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js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Lucy Kubiak-Martens</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122586287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122586287/Pottery_use_across_the_Neolithic_transition_in_northern_Belgium_evidence_from_isotopic_molecular_and_microscopic_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117223789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122586287/Pottery_use_across_the_Neolithic_transition_in_northern_Belgium_evidence_from_isotopic_molecular_and_microscopic_analysis">Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/DimitriTeetaert">Dimitri Teetaert</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. It examines pottery use and culinary practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, from the late 6th to the early 4th millennium cal BC. Residue analyses were performed on more than 200 samples from nine archaeological sites, representing different cultural groups from this transitional phase. This includes the analysis of charred food residues encrusted on the vessel surfaces by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), stereomicroscopic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as the analysis of absorbed lipids by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This study provides the first evidence of ruminant dairy fats in Early Neolithic Limburg pottery, supporting the hypothesis that this pottery was produced and used by LBK farmers rather than hunter-gatherer populations. The first indigenous pottery of the Swifterbant culture was frequently used to process freshwater fish (often together with plant foods) and ruminant meat, although several of the studied vessels likely contained mixtures of resources which could also include porcine products. Ruminant dairy is nearly absent from this pottery. Similar results were obtained for pottery of the subsequent Michelsberg culture/Group of Spiere of the late 5th and early 4th millennium cal BC. The limited presence of ruminant dairy fats in this pottery contrasts with the findings for Middle Neolithic pottery from neighbouring regions, providing further evidence for the existence of regional variations in pottery use or culinary practices throughout prehistoric NW Europe. However, our current view of pottery use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in northern Belgium might be biased by the difficulties in distinguishing between wild and domesticated ruminant adipose fats as well as in detecting plant foods through lipid residue analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a004ef975dd8e696b25d3c45aaa41dc6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117223789,"asset_id":122586287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117223789/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122586287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122586287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122586287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122586287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122586287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122586287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122586287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122586287, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a004ef975dd8e696b25d3c45aaa41dc6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122586287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122586287,"title":"Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02030-4","abstract":"This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. It examines pottery use and culinary practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, from the late 6th to the early 4th millennium cal BC. Residue analyses were performed on more than 200 samples from nine archaeological sites, representing different cultural groups from this transitional phase. This includes the analysis of charred food residues encrusted on the vessel surfaces by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), stereomicroscopic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as the analysis of absorbed lipids by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This study provides the first evidence of ruminant dairy fats in Early Neolithic Limburg pottery, supporting the hypothesis that this pottery was produced and used by LBK farmers rather than hunter-gatherer populations. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/121338094/Human_consumption_of_seaweed_and_freshwater_aquatic_plants_in_ancient_Europe">Human consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature Communications</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. In contrast, the subsequent Neolithic is characterised by the spread of farming, land ownership, and full sedentism, which lead to the perception of marine resources subsequently representing marginal or famine food or being abandoned altogether even at the furthermost coastal limits of Europe. Here, we examine biomarkers extracted from human dental calculus, using sequential thermal desorption- and pyrolysis-GCMS, to report direct evidence for widespread consumption of seaweed and submerged aquatic and freshwater plants across Europe. Notably, evidence of consumption of these resources extends through the Neolithic transition to farming and into the Early Middle Ages, suggesting that these resources, now rarely eaten in Europe, only became marginal much more recently. Understanding ancient foodstuffs is crucial to reconstructing the past, while a better knowledge of l...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7305d3eb5f1f13e0aee620ae339f5094" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116243537,"asset_id":121338094,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116243537/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338094"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338094]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338094']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338094, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7305d3eb5f1f13e0aee620ae339f5094" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338094]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338094,"title":"Human consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121338093"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338093/Archaeobotany_of_the_early_Neolithic_site_E_75_6_at_Nabta_Playa_Western_Desert_south_Egypt_Preliminary_results_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archaeobotany of the early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, south Egypt (Preliminary results)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338093/Archaeobotany_of_the_early_Neolithic_site_E_75_6_at_Nabta_Playa_Western_Desert_south_Egypt_Preliminary_results_">Archaeobotany of the early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, south Egypt (Preliminary results)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Palaeobotanica</span><span>, Oct 7, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Page 1. Acta Palaeobot. 35 (1): 133-155, 1995 ARCHAEOBOTANY OF THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE E-75-6 AT...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Page 1. 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These sites were excavated more than twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results were only scarcely published, and mostly in Dutch. This research project provided an excellent opportunity to unlock the high quality archaeological information. The presence of organic remains and numerous artefacts in cultural layers and the thorough excavation of these layers have produced a wealth of data regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic wetland landscape. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121338087"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338087/Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Twenty metres deep! The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338087/Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation">Twenty metres deep! The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338087"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338087"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338087; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338087]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338087; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338087']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338087, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338087]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338087,"title":"Twenty metres deep! The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context."