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class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Desmond</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Desmond_Dec_5,_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png/260px-Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png/390px-Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png/520px-Desmond_Dec_5%2C_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Desmond on 5 December 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0px 2px"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px"><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">3 December 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">8 December 2015</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0px 2px"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>81 mph (130 km/h)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Highest gust</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">112 mph (180 km/h)<br /> (<a href="/wiki/Aonach_M%C3%B2r" title="Aonach Mòr">Aonach Mòr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">939 mb (27.7 inHg)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0px 2px"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">3<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">≥ £870 million (≥ €970 million) (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Power outages</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px">46,300<sup id="cite_ref-willmetcalfe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willmetcalfe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CL-Desmond_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL-Desmond-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="padding:0.1em;">Part of the <b><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Storm Desmond</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a> and fourth named storm of the <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season</a>, notable for directing a plume of moist air, known as an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_river" title="Atmospheric river">atmospheric river</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which brought record amounts of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_types#Orographic" title="Precipitation types">orographic rainfall</a> to upland areas of northern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic Europe</a> and subsequent major floods.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the worst affected areas were centred on <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>. In Ireland, the worst affected areas were in the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_River_Basin" title="Shannon River Basin">Shannon River Basin</a>, in the west and Irish midlands.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Severe rain and some flooding was also reported in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disruption from flooding, high winds, and damage to infrastructure led to the suspension of hundreds of rail services across the country, with the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> closed for several days due to flooding and a landslide. Sports fixtures were also cancelled and more than 43,000 homes across the north of England were left without power, as well as over 2,000 homes in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> and around 700 in Wales. The extent of damage caused in such a short period across wide areas brought into focus the performance of UK central government flood defence strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-dieterhelm.co.uk_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dieterhelm.co.uk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expected heavy rainfall was considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">extreme weather</a> event by the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Meteorological_Institute" title="Norwegian Meteorological Institute">Norwegian Meteorological Institute</a>, who named it <i>Synne</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a> named the low Ted, as part of its Adopt–a–vortex programme.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_history">Meteorological history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desmond_2015_track.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Desmond_2015_track.png/275px-Desmond_2015_track.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Desmond_2015_track.png/413px-Desmond_2015_track.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Desmond_2015_track.png/550px-Desmond_2015_track.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Path of Storm Desmond.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Map key</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 51em; width: 100%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">Saffir–Simpson scale</a></b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6EC1EA; color:black;"> </span> Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4DFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFCC; color:black;"> </span> Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFE775; color:black;"> </span> Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFC140; color:black;"> </span> Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8F20; color:black;"> </span> Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF6060; color:black;"> </span> Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> Unknown </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 20em; width: 100%;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Storm type</b></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/27px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/36px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/27px-Solid_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/36px-Solid_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></div> <div><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/27px-ArrowUp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/36px-ArrowUp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression</div> </div></div></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forecasts">Forecasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forecasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 December, the Met Office issued a yellow warning for wind across most of the north of the UK, with gusts expected to reach 70 mph (110 km/h) in south-west Scotland. Yellow warnings had also been given for rain in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, the north of Wales and central Scotland. An amber warning for rain was issued in parts of central and southern Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Tayside" title="Tayside">Tayside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>; forecasting up to 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain on high ground over a 30-hour period.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met Éireann issued a status red rainfall warning for areas of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a>, as well as counties <a href="/wiki/County_Donegal" title="County Donegal">Donegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Clare_County_Council" title="Clare County Council">Clare County Council</a> issuing a flood warning.