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searchaux" style="display:none">American strike action, March–August 1988</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1988 Writers Guild of America strike</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">March 7 – August 7, 1988<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1988-03-07</span> – <span class="dtend">1988-08-07</span>)</span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(5 months, or 153 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Lack of agreement on a new contract between <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMPTP" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPTP">AMPTP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">Picketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Agreement to end strike reached on August 7, 1988</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">Writers Guild of America, East</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_West" title="Writers Guild of America West">Writers Guild of America West</a></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/AMPTP" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPTP">AMPTP</a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_Labor_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US Labor strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_Labor_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US Labor strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labor_disputes_by_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_strikes" title="List of strikes"><span class="wrap">Labor disputes by sector</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="float:left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agricultural_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_agricultural_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US agricultural strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_agricultural_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US agricultural strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_agricultural_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US agricultural strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agricultural_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Agricultural strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thibodaux_massacre" title="Thibodaux massacre">Thibodaux sugar</a> 1887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_pickers%27_strike_of_1891" title="Cotton pickers' strike of 1891">Cotton pickers</a> 1891</li></ul> <dl><dt>1900s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_strike_of_1903" title="Oxnard strike of 1903">Oxnard</a> 1903</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Fishermen_halibut_strike_of_1912" title="Seattle Fishermen halibut strike of 1912">Seattle fishermen</a> 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabow_riot" title="Grabow riot">Grabow lumber</a> 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatland_hop_riot" title="Wheatland hop riot">Wheatland hops</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916%E2%80%931917_northern_Minnesota_lumber_strike" title="1916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strike">northern Minnesota lumber</a> 1916–1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanapepe_massacre" title="Hanapepe massacre">Hanapepe sugar</a> 1924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantaloupe_strike_of_1928" title="Cantaloupe strike of 1928">Imperial cantaloupe</a> 1928</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley_lettuce_strike_of_1930" title="Imperial Valley lettuce strike of 1930">Imperial lettuce</a> 1930</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_cannery_strike" title="Santa Clara cannery strike">Santa Clara cannery</a> 1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacaville_tree_pruners%27_strike" title="Vacaville tree pruners' strike">Vacaville tree pruners</a> 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Wisconsin_milk_strike" title="1933 Wisconsin milk strike">Wisconsin milk</a> 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Yakima_Valley_strike" title="1933 Yakima Valley strike">Yakima hops</a> 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_agricultural_strikes_of_1933" title="California agricultural strikes of 1933">California agricultural</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_cherry_strike_of_1933" title="Santa Clara cherry strike of 1933">Santa Clara cherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Monte_berry_strike_of_1933" title="El Monte berry strike of 1933">El Monte berry</a>) 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_lumber_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Northwest lumber strike">Great lumber</a> 1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton_cannery_strike_of_1937" title="Stockton cannery strike of 1937">Stockton cannery</a> 1937</li></ul> <dl><dt>1940s–present</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sugar_strike_of_1946" title="Hawaiian sugar strike of 1946">Hawaiian sugar</a> 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_fishermen%27s_strike_of_1949" title="Puget Sound fishermen's strike of 1949">Puget Sound fishermen</a> 1949</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delano_grape_strike" title="Delano grape strike">Delano grape</a> (1965–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_Bowl_strike" title="Salad Bowl strike">Salad Bowl</a> 1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985%E2%80%931987_Watsonville_Cannery_strike" title="1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike">Watsonville Cannery</a> (1985–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike" title="2021 Frito-Lay strike">Frito-Lay</a> 2021</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coal_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Coal_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Coal Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Coal_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Coal Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Coal_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Coal Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coal_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Coal_Wars" title="Coal Wars">Coal Wars</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1870s – 1900s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_miners%27_strike_of_1873" title="Coal miners' strike of 1873">Mahoning Valley strike</a> 1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morewood_massacre" title="Morewood massacre">Morewood massacre</a> 1891</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek_War" title="Coal Creek War">Coal Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal_miners%27_strike_of_1894" title="Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894">Bituminous coal strike</a> 1894</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattimer_massacre" title="Lattimer massacre">Lattimer massacre</a> 1897</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_coal_wars" title="Illinois coal wars">Illinois coal wars</a> 1898–1900 (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Virden" title="Battle of Virden">Battle of Virden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pana_riot" title="Pana riot">Pana riot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carterville_Mine_Riot" title="Carterville Mine Riot">Carterville Mine Riot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_coal_strike_of_1902" title="Anthracite coal strike of 1902">Anthracite coal strike</a> 1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_County_Strike" title="Carbon County Strike">Carbon county strike</a> 1903–04</li></ul> <dl><dt>1910s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County_coal_strike_of_1910%E2%80%931911" title="Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911">Westmoreland strike</a> 1910–11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Creek%E2%80%93Cabin_Creek_strike_of_1912" title="Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912">Paint Creek mine war</a> 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a> 1913–14 (<a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre" title="Ludlow Massacre">Ludlow Massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War#The_10-Day_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">The 10-Day War</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_coal_mine_riot" title="Hartford coal mine riot">Hartford coal mine riot</a> 1914</li></ul> <dl><dt>1920s – 1930s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_coal_wars" title="West Virginia coal wars">West Virginia coal wars</a> 1912–21 (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matewan" title="Battle of Matewan">Battle of Matewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain" title="Battle of Blair Mountain">Battle of Blair Mountain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">Alabama miners' strike</a> 1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMW_General_coal_strike_(1922)" title="UMW General coal strike (1922)">UMW General Coal Strike</a> 1922 (<a href="/wiki/Herrin_massacre" title="Herrin massacre">Herrin massacre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Indiana_bituminous_strike" title="1927 Indiana bituminous strike">Indiana bituminous strike</a> 1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927%E2%80%931928_Colorado_Coal_Strike" title="1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike">Colorado Coal Strike</a> 1927–28 (<a href="/wiki/Columbine_Mine_massacre" title="Columbine Mine massacre">Columbine Mine massacre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_County_War" title="Harlan County War">Harlan County War</a> 1931–1939 (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Evarts" title="Battle of Evarts">Battle of Evarts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_general_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox general strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_general_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox general strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_general_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox general strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike"><span class="wrap">General strikes</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1835_Philadelphia_general_strike" title="1835 Philadelphia general strike">Philadelphia</a> 1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_Catalan_general_strike" title="1855 Catalan general strike">Catalan</a> 1855</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton_general_strike" title="Scranton general strike">Scranton</a> 1877</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">First May Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair#May_Day_parade_and_strikes" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket Affair</a>) 1886</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_New_Orleans_general_strike" title="1892 New Orleans general strike">New Orleans</a> 1892</li></ul> <dl><dt>1900s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1909_Swedish_general_strike" title="1909 Swedish general strike">Sweden</a> 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_general_strike_(1910)" title="Philadelphia general strike (1910)">Philadelphia</a> 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Vancouver_general_strike" title="1918 Vancouver general strike">Vancouver</a> 1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_general_strike" title="Winnipeg general strike">Winnipeg</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapp_Putsch#General_Strike_against_the_Coup" title="Kapp Putsch">Germany</a> 1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike" title="1934 West Coast waterfront strike">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934" title="Minneapolis general strike of 1934">Minneapolis</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Oakland_general_strike" title="1946 Oakland general strike">Oakland</a> 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Austrian_general_strikes" title="1950 Austrian general strikes">Austria</a> 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Action_campaign" title="Positive Action campaign">Ghana</a> 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_general_strike_of_1956" title="Finnish general strike of 1956">Finland</a> 1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Paraguayan_general_strike" title="1958 Paraguayan general strike">Paraguay</a> 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_Namibian_contract_workers_strike" title="1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike">Namibia</a> 1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_general_strike" title="1973 Uruguayan general strike">Uruguay</a> 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Spanish_general_strike" title="1988 Spanish general strike">Spain</a> 1988</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1992_Nepalese_general_strike" title="April 1992 Nepalese general strike">Nepal</a> 1992</li></ul> <dl><dt>2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Guinean_general_strike" title="2007 Guinean general strike">Guinea</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Egyptian_general_strike" title="2008 Egyptian general strike">Egypt</a> 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_French_Caribbean_general_strikes" title="2009 French Caribbean general strikes">French Caribbean</a> 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Spanish_general_strike" title="2010 Spanish general strike">Spain</a> 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_European_general_strike" title="2012 European general strike">European</a> 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_general_strike" title="2016 Indian general strike">India</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brazilian_general_strike" title="2017 Brazilian general strike">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_general_strike" title="2017 Catalan general strike">Catalan</a> 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Catalan_general_strike" title="2019 Catalan general strike">Catalan</a> 2019</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="US_manufacturing_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_manufacturing_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US manufacturing strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_manufacturing_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US manufacturing strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_manufacturing_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US manufacturing strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="US_manufacturing_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">US manufacturing strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_makers%27_strike_of_1877" title="Cigar makers' strike of 1877">Cigars</a> 1877</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_El_Paso_smelters%27_strike" title="1913 El Paso smelters' strike">El Paso smelters</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Studebaker_strike" title="1913 Studebaker strike">Studebaker</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_refinery_strikes_of_1915%E2%80%931916" title="Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916">Standard Oil</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_cigar_makers%27_strike_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston cigar makers' strike of 1919">Boston cigars</a> 1919</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ybor_City_cigar_makers%27_strike_of_1931" title="Ybor City cigar makers' strike of 1931">Tampa cigars</a> 1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Lite_strike_(1934)" title="Auto-Lite strike (1934)">Auto-Lite</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohler_strikes" title="Kohler strikes">Kohler</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_sit-down_strike" title="Flint sit-down strike">Flint sit-down</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Akron_rubber_strike" title="1936 Akron rubber strike">Akron rubber</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Rand_strike_of_1936%E2%80%931937" title="Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937">Remington</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Overpass" title="Battle of the Overpass">Ford</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Auto_Strike" title="Chrysler Auto Strike">Chrysler Auto</a> 1939</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939" title="Tool and die strike of 1939">General Motors</a> 1939</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%931946_General_Motors_strike" title="1945–1946 General Motors strike">General Motors</a> 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Boeing_strike" title="1948 Boeing strike">Boeing</a> 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohler_strikes" title="Kohler strikes">Kohler</a> 1954</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_strike_of_1979%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester strike of 1979–1980">International Harvester</a> 1979</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Pacific_Coast_Metal_Trades_Union_strike" title="1983 Pacific Coast Metal Trades Union strike">Todd Shipyards</a> 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931988_International_Paper_strike" title="1987–1988 International Paper strike">International Paper</a> 1987-1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_John_Deere_strike" title="1986–1987 John Deere strike">John Deere</a> 1986–1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">General Motors</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Boeing_machinists_strike" title="2008 Boeing machinists strike">Boeing</a> 2008</li></ul> <dl><dt>2010s–2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Steel_Workers_Oil_Refinery_strike" title="2015 United Steel Workers Oil Refinery strike">Oil refineries</a> 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kohler_strike" title="2015 Kohler strike">Kohler</a> 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jim_Beam_strike" title="2016 Jim Beam strike">Jim Beam</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike" title="2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike">Bath shipbuilders</a> 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike" title="2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike">St. Paul Park refinery</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike" title="2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike">Volvo Trucks</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike" title="2021 Frito-Lay strike">Frito-Lay</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nabisco_strike" title="2021 Nabisco strike">Nabisco</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike" title="2021 Heaven Hill strike">Heaven Hill</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike" title="2021 Kellogg's strike">Kellogg's</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike" title="2021 John Deere strike">John Deere</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">United Auto Workers</a> 2023</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metal_mining_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_Metal_mining_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US Metal mining strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_Metal_mining_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US Metal mining strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_Metal_mining_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US Metal mining strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metal_mining_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Metal mining strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1865_Upper_Peninsula_miners%27_strike" title="1865 Upper Peninsula miners' strike">Upper Peninsula</a> 