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<span>Methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_websites_blocked" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_websites_blocked"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples of websites blocked</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_of_websites_blocked-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples of websites blocked subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_websites_blocked-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19_September_Network_against_Coup_d'Etat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_September_Network_against_Coup_d'Etat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>19 September Network against Coup d'Etat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_September_Network_against_Coup_d'Etat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Southern insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_news_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_news_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>External news sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_news_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Webboards_and_discussion_forums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Webboards_and_discussion_forums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Webboards and discussion forums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Webboards_and_discussion_forums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_sharing_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_sharing_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Video sharing sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_sharing_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites_containing_lèse_majesté_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites_containing_lèse_majesté_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Websites containing lèse majesté content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites_containing_lèse_majesté_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites_about_the_book_The_King_Never_Smiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites_about_the_book_The_King_Never_Smiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Websites about the book <i>The King Never Smiles</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites_about_the_book_The_King_Never_Smiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wikipedia_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikipedia_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Wikipedia articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wikipedia_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WikiLeaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WikiLeaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>WikiLeaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WikiLeaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayback_Machine_Internet_archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayback_Machine_Internet_archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Wayback Machine Internet archive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayback_Machine_Internet_archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_of_2014_coup_d'état" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_of_2014_coup_d'état"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Aftermath of 2014 coup d'état</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_of_2014_coup_d'état-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facebook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facebook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Facebook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facebook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_Internet_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_Internet_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opposition to Internet censorship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition_to_Internet_censorship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opposition to Internet censorship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_Internet_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Midnight_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midnight_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Midnight University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midnight_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_Against_Censorship_Thailand_(FACT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_Against_Censorship_Thailand_(FACT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_Against_Censorship_Thailand_(FACT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Circumvention_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circumvention_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Circumvention software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circumvention_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2014_coup_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2014_coup_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-2014 coup situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2014_coup_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Thai_Army_Information_Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Thai_Army_Information_Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Royal Thai Army Information Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Thai_Army_Information_Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship in Thailand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="การตรวจพิจารณาอินเทอร์เน็ตในประเทศไทย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การตรวจพิจารณาอินเทอร์เน็ตในประเทศไทย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6055812#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/36px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Internet_censorship_in_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Internet censorship in Thailand">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most <b>Internet censorship in Thailand</b> prior to the <a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">September 2006 military coup d'état</a> was focused on blocking pornographic websites. The following years have seen a constant stream of <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_Thai_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2010 Thai political crisis">sometimes violent protests</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">regional unrest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emergency decrees,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new cybercrimes law,<sup id="cite_ref-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an updated Internal Security Act.<sup id="cite_ref-asiancorrespondent.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiancorrespondent.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Year by year Internet censorship has grown, with its focus shifting to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, and political issues. By 2010, estimates put the number of websites blocked at over 110,000.<sup id="cite_ref-asiasentinel.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiasentinel.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2011, a dedicated government operation, the Cyber Security Operation Center, was opened. Between its opening and March 2014, the Center told ISPs to block 22,599 URLs.<sup id="cite_ref-prachatai.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prachatai.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The subsequent <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a> has led to further restrictions on Internet content in the country, using the powers of the coup's <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Peace_and_Order" title="National Council for Peace and Order">National Council for Peace and Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The national constitution provides for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press</a> "as regulated by law"; but, the government imposes overwhelming limitations on these rights.