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 December, the Met Office issued a red severe weather warning for rain in Cumbria, with 150 mm (5.9 in) to 200 mm (7.9 in) expected in some places. It was the first such warning since <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Tini" title="Cyclone Tini">storm Tini</a> in February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a> had severe flood warnings in place for parts of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> and across Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weather_warnings">Weather warnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Weather warnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weather warnings in the United Kingdom are issued by the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Warning Severity</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Areas affected </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Weather_Warning_Service#Warning_Colours" title="National Severe Weather Warning Service">Red</a></td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5–6 December</td> <td>North West England; SW Scotland, Lothian & Borders </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Weather_Warning_Service#Warning_Colours" title="National Severe Weather Warning Service">Orange</a></td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5–6 December</td> <td>Central, Tayside & Fife; North East England; Strathclyde; Yorkshire & Humber </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Weather_Warning_Service#Warning_Colours" title="National Severe Weather Warning Service">Orange</a></td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Wind</td> <td>5–6 December</td> <td>North East England; North West England; SW Scotland, Lothian Borders; and Yorkshire & Humber </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Weather_Warning_Service#Warning_Colours" title="National Severe Weather Warning Service">Yellow</a></td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5–6 December</td> <td>Grampian; Highlands & Eilean Siar; Northern Ireland; Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Weather_Warning_Service#Warning_Colours" title="National Severe Weather Warning Service">Yellow</a></td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Wind</td> <td>5–6 December</td> <td>Central, Tayside & Fife; East Midlands; Grampian; Highlands & Eilean Siar; Northern Ireland; Strathclyde; Wales; West Midlands </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weather warnings in the Republic of Ireland are issued by <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Warning Severity</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Areas affected </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red; font-size: large;">Red</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5 December</td> <td>Connacht and counties Clare, Donegal and Kerry </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange; font-size: large;">Orange</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5 December</td> <td>Counties Cavan, Cork and Limerick </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange; font-size: large;">Orange</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Wind</td> <td>5 December</td> <td>Counties Clare, Cork, Donegal, Galway, Kerry, Leitrim, Mayo, Sligo, Waterford, Wexford and Wicklow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;">Yellow</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>5 December</td> <td>Leinster and counties Monaghan, Tipperary and Waterford </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;">Yellow</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Wind</td> <td>5 December</td> <td>Counties Carlow, Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Tipperary and Westmeath </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange; font-size: large;">Orange</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>11 December</td> <td>Counties Clare, Cork and Kerry </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;">Yellow</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>11 December</td> <td>Connacht, Leinster and counties Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow; font-size: large;">Yellow</td> <td style="background-color: #00000; font-size: large;" id="Beaufort_Number_12">Rain</td> <td>15 December</td> <td>Counties Cork, Kerry and Waterford </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weather_records">Weather records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Weather records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storm Desmond broke the United Kingdom's 24-hour rainfall record, with 341.4 mm (13.44 in) of rain falling in <a href="/wiki/Honister_Pass" title="Honister Pass">Honister Pass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, on 5 December.<sup id="cite_ref-metoffice.gov.uk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metoffice.gov.uk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous record was set <a href="/wiki/2009_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" title="2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods">in 2009</a>, also in Cumbria, when 316.4 mm (12.46 in) of rain fell in <a href="/wiki/Seathwaite,_Allerdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Seathwaite, Allerdale">Seathwaite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-metoffice.gov.uk_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metoffice.gov.uk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest standard 09:00 GMT – 09:00 GMT rain day record however remains 279 mm (11.0 in) at <a href="/wiki/Martinstown,_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinstown, Dorset">Martinstown, Dorset</a> set on 18 July 1955, as much of the historical data is recorded in this way.<sup id="cite_ref-ITVrain_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITVrain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 48‑hour rainfall record also looked set to be beaten, with <a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a> reporting 405 mm (15.9 in) of rain falling up to 08:00 GMT on 6 December 2015, compared to the previous record of 395.6 mm (15.57 in) on 18–19 November 2009 at Seathwaite.<sup id="cite_ref-ITVrain_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITVrain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2015_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Great Britain and Ireland floods">2015 Great Britain and Ireland floods</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png/220px-DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png/330px-DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png/440px-DesmondAtmosphericRiver.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">Satellite image</a> of the plume of moist air, known as an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_river" title="Atmospheric river">atmospheric river</a>, brought to Western Europe by Desmond</figcaption></figure> <p>Desmond created an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_river" title="Atmospheric river">atmospheric river</a> in its wake, bringing in moist air from the Caribbean to the British Isles. As a result, rainfall from Desmond was unusually heavy, with the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Meteorological_Institute" title="Norwegian Meteorological Institute">Norwegian Meteorological Institute</a> designating Desmond an extreme weather event as a result of the expected rainfall. </p><p>Heavy rainfall from Desmond caused severe disruption. <a href="/wiki/Appleby-in-Westmorland" title="Appleby-in-Westmorland">Appleby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kendal,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendal, Cumbria">Kendal</a> in the English county of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> suffered blocked roads, collapsed bridges and some homes were evacuated; <a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbria Police">Cumbria Police</a> declared the situation a "major incident".