1865</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1892_Coeur_d%27Alene_labor_strike" title="1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike">Coeur d'Alene</a> 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek_miners%27_strike_of_1894" title="Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894">Cripple Creek</a> 1894</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadville_miners%27_strike" title="Leadville miners' strike">Leadville</a> 1896–97</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Coeur_d%27Alene_labor_confrontation" title="1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation">Coeur d'Alene</a> 1899</li></ul> <dl><dt>1900s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Labor_Wars" title="Colorado Labor Wars">Colorado Labor Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Idaho_Springs_miners%27_strike_of_1903" title="Idaho Springs miners' strike of 1903">Idaho Springs</a>) 1903–04</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cananea_strike" title="Cananea strike"> Cananea</a> 1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfield,_Nevada,_labor_troubles_of_1906%E2%80%931907" title="Goldfield, Nevada, labor troubles of 1906–1907">Goldfield</a> 1906–07</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Country_strike_of_1913%E2%80%931914" title="Copper Country strike of 1913–1914">Copper Country</a> 1913–14</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_Deportation" title="Bisbee Deportation">Bisbee</a> 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Road_massacre" title="Anaconda Road massacre">Anaconda Road</a> 1920</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Zinc_strike" title="Empire Zinc strike">Empire Zinc</a> 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murdochville_strike" title="Murdochville strike">Murdochville</a> 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Inco_strike" title="1978 Inco strike">Inco</a> 1978</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transport_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_transport_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox transport strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_transport_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox transport strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_transport_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox transport strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transport_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Transport strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1877" title="Great Railroad Strike of 1877">Great Railroad Strike</a> 1877</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Dump_strike" title="Camp Dump strike">Camp Dump</a> 1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southwest_railroad_strike_of_1886" title="Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886">Great Southwest</a> 1886</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_railroad_strike_of_1888" title="Burlington railroad strike of 1888">Burlington</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_switchmen%27s_strike" title="Buffalo switchmen's strike">Buffalo switchmen</a> 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_New_Orleans_general_strike" title="1892 New Orleans general strike">New Orleans waterfront</a> 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_Strike" title="Pullman Strike">Pullman Strike</a> 1894</li></ul> <dl><dt>1900s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1905_Chicago_teamsters%27_strike" title="1905 Chicago teamsters' strike">Chicago teamsters</a> 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_dock_workers_and_unionization#The_1907_General_Levee_Strike" title="New Orleans dock workers and unionization">New Orleans Levee</a> 1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_shopmen%27s_strike_of_1911" title="Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911">Illinois Central shopmen</a> 1911</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_West_Coast_waterfront_strike" title="1916 West Coast waterfront strike"> West Coast waterfront</a> 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_New_York_City_Harbor_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1919 New York City Harbor Strike">NYC Harbor Strike</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle waterfront</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Waterfront_strike,_1922" title="Portland Waterfront strike, 1922">Portland waterfront</a> 1922</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1922" title="Great Railroad Strike of 1922">Railway shopmen</a> 1922</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike" title="1934 West Coast waterfront strike">West Coast waterfront</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934" title="Minneapolis general strike of 1934">Minneapolis teamsters</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_New_York_City_truckers_strike" title="1938 New York City truckers strike">NYC teamsters truckers</a> 1938</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ballantyne_Pier" title="Battle of Ballantyne Pier">Vancouver waterfront</a> 1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Gulf_Coast_maritime_workers%27_strike" title="1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike">Gulf Coast maritime</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_tugboat_strike_of_1946" title="New York City tugboat strike of 1946">NYC tugboat</a> 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._postal_strike_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. postal strike of 1970">USPS</a> 1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_ILWU_strike" title="1971 ILWU strike">Longshoremen</a> 1971</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Air_Traffic_Controllers_Organization_(1968)#August_1981_strike" title="Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968)">Patco (air traffic controllers)</a> 1981</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_SEPTA_Regional_Rail_strike" title="1983 SEPTA Regional Rail strike">SEPTA Regional Rail</a> 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Pan_Am_strike" title="1985 Pan Am strike">Pan Am</a> 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Parcel_Service_strike" title="1997 United Parcel Service strike">UPS</a> 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Port_of_Montreal_strike" title="2020 Port of Montreal strike">Montreal longshoremen</a> 2020</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sanitation_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_sanitation_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US sanitation strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_sanitation_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US sanitation strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_sanitation_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US sanitation strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sanitation_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Sanitation strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_sanitation_strike_of_1968" title="St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968">St. Petersburg</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_sanitation_strike" title="Charleston sanitation strike">Charleston</a> 1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Atlanta_sanitation_strike" title="1977 Atlanta sanitation strike">Atlanta</a> 1977</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Atlanta_sanitation_strike" title="2018 Atlanta sanitation strike">Atlanta</a> 2018</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Service_strikesin_the_United_States" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Service_strikesin_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Service strikes<br />in the United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsboys%27_strike_of_1899" title="Newsboys' strike of 1899">Newsboys</a> 1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_New_York_City_waiters%27_strike" title="1912 New York City waiters' strike">NYC waiters</a> 1912</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Actors%27_Equity_Association_strike" title="1919 Actors' Equity Association strike">Actors</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_police_strike" title="Boston police strike">Boston police</a> 1919</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Seattle_Post-Intelligencer_strike" title="1936 Seattle Post-Intelligencer strike">Seattle Post</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Fleischer_Studios_strike" title="1937 Fleischer Studios strike">Fleischer Studios</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_New_York_City_department_store_strikes" title="1937 New York City department store strikes">NYC retail</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike" title="Disney animators' strike">Disney animators</a> 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942%E2%80%931944_musicians%27_strike" title="1942–1944 musicians' strike">Musicians</a> 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Black_Friday" title="Hollywood Black Friday">Hollywood</a> 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Convention_Center_labor_dispute_of_1963" title="Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute of 1963">Cleveland convention</a> 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_University_strike_of_1966%E2%80%931967" title="St. John's University strike of 1966–1967">St. John's</a> 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_sanitation_strike_of_1968" title="St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968">St. Petersburg sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_New_York_City_teachers%27_strike" title="1968 New York City teachers' strike">NYC teachers</a> 1968</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_Baltimore_municipal_strike" title="1974 Baltimore municipal strike">Baltimore municipal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_police_strike" title="Baltimore police strike">police</a>) 