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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 1601. ἐκπίπτω (ekpipto) -- To fall out, to fall away, to fail, to lose, to drop away.</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/1601.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/2_corinthians/1-12.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/1601.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 1601</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/1600b.htm" title="1600b">◄</a> 1601. ekpipto <a href="../greek/1601a.htm" title="1601a">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">ekpipto: To fall out, to fall away, to fail, to lose, to drop away.</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">ἐκπίπτω</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>ekpipto<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>ek-PIP-to<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(ek-pip'-to)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To fall out, to fall away, to fail, to lose, to drop away.<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I fall out, fall off, fall away; hence in nautical language: I fall off from the straight course; of flowers: I fade away, wither away; I fall from, lose, forfeit; I am cast ashore; I am fruitless.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>From the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning "out of") and the verb πίπτω (pipto, meaning "to fall").<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span>While there is no direct Hebrew equivalent for ἐκπίπτω, similar concepts can be found in Hebrew words like נָפַל (naphal, Strong's H5307), meaning "to fall," which is used in contexts of physical falling or moral/spiritual decline.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The Greek verb ἐκπίπτω (ekpipto) primarily conveys the idea of falling out or away from a place, position, or condition. It can denote a physical falling, such as leaves falling from a tree, or a metaphorical falling, such as losing one's position or failing in some respect. In the New Testament, it is often used to describe a spiritual or moral decline, such as falling away from grace or truth.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of falling away or losing one's status was significant, as social standing and honor were highly valued. The metaphor of falling was commonly used in literature to describe a decline in fortune or moral standing. In the Jewish context, falling away from God's commandments or covenant was seen as a serious spiritual failure, often leading to calls for repentance and return to faithfulness.<div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 1601: ἐκπίπτω</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">ἐκπίπτω</span></span>; perfect <span class="greek2">ἐκπέπτωκα</span>; 2 aorist <span class="greek2">ἐξέπεσον</span>; 1 aorist <span class="greek2">ἐξέπεσα</span> (<a href="/interlinear/acts/12-7.htm">Acts 12:7</a> <span class="manuref">L</span> <span class="manuref">T</span> <span class="manuref">Tr</span> <span class="manuref">WH</span>; <a href="/interlinear/galatians/5-4.htm">Galatians 5:4</a>; on this aorist see (<span class="greek2">πίπτω</span> and) <span class="greek2">ἀπέρχομαι</span>); (from <span class="abbreviation">Homer</span> down); <span class="accented">to fall out of, to fall down from</span>; <p><span class="textheading">1.</span> properly: <span class="greek2">αἱ</span> <span class="greek2">ἁλύσεις</span> <span class="greek2">ἐκ</span> <span class="greek2">τῶν</span> <span class="greek2">χειρῶν</span> (see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">ἐκ</span></span>, I. 3 (cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>'s Grammar, 427 (398) and De verb. comp. etc. Part ii., p. 11)), <a href="/interlinear/acts/12-7.htm">Acts 12:7</a> (<span class="greek2">ἐκ</span> <span class="greek2">τῆς</span> <span class="greek2">θήκης</span>, <a href="/interlinear/isaiah/6-13.htm">Isaiah 6:13</a>; <span class="greek2">ἐκ</span> <span class="greek2">τοῦ</span> <span class="greek2">οὐρανοῦ</span>, <a href="/interlinear/isaiah/14-12.htm">Isaiah 14:12</a>); absolutely: <a href="/interlinear/mark/13-25.htm">Mark 13:25</a> <span class="manuref">R</span> <span class="manuref">G</span>; <a href="/interlinear/acts/27-32.htm">Acts 27:32</a>; <a href="/interlinear/james/1-11.htm">James 1:11</a>; <a href="/interlinear/1_peter/1-24.htm">1 Peter 1:24</a>; of navigators, <span class="greek2">ἐκπίπτειν</span> <span class="greek2">εἰς</span> (i. e. from a straight course) <span class="accented">to fall off,</span> i. e. <span class="accented">be driven into</span> (cf. Stallbaum on <span class="abbreviation">Plato</span>'s Phileb., p. 106f; others supply 'from deep water,' and render <span class="greek2">ἐκπίπτειν</span>, <span class="accented">to be cast away</span>), <a href="/interlinear/acts/27-17.htm">Acts 27:17, 26, 29</a>, in this last verse <span class="manuref">L</span> <span class="manuref">T</span> <span class="manuref">Tr</span>] <span class="manuref">WH</span> have adopted <span class="greek2">ἐκπίπτειν</span> <span class="greek2">κατά</span>; (often in Greek writings, as <span class="greek2">εἰς</span> <span class="greek2">γῆν</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Euripides</span>, Hel. 409; <span class="greek2">εἰς</span> <span class="greek2">τόν</span> <span class="greek2">λιμένα</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Thucydides</span> 2, 92). <p><span class="textheading">2.</span> metaphorically, <p><span class="emphasized">a.