<sup id="cite_ref-bbcdesmond_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcdesmond-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many houses in <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> were flooded, and tens of thousands of properties in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire" title="Lancaster, Lancashire">Lancaster</a> lost power when a sub-station was flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 5,200 homes were flooded in Lancashire and Cumbria<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_Desmond_2015_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_Desmond_2015-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and approximately 1,000 people were evacuated from their homes in the town of <a href="/wiki/Hawick" title="Hawick">Hawick</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/River_Teviot" title="River Teviot">River Teviot</a> flooding. The <a href="/wiki/River_Nith" title="River Nith">River Nith</a> burst its banks in <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a>, flooding part of the town,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a major emergency being declared in <a href="/wiki/Dumfries_%26_Galloway" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumfries & Galloway">Dumfries & Galloway</a> as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landslides and flooding closed some main roads in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and Counties <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">Down</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Tyrone" title="County Tyrone">Tyrone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> suffered road closures from fallen trees.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcdesmond_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcdesmond-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, the worst affected areas were the province of Connacht and counties Donegal, <a href="/wiki/County_Westmeath" title="County Westmeath">Westmeath</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">Limerick</a>, Clare, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">Cork</a> and Kerry. Multiple, particularly local, roads were closed as a result of rivers breaching their banks and excess rainfall. In Connacht, the damage was worst in <a href="/wiki/Athleague" title="Athleague">Athleague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballinasloe" title="Ballinasloe">Ballinasloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick-on-Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claregalway" title="Claregalway">Claregalway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crossmolina" title="Crossmolina">Crossmolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foxford" title="Foxford">Foxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway city</a>. Millions of euro worth of damage was caused in <a href="/wiki/Bandon,_County_Cork" title="Bandon, County Cork">Bandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fermoy" title="Fermoy">Fermoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenmare" title="Kenmare">Kenmare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tralee" title="Tralee">Tralee</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Blackpool,_Cork" title="Blackpool, Cork">Blackpool</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork city</a> was severely affected by a higher level of water flow in the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee" title="River Lee">River Lee</a>. Heavy rain has also resulted in severe flooding in communities along the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portumna" title="Portumna">Portumna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Harbour" title="Shannon Harbour">Shannon Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_County_Limerick" title="Montpelier, County Limerick">Montpelier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonlara" title="Clonlara">Clonlara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parteen" title="Parteen">Parteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annacotty" title="Annacotty">Annacotty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick city</a>. The river breached its banks in Athlone on 9 December.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other areas affected due to heavy rainfall included <a href="/wiki/Bray,_County_Wicklow" title="Bray, County Wicklow">Bray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonmel" title="Clonmel">Clonmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Glaslough" title="Glaslough">Glaslough</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Monaghan" title="County Monaghan">County Monaghan</a>, the body of a 70-year-old man was found when his car was believed to have become trapped in a dipped part of a flooded road.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further heavy rainfall exacerbated existing problems on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, which had been struck by localised flash flooding on 3 December,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with warnings that Desmond could bring more flooding and more damage to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, heavy rainfall led to flooding close to <a href="/wiki/Llandygai" title="Llandygai">Llandygai</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, with <a href="/wiki/RNLI" class="mw-redirect" title="RNLI">RNLI</a> coastguard helicopters rescuing one person from their car.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding was also reported on <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, in parts of <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a> and in and around the South Wales city of <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wind damage was reported in <a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a> as winds gusted to 83 mph within the <a href="/wiki/Snowdonia_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdonia National Park">Snowdonia National Park</a>. </p><p>A 90-year-old man was killed after being blown into the side of a <a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_143" class="mw-redirect" title="London Buses route 143">route 143</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Finchley_Central_tube_station" title="Finchley Central tube station">Finchley Central tube station</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> by a sudden gust of wind around 12:35 <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">waterfall</a> appeared at <a href="/wiki/Malham_Cove" title="Malham Cove">Malham Cove</a> for a short time due to heavy rainfall. This had not previously happened in living memory.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_(geograph_4761015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg/220px-Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg/330px-Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg/440px-Carlisle_Civic_Centre_amid_floodwater_%28geograph_4761015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Carlisle Civic Centre in the floodwater, December 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 43,000 homes were left without power on 4 December in <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> as a result of the storm, with 38,500 homes having power restored within 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-willmetcalfe_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willmetcalfe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 621 homes in the <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Leyburn" title="Leyburn">Leyburn</a> were left without power due to storm damage during the evening of 4 December, with 428 homes being reconnected to the power grid by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Powergrid" title="Northern Powergrid">Northern Powergrid</a> later that day; the remaining 190 had their power restored on 5 December.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, over 2,000 homes were left without power in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> as a result of Storm Desmond, mainly along the country's Atlantic west coast.