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Atlanta_sanitation_strike" title="1977 Atlanta sanitation strike">Atlanta sanitation</a> 1977</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1981 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1981</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Writers Guild</a> 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_newspaper_strike_of_1994" title="San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994">SF newspaper</a> 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_newspaper_strike_of_1995%E2%80%931997" title="Detroit newspaper strike of 1995–1997">Detroit newspaper</a> 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2000" title="Verizon strike of 2000">Verizon</a> 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Broadway_musicians_strike" title="2003 Broadway musicians strike">Broadway musicians</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_supermarket_strike_of_2003%E2%80%932004" title="Southern California supermarket strike of 2003–2004">CA supermarkets</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami_Justice_for_Janitors_campaign" title="University of Miami Justice for Janitors campaign">UM Janitors</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minor_League_Baseball_umpire_strike" title="2006 Minor League Baseball umpire strike">Umpires</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Broadway_stagehand_strike" title="2007 Broadway stagehand strike">Stagehands</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_CBS_News_writers_strike" title="2007–2008 CBS News writers strike">CBS News</a> 2007</li></ul> <dl><dt>2010s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Wisconsin_protests" title="2011 Wisconsin protests">Wisconsin</a>) 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_$15" title="Fight for $15">Fight for $15</a> 2012–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Tacoma_nurses%27_strike" title="2014 Tacoma nurses' strike">Tacoma nurses</a> 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2016" title="Verizon strike of 2016">Verizon</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike" title="2016–2017 video game voice actor strike">Video games</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_education_workers%27_strikes_in_the_United_States" title="2018–2019 education workers' strikes in the United States">Teachers</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Arizona_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Arizona teachers' strike">AZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Colorado_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Colorado teachers' strike">CO</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District_teachers%27_strike" title="2019 Los Angeles Unified School District teachers' strike">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Carolina_teachers%27_walkout" title="2018 North Carolina teachers' walkout">NC</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Oklahoma_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Oklahoma teachers' strike">OK</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_West_Virginia_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 West Virginia teachers' strike">WV</a>) 2018–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Marriott_Hotels_strike" title="2018 Marriott Hotels strike">Hotels</a> 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Stop_%26_Shop_strike" title="2019 Stop & Shop strike">Stop & Shop</a> 2019</li></ul> <dl><dt>2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Santa_Cruz_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strike">UC Santa Cruz</a> 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_University_of_California_academic_workers%27_strike" title="2022 University of California academic workers' strike">University of California</a> 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Medieval_Times_strike" title="2023 Medieval Times strike">Medieval Times</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">SAG-AFTRA</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SAG-AFTRA_video_game_strike" title="2024 SAG-AFTRA video game strike">Video games</a> 2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steel_strikes_in_the_US" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_steel_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US steel strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_steel_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US steel strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_steel_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US steel strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steel_strikes_in_the_US" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Steel strikes in the US</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_strike" title="Homestead strike">Homestead</a> 1892</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel_recognition_strike_of_1901" title="U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901">U.S. Steel recognition</a> 1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Car_strike_of_1909" title="Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909">Pressed Steel Car</a> 1909</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_General_Steel_Strike" title="1919 General Steel Strike">Great Steel</a> 1919</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Steel_strike" title="Little Steel strike">Little Steel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1937_Memorial_Day_massacre" title="1937 Memorial Day massacre">Memorial Day massacre</a>) 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_US_Steel_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 US Steel Strike">Nationwide</a> 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_steel_strike" title="1952 steel strike">Nationwide</a> 1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_strike_of_1959" title="Steel strike of 1959">Nationwide</a> 1959</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1986_USX_steel_strike" title="1986 USX steel strike">USX</a> 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike" title="2021 Allegheny Technologies strike">Allegheny Technologies</a> 2021</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_American_transit_strikes" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Streetcar_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox Streetcar strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Streetcar_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Streetcar strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Streetcar_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Streetcar strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_American_transit_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">North American transit strikes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Streetcar_strikes_in_the_United_States" title="Streetcar strikes in the United States">Streetcar strikes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_streetcar_strike_of_1900" title="St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900">St. Louis</a> 1900</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1892_Indianapolis_streetcar_strike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 Indianapolis streetcar strike (page does not exist)">Indianapolis</a> 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway_strike_of_1903" title="Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903">Los Angeles</a> 1903</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_San_Francisco_streetcar_strike" title="1907 San Francisco streetcar strike">San Francisco</a> 1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_streetcar_strike_of_1908" title="Pensacola streetcar strike of 1908">Pensacola</a> 1908</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Columbus_streetcar_strike" title="1910 Columbus streetcar strike">Columbus</a> 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_general_strike_(1910)" title="Philadelphia general strike (1910)">Philadelphia</a> 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_streetcar_strike_of_1913" title="Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913">Indianapolis</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Saint_John_street_railway_strike" title="1914 Saint John street railway strike">St. John</a> 1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Atlanta_streetcar_strike" title="1916 Atlanta streetcar strike">Atlanta</a> 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Portland,_Maine_streetcar_strike" title="1916 Portland, Maine streetcar strike">Portland, ME</a> 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Bloomington_Streetcar_Strike" title="1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike">Bloomington, IL</a> 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Twin_Cities_streetcar_strike" title="1917 Twin Cities streetcar strike">Twin Cities</a> 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_streetcar_strike_of_1919" title="Los Angeles streetcar strike of 1919">Los Angeles</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_New_Orleans_streetcar_strike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 New Orleans streetcar strike (page does not exist)">New Orleans</a> 1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_streetcar_strike_of_1920" title="Denver streetcar strike of 1920">Denver</a> 1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_New_Orleans_streetcar_strike" title="1929 New Orleans streetcar strike">New Orleans</a> 1929</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Century_Airlines_pilots%27_strike" title="Century Airlines pilots' strike">Century Airlines</a> 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_transit_strike_of_1944" title="Philadelphia transit strike of 1944">Philadelphia</a> 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_New_York_City_taxicab_strike" title="1949 New York City taxicab strike">New York City</a> 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Atlanta_transit_strike" title="1950 Atlanta transit