</span> <span class="greek2">τίνος</span> (<span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>s Grammar, 427 (398), and De verb. comp. etc. as above), <span class="accented">to fall from a thing, to lose it</span>: <span class="greek2">τῆς</span> <span class="greek2">χάριτος</span>, <a href="/interlinear/galatians/5-4.htm">Galatians 5:4</a>; <span class="greek2">τοῦ</span> <span class="greek2">ἰδίου</span> <span class="greek2">στηριγμοῦ</span>, <a href="/interlinear/2_peter/3-17.htm">2 Peter 3:17</a> (<span class="greek2">τῆς</span> <span class="greek2">πρός</span> <span class="greek2">τόν</span> <span class="greek2">δῆμον</span> <span class="greek2">εὐνοίας</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Plutarch</span>, Tib. Gracch. 21; <span class="greek2">βασιλείας</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Josephus</span>, Antiquities 7, 9, 2; also with prepositions, <span class="greek2">ἐκ</span> <span class="greek2">τῶν</span> <span class="greek2">ἐοντων</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Herodotus</span> 3, 14; <span class="greek2">ἀπό</span> <span class="greek2">τῶν</span> <span class="greek2">ἐλπίδων</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Thucydides</span> 8, 81); <span class="greek2">πόθεν</span>, <a href="/interlinear/revelation/2-5.htm">Revelation 2:5</a> <span class="manuref">Rec.</span> (<span class="greek2">ἐκεῖθεν</span>, <span class="abbreviation">Aelian</span> v. h. 4, 7). <p><span class="emphasized">b.</span> absolutely, <span class="accented">to perish; to fail</span> (properly, to fall from a place which one cannot keep, fall from its position): <span class="greek2">ἡ</span> <span class="greek2">ἀγάπη</span>, <a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/13-8.htm">1 Corinthians 13:8</a> <span class="manuref">R</span> <span class="manuref">G</span>; <span class="accented">to fall powerless, fall to the ground, be without effect</span>: of the divine promise of salvation by Christ, <a href="/interlinear/romans/9-6.htm">Romans 9:6</a>.<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>be cast, fail, fall away.<p>From <a href="/greek/1537.htm">ek</a> and <a href="/greek/4098.htm">pipto</a>; to drop away; specially, be driven out of one's course; figuratively, to lose, become inefficient -- be cast, fail, fall (away, off), take none effect. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/1537.htm">ek</a> <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/4098.htm">pipto</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>εκπέπτωκας εκπεπτωκεν εκπέπτωκεν ἐκπέπτωκεν εκπεπτωκότα εκπεσειν εκπεσείν ἐκπεσεῖν εκπέση εκπεσητε εκπέσητε ἐκπέσητε εκπέσοι εκπεσόν εκπεσωμεν εκπέσωμεν ἐκπέσωμεν εκπέσωσι εκπεσωσιν ἐκπέσωσιν εκπίπτει εκπίπτοντες εξεπεσαν ἐξέπεσαν εξεπεσατε εξεπέσατε ἐξεπέσατε εξέπεσε εξεπεσεν εξέπεσεν ἐξέπεσεν εξέπεσον ekpeptoken ekpeptōken ekpéptoken ekpéptōken ekpesein ekpeseîn ekpesete ekpesēte ekpésete ekpésēte ekpesomen ekpesōmen ekpésomen ekpésōmen ekpesosin ekpesōsin ekpésosin ekpésōsin exepesan exépesan exepesate exepésate exepesen exépesen<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/acts/12-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 12:7</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural">V-AIA-3P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τάχει καὶ <b>ἐξέπεσαν</b> αὐτοῦ αἱ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> And his chains <span class="itali">fell off</span> his hands.<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> his chains <span class="itali">fell off</span> from [his] hands.<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/12-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> haste And <span class="itali">fell off</span> of him the<p><b><a href="/text/acts/27-17.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 27:17</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Plural">V-ASA-3P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τὴν Σύρτιν <b>ἐκπέσωσιν</b> χαλάσαντες τὸ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/27.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and fearing <span class="itali">that they might run aground</span> on [the shallows] of Syrtis,<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/27.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> lest <span class="itali">they should fall</span> into<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27-17.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> the sandbars of Syrtis <span class="itali">they should fall</span> having lowered the<p><b><a href="/text/acts/27-26.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 27:26</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active">V-ANA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δεῖ ἡμᾶς <b>ἐκπεσεῖν</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/27.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> But we must <span class="itali">run aground</span> on a certain<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/27.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> we must <span class="itali">be cast</span> upon a certain<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27-26.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> must we <span class="itali">fall</span><p><b><a href="/text/acts/27-29.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 27:29</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Plural">V-ASA-1P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τραχεῖς τόπους <b>ἐκπέσωμεν</b> ἐκ πρύμνης</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/27.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> Fearing <span class="itali">that we might run aground</span> somewhere<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/27.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> lest <span class="itali">we should have fallen</span> upon<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27-29.