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Rehabilitatie (recht) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Juridische_rehabilitatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juridische_rehabilitatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Juridische rehabilitatie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Juridische_rehabilitatie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Juridische rehabilitatie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Juridische_rehabilitatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enkele_bekende_rehabilitaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enkele_bekende_rehabilitaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Enkele bekende rehabilitaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enkele_bekende_rehabilitaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rehabilitatie_in_ruimere_zin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rehabilitatie_in_ruimere_zin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rehabilitatie in ruimere zin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rehabilitatie_in_ruimere_zin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Rehabilitatie</b> of <b>eerherstel</b> is een rechtshandeling waarbij een veroordeeld persoon of groep personen in zijn politieke en burgerlijke rechten hersteld wordt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juridische_rehabilitatie">Juridische rehabilitatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Juridische rehabilitatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Juridische rehabilitatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg/260px-Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg/390px-Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg/520px-Bord_over_rehabilitatie_Heksen_in_Nieuwpoort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Bord over de rehabilitatie heksen in <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort_(Belgi%C3%AB)" title="Nieuwpoort (België)">Nieuwpoort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dit kan in een individueel geval, wanneer nieuwe elementen naar voren gekomen zijn waaruit blijkt dat de persoon onschuldig was en onterecht veroordeeld werd. Dit kan ook collectief, zoals na een regimewissel, bijvoorbeeld tussen <a href="/wiki/Dictatuur" title="Dictatuur">dictatuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratie</a>, waarbij de tegenstanders en <a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">dissidenten</a> van het gevallen regime gerehabiliteerd worden. Rehabilitatie na een -&#160;later erkende juridische dwaling&#160;- kan naargelang van de lokale wetgeving, gepaard gaan met schadevergoeding en teruggave van bijvoorbeeld aangeslagen bezittingen. In bepaalde gevallen is de rehabilitatie postuum, wanneer een foute veroordeling uit het verleden pas laat erkend wordt en het eerherstel aan hun nakomelingen toekomt. </p><p>Deze restitutie kan soms decennia aanslepen, zoals bij de slachtoffers van de <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">holocaust</a> waarbij meer dan 65 jaar na de feiten nog onterecht aangeslagen kunstwerken opduiken.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In Spanje duurde het tot 2007, drieëndertig jaar na het einde van de <a href="/wiki/Dictatuur" title="Dictatuur">dictatuur</a> van <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> voor de slachtoffers van de uitzonderingsrechtbanken <a href="/wiki/Rechtbank_voor_openbare_orde" title="Rechtbank voor openbare orde">Rechtbank voor openbare orde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bijzondere_rechtbank_voor_de_repressie_van_de_vrijmetselarij_en_het_communisme" title="Bijzondere rechtbank voor de repressie van de vrijmetselarij en het communisme">Bijzondere rechtbank voor de repressie van de vrijmetselarij en het communisme</a> gedeeltelijk in eer hersteld werden.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wanneer de schade nauwelijks meer te herstellen is, zoals bij een onterechte terdoodveroordeling blijft eerherstel belangrijk voor de nakomelingen. </p><p>Rehabilitatie kan ook onder bepaalde voorwaarden wanneer een terecht veroordeelde zijn straf volledig uitgezeten heeft. In <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> moet een veroordeelde, na het uitzitten van zijn straf of het vereffenen van de boete, zelf "herstel in eer en rechten" aanvragen. Daarna kan hij een blanco <a href="/wiki/Strafregister" class="mw-redirect" title="Strafregister">strafregister</a> krijgen en worden eventuele nieuwe feiten niet als <a href="/wiki/Recidive" title="Recidive">recidive</a> beschouwd.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eerherstel verschilt van <a href="/wiki/Amnestie" title="Amnestie">amnestie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gratie" title="Gratie">gratie</a>, waarbij verdiende straffen geheel of gedeeltelijk kwijtgescholden worden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enkele_bekende_rehabilitaties">Enkele bekende rehabilitaties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Enkele bekende rehabilitaties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Enkele bekende rehabilitaties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a> (1859-1935), bekend van de <a href="/wiki/Dreyfusaffaire" title="Dreyfusaffaire">Dreyfusaffaire</a>, veroordeeld tot levenslang in 1895 en gerehabiliteerd in 1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (1564-1642), postuum in 1992 door de katholieke kerk gerehabiliteerd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiedergutmachung" title="Wiedergutmachung">Wiedergutmachung</a> aan de slachtoffers van de <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">holocaust</a>, het materiële aspect van de <a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rehabilitatie_in_ruimere_zin">Rehabilitatie in ruimere zin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rehabilitatie in ruimere zin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rehabilitatie in ruimere zin"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De term rehabilitatie wordt ook in ruimere zin gebruikt binnen politieke partijen, (sport)verenigingen of kerken, wanneer een prominent lid dat om één of andere redenen in ongenade gevallen is na verloop van tijd of bij veranderende machtsverhoudingen, intern weer in ere hersteld wordt, zonder tussenkomst van een rechtsinstantie. Binnen autocratische regimes is niet altijd even duidelijk of het om een juridische of interne rehabilitatie gaat wegens het gebrek aan scheiding tussen de rechterlijke en de uitvoerende macht en de veel voorkomende <a href="/wiki/Schijnproces" class="mw-redirect" title="Schijnproces">schijnprocessen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitatie_(recht)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reclassering" title="Reclassering">Reclassering</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zie bijvoorbeeld het geval <a href="/wiki/Schwabinger_Kunstfund" title="Schwabinger Kunstfund">Gurlitt</a> in: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2013-12/nazi-raubkunst-bundestag">"Verdacht auf Nazi-Raubkunst im Bundestag"</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>,</i> 30 december 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2007-22296">“Ley 52/2007, de 26 de diciembre, por la que se reconocen y amplían derechos y se establecen medidas en favor de quienes padecieron persecución o violencia durante la guerra civil y la dictadura.” (Wet die de rechten erkent en uitbreidt en die maatregelen bepaalt ten voordele van die personen die slachtoffers waren van vervolging of geweld tijdens de burgeroorlog en de dictatuur)</a>, publicatie van de wet in het <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a>,</i> 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justitie.belgium.be/nl/themas_en_dossiers/straffen_en_boetes/strafregister/uitwissing_en_herstel_in_eer_en_rechten/">"Uitwissing en herstel in eer en rechten"</a>, Federale Overheidsdienst Justitie</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐64476968cd‐5sqh8 Cached time: 20241102133321 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.031 seconds Real time usage: 0.042 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 585/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1977/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 584301/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 21.302 1 -total 100.00% 21.302 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 87.26% 18.589 1 Sjabloon:References --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:3884656-0!canonical and timestamp 20241102133321 and revision id 68139658. 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