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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion_of_1887" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_of_1887"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rebellion of 1887</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_of_1887-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion_of_1888" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_of_1888"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rebellion of 1888</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_of_1888-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion_of_1889" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_of_1889"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rebellion of 1889</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_of_1889-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion_of_1892" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_of_1892"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rebellion of 1892</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_of_1892-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coup_d'état_of_1893" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_d'état_of_1893"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coup d'état of 1893</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_d'état_of_1893-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Week" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Week"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Black Week</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Week-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion_of_1895" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_of_1895"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rebellion of 1895</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_of_1895-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rebellions and revolutions against governments of Hawaii</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Hawaiian rebellions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Boston_landing_force,_1893_(PP-36-3-002).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg/350px-USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg/525px-USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg/700px-USS_Boston_landing_force%2C_1893_%28PP-36-3-002%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="688" /></a></span><br />The ship's landing force on duty at the <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Hotel_(Honolulu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington Hotel (Honolulu)">Arlington Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy">overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy</a>, January 1893. Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Young" title="Lucien Young">Lucien Young</a>, USN, commanded the detachment, and is presumably the officer at right.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>July 6, 1887 - January 9, 1895 (7 years, 6 months and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian League">Hawaiian League</a> victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii">Fall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> established</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Wilcox_rebellion" title="1895 Wilcox rebellion">1895 Wilcox rebellion</a> fails</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Hawaii">Annexation of Hawaii</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Territory of Hawaii</a> established</li> <li>Eventual creation of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hawaii">State of Hawaii</a></li> <li>US Congress issues <a href="/wiki/Apology_Resolution" title="Apology Resolution">1993 official apology</a> to <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> for its involvement in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Royalists</b>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b>Annexationists</b>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Safety_(Hawaii)" title="Committee of Safety (Hawaii)">Hawaiian League</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> Other:<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/23px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/35px-Red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/46px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wilcox_rebellion_of_1889" title="Wilcox rebellion of 1889">Redshirts</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Patriotic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Patriotic League">Hawaiian Patriotic League</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liliuokalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nowlein" title="Samuel Nowlein">Samuel Nowlein</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles B. Wilson">Charles B. Wilson</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Wilcox" title="Robert William Wilcox">Robert W. Wilcox</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Willis" title="Albert S. Willis">Albert S. Willis</a><br /></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_A._Thurston" title="Lorrin A. Thurston">Lorrin A. Thurston</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Sanford_B._Dole" title="Sanford B. Dole">Sanford B. Dole</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Griffin_Hitchcock" title="Edward Griffin Hitchcock">Edward G. Hitchcock</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Harris_Soper" title="John Harris Soper">John H. Soper</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/John_L._Stevens" title="John L. Stevens">John L. Stevens</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/23px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/35px-Red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/46px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liliuokalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/23px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/35px-Red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/46px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Wilcox" title="Robert William Wilcox">Robert W. Wilcox</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/23px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/35px-Red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/46px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napunako_Boyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Napunako Boyd">Robert N. Boyd</a><br /> </p> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/23px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/35px-Red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/46px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles B. Wilson">Charles B. Wilson</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b>Hawaii</b><br /> 600<small> (peak)</small><br /> <b>United States</b><br /> 2 Warships<small> (peak)</small><br /> <b>Japan</b><br /> 2 Warships<small> (peak)</small><br /> <b>United Kingdom</b><br /> </p> 1 Warship<small> (peak)</small></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> 1500<small> (peak)</small></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~300<small> (peak)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> During the course of the rebellions, commanders and combatants changed their allegiances.