<sup id="cite_ref-ThaiHRR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThaiHRR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet filtering in Thailand was classified as selective in the social, political, and Internet tools areas, and no evidence of filtering was found in the conflict/security area by the <a href="/wiki/OpenNet_Initiative" title="OpenNet Initiative">OpenNet Initiative</a> in November 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> is on <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> list of countries under surveillance in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-RWBEnemies_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWBEnemies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Freedom House, one year prior to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 coup d'état</a>, awarded Thailand a 'partly free' rating for internet freedom. In 2014, it awarded Thailand an overall score of 62 ("not free") (0=best, 100=worst), citing substantial political censorship and the arrests of bloggers and other online users, ranking it 52 of 65 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, Thailand remained 'not free', with an overall score of 35, fourth worst in the Asia-Pacific region, after China, Vietnam, and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet censorship is conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Royal Thai Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/CAT_Telecom" title="CAT Telecom">Communications Authority of Thailand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Communication_Technology_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (Thailand)">Ministry of Information and Communication Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Communication_Technology_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (Thailand)">MICT</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-OONI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OONI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">September 2006 military coup d'état</a>, 34,411 <a href="/wiki/Web_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Web sites">web sites</a> were blocked by all three government agencies. The cited reasons were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>60% <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a>, <a href="/wiki/XNXX" title="XNXX">XNXX</a>, <a href="/wiki/XHamster" title="XHamster">XHamster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaturbate" title="Chaturbate">Chaturbate</a>, <a href="/wiki/XVideos" title="XVideos">XVideos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redtube" class="mw-redirect" title="Redtube">Redtube</a>, <a href="/wiki/BongaCams" title="BongaCams">BongaCams</a>)</li> <li>14% sale of sex equipment,</li> <li>11% threats to <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, which includes criticisms of the king, government or military,</li> <li> 8% illegal products and services,</li> <li> 4% copyright infringement, (<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, etc.)</li> <li> 2% illegal gambling, and</li> <li> 1% other. (<a href="/wiki/Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeviantArt" title="DeviantArt">DeviantArt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miniclip" title="Miniclip">Miniclip</a>, <a href="/wiki/TinEye" title="TinEye">TinEye</a>, etc.)</li></ul> <p>Although the great majority of censored sites were pornographic, the list also includes anonymous proxy servers which circumvent web-blocking and provide access to Internet gambling sites. Pornography and gambling are specifically illegal in Thailand. </p><p>On 19 September 2006, the Thai military staged a bloodless coup d'état against the government of elected Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra" title="Thaksin Shinawatra">Thaksin Shinawatra</a>. The fifth official order signed by coup leader General <a href="/wiki/Sonthi_Boonyaratglin" title="Sonthi Boonyaratglin">Sonthi Boonyaratglin</a> on 20 September, the first day following the coup, was to enforce web censorship and appoint Dr. <a href="/wiki/Sitthichai_Pokaiudom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitthichai Pokaiudom">Sitthichai Pokaiudom</a>, "The Official Censor of the Military Coup", as minister to head MICT.<sup id="cite_ref-FACT1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACT1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2006, MICT blocked 2,475 websites by "request"; by 11 January 2007, this number had risen to 13,435 websites, a jump of more than 500%. This brought the total number of websites blocked to more than 45,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FACT1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACT1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All websites are blocked in secret and the criteria for censorship has never been made public by government. However, the MICT <a href="/wiki/Blacklist#Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacklist">blocklist</a> must be made available to <a href="/wiki/ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISPs</a> to block. </p><p>With the enactment of a new cybercrimes law in June 2007 (Act on Computer Crime B.E. 2550), Thailand became one of the only countries in Asia to require its government to obtain court authorization to block Internet content (section 20).<sup id="cite_ref-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illegal activities under the Thai cybercrimes law include inputting obscene data, forged or false data likely to cause injury to another person, the public, or national security; and data which constitutes a criminal offense relating to national security or terrorism (section 14). Criminal liability is extended to ISPs that intentionally support or consent to these illegal activities (section 15). The law creates civil and criminal liability for individuals who publicly post photographs of others that are "likely to" impair their reputation or expose them to shame, public hatred, or contempt (section 16). </p><p>Ongoing political turmoil led Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej to declare a <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_Thai_political_crisis#September_2008_state_of_emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2010 Thai political crisis">state of emergency on 2 September 2008</a>. Upon his declaration, the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology ordered ISPs to immediately shut down around 400 websites and block 1,200 more, all alleged to have disturbed the social order or endangered national security.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ICT Minister Mun Patanotai announced on 29 October 2008, plans to introduce an internet gateway system costing up to 500 million <a href="/wiki/Baht" class="mw-redirect" title="Baht">baht</a> to block sites considered to promote <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté</a> materials. The Minister said the system could also be used to block other websites considered inappropriate, such as those of terrorist groups or selling pornography, but the ministry will focus first on websites with content deemed insulting to the Thai monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_Thai_political_crisis#Bangkok_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2010 Thai political crisis">state of emergency was imposed on 7 April</a> and lifted on 22 December 2010, but the Internal Security Act (ISA), which provides Thailand's leaders with broad powers unrestricted by judicial procedure, remains in place.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asiancorrespondent.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiancorrespondent.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>URLs blocked by court order</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-ilaw-2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilaw-2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <th><br />Year</th> <th>Court<br />Orders</th> <th>Blocked<br />URLs </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2007</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2008</td> <td>13</td> <td>2071 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2009</td> <td>64</td> <td>28,705 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2010</td> <td>39</td> <td>43,908 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>117</b></td> <td><b>74,686</b> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>It is estimated that tens of thousands of additional URLs are blocked without court orders through informal requests or under the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations. </p><p><b>Reasons for blocking</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-ilaw-2010_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilaw-2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr valign="bottom" align="center"> <td><b>URLs<br />blocked</b></td> <td><b><br />Percent</b> </td> <td align="left"><b><br />Reason</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td>57,330</td> <td>77% </td> <td align="left">lèse majesté content (content that defames, insults, threatens, or is unflattering to the King, includes national security and some political issues) </td></tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td>16,740</td> <td>22% </td> <td align="left">pornographic content </td></tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td>357</td> <td><1% </td> <td align="left">information about <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td>246</td> <td><1% </td> <td align="left">content related to gambling </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>In late 2011, the government announced the creation of the Cyber Security Operations Center (CSOC). CSOC pro-actively monitors websites and social media, and provides ISPs with a rapidly updated blocklist, including postings on Twitter and Facebook. There is no judicial review of the CSOC blocklist.