strike">Atlanta</a> 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_York_City_transit_strike" title="1966 New York City transit strike">New York City</a> 1966</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Greyhound_Bus_Lines_strike_in_Seattle" title="1983 Greyhound Bus Lines strike in Seattle">Greyhound</a> 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_New_York_City_transit_strike" title="2005 New York City transit strike">New York City</a> 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Toronto_Transit_Commission_wildcat_strike" title="2006 Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strike">Toronto</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Toronto_Transit_Commission_strike" title="2008 Toronto Transit Commission strike">Toronto</a> 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lyft_and_Uber_drivers%27_strikes" title="2019 Lyft and Uber drivers' strikes">Lyft and Uber</a> 2019</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Textile_strikes_in_United_States" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_textile_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US textile strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_textile_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US textile strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_textile_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US textile strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Textile_strikes_in_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Textile strikes in United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_mill_girls#Strikes_of_1834_and_1836" title="Lowell mill girls">Mill Women</a> 1834</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Paterson_textile_strike" title="1835 Paterson textile strike">Paterson</a> 1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_mill_girls#Strikes_of_1834_and_1836" title="Lowell mill girls">Mill Women</a> 1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_New_England_Shoemakers_Strike" title="1860 New England Shoemakers Strike">New England shoe</a> 1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Adams_strike" title="North Adams strike">North Adams shoe</a> 1870</li></ul> <dl><dt>1900s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1907_Skowhegan_textile_strike" title="1907 Skowhegan textile strike">Skowhegan</a> 1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_shirtwaist_strike_of_1909" title="New York shirtwaist strike of 1909">New York shirtwaist</a> 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Chicago_garment_workers%27_strike" title="1910 Chicago garment workers' strike">Chicago garment</a> 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Lawrence_textile_strike" title="1912 Lawrence textile strike">Lawrence</a> 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912%E2%80%931913_Little_Falls_textile_strike" title="1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike">Little Falls</a> 1912–1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopedale_strike" title="Hopedale strike">Hopedale</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Paterson_silk_strike" title="1913 Paterson silk strike">Paterson silk</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ipswich_Mills_strike" title="1913 Ipswich Mills strike">Ipswich Mills</a> 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914%E2%80%931915_Fulton_Bag_and_Cotton_Mills_strike" title="1914–1915 Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike">Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills</a> 1914–1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_New_England_Textile_Strike" title="1922 New England Textile Strike">New England</a> 1922</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Passaic_textile_strike" title="1926 Passaic textile strike">Passaic</a> 1926</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_Bedford_textile_strike" title="1928 New Bedford textile strike">New Bedford</a> 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loray_Mill_strike" title="Loray Mill strike">Loray Mill</a> 1929</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Garment_Workers_strike_of_1933" title="Los Angeles Garment Workers strike of 1933">Los Angeles garment</a> 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Textile_Workers%27_Strike_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="US Textile Workers' Strike of 1934">National</a> 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Lewiston%E2%80%93Auburn_shoe_strike" title="1937 Lewiston–Auburn shoe strike">Lewiston-Auburn shoe</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Montreal_Cottons_strike" title="1946 Montreal Cottons strike">Montreal Cotton</a> 1946</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_garment_workers%27_strike" title="1982 garment workers' strike">NYC Chinatown</a> 1982</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Service_strikesin_the_United_States" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Template:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Template talk:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_US_service_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox US service strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Service_strikesin_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Service strikes<br />in the United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsboys%27_strike_of_1899" title="Newsboys' strike of 1899">Newsboys</a> 1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_New_York_City_waiters%27_strike" title="1912 New York City waiters' strike">NYC waiters</a> 1912</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Actors%27_Equity_Association_strike" title="1919 Actors' Equity Association strike">Actors</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_police_strike" title="Boston police strike">Boston police</a> 1919</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Seattle_Post-Intelligencer_strike" title="1936 Seattle Post-Intelligencer strike">Seattle Post</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Fleischer_Studios_strike" title="1937 Fleischer Studios strike">Fleischer Studios</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_New_York_City_department_store_strikes" title="1937 New York City department store strikes">NYC retail</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike" title="Disney animators' strike">Disney animators</a> 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942%E2%80%931944_musicians%27_strike" title="1942–1944 musicians' strike">Musicians</a> 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Black_Friday" title="Hollywood Black Friday">Hollywood</a> 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Convention_Center_labor_dispute_of_1963" title="Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute of 1963">Cleveland convention</a> 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_University_strike_of_1966%E2%80%931967" title="St. John's University strike of 1966–1967">St. John's</a> 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_sanitation_strike_of_1968" title="St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968">St. Petersburg sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_New_York_City_teachers%27_strike" title="1968 New York City teachers' strike">NYC teachers</a> 1968</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_Baltimore_municipal_strike" title="1974 Baltimore municipal strike">Baltimore municipal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_police_strike" title="Baltimore police strike">police</a>) 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Atlanta_sanitation_strike" title="1977 Atlanta sanitation strike">Atlanta sanitation</a> 1977</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1981 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1981</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Writers Guild</a> 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_newspaper_strike_of_1994" title="San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994">SF newspaper</a> 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_newspaper_strike_of_1995%E2%80%931997" title="Detroit newspaper strike of 1995–1997">Detroit newspaper</a> 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2000" title="Verizon strike of 2000">Verizon</a> 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Broadway_musicians_strike" title="2003 Broadway musicians strike">Broadway musicians</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_supermarket_strike_of_2003%E2%80%932004" title="Southern California supermarket strike of 2003–2004">CA supermarkets</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami_Justice_for_Janitors_campaign" title="University of Miami Justice for Janitors campaign">UM Janitors</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minor_League_Baseball_umpire_strike" title="2006 Minor League Baseball umpire strike">Umpires</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Broadway_stagehand_strike" title="2007 Broadway stagehand strike">Stagehands</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_CBS_News_writers_strike" title="2007–2008 CBS News writers strike">CBS News</a> 2007</li></ul> <dl><dt>2010s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Wisconsin_protests" title="2011 Wisconsin protests">Wisconsin</a>) 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_$15" title="Fight for $15">Fight for $15</a> 2012–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Tacoma_nurses%27_strike" title="2014 Tacoma nurses' strike">Tacoma nurses</a> 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2016" title="Verizon strike of 2016">Verizon</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike" title="2016–2017 video game voice actor strike">Video games</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_education_workers%27_strikes_in_the_United_States" title="2018–2019 education workers' strikes in the United States">Teachers</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Arizona_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Arizona