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Hawaiian_Rebellions" title="Template:Campaignbox Hawaiian Rebellions"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Hawaiian_Rebellions" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Hawaiian Rebellions"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Hawaiian_Rebellions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Hawaiian Rebellions"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hawaiian_Rebellions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Rebellions (1887–1895)"><span class="wrap">Hawaiian Rebellions</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet_Constitution#Rebellion_of_1887" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayonet Constitution">Rebellion of 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilcox_Rebellion_of_1889" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilcox Rebellion of 1889"><i>Wilcox Rebellion 1889</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilcox_rebellions#Burlesque_Conspiracy" title="Wilcox rebellions"><i>Burlesque Conspiracy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leper_War_on_Kaua%CA%BBi" title="Leper War on Kauaʻi">Leper War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Week_(Hawaii)" title="Black Week (Hawaii)"><i>Black Week</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Wilcox_rebellion" title="1895 Wilcox rebellion"><i>1895 Wilcox rebellion</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Hawaiian rebellions and revolutions</b> took place in <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaii</a> between 1887 and 1895. Until <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Hawaii">annexation</a> in 1898, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> was <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">an independent sovereign state</a>, recognized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> with exchange of ambassadors. However, there were several challenges to the reigning governments of the Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> during the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-year (1887–1895) period. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_1887">Rebellion of 1887</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rebellion of 1887"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1887_Constitution_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom#Rebellion_of_1887" title="1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom">1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom § Rebellion of 1887</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg/220px-Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg/330px-Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg/440px-Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4352" data-file-height="5208" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1887, a group of cabinet officials and advisors to King <a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a> and an armed militia forced the king to promulgate what is known by its critics as the "<a href="/wiki/Bayonet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayonet Constitution">Bayonet Constitution</a>". The impetus behind the imposition of the 1887 constitution was the frustration amongst members of the Reform Party (also known as the Missionary Party) with the growing debt of the Kingdom, the spending habits of the King, and general governance of the Kingdom. It was specifically triggered by an ill-fated attempt by Kalakaua to create a Polynesian Federation under his rule, and a bribery scandal Kalakaua was involved in regarding opium licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1887 constitution stripped the monarchy of much of its authority, imposed significant income and property requirements for voting, and completely disenfranchised all Asians from voting.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only well-to-do Europeans, Americans and native Hawaiians were given full voting rights. When Kalākaua died in 1891 during a visit to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, his sister <a href="/wiki/Lili%CA%BBuokalani" title="Liliʻuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a> assumed the throne. </p><p>Native Hawaiians on the other hand, according to Queen Liliʻuokalani in her autobiography, called her brother's reign "a golden age materially for Hawaii" and felt that the new constitution was imposed by a minority of the foreign population because of the king's refusal to renew the Reciprocity Treaty, which now included an amendment that would have allowed the US Navy to have a permanent naval base at Pearl Harbor in O'ahu, and the king's foreign policy. According to bills submitted by the King to the Hawaiian parliament, the King's foreign policy included an alliance with Japan and supporting other Malay countries suffering from colonialism. Native Hawaiians were deeply opposed to a permanent US military presence in their country. </p><p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/1887_Constitution_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii">Bayonet Constitution</a> of 1887 <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> was president, and his secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a> sent written instructions to the American minister George W. Merrill that in the event of another revolution in Hawaii, it was a priority to protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard specified, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii." In July 1889, there was a small scale rebellion, and Minister Merrill landed Marines to protect Americans; the State Department explicitly approved his action. Merrill's replacement, minister <a href="/wiki/John_L._Stevens" title="John L. Stevens">John L. Stevens</a>, read those official instructions, and followed them in his controversial actions of 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_1888">Rebellion of 1888</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rebellion of 1888"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A plot by Princess Liliʻuokalani was exposed to overthrow King Kalākaua in a military coup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_1889">Rebellion of 1889</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rebellion of 1889"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wilcox_rebellion_of_1889" title="Wilcox rebellion of 1889">Wilcox rebellion of 1889</a></div> <p>In 1889, a rebellion of Native Hawaiians led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Wilcox" title="Robert William Wilcox">Robert Wilcox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napunako_Boyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Napunako Boyd">Robert Boyd</a> attempted to replace the hated Bayonet Constitution and stormed 'Iolani Palace. The rebellion was later crushed. The United States landed Marines to protect American interests, an action later officially endorsed by the State Department.