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Articles 18(2) and 18(3) of the 2017 Computer Crime Act (CCA) would allow user-related data and traffic data to be accessed by authorities without a court order under probable cause to assist with investigations related to an offense under the CCA or other laws. And Article 18(7) would allow authorities with a court order to compel service providers in assisting with the decryption of encoded data, undermining the use of encryption tools as a protection of user privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-OONI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OONI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship,_after_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg/320px-Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg/480px-Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg/640px-Thai_Redirect_Page_for_the_Internet_Censorship%2C_after_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>Image displayed by MICT when accessing prohibited content from Thailand after 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>MICT blocks indirectly by informally "requesting" the blocking of websites by Thailand's 54 commercial and non-profit <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet service providers">Internet service providers</a> (ISPs). Although <a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Service Provider">ISPs</a> are not legally required to accede to these "requests", MICT Permanent Secretary Kraisorn Pornsuthee wrote in 2006 that <a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Service Provider">ISPs</a> who fail to comply will be punitively sanctioned by government in the form of bandwidth restriction or even loss of their operating license.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is a powerful compulsion to comply. </p><p>Websites are blocked by <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> (URL) and/or <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP address</a>. However, only about 20% of blocked sites are identified by IP address; the remaining 80% are unable to be identified at a specific physical location. If these sites could be identified as being located in Thailand, legal action could be taken against their operators. Thus, lack of IP address is a major oversight. </p><p>Several technologies are employed to censor the Internet such as <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">caching</a>, blacklisting domain name or IP address, or simply redirection to a government homepage. Blacklisting the website is beneficial for this kind of web censorship as the webmasters would be unaware that their websites are being blocked. This measure is said to be used to make unpleasant websites appear unavailable.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many censored web sites previously redirected the user to a site hosted by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) which states that the requested destination could not be displayed due to improper content. </p><p>Censorship of the Internet in Thailand is currently for website access only. Unlike <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Firewall" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Firewall">"Great Firewall"</a>, which censors all Internet traffic including chat conversation via <a href="/wiki/Instant_Messaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Instant Messaging">Instant Messaging</a>, Thai Internet users are still able to interact with other users without being censored. However, current policy is to use a system of transparent proxies so that the user receives system, server, TCP and browser error messages when trying to access blocked sites leading the user to believe that the failure is caused in the Internet itself. </p><p>Search engine giants, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, were approached to investigate the potential capability for blocking access to their cached web pages in Thailand, a common technique used to circumvent blocking.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The search engines were also asked about keyword search blocking which is used effectively in China to censor the Internet. Google, at least, has made public a statement that it has no intention of blocking any sites to users in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New OONI data reveals the blocking of 13 websites in Thailand across 6 different ISPs, between 6 November 2016 and 27 February 2017. Thai ISPs appear to primarily be implementing censorship through DNS hijacking and through the use of middle boxes (HTTP transparent proxies) which serve block pages.<sup id="cite_ref-OONI_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OONI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_websites_blocked">Examples of websites blocked</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples of websites blocked"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19_September_Network_against_Coup_d'Etat"><span id="19_September_Network_against_Coup_d.27Etat"></span>19 September Network against Coup d'Etat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19 September Network against Coup d'Etat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A trend is increased censorship of anti-coup websites such as <a href="/wiki/19_September_Network_against_Coup_d%27Etat" title="19 September Network against Coup d'Etat">19 September Network against Coup d'Etat</a>, which has been blocked six times as of February 2007, with the government refusing to acknowledge responsibility for the blocking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_insurgency">Southern insurgency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Southern insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most sites concerning the <a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">violent political situation in Thailand's Muslim south</a> are blocked, specifically those in support of the <a href="/wiki/Patani_United_Liberation_Organisation" title="Patani United Liberation Organisation">Patani United Liberation Organisation</a> (PULO), a banned group which works for a separate Muslim state, including PULO's appeals to the United Nations for redress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_news_sites">External news sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External news sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some web pages from <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Post-Intelligencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Intelligencer">Post-Intelligencer</a></i> newspaper (Seattle, USA), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i> newspaper (Melbourne, Australia) dealing with Thai political content are blocked.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2012)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> More recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2012)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> all international coverage of Thaksin-in-exile has been blocked, including interviews with the deposed PM.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Webboards_and_discussion_forums">Webboards and discussion forums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Webboards and discussion forums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet webboards and discussion forums such as Midnight University,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prachatai.com<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pantip.com" title="Pantip.com">Pantip.com</a> have all been blocked, making reasonable political discussion very difficult. Prachatai and Pantip have chosen to self-censor, closely monitoring each discussion, in order to remain unblocked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_sharing_sites">Video sharing sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Video sharing sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Video sharing sites such as Camfrog have recently been blocked on the grounds that people were "behaving indecently" on webcams. The block was later reversed when it was discovered that Camfrog provided a principal means of communication for the handicapped, elderly and shut-ins. Other video sharing sites such as Metacafe remain blocked however. </p><p>The entire video upload website, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, has been blocked several times, including a complete ban between 4 April and 31 August 2007 due to a video which was considered to be offensive to the monarchy. YouTube's parent company, Google, was reported to have agreed to assist MICT in blocking individual videos, thus making the remainder legal to display in Thailand. The YouTube site block persisted for nearly five months, despite the fact that the video challenged by MICT was voluntarily deleted by the user who posted it.