teachers' strike">AZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Colorado_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Colorado teachers' strike">CO</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District_teachers%27_strike" title="2019 Los Angeles Unified School District teachers' strike">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Carolina_teachers%27_walkout" title="2018 North Carolina teachers' walkout">NC</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Oklahoma_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Oklahoma teachers' strike">OK</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_West_Virginia_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 West Virginia teachers' strike">WV</a>) 2018–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Marriott_Hotels_strike" title="2018 Marriott Hotels strike">Hotels</a> 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Stop_%26_Shop_strike" title="2019 Stop & Shop strike">Stop & Shop</a> 2019</li></ul> <dl><dt>2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Santa_Cruz_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strike">UC Santa Cruz</a> 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_University_of_California_academic_workers%27_strike" title="2022 University of California academic workers' strike">University of California</a> 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Medieval_Times_strike" title="2023 Medieval Times strike">Medieval Times</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">SAG-AFTRA</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SAG-AFTRA_video_game_strike" title="2024 SAG-AFTRA video game strike">Video games</a> 2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>1988 Writers Guild of America strike</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike action</a> taken by members of both the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">Writers Guild of America, East</a> (WGAE) and the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writers Guild of America, West</a> (WGAW) against major <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> television and film studios represented by the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Producers" title="Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers">Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers</a> (AMPTP). The strike, which ran from March 7 to August 7, 1988, affected production on movies and TV shows. At 153 days, it remains the longest strike in the history of the WGA, surpassing the <a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">1960 strike</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">2023 strike</a> by 5 days each.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formal negotiations between the writers guilds and producers began in January 1988. The main disagreements<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">Residuals</a> for hour-long shows (producers, claiming syndicated reruns of these shows were performing poorly in syndication, wanted a softened, percentage-based formula; writers wanted a residual hike)</li> <li>Expanded creative rights (the writers wanted consultation on the choice of actors and directors for some projects)</li> <li>Cost cuts in other areas (a producers' demand)</li></ul> <p>The guilds' previous deal with producers expired on February 29, 1988. One day later, 96% of guild membership authorized a strike. On March 7, 1988, one day after rejecting a softened final offer from producers, 9,000 movie and television writers went on strike.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations took place during March and April under a federal mediator but broke off before resuming on May 23, again with a federal mediator.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After intensive bargaining, producers made a "strike settlement offer" on June 16, 1988; the offer included an extended contract term (to four years) and expansion of creative rights, but still included the percentage-based residuals studios demanded and not a foreign residual increase writers demanded. The offer was turned down by the guilds' membership by a 3–1 margin.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During July 1988, the Guild devised an interim contract. Membership approved it, and more than 150 smaller producers signed it. Major studios and outlets including Fox, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_television_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Three television networks">"Big Three" television networks</a> refused projects from the independents who signed the deal, leading to the Guild filing an antitrust suit accusing 18 studios and networks of mounting an illegal boycott. Twenty-one dissident Guild members who still favored the June 16 offer filed a charge with the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> to seek invalidation of Guild rules that barred them from returning to work during a strike; some dissidents threatened to resign Guild membership and return to work if the strike was not settled by July 28.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 23, 1988, formal bargaining resumed, again under the auspices of federal mediators; by July 30, however, talks collapsed, with studios threatening to not bargain any further and to concentrate on producing work with non-union scripts. Behind-the-scenes "shuttle diplomacy" involving Guild negotiators, studio heads, and emissaries began on July 31 in an effort to revive talks. Guild officials and studio representatives met on August 2 to discuss the proposals, and on August 3 announced a tentative deal.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the new deal gave studios the sliding <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residual</a> scale they sought for hour-long reruns, writers won a modest financial gain when hour-long shows were sold internationally. The writers also gained creative rights regarding original screenplays and TV movies. The Guild board approved the deal by a 26–6 vote; Guild membership also approved the deal (2,111 in favor, 412 against), and the strike formally ended on August 7, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_the_strike">Effects of the strike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Effects of the strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1988-89_United_States_network_television_schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="1988-89 United States network television schedule">1988-89 United States network television schedule</a></div> <p>The writers' strike forced the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_television_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Three television networks">major TV networks</a> to hold off the start of their fall 1988 schedule later than usual; rather than the traditional late-September/early-October start, new and returning TV series' debuts were delayed until late October and into November (one NBC series, <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(TV_series)" title="In the Heat of the Night (TV series)">In the Heat of the Night</a></i>, and two ABC series, <i><a href="/wiki/Moonlighting_(TV_series)" title="Moonlighting (TV series)">Moonlighting</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Thirtysomething" title="Thirtysomething">Thirtysomething</a></i>, did not start their second seasons until early December). In the interim, the networks had to rely on a hodgepodge of programming, including reruns, movies, entertainment and news specials, program-length <a href="/wiki/Political_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Political advertising">political advertising</a>, and unscripted original series (e.g. CBS' <i><a href="/wiki/High_Risk_(TV_series)" title="High Risk (TV series)">High Risk</a></i>). Networks also benefited from sports programming, including <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, which relied on the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> in September and the <a href="/wiki/1988_World_Series" title="1988 World Series">World Series</a> in October, and <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, which in addition to its postseason <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_ABC" title="Major League Baseball on ABC">baseball coverage</a>, moved up the start time for the early weeks of <i><a href="/wiki/Monday_Night_Football" title="Monday Night Football">Monday Night Football</a></i> from 9 p.m. ET to 8 p.m. ET (<i><a href="/wiki/MacGyver_(1985_TV_series)" title="MacGyver (1985 TV series)">MacGyver</a></i>, which normally aired at 8 p.m., was not yet ready with new episodes). The 1988–89 television season was the first of three television seasons to have its start delayed due to issues outside of the control of the major networks; the next two instances occurred in the <a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2001–02 United States network television schedule">2001–02 season</a> (due to the networks' news coverage of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2020–21 United States network television schedule">2020–21 season</a> (due to the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">suspension of television productions</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>). </p><p>While waiting for their fall seasons to begin, the networks still had access to scripted original series. Despite refusing earlier in the summer to accept new projects from independents who settled with the Guild, TV networks gained a benefit from the Guilds' decision to offer independent contracts to producers, with the offers beginning in late May 1988. The agreements would allow producers and writers of such shows as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">The Cosby Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Different_World" title="A Different World">A Different World</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Night_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Night with David Letterman">Late Night with David Letterman</a></i> to resume work.