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href="#Verschil_met_gratie,_eerherstel_en_seponering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verschil met gratie, eerherstel en seponering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verschil_met_gratie,_eerherstel_en_seponering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_juridische_basis_van_amnestie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_juridische_basis_van_amnestie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>De juridische basis van amnestie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-De_juridische_basis_van_amnestie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>De juridische basis van amnestie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-De_juridische_basis_van_amnestie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reden_voor_amnestie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reden_voor_amnestie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reden voor amnestie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reden_voor_amnestie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amnestie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 60 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D9%88_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5" title="عفو خاص – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عفو خاص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnist%C3%ADa" title="Amnistía – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amnistía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistiya" title="Amnistiya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amnistiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Амністыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амністыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Амністыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амністыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Амнистия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амнистия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Амнисти – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амнисти" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistia" title="Amnistia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amnistia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestie" title="Amnestie – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amnestie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnest" title="Amnest – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amnest" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amnesti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestie" title="Amnestie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amnestie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αμνηστία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμνηστία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amnesty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestio" title="Amnestio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amnestio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnist%C3%ADa" title="Amnistía – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amnistía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestia" title="Amnestia – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amnestia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistia" title="Amnistia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amnistia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="عفو عمومی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عفو عمومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestia" title="Amnestia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amnestia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistie" title="Amnistie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amnistie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amnesty" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnist%C3%ADa" title="Amnistía – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amnistía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="आम माफी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आम माफी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestija" title="Amnestija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amnestija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesztia" title="Amnesztia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amnesztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Համաներում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համաներում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amnesti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestio" title="Amnestio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amnestio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistia" title="Amnistia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amnistia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ამნისტია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამნისტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Амнистия – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амнистия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕ್ಷಮಾದಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಷಮಾದಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestija" title="Amnestija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amnestija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestija" title="Amnestija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amnestija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Амнестија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амнестија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%88%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Өршөөл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өршөөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amnesti" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amnesti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistia" title="Amnistia – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amnistia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestia" title="Amnestia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amnestia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistia" title="Anistia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anistia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistie" title="Amnistie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amnistie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Амнистия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амнистия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestija" title="Amnestija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amnestija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amnesty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnestia" title="Amnestia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amnestia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnisti" title="Amnisti – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amnisti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Амнестија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амнестија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amnesti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msamaha_(sheria)" title="Msamaha (sheria) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msamaha (sheria)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%84" title="Авф – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Авф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2)" title="นิรโทษกรรม (กฎหมายอาญา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิรโทษกรรม (กฎหมายอาญา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarl%C4%B1qaw" title="Yarlıqaw – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yarlıqaw" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Амністія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амністія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnistiya" title="Amnistiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amnistiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82n_x%C3%A1" title="Ân xá – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ân xá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Amnestie</b> is een maatregel waarmee de <a href="/wiki/Wetgever_(staatsrecht)" title="Wetgever (staatsrecht)">wetgever</a> aan bepaalde handelingen <a href="/wiki/Met_terugwerkende_kracht" class="mw-redirect" title="Met terugwerkende kracht">met terugwerkende kracht</a> hun strafbaar karakter ontneemt zodat die handelingen geacht worden nooit een <a href="/wiki/Misdrijf" title="Misdrijf">misdrijf</a> te zijn geweest. Zowel de <a href="/wiki/Strafvordering" title="Strafvordering">strafvordering</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Strafrecht" title="Strafrecht">strafrechtelijke</a> veroordeling als de straf worden tenietgedaan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bij amnestie worden zowel <a href="/wiki/Schuld_(strafrecht)" title="Schuld (strafrecht)">schuld</a> als <a href="/wiki/Boete" title="Boete">boete</a> gewist. </p><p>Het woord amnestie komt van het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Griekse</a> <i>amnestia</i>, vergetelheid. Iemands daden worden door een amnestieverlening als het ware aan de vergetelheid prijsgegeven en daarmee volledig uitgewist. Een collectieve amnestieverlening wordt in Nederland ook wel een <b>generaal pardon</b> genoemd. </p><p>Er kan amnestie verleend worden aan bepaalde individuen of aan allen die een bepaald strafbaar feit hebben gepleegd. Amnestie kan zelfs betrekking hebben op alle strafbare daden die in een bepaalde periode of in verband met bepaalde omstandigheden gepleegd zijn. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verschil_met_gratie,_eerherstel_en_seponering"><span id="Verschil_met_gratie.2C_eerherstel_en_seponering"></span>Verschil met gratie, eerherstel en seponering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verschil met gratie, eerherstel en seponering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verschil met gratie, eerherstel en seponering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onder <a href="/wiki/Gratie" title="Gratie">gratie</a> of <b>genade</b> wordt verstaan: het kwijtschelden, verminderen of veranderen van straffen die door de strafrechter zijn uitgesproken. Gratie kan worden verleend door de <a href="/wiki/Koning_(titel)" title="Koning (titel)">Koning</a> (België) of door de <a href="/wiki/Minister_van_Justitie" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister van Justitie">Minister van Justitie</a> (Nederland), hetzij op basis van een individueel verzoek, dan wel in de vorm van een <a href="/wiki/Collectieve_gratie" title="Collectieve gratie">collectieve gratie</a> (bijvoorbeeld ter gelegenheid van een <a href="/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie">dynastieke</a> gebeurtenis). Gratie betreft enkel de <i>uitvoering</i> van de straf maar doet de straf zélf (en haar inschrijving in het <a href="/wiki/Centraal_Strafregister" title="Centraal Strafregister">Centraal Strafregister</a>) niet verdwijnen. In tegenstelling tot amnestie en <a href="/wiki/Vrijspraak" title="Vrijspraak">vrijspraak</a> wordt bij gratie de veroordeelde niet onschuldig geacht. </p><p><b>Eerherstel</b> daarentegen is een beslissing van de <a href="/wiki/Rechterlijke_macht" title="Rechterlijke macht">rechterlijke macht</a> die enkel de strafrechtelijke <i>gevolgen</i> van een veroordeling <i>voor de toekomst</i> uitwist, dus zonder retroactiviteit, teneinde, bijvoorbeeld na uitvoering van een straf of gratiemaatregel, tot een blanco-strafregister te komen (art. 619 e.v. <a href="/wiki/Wetboek_van_Strafvordering_(Belgi%C3%AB)" title="Wetboek van Strafvordering (België)">Sv</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Net zoals bij de vrijspraak, een beslissing van de strafrechter, wordt bij de <a href="/wiki/Sepot" title="Sepot">seponering</a>, een beslissing van de <a href="/wiki/Openbare_aanklager" class="mw-redirect" title="Openbare aanklager">openbare aanklager</a> (in België: <a href="/wiki/Openbaar_Ministerie_(Belgi%C3%AB)" title="Openbaar Ministerie (België)">parket</a>), respectievelijk de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beklaagde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beklaagde (de pagina bestaat niet)">beklaagde</a> (of beschuldigde in geval van <a href="/wiki/Hof_van_assisen" title="Hof van assisen">assisen</a>) noch de <a href="/wiki/Verdachte" title="Verdachte">verdachte</a> bestraft voor zijn daden. In tegenstelling tot wat amnestie, gratie of eerherstel betreft worden er in het geval van sepot geen straffen uitgesproken. De <a href="/wiki/Strafvervolging" title="Strafvervolging">strafvervolging</a> wordt gestaakt omdat de autoriteiten (in België: het <a href="/wiki/College_van_procureurs-generaal_(Belgi%C3%AB)" title="College van procureurs-generaal (België)">College van procureurs-generaal</a> na overleg met de Minister van Justitie) andere prioriteiten hebben (dit is een 'beleidssepot', gebaseerd op een opportuniteitsoordeel), of omdat vervolging onmogelijk is (geworden) door vb. gebrek aan bewijs, verjaring, dood van de verdachte, enz. Dit laatste noemt men een 'technisch sepot'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_juridische_basis_van_amnestie">De juridische basis van amnestie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De juridische basis van amnestie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De juridische basis van amnestie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nederland">Nederland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De mogelijkheid van amnestie is geregeld in artikel 122 tweede lid van de <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Grondwet" title="Nederlandse Grondwet">Nederlandse Grondwet</a>. </p><p>Amnestie geschiedt altijd bij of krachtens een op zichzelf staande <a href="/wiki/Formele_wet" class="mw-redirect" title="Formele wet">formele wet</a>. Dat houdt in dat de vaststelling