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites_containing_lèse_majesté_content"><span id="Websites_containing_l.C3.A8se_majest.C3.A9_content"></span>Websites containing lèse majesté content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Websites containing lèse majesté content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The criminal code states that whoever defames, insults or threatens the king, queen, the heir-apparent, or the regent, shall be jailed for three to 15 years, but the statute is broadly interpreted to apply to any mention of the institution of royalty that is less than flattering. </p><p>On 29 April 2010, <a href="/wiki/Wipas_Raksakulthai" title="Wipas Raksakulthai">Wipas Raksakulthai</a> was arrested following a post to his <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> account allegedly insulting <a href="/wiki/King_Bhumibol" class="mw-redirect" title="King Bhumibol">King Bhumibol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrest was reportedly the first <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté</a> charge against a Thai Facebook user.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> named Wipas Thailand's first <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_conscience" title="Prisoner of conscience">prisoner of conscience</a> in nearly three decades.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, the Computer Crime Act has contributed to a sharp increase in the number of lèse majesté cases tried each year in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-increase_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-increase-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While between 1990 and 2005, roughly five cases were tried in Thai courts each year, since that time about 400 cases have come to trial—a 1,500 percent increase.<sup id="cite_ref-increase_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-increase-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites_about_the_book_The_King_Never_Smiles">Websites about the book <i>The King Never Smiles</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Websites about the book The King Never Smiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the independent biography of Thailand's King Bhumibhol Adulyadej, <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_Never_Smiles" title="The King Never Smiles">The King Never Smiles</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Paul Handley was published in July 2006, websites concerning the book had been blocked as far back as November 2005. As no advance reading copies or excerpts were made available, these sites were censored based on the book's title alone. All sites with links to sales of the book are still blocked, including <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>, Amazon UK, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-YUP_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YUP-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wikipedia_articles">Wikipedia articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wikipedia articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Accessing the Wikipedia article on <a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a> from Thailand on 10 October 2008, led to a w3.mict.go.th announcement: "Under Construction The site you are trying to view does not currently have a default page. It may be in the process of being upgraded and configured." The link is now redirected to:</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The page was prohibited because of the court order. It could have an effect on or be against the security of the Kingdom, public order or good morals. <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ท่านไม่สามารถเข้าชม web page ที่ต้องการ เนืองจาก มีคำสั่งศาลให้ปิดกั้น หรือ มีลักษณะเข้าข่ายที่อาจกระทบต่อความมั่นคงแห่งราชอาณาจักร หรืออาจขัดต่อความสงบเรียบร้อยหรือศีลธรรมอันดีของประชาชน</span></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Super Broadband Network Co., Ltd., sbn.co.th/prohibit.html</cite></div></blockquote> <ul><li>The blocking of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Thailand">King of Thailand</a>'s Wikipedia page may be due to content regarding the king's succession that the Thai Government views unappealing or illegal under its <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté</a> laws. The fake error message seen in Thailand when attempting to view the king's Wikipedia page can be seen on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a> article had all images removed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: WikiLeaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 June 2010, access to <a href="/wiki/Wikileaks.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikileaks.org">wikileaks.org</a> was blocked in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the website today is currently accessible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayback_Machine_Internet_archive">Wayback Machine Internet archive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Wayback Machine Internet archive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some pages from the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a> project which as of 2011 stores snapshots of over 150 billion web pages,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are being blocked by MICT.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_of_2014_coup_d'état"><span id="Aftermath_of_2014_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat"></span>Aftermath of 2014 coup d'état</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aftermath of 2014 coup d'état"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg/300px-Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg/450px-Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg/600px-Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2606" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Banner in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, 30 Jun 2014, during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a>, informing the <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thai</a> public that "like" or "share" activity on social media could land them in prison.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a>, the junta, through MICT, instructed Internet providers in Thailand to block access to <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> temporarily on 28 May 2014. Despite claims of technical issues by the junta, the permanent secretary of MICT and <a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a>, parent of Thai mobile phone operator <a href="/wiki/Dtac" class="mw-redirect" title="Dtac">dtac</a>, later admitted that the blocks were done deliberately<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facebook">Facebook</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Facebook"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Facebook page "Royalist Marketplace" was launched as a forum by academic <a href="/wiki/Pavin_Chachavalpongpun" title="Pavin Chachavalpongpun">Pavin Chachavalpongpun</a> to discuss and criticize the Thai monarchy freely. The Thai authorities shut down access in Thailand to the <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page, which has accumulated around one million users, and which <a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook</a> may be appealing,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Pavin is facing a charge of <a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">cybercrime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has since launched a replacement Facebook page.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Facebook spokesperson stated, "Requests like this are severe, contravene international human rights law, and have a chilling effect on people’s ability to express themselves... We work to protect and defend the rights of all internet users and are preparing to legally challenge this request".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With vague laws, unknowing Facebook users face constant threat of violating the lèse majesté online by simply liking a post. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_to_Internet_censorship">Opposition to Internet censorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Opposition to Internet censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interference in communications, including the Internet, was specifically prohibited by Section 37 and free speech protected by Section 39 of the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand_(1997)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of Thailand (1997)">1997 "People's" Constitution</a>. However, following the pattern of past coups, the military's first action was to scrap the constitution and begin drafting a new one. Nevertheless, MICT commissioned the law faculty of Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University to find laws or loopholes which permit such censorship, and several other organizations have filed petitions with Thailand's <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Thailand)" title="National Human Rights Commission (Thailand)">National Human Rights Commission</a> (NHRC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Midnight_University">Midnight University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Midnight University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Midnight University has filed petitions simultaneously with the NHRC<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Thailand's Administrative Court.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the court and the Council of State can find no laws which permit Internet censorship, Midnight University has been granted a restraining order against further blocking, pending resolution of its legal case. This makes Midnight University the only legally-protected website in Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_Against_Censorship_Thailand_(FACT)"><span id="Freedom_Against_Censorship_Thailand_.28FACT.29"></span>Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filed a petition against censorship before the NHRC on 15 November 2006. FACT's petition is still open for signatures and is actively seeking international support.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though NHRC has no enforcement capability and is therefore rarely able to extract evidence from government bodies, on 26 January 2007 MICT agreed to cooperate with the NHRC. </p><p>On 9 February 2007, FACT filed an official information request with MICT<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the Official Information Act of 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The request contains 20 questions and is signed by 257 individuals supported by 57 international civil liberties and human rights groups.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MICT refused to reply citing grounds of "national security" and "interference with law enforcement"; its secret blocklist, criteria used for censorship and specific procedures it uses remain private. On 23 March 2007, FACT filed a complaint requiring an investigation within 60 days by the Official Information Commission in the prime minister's office.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FACT stated that, should the complaint fail, it would seek a restraining order against further censorship through Thailand's legal system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circumvention_software">Circumvention software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Circumvention software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Software applications for <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention" title="Internet censorship circumvention">circumventing web-blocking</a> are readily available. <a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a> is in use through software including <a href="/wiki/XeroBank_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="XeroBank Browser">XeroBank Browser</a> (formerly Torpark) and <a href="/wiki/Vidalia_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidalia project">Vidalia</a>, and a number of other proxied solutions including <a href="/wiki/Proxify" title="Proxify">Proxify</a>, Six-Four, phproxy are also used. <a href="/wiki/Freenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freenet</a> is another popular solution. Available for free download from the Internet, these packages are also published on disk by FACT. The MICT minister has said in an interview in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Post" title="Bangkok Post">Bangkok Post</a></i> that he has not blocked these methods because "using proxies to access illegal sites are illegal, whereas using proxies to access legal sites is legal." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-2014_coup_situation">Post-2014 coup situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Post-2014 coup situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2014 coup worsened the state of internet freedom when the junta began amending the 2007 Computer Crime Act to enable greater suppression and surveillance<b>.</b> With the death of late King Bhumibol in October 2016, the controversial prince took to the thrown. With his succession came amendments to the 2007 Computer Crime Act which enabled the government more ambiguous interpretations of the act to censor its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-Gebhart_417–432_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebhart_417–432-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondents%27_Club_of_Thailand" title="Foreign Correspondents' Club of Thailand">Foreign Correspondents' Club of Thailand</a> hosted a panel discussion entitled <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fccthai.com/items/1970.html">Dealing with Computer Crime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828171055/http://fccthai.com/items/1970.html">Archived</a> 28 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, summarizing: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Thailand is in the midst of amending its Computer Crimes Act to enhance authorities' surveillance, and data suppression and removal powers. This comes against the background of increased cyber crime and global terrorism, but also at a major transition for Thailand, whose military government is particularly alert to what it deems national security threats. Internet and rights activists, have criticized the amendments which they say will adversely affected people's rights and liberties.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Foreign Correspondents' Club of Thailand</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In August 2017, the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) informed Internet Service providers like Facebook and YouTube that they needed to remove pages that violated Thai laws regarding internet content.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statement set a deadline of 7 August for the removal of all illegal web pages and threatened the providers with losing their licenses to provide content in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interesting to note is that by 2017, a study found that nearly 70% of subjects out of a 229 participant study admitted to imposing self-censorship in fear of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-Gebhart_417–432_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebhart_417–432-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, the authorities attempted to block more than 2,200 websites ahead of a 19 September rally, part of the 2020 Thai protests.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the rally, Buddhipongse Punnakanta, Minister of Digital Economy and Society, filed a complaint with police to prosecute Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube for failing to delete posts in a timely manner, the first time the Computer Crimes Act has been used against foreign service providers.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_Thai_Army_Information_Operations">Royal Thai Army Information Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Royal Thai Army Information Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2020, Twitter took down a "low-intensity" <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Royal Thai Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Information_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Information operation">information operation</a> apparently designed to stifle and influence democratic opinion on social media regarding Army scandals and democratic processes in the country, as part of a major wider investigation by Facebook and Twitter into attempts to influence the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 US Presidential Election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Thailand" title="Censorship in Thailand">Censorship in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship of Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Thailand" title="Internet in Thailand">Internet in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavin_Chachavalpongpun" title="Pavin Chachavalpongpun">Pavin Chachavalpongpun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFP, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313113925/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hQESp04-NFOG6zrOvhwREMuWJ-kQ?docId=CNG.94f20013cdd393d22cb9d0a563a113f9.581">Thailand says southern unrest worsening</a>, 8 March 2011 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2010-12-21/world/thailand.emergency_1_emergency-decree-thai-cabinet-abhisit?