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> actually resumed work on <i>The Tonight Show</i> before the agreement, returning with the Guild's blessing on May 11, 1988 (after <i>Tonight</i> was in reruns since the strike's start) without writers and with his own material; <a href="/wiki/David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a> would follow suit, returning to <i>Late Night</i> on June 29.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strike also led to a revival of <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(1988_TV_series)" title="Mission: Impossible (1988 TV series)">Mission: Impossible</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, in search of original content for Fall 1988, used reworked scripts from <a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(1966_TV_series)" title="Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)">the original version</a> of <i>M:I</i> and filmed them in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (where production costs at the time were lower than that in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, California">the Hollywood area</a>), making the new <i>M:I</i> one of the first American commercial network programs to be filmed there. <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> took a similar approach with its new <a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">sitcom</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Dear_John_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dear John (U.S. TV series)">Dear John</a></i>, using some reworked episodes that were from <a href="/wiki/Dear_John_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dear John (UK TV series)">the original version</a> that aired on Britain's <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> revived <i><a href="/wiki/The_Smothers_Brothers_Comedy_Hour" title="The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour">The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</a></i>, nearly 20 years after throwing <a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers" title="Smothers Brothers">the duo</a> off the air for poor taste, and gave them <i>carte blanche</i> to perform their own existing material. </p><p>Soap operas continued to air during the strike; however, without experienced script writers many suffered in quality. At first most stories were dragged out for as long as possible, then plots lurched forward that did not leave shows in the best of shape, including <i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_(TV_series)" title="Santa Barbara (TV series)">Santa Barbara</a></i>, which was already struggling in ratings as a result of Bridget and Jerome Dobson being fired. <a href="/wiki/Saturday_morning_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday morning cartoon">Saturday morning</a> programming for the 1988–1989 season was mostly unaffected, as animation writers were not part of the strike; a notable exception was CBS' live-action series <i><a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Playhouse" title="Pee-wee's Playhouse">Pee-wee's Playhouse</a></i>, which only had two new episodes and a prime-time Christmas special that season. The animation exemption also led to several animated specials being aired, including a new <i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i> miniseries (<i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_America,_Charlie_Brown" title="This Is America, Charlie Brown">This Is America, Charlie Brown</a></i>) and an adaptation of a <i><a href="/wiki/Garfield" title="Garfield">Garfield</a></i> book, <i><a href="/wiki/Garfield:_His_9_Lives" title="Garfield: His 9 Lives">Garfield: His 9 Lives</a></i>. </p><p>The strike significantly shrunk average television audiences, and had a lasting effect. </p><p>The strike did not, as some later claimed, lead to the advent of <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> (which did not rise to its current level of popularity until over a decade later), mainly due to the fact that it began in the traditional summer "offseason" when little new scripted programming was being produced anyway.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One notable exception was <i><a href="/wiki/Cops_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cops (TV series)">COPS</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox television network</a>, which was commissioned as the result of a strike and remained on Fox's Saturday night lineup until 2013 before moving to Spike, the current <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network" title="Paramount Network">Paramount Network</a>. </p><p>The cancellation of <i><a href="/wiki/Moonlighting_(TV_series)" title="Moonlighting (TV series)">Moonlighting</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was attributed in part to audience loss stemming from the shows' long hiatuses due to the writers' strike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The horror film <i><a href="/wiki/Halloween_4:_The_Return_of_Michael_Myers" title="Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers">Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers</a></i> narrowly avoided the strike. Writer <a href="/wiki/Alan_B._McElroy" title="Alan B. McElroy">Alan B. McElroy</a> had only 11 days in which to come up with the film's story and subsequently write the script. McElroy did just this and managed to turn the script in <i>just hours</i> before the strike commenced.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1988_in_film" title="1988 in film">1988</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Girls_Are_Easy" title="Earth Girls Are Easy">Earth Girls Are Easy</a></i> was filmed during this strike; co-writer <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Coffey_(writer)" title="Charlie Coffey (writer)">Charlie Coffey</a> did not appear in the movie due to being on the picket lines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 1988 horror film <i><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_Play_(1988_film)" title="Child's Play (1988 film)">Child's Play</a></i>, the first installment in the <a href="/wiki/Chucky_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chucky (franchise)"><i>Chucky</i> franchise</a>, was also filmed during the strike. As a result, the screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Don_Mancini" title="Don Mancini">Don Mancini</a> was minimally involved in the film beyond the writing and pre-production phase.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Ultimate James Bond DVD Collection, the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Licence_to_Kill" title="Licence to Kill">Licence to Kill</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dalton" title="Timothy Dalton">Timothy Dalton</a>, lost one of its co-writers, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Maibaum" title="Richard Maibaum">Richard Maibaum</a>, so his partner <a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> elected to finish the screenplay on his own.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a> turned in his script for 1989's <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a></i> just days before the writer's strike began, and was unable to write further drafts due to his involvement. Director <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> and others liked the script, but thought "something" was missing. As such he brought in <i><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a></i> co-writers <a href="/wiki/Warren_Skaaren" title="Warren Skaaren">Warren Skaaren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_McKeown" title="Charles McKeown">Charles McKeown</a> for rewrite work.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jonathan Gems did a few weeks worth of rewriting as well.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gems and McKeown were <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> as just about every single writer in America was on strike. Their draft introduced <a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Joker (comics)">the Joker</a>'s role as the killer of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Wayne">Bruce Wayne</a>'s parents, a revelation Burton wanted from the beginning. Hamm, staying true to the source material, had refused to use the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the primary reasons as to why the filmmakers brought in McKeown was that they felt he could come up with more creative jokes for The Joker.<sup id="cite_ref-creativejokes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creativejokes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1988 work stoppage laid the foundation for the next decade's "spec-script boom," as documented by Thom Taylor in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Deal:_Hollywood%27s_Million-Dollar_Spec_Script_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Big Deal: Hollywood's Million-Dollar Spec Script Market (page does not exist)">The Big Deal: Hollywood's Million-Dollar Spec Script Market</a></i> (HarperCollins, 1999). The reasons for this were primarily two-fold: (1) striking writers returned home from picket-lines to write screenplays on speculation that they would someday sell them after the strike ended; and (2) studio development pipelines had dried up, requiring buyers to often participate in bidding-wars for completed feature scripts. With regularity, literary agents were able to drive sale prices into million-dollar deals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/28px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/42px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/56px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labour">Organized labour portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hollywood_strikes" title="List of Hollywood strikes">List of Hollywood strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">1960 Writers Guild of America strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1981 Writers Guild of America strike">1981 Writers Guild of America strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">2023 Writers Guild of America strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Liu2023" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Liu (9 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/09/hollywood-strikes-have-had-3-billion-impact-on-california-economy-so-far.html">"Hollywood strikes have already had a $3 billion impact on California's economy, experts say: It's causing 'a lot of hardship'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hollywood+strikes+have+already+had+a+%243+billion+impact+on+California%27s+economy%2C+experts+say%3A+It%27s+causing+%27a+lot+of+hardship%27&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft.au=Jennifer+Liu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F08%2F09%2Fhollywood-strikes-have-had-3-billion-impact-on-california-economy-so-far.