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding led to at least 700 homes in parts of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> being left without power, with power faults being reported in <a href="/wiki/Corwen" title="Corwen">Corwen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bala,_Gwynedd" title="Bala, Gwynedd">Bala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Trefriw" title="Trefriw">Trefriw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Llanrwst" title="Llanrwst">Llanrwst</a> in <a href="/wiki/Conwy_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Conwy county">Conwy county</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 5 December, the city of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire" title="Lancaster, Lancashire">Lancaster</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> saw 61,000 houses lose power when its electrical substation was submerged in flood water, alongside the city's bus station and local supermarket. Houses in the surrounding towns of <a href="/wiki/Morecambe" title="Morecambe">Morecambe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heysham" title="Heysham">Heysham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnforth" title="Carnforth">Carnforth</a> also lost power and two nearby Universities, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster University</a> and the Lancashire Campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">University of Cumbria</a>, were forced to evacuate students, cancel teaching and postpone deadlines. Mobile generators had restored electricity to most homes by 7 December when unforeseen damage caused up to 42,000 to lose power again, resulting in many being left without electricity for three consecutive nights.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pooley_Bridge,_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg/220px-Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg/330px-Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg/440px-Pooley_Bridge%2C_Barton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_279442.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pooley_Bridge_(structure)" title="Pooley Bridge (structure)">Pooley Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pooley_Bridge" title="Pooley Bridge">Pooley Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> washed away on 6 December. The bridge had stood since 1764.</figcaption></figure> <p>There was major disruption to rail services in the north of England and in Scotland on 5 and 6 December, affecting services operated by <a href="/wiki/Abellio_ScotRail" title="Abellio ScotRail">Abellio ScotRail</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_TransPennine_Express" title="First TransPennine Express">First TransPennine Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rail" title="Northern Rail">Northern Rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_West_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Trains West Coast">Virgin Trains West Coast</a>, as well as the <i><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Sleeper" title="Caledonian Sleeper">Caledonian Sleeper</a></i>. As a result of flooding and landslides along the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> (WCML) between <a href="/wiki/Preston_railway_station" title="Preston railway station">Preston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_station" title="Carlisle railway station">Carlisle</a>, all services between northern England and Scotland via the WCML were suspended on 6 December, with passengers advised not to travel. </p><p>As a result of this, the <i>Caledonian Sleeper</i> overnight service was forced to divert via the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a> to avoid the WCML closure, while First TransPennine Express and Virgin Trains services were suspended entirely north of Preston. Abellio ScotRail suspended services between Carlisle and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_railway_station" title="Glasgow Central railway station">Glasgow Central</a>. In addition, Northern Rail suspended all of their services north of Preston as well as services between Carlisle and <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness_railway_station" title="Barrow-in-Furness railway station">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexham_railway_station" title="Hexham railway station">Hexham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_railway_station" title="Lancaster railway station">Lancaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skipton_railway_station" title="Skipton railway station">Skipton</a> as a result of high winds, severe flooding and landslides across the north-west of England. The ongoing weather situation resulted in <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> declaring 'major disruption' across the north of England.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arriva_Trains_Wales" title="Arriva Trains Wales">Arriva Trains Wales</a> services between <a href="/wiki/Bangor_railway_station_(Wales)" title="Bangor railway station (Wales)">Bangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holyhead_railway_station" title="Holyhead railway station">Holyhead</a> were suspended due to flooding, while services into and out of <a href="/wiki/Chester_railway_station" title="Chester railway station">Chester</a> were suspended due to high winds creating debris on the railway line, including a bus shelter, which was struck by a train prior to service being suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dozens of domestic, UK and international flights were cancelled at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin Airport</a> on 5 December due to high winds, severely affecting carriers such as <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong <a href="/wiki/Crosswind" title="Crosswind">crosswinds</a> caused difficult conditions for landing aircraft at many airports, including <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although many UK airports escaped significant disruption regardless. A 200-year-old bridge in the Isle of Man collapsed amid severe flooding<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of Scottish football fixtures scheduled for 5 December were postponed as a result of Desmond.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Premiership" title="Scottish Premiership">Scottish Premiership</a>, three fixtures were postponed: the match between <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Academical_F.C." title="Hamilton Academical F.C.">Hamilton Academical</a> and the match between <a href="/wiki/Partick_Thistle_F.C." title="Partick Thistle F.C.">Partick Thistle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motherwell_F.C." title="Motherwell F.C.">Motherwell</a> were both postponed due to waterlogged pitches following heavy rainfall, while the match between <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Midlothian_F.C." title="Heart of Midlothian F.C.">Hearts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Caledonian_Thistle_F.C." title="Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.">Inverness Caledonian Thistle</a> was postponed due to high winds. In addition, two <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Championship" title="Scottish Championship">Scottish Championship</a> fixtures, one <a href="/wiki/Scottish_League_One" title="Scottish League One">Scottish League One</a> fixture and two <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Cup" title="Scottish Cup">Scottish Cup</a> fixtures were also postponed on 5 December.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Desmond also impacted English football; in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(division)" title="National League (division)">National League</a>, the fixture between <a href="/wiki/Barrow_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow F.C.">Barrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boreham_Wood_F.C." title="Boreham Wood F.C.">Boreham Wood</a> was postponed on 5 December,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk1_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League Two">Football League Two</a> side <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_United_F.C." title="Carlisle United F.C.">Carlisle United</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brunton_Park" title="Brunton Park">Brunton Park</a> stadium was flooded with several feet of water on 6 December.