_s=PM:WORLD">"Thai Cabinet agrees to lift emergency decree in Bangkok"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307183608/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-12-21/world/thailand.emergency_1_emergency-decree-thai-cabinet-abhisit?_s=PM%3AWORLD">Archived</a> 7 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kocha Olam, CNN World, 21 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Act_on_Computer_Crime_B.E._2550_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=2">Act on Computer Crime B.E. 2550</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150210220320/http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=2">Archived</a> 10 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives, 10 June 2007, English translation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiancorrespondent.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asiancorrespondent.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asiancorrespondent.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiancorrespondent.com/44124/thailand-lifts-state-of-emergency-what-now/">"Thailand lifts state of emergency, what now?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110407021350/http://asiancorrespondent.com/44124/thailand-lifts-state-of-emergency-what-now/">Archived</a> 7 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Asian Correspondent.com, Hybrid News Limited, 22 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiasentinel.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asiasentinel.com_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2601&Itemid=185">"Thailand's Massive Internet Censorship"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821164347/http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2601&Itemid=185">Archived</a> 21 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pavin Chachavalpongpun, <i>Asia Sentinel</i>, 22 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prachatai.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prachatai.com_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prachatai.com/english/node/4012">"Over 100 URLs blocked under Martial law"</a>, <i>Prachatai</i>, 24 March 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prachatai.com/english/node/3981">Under martial law, Thai authorities shut down some websites</a>, <i>Prachatai</i>, 22 March 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThaiHRR-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ThaiHRR_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?dlid=186310">"Thailand"</a>, <i>Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011</i>, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://access.opennet.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/accesscontested-thailand.pdf">"Thailand Country Profile"</a>, <i>Access Contested: Security, Identity, and Resistance in Asian Cyberspace</i>, Ronald J. Deibert, John G. Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, MIT Press and the OpenNet Initiative, Nov 2011, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01678-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01678-0">978-0-262-01678-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWBEnemies-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RWBEnemies_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://march12.rsf.org/i/Internet_Enemies.pdf"><i>Internet Enemies</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110315002153/http://march12.rsf.org/i/Internet_Enemies.pdf">Archived</a> 15 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Reporters Without Borders, Paris, March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415165459/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2014/thailand">"Freedom on the Net, 2014: Thailand"</a>. <i>Freedom House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2014/thailand">the original</a> on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Freedom+on+the+Net%2C+2014%3A+Thailand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-net%2F2014%2Fthailand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/11042019_Report_FH_FOTN_2019_final_Public_Download.pdf">"Freedom on the Net 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Freedom House</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Freedom+on+the+Net+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-11%2F11042019_Report_FH_FOTN_2019_final_Public_Download.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OONI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OONI_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OONI_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OONI_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2017" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Kay Yen (20 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ooni.torproject.org/post/thailand-internet-censorship/">"The State of Internet Censorship in Thailand"</a>. Open Observatory of Network Interference<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thai+police+arrest+activist+over+monarchy+protest&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-thailand-protests-idUKKCN25F0O9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prachatai.com/english/node/8748">"Royalist Marketplace returns"</a>. <i>Prachatai English</i>. 25 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prachatai+English&rft.atitle=Royalist+Marketplace+returns&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprachatai.com%2Fenglish%2Fnode%2F8748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN25L1J7">"After block, new Facebook group criticising Thai king gains 500,000 members"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 25 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=After+block%2C+new+Facebook+group+criticising+Thai+king+gains+500%2C000+members&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FworldNews%2FidAFKBN25L1J7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhrc.or.th/">(<b>Thai</b>) "สำนักงานคณะกรรมการสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติ"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhrc.or.th/index.php?lang=EN">(<b>English</b>) "Office of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303104151/http://www.nhrc.or.th//index.php?lang=EN">Archived</a> 3 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/09/headlines/headlines_30015748.php">"Embattled Midnight University website complains to NHRC"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930004440/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/09/headlines/headlines_30015748.php">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Nation, 9 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facthai.wordpress.com/">Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT)</a>, website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facthai.wordpress.com/sign/">"Sign the Petition ลงชื่อสนับสนุน"</a>, Freedom Against Censorship Thailand (FACT). Retrieved 28 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facthai.wordpress.com/2007/02/11/info-request-letter-to-mict-eng/">"FACT Information Request Letter to MICT"</a>, Freedom Against Censorship Thailand, 11 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oic.go.th/content_eng/act.htm">"Official Information Act (B.E. 2540)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093720/http://www.oic.go.th/content_eng/act.htm">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Office of the Official Information Commission (O.I.C.), 2 September 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facthai.wordpress.com/2007/02/09/fact-wants-answers-from-mict/">"FACT wants answers from MICT"</a>, Freedom Against Censorship Thailand, 9 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oic.go.th/content_eng/default_eng.asp">Office of the Official Information Commission (O.I.C.)