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119482950368089597">This Writers' Strike Feels Like a Rerun From 1988</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215012606/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119482950368089597">Archived</a> 2018-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, November 12, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimesTimeline-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimesTimeline_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-08-04-mn-10237-story.html">"Writers Strike Chronology,"</a> from <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 8/4/1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/07/us/strike-announced-by-writers-for-tv.html">Strike Announced By Writers For TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727131456/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/07/us/strike-announced-by-writers-for-tv.html">Archived</a> 2018-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, March 7, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/08/movies/writers-ratify-contract-ending-longest-strike.html">"Writers Ratify Contract, Ending Longest Strike"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612120342/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/08/movies/writers-ratify-contract-ending-longest-strike.html">Archived</a> 2018-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, August 8, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7078335.stm">"news.bbc.co.uk"</a>. 5 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107134033/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7078335.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F7078335.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-11-05-writers-strike-main_N.htm">"usatoday.com/life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524013637/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-11-05-writers-strike-main_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=usatoday.com%2Flife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Ftelevision%2Fnews%2F2007-11-05-writers-strike-main_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The ... '88 Writers Guild of America walkout ... didn't unleash a flood of reality, because filming on sitcoms and dramas had largely wrapped and because alternative shows had yet to become a trend." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071127/ap_en_tv/ap_on_tv_reality_strikes_5">Writers strike means reality boom times</a> Yahoo! News 27 November 2007. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2014">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Moonlighting</i> never recovered after going off the air during the 1988 strike." CLAUDIA ELLER, RICHARD VERRIER <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-fi-strikeblow28oct28,1,4636205.story?track=rss&ctrack=1&cset=true">Hollywood bracing for a writers strike</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522103807/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-fi-strikeblow28oct28,1,4636205.story?track=rss&ctrack=1&cset=true">Archived</a> 2011-05-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> 28 October 2007. Subscription required.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers</i>, DVD Feature: <i>Halloween 4 "Final Cut"</i>. Anchor Bay.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/88064/your-friend-til-end-oral-history-childs-play">"Your Friend 'Til the End: An Oral History of Child's Play"</a>. <i>mentalfloss.com</i>. 2016-10-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113031849/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/88064/your-friend-til-end-oral-history-childs-play">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mentalfloss.com&rft.atitle=Your+Friend+%27Til+the+End%3A+An+Oral+History+of+Child%27s+Play&rft.date=2016-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F88064%2Fyour-friend-til-end-oral-history-childs-play&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bondfilms0000smit/page/234"><i>Bond Films</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bondfilms0000smit/page/234">234</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0709-4"><bdi>978-0-7535-0709-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bond+Films&rft.place=London&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0709-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbondfilms0000smit%2Fpage%2F234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0358334/news/">"Sam Hamm - News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Sam+Hamm+-+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0358334%2Fnews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emusements.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Hamm.pdf">"Hamm"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>emusements.com</i>. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=emusements.com&rft.atitle=Hamm&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femusements.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FHamm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/batman-1989-writers-strike/">"One of the Best Superhero Films Was Made During a Writer's Strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a></i>. 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=One+of+the+Best+Superhero+Films+Was+Made+During+a+Writer%27s+Strike&rft.date=2023-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fbatman-1989-writers-strike%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salisbury, Burton, p.145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/tim-burtons-batman-5-behind-the-scenes-things-you-didnt-know-160000729.html">"Boy Wonder blunders and killer bats: Inside the Tim Burton 'Batman' you never saw"</a>. 21 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boy+Wonder+blunders+and+killer+bats%3A+Inside+the+Tim+Burton+%27Batman%27+you+never+saw&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftim-burtons-batman-5-behind-the-scenes-things-you-didnt-know-160000729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94705/7/Batman%20-%20screen%20adaptation%20and%20chaos.pdf">"Batman screen adaptation and chaos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>eprints.whiterose.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eprints.whiterose.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Batman+screen+adaptation+and+chaos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F94705%2F7%2FBatman%2520-%2520screen%2520adaptation%2520and%2520chaos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-creativejokes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-creativejokes_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salisbury, Burton, p.78-80</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDidion1988" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Didion" title="Joan Didion">Didion, Joan</a> (28 August 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1988/09/05/joan-didion-letter-from-los-angeles-real-estate">"Letter from Los Angeles"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Letter+from+Los+Angeles&rft.date=1988-08-28&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Didion&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1988%2F09%2F05%2Fjoan-didion-letter-from-los-angeles-real-estate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Writers+Guild+of+America+strike" class="Z3988"></span> (Later included in Didion's 1992 essay collection <i><a href="/wiki/After_Henry_(book)" title="After Henry (book)">After Henry</a></i> under the title "Los Angeles Days")</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Writers_Guild_of_America_strikes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_strikes" title="Template:Writers Guild of America strikes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Writers_Guild_of_America_strikes" title="Template talk:Writers Guild of America strikes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_strikes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Writers Guild of America strikes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Writers_Guild_of_America_strikes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> strikes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1981 Writers Guild of America strike">1981</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">2007–2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike_on_television" title="Effect of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike on television">effect on television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">2023</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_impacted_by_the_2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="List of productions impacted by the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike">productions impacted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hollywood_labor_disputes" title="2023 Hollywood labor disputes">wider conflict</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&oldid=1249256514">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike&oldid=1249256514</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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