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_1892">Rebellion of 1892</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rebellion of 1892"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A plot by Native Hawaiians led by Colonel Robert Wilcox attempted to overthrow the monarchy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coup_d'état_of_1893"><span id="Coup_d.27.C3.A9tat_of_1893"></span>Coup d'état of 1893</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coup d'état of 1893"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom</a></div> <p>According to Queen Liliʻuokalani in her autobiography, <i>Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen</i>, immediately upon ascending the throne, she received petitions from 2/3 of her subjects and the major Native Hawaiian political party in parliament, Hui Kālaiʻāina, asking her to proclaim a new constitution. Believing her actions were supported by both her cabinet and her Native Hawaiian subjects, Liliʻuokalani drafted a new constitution that would restore the monarchy's authority and strip American and European residents of the <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> they had obtained in 1887 by <a href="/wiki/Bayonet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayonet Constitution">threat of force</a> against King <a href="/wiki/Kalakaua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalakaua">Kalakaua</a>. </p><p>In response to Liliʻuokalani's attempt to promulgate a new constitution, a group of European and American residents formed a "Committee of Safety" on January 14, 1893, in opposition to the Queen and her plans. After a mass meeting of supporters, the Committee committed itself to the removal of the Queen, and seeking annexation to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States Government Minister <a href="/wiki/John_L._Stevens" title="John L. Stevens">John L. Stevens</a> Follow the explicit policy that it been laid out by President Cleveland's Secretary of State back in 1887, on the need to use American military forces to protect American interests in Hawaii during a revolutionary episode.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevens summoned a company of uniformed US Marines from the <a href="/wiki/USS_Boston_(1884)" title="USS Boston (1884)">USS <i>Boston</i></a> and two companies of US sailors to land on the kingdom and take up positions at the US Legation, Consulate, and Arion Hall on the afternoon of January 16, 1893. This deployment was at the request of the Committee of Safety, which claimed an "imminent threat to American lives and property". The royal military and police forces made no effort whatever to interfere, to stop the revolution, or to protect the Queen. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A provisional government was set up with the strong support of the Honolulu Rifles, a militia group which had defended the Kingdom against the Wilcox rebellion in 1889. Under this pressure, Liliʻuokalani gave up her throne to the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Safety_(Hawaii)" title="Committee of Safety (Hawaii)">Committee of Safety</a>. The Queen's statement yielding authority, on January 17, 1893, also pleaded for justice: </p> <dl><dd>I Liliʻuokalani, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the Provisional Government.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do this under protest and impelled by said force yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the Constitutional Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.</dd></dl> <p>Despite repeated claims that the overthrow was "bloodless", the Queen's Book notes to the contrary that Liluʻokalani received "friends [who] expressed their sympathy in person; amongst these Mrs. J. S. Walker, who had lost her husband by the treatment he received from the hands of the revolutionists. He was one of many who from persecution had succumbed to death." </p><p>An immediate investigation into the events of the overthrow was commissioned by President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> and conducted by former Congressman <a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">James Henderson Blount</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Blount_Report" title="Blount Report">Blount Report</a> was completed on July 17, 1893, and concluded that "United States diplomatic and military representatives had abused their authority and were responsible for the change in government."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minister Stevens was recalled, and the military commander of forces in Hawaii was forced to resign his commission. President Cleveland stated "Substantial wrong has thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well as the rights of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair the monarchy." Cleveland further stated in his 1893 <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that, "Upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us and to restore as far as practicable the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention." Submitting the matter to Congress on December 18, 1893, after President <a href="/wiki/Sanford_Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanford Dole">Sanford Dole</a> refused to reinstate the Queen on Cleveland's command, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee under Chairman Morgan, continued investigation into the matter. </p><p>On February 26, 1894, the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Report" title="Morgan Report">Morgan Report</a> was submitted, contradicting the Blount Report and finding Stevens and the US troops "not guilty" of any involvement in the overthrow. The report asserted that, "The complaint by Liliuokalani in the protest that she sent to the President of the United States and dated the 18th day of January, is not, in the opinion of the committee, well founded in fact or in justice."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After submission of the Morgan Report, Cleveland ended any efforts to reinstate the monarchy, and conducted normal diplomatic relations with the Provisional Government and later, the Republic of Hawaii. He rebuffed further entreaties from the Queen to intervene further in the matter. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> was established July 4, 1894 under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Sanford_Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanford Dole">Sanford Dole</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_Week">Black Week</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Black Week"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_Week_(Hawaii)" title="Black Week (Hawaii)">Black Week (Hawaii)</a></div> <p>Although not a rebellion, the Black Week was a near-war event directly related to the Hawaiian rebellions. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minister_to_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Minister to Hawaii">United States Minister to Hawaii</a> <a href="/wiki/John_L._Stevens" title="John L. Stevens">John L. Stevens</a> was forced to retire after supporting the overthrow of the monarchy. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">James Henderson Blount</a>. After completing the Blount Report, Blount was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Willis" title="Albert S. Willis">Albert S. Willis</a>. Willis, against America's present neutrality toward Hawaii, threatened an amphibious invasion to force the Provisional Government to restore the Queen. The threat failed to restore the monarchy, but did prolong annexation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_1895">Rebellion of 1895</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rebellion of 1895"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1895_Wilcox_rebellion" title="1895 Wilcox rebellion">1895 Wilcox rebellion</a></div> <p>In 1895, a counter-rebellion led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nowlein" title="Samuel Nowlein">Samuel Nowlein</a>, Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nawahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Nawahi">Joseph Nawahi</a>, members of the Royal Household Guards, and later Robert Wilcox attempted to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and restore the monarchy, and led to the conviction and imprisonment of the former Queen Liliuokalani and dissolution of the exiled royal government. According to <i>A History of Hawaiʻi</i> by Professor <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kuykendall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Kuykendall">Ralph Kuykendall</a>, the 1895 counter-rebellion was also heavily financed by Chinese and Japanese immigrants, who had felt some loyalty to Queen Liliʻuokalani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Courthouse_Riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu Courthouse Riot">Honolulu Courthouse Riot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887%E2%80%931895)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/jan-17-1893-hawaiian-monarchy-overthrown-by-america-backed-businessmen/?_r=0">"Jan. 17, 1893 | Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown by America-Backed Businessmen"</a>. <i>The Learning Network</i>. Jan 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Learning+Network&rft.atitle=Jan.+17%2C+1893+%7C+Hawaiian+Monarchy+Overthrown+by+America-Backed+Businessmen&rft.date=2012-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearning.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F17%2Fjan-17-1893-hawaiian-monarchy-overthrown-by-america-backed-businessmen%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHawaiian+rebellions+%281887%E2%80%931895%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss1992" class="citation book cs1">Russ, William Adam (1992). <i>The Hawaiian Revolution (1893-94)</i>. Associated University Presses. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945636-43-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-945636-43-1"><bdi>0-945636-43-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hawaiian+Revolution+%281893-94%29&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-945636-43-1&rft.aulast=Russ&rft.aufirst=William+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHawaiian+rebellions+%281887%E2%80%931895%29" class="Z3988"></span> "For instance, in 1887 he was accused of accepting a bribe of $71,000", footnote 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade1996" class="citation book cs1">Andrade, Ernest (1996). <i>The Unconquerable Rebel</i>. University Press of Colorado. pp. 42–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87081-417-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87081-417-6"><bdi>0-87081-417-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unconquerable+Rebel&rft.pages=42-44&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87081-417-6&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHawaiian+rebellions+%281887%E2%80%931895%29" class="Z3988"></span> "The opium scandal and fragmentary news concerning the Samoan embassy led to unprecedented criticism and unrest by a political opposition that had by this time gone far beyond venting its dissatisfaction through political action."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russ, The Hawaiian Revolution, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles S. Campbell, <i>The Transformation of American Foreign Relations: 1865–1900</i> (1976), pp. 178–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles S. Campbell, <i>The Transformation of American Foreign Relations: 1865–1900</i> (1976), pp. 178–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morganreport.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=817-819#AFFIDAVIT_OF_F._W._McCHESNEY">The Morgan Report</a>, p. 817. "There was talk at the meeting of the committee at W. R. Castle's, on the next (Sunday) morning, of having resolutions abrogating the monarchy and pronouncing for annexation, offered at the mass meeting;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Transformation of American Foreign Relations: 1865–1900</i> (1976), pp. 178-79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss1992" class="citation book cs1">Russ, William Adam (1992). <i>The Hawaiian Revolution (1893-94)</i>. Associated University Presses. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945636-43-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-945636-43-1"><bdi>0-945636-43-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hawaiian+Revolution+%281893-94%29&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-945636-43-1&rft.aulast=Russ&rft.aufirst=William+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHawaiian+rebellions+%281887%E2%80%931895%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ball, Milner S. "Symposium: Native American Law," <i>Georgia Law Review</i> 28 (1979): 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/cleveland-5.html">"Grover Cleveland, State of the Union Address, 1893"</a>. <i>USA Presidents</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Presidents&rft.atitle=Grover+Cleveland%2C+State+of+the+Union+Address%2C+1893&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usa-presidents.info%2Funion%2Fcleveland-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHawaiian+rebellions+%281887%E2%80%931895%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morganreport.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=384-385">Reports of Committee on Foreign Relations 1789-1901 Volume 6 (The Morgan Report)</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887–1895)&oldid=1248976244">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_rebellions_(1887–1895)&oldid=1248976244</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Category:Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Hawaii" title="Category:Battles involving Hawaii">Battles involving Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_in_Hawaii" title="Category:1880s in Hawaii">1880s in Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890s_in_Hawaii" title="Category:1890s in Hawaii">1890s in Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Category:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Category:Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Riots_and_civil_disorder_in_Hawaii" title="Category:Riots and civil disorder in Hawaii">Riots and civil disorder in Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_conflicts" title="Category:1880s conflicts">1880s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890s_conflicts" title="Category:1890s conflicts">1890s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Category:Military of the Hawaiian Kingdom">Military of the Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_revolutions" title="Category:19th-century revolutions">19th-century revolutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_rebellions" title="Category:19th-century rebellions">19th-century rebellions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 October 2024, at 14:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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