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093705/http://www.oic.go.th/content_eng/default_eng.asp">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gebhart_417–432-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gebhart_417–432_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gebhart_417–432_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGebhartKohno2017" class="citation book cs1">Gebhart, Genevieve; Kohno, Tadayoshi (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7961994">"Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats"</a>. <i>2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)</i>. pp. 417–432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FEuroSP.2017.50">10.1109/EuroSP.2017.50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5090-5762-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5090-5762-7"><bdi>978-1-5090-5762-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11637736">11637736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Internet+Censorship+in+Thailand%3A+User+Practices+and+Potential+Threats&rft.btitle=2017+IEEE+European+Symposium+on+Security+and+Privacy+%28EuroS%26P%29&rft.pages=417-432&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11637736%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FEuroSP.2017.50&rft.isbn=978-1-5090-5762-7&rft.aulast=Gebhart&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.au=Kohno%2C+Tadayoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F7961994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4887195/thailand-internet-censorship-service-providers/">"Thailand Declares Deadline to Remove Censored Web Content"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Thailand+Declares+Deadline+to+Remove+Censored+Web+Content&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4887195%2Fthailand-internet-censorship-service-providers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1299483/monday-is-deadline-for-illicit-pages">"Monday is deadline for illicit pages"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Monday+is+deadline+for+illicit+pages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fgeneral%2F1299483%2Fmonday-is-deadline-for-illicit-pages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Turbulent-Thailand/Thailand-to-block-2-000-websites-ahead-of-pro-democracy-protests">"Thailand to block 2,000 websites ahead of pro-democracy protests"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asian Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Thailand+to+block+2%2C000+websites+ahead+of+pro-democracy+protests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FTurbulent-Thailand%2FThailand-to-block-2-000-websites-ahead-of-pro-democracy-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgamkham" class="citation news cs1">Ngamkham, Wassayos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/1990975/govt-taking-legal-action-against-major-social-media-providers">"Govt taking legal action against major social media providers"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Govt+taking+legal+action+against+major+social+media+providers&rft.aulast=Ngamkham&rft.aufirst=Wassayos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F1990975%2Fgovt-taking-legal-action-against-major-social-media-providers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsteinSinpenBushEwald2020" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Josh A.; Sinpen, Aim; Bush, Daniel; Ewald, Ross; John, Jennifer (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stanford.app.box.com/v/202009-sio-thailand"><i>Cheerleading Without Fans: A Low-Impact Domestic Information Operation by the Royal Thai Army</i></a>. Stanford Internet Observatory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cheerleading+Without+Fans%3A+A+Low-Impact+Domestic+Information+Operation+by+the+Royal+Thai+Army&rft.pub=Stanford+Internet+Observatory&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Josh+A.&rft.au=Sinpen%2C+Aim&rft.au=Bush%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Ewald%2C+Ross&rft.au=John%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstanford.app.box.com%2Fv%2F202009-sio-thailand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1999463/twitter-takes-down-thai-army-io-network">"Twitter takes down Thai army IO network"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter+takes+down+Thai+army+IO+network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fgeneral%2F1999463%2Ftwitter-takes-down-thai-army-io-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+censorship+in+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Thailand&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2bangkok.com/blocked.shtml">"Website Censorship in Thailand – 2008-2011"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060627183638/http://www.2bangkok.com/blocked.shtml">Archived</a> 27 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Daily News and Views, 2Bangkok.com, 31 July 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.org/wiki/Internet_Censorship_in_Thailand">Wikileaks: Internet Censorship in Thailand</a>, WikiLeaks, 18 November 2007; includes full block lists and a detailed analysis</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129120838/http://commons.globalintegrity.org/2008/02/internet-censorship-comparative-study.html">Global Integrity: Internet Censorship, A Comparative Study</a>; puts Thai online censorship in cross-country context.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freedom.ilaw.or.th/th/blog/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5-2550-2555">Statistics of website censorship in Thailand, 2007-2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522021034/http://freedom.ilaw.or.th/th/blog/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5-2550-2555">Archived</a> 22 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by iLaw.or.th</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Censorship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Censorship" title="Template:Censorship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Censorship" title="Template talk:Censorship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Censorship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_banned_by_governments" title="List of books banned by governments">books banned</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_censorship" title="Film censorship">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_films" title="List of banned films">banned films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention" title="Internet censorship circumvention">circumvention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_censorship" title="Music censorship">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_censorship" title="Postal censorship">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming" title="Radio jamming">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Speech and expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_student_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship of student media">Student media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_censorship" title="Television censorship">Televisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_censorship#List_of_banned_television_series" title="Television censorship">banned televisions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_censorship" title="Video game censorship">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_video_games_by_country" title="List of banned video games by country">banned video games</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleep_censor" title="Bleep censor">Bleeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_delay" title="Broadcast delay">Broadcast delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censor_bars" title="Censor bars">Censor bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilling_effect" title="Chilling effect">Chilling effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_censorship" title="Collateral censorship">Collateral censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concision_(media_studies)" title="Concision (media studies)">Concision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_silence_(expression)" title="Conspiracy of silence (expression)">Conspiracy of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content-control_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Content-control software">Content-control software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">Damnatio memoriae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minced_oath" title="Minced oath">Minced oath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expurgation" title="Expurgation">Expurgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogging_(censorship)" title="Fogging (censorship)">Fogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_order" title="Gag order">Gag order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler" title="Heckler">Heckling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler%27s_veto" title="Heckler's veto">Heckler's veto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_police" title="Internet police">Internet police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_hole" title="Memory hole">Memory hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_intranet" title="National intranet">National intranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_theft" title="Newspaper theft">Newspaper theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelization" title="Pixelization">Pixelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_restraint" title="Prior restraint">Prior restraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitization_(classified_information)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitization (classified information)">Sanitization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">Self-censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_code" title="Speech