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carlisle United played home fixtures in December and January at grounds in <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackburn" title="Blackburn">Blackburn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scottish rugby, the <a href="/wiki/Pro14" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro14">Pro12</a> fixture between <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Warriors" title="Glasgow Warriors">Glasgow Warriors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leinster_Rugby" title="Leinster Rugby">Leinster</a> was postponed due to a waterlogged pitch on 5 December.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk1_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IRDesmond.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IRDesmond.PNG/220px-IRDesmond.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IRDesmond.PNG/330px-IRDesmond.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IRDesmond.PNG/440px-IRDesmond.PNG 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>IR Satellite image of low Desmond centred close to Iceland</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_flooding">Subsequent flooding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subsequent flooding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The village of <a href="/wiki/Glenridding" title="Glenridding">Glenridding</a> flooded for a second time on 9 December.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widespread flooding was expected after heavy rains on <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Storm_Eva" title="Storm Eva">Storm Eva</a>, with the Met Office issuing a red warning for parts of Cumbria, Lancashire and surrounding areas </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Expensive flood defence systems were proven ineffective and in some cases appeared to increase the problem. Professor Dieter Helm, Chair of the UK government's Natural Capital Committee stated in January 2016: "Flooding crises tend to follow an established pattern. First, there is immediate help and assistance. Then second, there is a “review”. On occasions, this leads to a third stage of genuine reform, but in most cases “sticking plasters” are applied. These are incremental and often sensible, but typically fail to address the core issues and hence provide only a temporary respite. There are very good reasons why ”sticking plasters” will not work this time. The conventional approach to flood defence, carried out by the Environment Agency (EA), and financed largely by the Treasury, is at best inefficient. Sometimes it is even counterproductive, encouraging the sorts of land use and land management decisions that can actually make flooding worse in the medium term."<sup id="cite_ref-dieterhelm.co.uk_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dieterhelm.co.uk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chairman of the UK's Environment Agency, the body responsible for main river maintenance resigned in early 2016. The UK government House of Commons Select Committee for the environment challenged the Chief Executive Officer of the Environment Agency on its performance by stating: “You [Sir James Bevan, CEO] said "The capacity of a river doesn't matter!" You've got to be certain the leopard has changed its spots. And I will keep repeating this. You haven't really given us an answer as to whether you have monitored the situation. I'm fearful. You allowed the River Parrett [Somerset] to silt up, you allowed the Tone to silt up, you allowed the tributaries to silt up, and then it flooded.” The Committee added: “The EA don't provide [quotes for work] when doing projects so we can't compare like with like [with other project providers]. There is an argument for transparency on your spending... You say the right words and hold onto your power."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_scale" title="Beaufort scale">Beaufort scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Carmen" title="Cyclone Carmen">Cyclone Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" title="2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods">2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_storm_naming_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland">Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Workington_floods" title="2009 Workington floods">2009 Workington floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eva" title="Storm Eva">Storm Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Mannion" title="Teresa Mannion">Teresa Mannion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErdman2015" class="citation news cs1">Erdman, Jon (6 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/news/news/storm-desmond-uk-ireland-scotland-december-2015">"Storm Desmond Lashes U.K., Ireland With Flooding, Winds Over 100 MPH; Taps Caribbean Moisture"</a>. Weather.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lancashire+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Evidence+suggests+climate+change+played+a+part+in+Cumbria+floods+-+Met+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lep.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fevidence-suggests-climate-change-played-a-part-in-cumbria-floods-met-office-1-7610184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm+Desmond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151206082557/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/service_disruptions/115435.aspx">"National Rail Enquiries - Service Alteration Details"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Football+League%3A+Five+things+you+may+have+missed&rft.date=2015-12-20&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2F0%2Ffootball%2F35143179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm+Desmond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2015" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Ben (10 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/09/glenridding-defences-fail-as-flood-waters-rise-in-isolated-cumbria-town">"Cumbrian village deals with more devastation as river bursts banks again"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cumbrian+village+deals+with+more+devastation+as+river+bursts+banks+again&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Fdec%2F09%2Fglenridding-defences-fail-as-flood-waters-rise-in-isolated-cumbria-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm+Desmond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Defra (2016) Enquiry session held on 13 April 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.parliamentlive.tv/…/6c734492-">http://www.parliamentlive.tv/…/6c734492-</a> 077e-441f-8417-aa0e…</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/storm-desmond-hits-north-east-10553359">Updates</a> at ChronicleLive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/getdailymap/docId/1415">EU Emergency Response Coordination Centre daily map 7 December 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154519/http://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/getdailymap/docId/1415">Archived</a> 22 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_windstorm_seasons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:European_windstorm_seasons" title="Template:European windstorm seasons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_windstorm_seasons" title="Template talk:European windstorm seasons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_windstorm_seasons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European