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> rocky places <span class="itali">we might fall</span> out of [the] stern<p><b><a href="/text/acts/27-32.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 27:32</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active">V-ANA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">εἴασαν αὐτὴν <b>ἐκπεσεῖν</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/27.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and let <span class="itali">it fall away.</span><br><a href="/kjvs/acts/27.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> let her <span class="itali">fall off.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/27-32.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> let her <span class="itali">fall</span><p><b><a href="/text/romans/9-6.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Romans 9:6</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-RIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δὲ ὅτι <b>ἐκπέπτωκεν</b> ὁ λόγος</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/romans/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> of God <span class="itali">has failed.</span> For they are not all<br><a href="/kjvs/romans/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of God <span class="itali">hath taken none effect.</span> For<br><a href="/interlinear/romans/9-6.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> however that <span class="itali">has failed</span> the word<p><b><a href="/text/galatians/5-4.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Galatians 5:4</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-AIA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/galatians/5.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τῆς χάριτος <b>ἐξεπέσατε</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/galatians/5.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> by law; <span class="itali">you have fallen</span> from grace.<br><a href="/kjvs/galatians/5.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> by the law; <span class="itali">ye are fallen from</span> grace.<br><a href="/interlinear/galatians/5-4.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> grace <span class="itali">you fell from</span><p><b><a href="/text/james/1-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">James 1:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-AIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/james/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἄνθος αὐτοῦ <b>ἐξέπεσεν</b> καὶ ἡ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/james/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and its flower <span class="itali">falls off</span> and the beauty<br><a href="/kjvs/james/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> thereof <span class="itali">falleth,</span> and<br><a href="/interlinear/james/1-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> flower of it <span class="itali">fell</span> and the<p><b><a href="/text/1_peter/1-24.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 Peter 1:24</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-AIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_peter/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τὸ ἄνθος <b>ἐξέπεσεν</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_peter/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> WITHERS, AND THE FLOWER <span class="itali">FALLS OFF,</span><br><a href="/kjvs/1_peter/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the flower thereof <span class="itali">falleth away:</span><br><a href="/interlinear/1_peter/1-24.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> the flower <span class="itali">fall away</span><p><b><a href="/text/2_peter/3-17.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Peter 3:17</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-ASA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_peter/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες <b>ἐκπέσητε</b> τοῦ ἰδίου</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_peter/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> of unprincipled men <span class="itali">and fall</span> from your own<br><a href="/kjvs/2_peter/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of the wicked, <span class="itali">fall from</span> your own<br><a href="/interlinear/2_peter/3-17.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> error having been led away <span class="itali">you should fall from</span> the own<p><b><a href="/greek/1601.htm">Strong's Greek 1601</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_1601.htm">10 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/ekpepto_ken_1601.htm">ἐκπέπτωκεν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ekpese_te_1601.htm">ἐκπέσητε — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ekpesein_1601.htm">ἐκπεσεῖν — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ekpeso_men_1601.htm">ἐκπέσωμεν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ekpeso_sin_1601.htm">ἐκπέσωσιν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/exepesan_1601.htm">ἐξέπεσαν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/exepesate_1601.htm">ἐξεπέσατε — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/exepesen_1601.htm">ἐξέπεσεν — 2 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/1600b.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1600b"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1600b" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/1601a.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1601a"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1601a" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>