code">Speech code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participation" title="Strategic lawsuit against public participation">Strategic lawsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_and_network_surveillance" title="Computer and network surveillance">computer and network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_(censorship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewashing (censorship)">Whitewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordfilter" title="Wordfilter">Word filtering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contexts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal speech">Criminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_censorship" title="Corporate censorship">Corporate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Apple" title="Censorship by Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook" title="Censorship by Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_hate_speech" title="Online hate speech">Online</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression" title="Ideological repression">Ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBT_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship of LGBT issues">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralistic_fallacy" title="Moralistic fallacy">Moralistic fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalistic_fallacy" title="Naturalistic fallacy">Naturalistic fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_censorship" title="Political censorship">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">Suppression of dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_bias" title="Systemic bias">Systemic bias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_country" title="Censorship by country">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Chinese issues overseas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_by_country" title="Freedom of speech by country">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" title="Internet censorship and surveillance by country">Internet censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Muhammad controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Template:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Template talk:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" title="Internet censorship and surveillance by country">Internet censorship and surveillance by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Algeria#Legal_and_regulatory_frameworks" title="Internet in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Angola#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Botswana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Burundi#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Communications in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Congo RO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Eritrea#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Ethiopia#Censorship" title="Internet in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Liberia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya#Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malawi" title="Internet censorship in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mauritania#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Morocco" title="Internet censorship in Morocco">Morocco</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Namibia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Somalia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Communications in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Africa" title="Internet censorship in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Swaziland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Tunisia" title="Internet censorship in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Zimbabwe#Legal_and_regulatory_framework" title="Internet in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Argentina#Censorship" title="Communications in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chile#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Colombia#Censorship" title="Internet in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Greenland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Mexico#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Internet censorship in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Afghanistan" title="Internet in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain#Internet" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Bangladesh#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Cambodia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_East_Timor#Censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Internet censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Israel#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Japan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Jordan#Internet_censorship" title="Human rights in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Mongolia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Nepal" title="Internet in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman#Internet_rights" title="Human rights in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_Palestinian_territories#Censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in the Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines#Internet" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Qatar#Legal_and_regulatory_framework" title="Internet in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Singapore" title="Internet censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Internet censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan#Internet_censorship" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Tajikistan#Surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkmenistan" title="Human rights in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Internet_censorship" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Yemen" title="Internet in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia#Censorship" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Belgium#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Bulgaria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Croatia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_Czech_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Estonia#Internet_surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_France" title="Internet censorship in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Germany" title="Internet censorship in Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">YouTube video blocking</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Greece#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Internet censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Kazakhstan" title="Internet in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania#Censorship" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Moldova#Surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Macedonia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Poland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Portugal#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Romania" title="Internet censorship in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia" title="Internet censorship in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Serbia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Slovenia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Spain#Internet_censorship_in_Spain" title="Internet in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Sweden#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Switzerland" title="Internet censorship in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Ukraine#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet censorship in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Australia" title="Internet censorship in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Fiji#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_New_Zealand" title="Internet censorship in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Papua_New_Guinea#Censorship" title="Communications in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_censorship_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_censorship_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Asia">Internet censorship in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Internet censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Internet censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia" title="Internet censorship in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Singapore" title="Internet censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet censorship in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> 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