windstorm seasons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_windstorm_seasons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European windstorm seasons</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK and Ireland windstorm seasons (2015–2017)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2016–17 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2016–17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European windstorm seasons (2017–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_European_windstorm_season" title="2017–18 European windstorm season">2017–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_European_windstorm_season" title="2018–19 European windstorm season">2018–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_European_windstorm_season" title="2019–20 European windstorm season">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_European_windstorm_season" title="2020–21 European windstorm season">2020–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_European_windstorm_season" title="2021–22 European windstorm season">2021–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_European_windstorm_season" title="2022–23 European windstorm season">2022–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_European_windstorm_season" title="2023–24 European windstorm season">2023–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_European_windstorm_season" title="2024–25 European windstorm season">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable storms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Abigail" title="Storm Abigail">Abigail (Frank) 2015</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Desmond (Ted) 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eva" title="Storm Eva">Eva (Chuck/Staffan) 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xavier_(2017)" title="Cyclone Xavier (2017)">Xavier 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2017)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2017)">Ophelia 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Herwart" title="Cyclone Herwart">Herwart/Ingolf 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eleanor_(2018)" title="Storm Eleanor (2018)">Eleanor (Burglind) 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_David" title="Storm David">David (Friederike) 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Emma_(2018)" title="Storm Emma (2018)">Emma (Ulrike) 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Leslie_(2018)" title="Hurricane Leslie (2018)">Leslie 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lorenzo_(2019)" title="Hurricane Lorenzo (2019)">Lorenzo 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Gloria" title="Storm Gloria">Gloria (Ilka) 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciara" title="Storm Ciara">Ciara (Sabine) 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Dennis" title="Storm Dennis">Dennis (Victoria) 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Alex" title="Storm Alex">Alex (Brigitte) 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Filomena" title="Storm Filomena">Filomena (Bartosz) 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Athina" title="Storm Athina">Athina (Christian) 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Aurore" title="Storm Aurore">Aurore (Hendrik) 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ballos" title="Storm Ballos">Ballos 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Blas" title="Storm Blas">Blas 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Arwen" title="Storm Arwen">Arwen (Andreas) 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Barra" title="Storm Barra">Barra (Harry) 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Elpis" title="Storm Elpis">Elpis 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Malik" title="Storm Malik">Malik (Nadia/Valtteri) 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Dudley" title="Storm Dudley">Dudley 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eunice" title="Storm Eunice">Eunice (Zeynep/Nora) 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Larisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm Larisa">Larisa 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Babet" title="Storm Babet">Babet (Viktor) 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciar%C3%A1n" title="Storm Ciarán">Ciarán (Emir) 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Darragh" title="Storm Darragh">Darragh (Xaveria) 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weather_events_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weather_events_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Weather events in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weather_events_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Weather events in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weather_events_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weather events in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weather_events_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Weather events in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate of the United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drought in the United Kingdom">Drought in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_weather_records" title="United Kingdom weather records">United Kingdom weather records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_avalanche" title="Lewes avalanche">Lewes 1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Buachaille_Etive_M%C3%B2r_avalanche" title="2009 Buachaille Etive Mòr avalanche">Buachaille Etive Mòr 2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">Cold snaps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Frost_of_1683%E2%80%9384" title="Great Frost of 1683–84">1683–84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Frost_of_1709" title="Great Frost of 1709">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1894%E2%80%9395_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Winter of 1894–95 in the United Kingdom">1894–95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1946%E2%80%9347_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom">1946–47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1962%E2%80%931963_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Winter of 1962–1963 in the United Kingdom">1962–63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382_United_Kingdom_cold_wave" title="1981–82 United Kingdom cold wave">1981–82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1985%E2%80%9386_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Winter of 1985–86 in Great Britain and Ireland">1985–86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland_cold_wave" title="1987 United Kingdom and Ireland cold wave">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1990%E2%80%9391_in_Western_Europe" title="Winter of 1990–91 in Western Europe">1990–91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2008_United_Kingdom_cold_wave" title="October 2008 United Kingdom cold wave">October 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_2009%E2%80%9310_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland">2009–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_2010%E2%80%9311_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter of 2010–11 in Great Britain and Ireland">2010–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_2012_European_cold_wave" title="Early 2012 European cold wave">February 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_2013_United_Kingdom_cold_spell" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring 2013 United Kingdom cold spell">Spring 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_British_Isles_cold_wave" title="2018 British Isles cold wave">February–March 2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snow events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_of_January_1881" title="Blizzard