van een amnestiewet geschiedt door regering en Staten-Generaal gezamenlijk. </p><p>Ook hierin onderscheidt amnestie zich van gratie: gratie wordt verleend krachtens de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gratiewet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gratiewet (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gratiewet</a> door koninklijk besluit, waaromtrent geen goedkeuring van het parlement vereist is. Wel is de minister van Justitie (als verantwoordelijke van de Koning) in geval van gratieverlening achteraf verantwoording schuldig aan het parlement, voortvloeiende uit het <a href="/wiki/Recht_van_interpellatie" title="Recht van interpellatie">recht van interpellatie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reden_voor_amnestie">Reden voor amnestie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Reden voor amnestie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Reden voor amnestie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de geschiedenis werd vaak amnestie verleend bij het normaliseren van de verhoudingen na een politieke omwenteling, <a href="/wiki/Burgeroorlog" title="Burgeroorlog">burgeroorlog</a> en dergelijke. In het proces van verzoening kan de overwinnende partij amnestie verlenen aan degenen die zich tijdens de onlusten tegen die partij verzet hebben. Daarbij wordt vaak een uitzondering gemaakt voor de leiders van de tegenpartij, of voor plegers van bijzonder ernstige (oorlogs)misdaden. </p><p>Een andere reden kan zijn, een veranderend inzicht in de mate van verwerpelijkheid van bepaalde daden. Als men de strafbaarheid van een <a href="/wiki/Delict" title="Delict">delict</a> afschaft, of de maximale straf verlaagt, kan men ook de reeds veroordeelden amnestie verlenen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De vroegst beschreven amnestie was die van <a href="/wiki/Thrasybulus_van_Athene" title="Thrasybulus van Athene">Thrasybulus van Athene</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Dertig_Tirannen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dertig Tirannen">Dertig Tirannen</a> en enkele anderen werden van die amnestie uitgezonderd.</li> <li>Op 16 maart <a href="/wiki/44_v.Chr." title="44 v.Chr.">44 v.Chr.</a> kregen <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Brutus">Marcus Brutus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Cassius_Longinus_(tirannendoder)" title="Gaius Cassius Longinus (tirannendoder)">Gaius Cassius</a> en de moordenaars van <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> amnestie van de <a href="/wiki/Senaat_(Rome)" title="Senaat (Rome)">senaat</a> en werd Caesar ook goddelijk verklaard.</li> <li>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Restauratie_(Engeland)" title="Restauratie (Engeland)">Restauratie</a> van <a href="/wiki/Karel_II_van_Engeland" title="Karel II van Engeland">Karel II van Engeland</a> werd amnestie verleend, maar de personen die deel hadden genomen in de executie van Karels vader werden uitgezonderd.</li> <li>De laatste amnestiewet die door het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Groot-Brittannië">Britse</a> werd aangenomen was die van <a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>, waarin de deelnemers aan de <a href="/wiki/Jacobitisme_(politiek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobitisme (politiek)">Jacobitische opstand</a> van 1745 gratie werd verleend.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a> verleende een amnestie op 13 maart <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>. Dertien prominenten, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Talleyrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Talleyrand">Talleyrand</a> werden uitgezonderd.</li> <li>De amnestie van <a href="/wiki/Pruisen" title="Pruisen">Pruisen</a> van 10 augustus <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>.</li> <li>De algemene amnestie, uitgeroepen door <a href="/wiki/Frans_Jozef_I_van_Oostenrijk" title="Frans Jozef I van Oostenrijk">Frans Jozef I van Oostenrijk</a> in 1857.</li> <li>De algemene amnestie, toegekend door de <a href="/wiki/President_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="President van de Verenigde Staten">President van de Verenigde Staten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, na afloop van de <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Burgeroorlog" title="Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog">Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog</a> (1861 - 9 april 1865) in 1868.</li> <li>De Franse amnestie van <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>.</li> <li>De algemene amnestie voor Zuid-Afrikanen die zich verzet hebben tegen de apartheid in augustus 1991. Circa 40 000 mensen worden vrijgelaten.</li> <li>In Suriname werd in 1992 de <a href="/wiki/Amnestiewet_(Suriname)" title="Amnestiewet (Suriname)">Amnestiewet</a> aangenomen waarmee amnestie werd verleend voor rond de twintig strafbare feiten die tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Binnenlandse_Oorlog" title="Binnenlandse Oorlog">Binnenlandse Oorlog</a> werden begaan. De wet werd in 2012 verruimd, toen er een rechtszaak liep tegen een groot aantal verdachten van de <a href="/wiki/Decembermoorden" title="Decembermoorden">Decembermoorden</a>, onder wie voormalig legerleider en toenmalig president <a href="/wiki/Desi_Bouterse" title="Desi Bouterse">Desi Bouterse</a>. Deze wet werd later ingetrokken, waardoor de berechting door kon gaan.</li></ul> <p>Amnestieverleningen kunnen controversieel zijn. In 1949 en in 1954 werd in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> amnestie verleend, die volgens sommigen in strijd waren met het principe van <a href="/wiki/Denazificatie" title="Denazificatie">denazificatie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitatie_(recht)" title="Rehabilitatie (recht)">Rehabilitatie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606002605/http://vrg-gent.be/samenvattingen-downloads.php?id=73">VRG-Gent, Basisbegrippen publiekrecht, 2e semester 2014-2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alen, André en Muylle, Koen, Compendium van het Belgisch Staatsrecht, Deel II, Kluwer, Mechelen, 2004, p.532</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Verstraeten, R. en Verbruggen, F., Strafrecht & strafprocesrecht voor bachelors, Deel 1, KU Leuven, Maklu, Antwerpen-Apeldoorn, 2012-2013, p. 121</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&oldid=64433125">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amnestie&oldid=64433125</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Strafrecht" title="Categorie:Strafrecht">Strafrecht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Politieke_terminologie" title="Categorie:Politieke terminologie">Politieke terminologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Recht" title="Categorie:Recht">Recht</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 7 jun 2023 om 07:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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