and visas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British nationality law and Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Permanent resident (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident (Canada)">Permanent resident (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_Entry_Clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Ancestry Entry Clearance">UK Ancestry Entry Clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">UK right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Acts of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationality_laws321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_citizenship_law" title="Soviet citizenship law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐958d75f5c‐m4pxg Cached time: 20250306024203 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.335 seconds Real time usage: 1.512 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15613/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 262061/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 21057/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 190712/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.806/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8122781/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1302.258 1 -total 35.75% 465.583 179 Template:Sfn 12.49% 162.703 10 Template:Cite_journal 11.14% 145.065 19 Template:Cite_book 9.61% 125.201 1 Template:Commonwealth_citizen 7.41% 96.433 1 Template:Sidebar 6.74% 87.748 1 Template:Short_description 5.88% 76.551 1 Template:Infobox_legislation 5.31% 69.104 5 Template:Navbox 5.29% 68.865 1 Template:Infobox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:28454878:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250306024203 and revision id 1266397929. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;oldid=1266397929">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;oldid=1266397929</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law">Nationality law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tanzania_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Category:Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations">Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_Tanzania" title="Category:Law of Tanzania">Law of Tanzania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_May_2013" title="Category:EngvarB from May 2013">EngvarB from May 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2022">Use dmy dates from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 December 2024, at 11:37<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzanian_nationality_law&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanzanian nationality law</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>3 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fbd4f6f84-2wggf","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.335","walltime":"1.512","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15613,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":262061,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21057,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":190712,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1302.258 1 -total"," 35.75% 465.583 179 Template:Sfn"," 12.49% 162.703 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.14% 145.065 19 Template:Cite_book"," 9.61% 125.201 1 Template:Commonwealth_citizen"," 7.41% 96.433 1 Template:Sidebar"," 6.74% 87.748 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.88% 76.551 1 Template:Infobox_legislation"," 5.31% 69.104 5 Template:Navbox"," 5.29% 68.865 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.806","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8122781,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBaldwin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarros_Gomes1888\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBierbach2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBloom2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCommission_on_the_Status_of_Women1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrawford2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDummett2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrmeir1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForeign_\u0026amp;_Commonwealth_Office2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFransman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGastornMasinde2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamannBerger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeath2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLlewellyn-Jones1929\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoeb1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManby2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManby2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManby2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMesakiBapumia2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiriri2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMshomba2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMwalimu2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connell1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOfcanskyYeager1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkoth2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOonk2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolack1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrestage1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosas1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyerWray2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1925\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSindima2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTagupa1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrouille2021\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Commonwealth citizen\"] = 1,\n [\"Commonwealth citizenship\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Tanzanian nationality law\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox legislation\"] = 1,\n [\"Nationality laws\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 179,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snf\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-958d75f5c-m4pxg","timestamp":"20250306024203","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tanzanian nationality law","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzanian_nationality_law","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7684173","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7684173","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-08-21T00:24:28Z","dateModified":"2024-12-31T11:37:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c2\/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg","headline":"history and regulations of Tanzanian citizenship"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10