of January 1881">January 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1891" title="Great Blizzard of 1891">March 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1981_United_Kingdom_snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1981 United Kingdom snowfall">April 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1995_United_Kingdom_snowfall" title="January 1995 United Kingdom snowfall">January 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_British_Isles_snowfall" title="February 2009 British Isles snowfall">February 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2013_United_Kingdom_winter_storm" title="March 2013 United Kingdom winter storm">March 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Emma_(2018)" title="Storm Emma (2018)">March 2018 (<i>Emma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Larisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm Larisa">March 2023 (<i>Larisa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">Flash floods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louth_flood_of_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Louth flood of 1920">Louth 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood" title="Lynmouth Flood">Lynmouth 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chew_Stoke_flood_of_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Chew Stoke flood of 1968">Chew Stoke 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Glasgow_floods" title="2002 Glasgow floods">Glasgow 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Boscastle_flood" title="2004 Boscastle flood">Boscastle 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Morpeth_flood" title="2008 Morpeth flood">Morpeth 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yorkshire_Dales_floods" title="2019 Yorkshire Dales floods">Yorkshire Dales 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_European_floods" title="2021 European floods">London 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#United_Kingdom" title="List of floods">Floods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1607_Bristol_Channel_floods" title="1607 Bristol Channel floods">Bristol Channel 1607</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1683_Trent_flood" title="1683 Trent flood">Trent 1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmfirth_floods" title="Holmfirth floods">Holmfirth 1738, 1777, 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1771" title="Great Flood of 1771">North East England 1771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muckle_Spate" title="Muckle Spate">Strathspey 1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Thames_flood" title="1928 Thames flood">Thames 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Thames_flood" title="1947 Thames flood">Thames 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1968" title="Great Flood of 1968">South England 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autumn_2000_Western_Europe_floods" title="Autumn 2000 Western Europe floods">Autumn 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2007 United Kingdom floods">Summer 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Irish_flash_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Irish flash floods">August 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" title="2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods">November–December 2009</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Workington_floods" title="2009 Workington floods">Workington 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" title="2012 Great Britain and Ireland floods">2012–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_United_Kingdom_winter_floods" title="2013–14 United Kingdom winter floods">Winter 2013–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_flooding_of_2013%E2%80%9314_on_the_Somerset_Levels" title="Winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels 2013–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_floods" title="2015–16 Great Britain and Ireland floods">Winter 2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2016 United Kingdom floods">June 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2019–20 United Kingdom floods">Winter 2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yorkshire_Dales_floods" title="2019 Yorkshire Dales floods">Yorkshire Dales 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2022 United Kingdom floods">Summer 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2023 United Kingdom floods">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_floods" title="2024 United Kingdom floods">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Storm_tides_of_the_North_Sea" title="Storm tides of the North Sea">Storm surges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_England_flood_of_February_1287" title="South England flood of February 1287">South England 1287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lucia%27s_flood" title="St. Lucia's flood">North Sea 1287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Thames_flood" title="1928 Thames flood">Thames 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953" title="North Sea flood of 1953">North Sea 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_of_January_1976" title="Gale of January 1976">North Sea 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_North_Sea_storm_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 North Sea storm surge">North Sea 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_2007" title="North Sea flood of 2007">North Sea 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xaver" title="Cyclone Xaver">North Sea and Irish Sea 2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">Thunderstorms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Thunderstorm" title="The Great Thunderstorm">Widecombe-in-the-Moor 1638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1968_United_Kingdom_thunderstorms" title="July 1968 United Kingdom thunderstorms">July 1968</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornadoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_tornado_of_1091" title="London tornado of 1091">London 1091</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Malvern_tornado_of_1761" title="Great Malvern tornado of 1761">Great Malvern 1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_United_Kingdom_tornado_outbreak" title="1913 United Kingdom tornado outbreak">October 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_tornado_outbreak" title="1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak">November 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Birmingham_tornado" title="2005 Birmingham tornado">Birmingham 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_London_tornado" title="2006 London tornado">London 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_European_tornado_outbreak" title="October 2022 European tornado outbreak">October 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_windstorm" title="European windstorm">Windstorms</a> and<br />former <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1703">December 1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1824" title="Great Storm of 1824">November 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Big_Wind" title="Night of the Big Wind">January 1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_Firth_fishing_disaster#The_storm_and_its_aftermath" title="Moray Firth fishing disaster">August 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter_Storm" title="Royal Charter Storm">October 1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gale_of_1871" title="Great Gale of 1871">February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Bridge_disaster#The_disaster" title="Tay Bridge disaster">December 1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyemouth_disaster" title="Eyemouth disaster">October 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ulysses" title="Storm Ulysses">February 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Debbie_(1961)" title="Hurricane Debbie (1961)">September 1961 (<i>Debbie</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sheffield_Gale" title="Great Sheffield Gale">February 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Scotland_storm" title="1968 Scotland storm">January 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_of_January_1976" title="Gale of January 1976">January 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley_(1986)" title="Hurricane Charley (1986)">August 1986 (<i>Charley</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_storm_of_1987" title="Great storm of 1987">October 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burns%27_Day_Storm" title="Burns' Day Storm">January 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili_(1996)" title="Hurricane Lili (1996)">October 1996 (<i>Lili</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day_Storm_of_1998" title="Boxing Day Storm of 1998">December 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Kyrill" title="Cyclone Kyrill">January 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katia_(2011)" title="Hurricane Katia (2011)">September 2011 (<i>Katia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bawbag" title="Hurricane Bawbag">December 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Ulli" title="Cyclone Ulli">January 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Jude_storm" title="St. Jude storm">October 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xaver" title="Cyclone Xaver">December 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Dirk" title="Cyclone Dirk">Christmas 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclones_Anne_and_Christina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclones Anne and Christina">January 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Tini" title="Cyclone Tini">February 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gonzalo" title="Hurricane Gonzalo">October 2014 (<i>Gonzalo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Abigail" title="Storm Abigail">November 2015 (<i>Abigail</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">December 2015 (<i>Desmond</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eva" title="Storm Eva">December 2015 (<i>Eva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2017)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2017)">October 2017 (<i>Ophelia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Burglind" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclone Burglind">January 2018 (<i>Eleanor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lorenzo_(2019)" title="Hurricane Lorenzo (2019)">October 2019 (<i>Lorenzo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciara" title="Storm Ciara">February 2020 (<i>Ciara</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Dennis" title="Storm Dennis">February 2020 (<i>Dennis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Alex" title="Storm Alex">September 2020 (<i>Alex</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Barra" title="Storm Barra">December 2021 (<i>Barra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eunice" title="Storm Eunice">February 2022 (<i>Eunice</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Babet" title="Storm Babet">October 2023 (<i>Babet</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciar%C3%A1n" title="Storm Ciarán">November 2023 (<i>Ciarán</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Darragh" title="Storm Darragh">December 2024 (<i>Darragh</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Windstorm seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season" title="2016–17 UK and Ireland windstorm season">2016–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_European_windstorm_season" title="2017–18 European windstorm season">2017–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_European_windstorm_season" title="2018–19 European windstorm season">2018–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_European_windstorm_season" title="2019–20 European windstorm season">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_European_windstorm_season" title="2020–21 European windstorm season">2020–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_European_windstorm_season" title="2021–22 European windstorm season">2021–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_European_windstorm_season" title="2022–23 European windstorm season">2022–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_European_windstorm_season" title="2023–24 European windstorm season">2023–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_European_windstorm_season" title="2024–25 European windstorm season">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heatwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Heatwave">Heatwaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">Droughts</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1757_heatwave" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1757 heatwave">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_Kingdom_heatwave" title="1808 United Kingdom heatwave">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_British_Isles_heatwave" title="1906 British Isles heatwave">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_United_Kingdom_heatwave" title="1911 United Kingdom heatwave">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_heatwave" title="1955 United Kingdom heatwave">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_British_Isles_heatwave" title="1976 British Isles heatwave">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_heatwave" title="1990 United Kingdom heatwave">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_British_Isles_heatwave" title="1995 British Isles heatwave">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 European heat wave">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_European_heat_wave#Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 European heat wave">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_British_Isles_heatwave" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 British Isles heatwave">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_British_Isles_heatwave" title="2018 British Isles heatwave">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2019_European_heatwave#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="July 2019 European heatwave">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_British_Isles_heatwave" title="2021 British Isles heatwave">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_heatwaves" title="2022 United Kingdom heatwaves">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_wildfires" title="2018 United Kingdom wildfires">Summer 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_wildfires" title="2019 United Kingdom wildfires">February–May 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Wareham_Forest_fire" title="2020 Wareham Forest fire">Wareham 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_heatwaves#Wildfires" title="2022 United Kingdom heatwaves">April–August 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wennington_wildfire" title="Wennington wildfire">Wennington 2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannich_wildfire" title="Cannich wildfire">Cannich 2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_London" title="Great Smog of London">Great Smog 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink 1858</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Disputed <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&oldid=1261662400">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storm_Desmond&oldid=1261662400</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_meteorology" title="Category:2015 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