},"translated_abstract":"Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121338087/Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-21T10:35:28.374-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology"},{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology"},{"id":26089,"name":"Mesolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Europe"},{"id":32163,"name":"Holocene sea level change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocene_sea_level_change"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene"},{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic"},{"id":155464,"name":"Excavation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excavation"},{"id":366389,"name":"International English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_English"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121338080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338080/Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338080/Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue">Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vinc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. This paper demonstrates the high potential of the proposed methodology to identify not only the use of peat in combustion residues, but potentially also the specific type of peat used as well as other fuel sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338080]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338080']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338080, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338080]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338080,"title":"Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. This paper demonstrates the high potential of the proposed methodology to identify not only the use of peat in combustion residues, but potentially also the specific type of peat used as well as other fuel sources.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},"translated_abstract":"Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. This paper demonstrates the high potential of the proposed methodology to identify not only the use of peat in combustion residues, but potentially also the specific type of peat used as well as other fuel sources.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121338080/Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-21T10:34:14.327-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry"},{"id":1742,"name":"Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany"},{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science"},{"id":11418,"name":"Phytolith Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytolith_Analysis"},{"id":14136,"name":"Pyrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrolysis"},{"id":21261,"name":"X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray_Fluorescence_XRF_Spectroscopy"},{"id":80317,"name":"Coal Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal_Mining"},{"id":159040,"name":"Anthracology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthracology"},{"id":281828,"name":"Roman Salt Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Salt_Production"},{"id":322786,"name":"Peat Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat_Extraction"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology"}],"urls":[{"id":43130370,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0305440323001723?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99997254"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99997254/Plant_remains_from_Tell_Ashara_Terqa_and_Tell_Masaikh_in_the_Middle_Euphrates_south_eastern_Syria"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant remains from Tell Ashara (Terqa) and Tell Masaikh in the Middle Euphrates, south-eastern Syria" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99997254/Plant_remains_from_Tell_Ashara_Terqa_and_Tell_Masaikh_in_the_Middle_Euphrates_south_eastern_Syria">Plant remains from Tell Ashara (Terqa) and Tell Masaikh in the Middle Euphrates, south-eastern Syria</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Akh Purattim 3</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">INTRODUCTION Archaeobotanical studies at Tell Ashara (ancient Terqa) on the western bank of the l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">INTRODUCTION Archaeobotanical studies at Tell Ashara (ancient Terqa) on the western bank of the lower part of the Syrian Middle Euphrates (some 60 km south of Deir-ez-Zor) and at Tell Masaikh on the eastern bank commenced in 2006 as part of a major joint archaeological project with the two sites directed by Olivier Rouault and Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault respectively. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88324861"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88324861/Getting_to_the_root_of_the_problem_new_evidence_for_the_use_of_plant_root_foods_in_Mesolithic_hunter_gatherer_subsistence_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92319671/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88324861/Getting_to_the_root_of_the_problem_new_evidence_for_the_use_of_plant_root_foods_in_Mesolithic_hunter_gatherer_subsistence_in_Europe">Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. The excavations uncovered abundant root tuber remains of Ficaria verna Huds. (lesser celandine), an excellent high energy and carbohydrate-rich food source, and produced the first evidence for the use of tubers of Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler (bitter-vetch) at a hunter-gatherer site in Europe. Here we report on the analysis of the charred root and tuber remains and other charred plant macrofossils from the site and consider the significance of these results within the wider context of European hunter-gatherer subsistence. The wide range of root and tuber taxa recovered from European hunter-gatherer sites and the importance of appropriate sampling on hunter-gatherer sites are highlighted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5c84ea6dc8502ee02ebd8e8b74846b1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92319671,"asset_id":88324861,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92319671/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88324861"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88324861"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88324861; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88324861]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88324861]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88324861; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88324861']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88324861, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5c84ea6dc8502ee02ebd8e8b74846b1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88324861]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88324861,"title":"Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325582/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_e_M_Theunissen_Eds_2012_a_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325582/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_e_M_Theunissen_Eds_2012_a_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research with...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. The Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325582,"title":"B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. The Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":11,"year":2012,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325581/A_Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_Coastal_Site_of_Velsen_Waterland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Taste of Honey Food from the Bronze Age Coastal Site of Velsen Waterland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325581/A_Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_Coastal_Site_of_Velsen_Waterland">A Taste of Honey Food from the Bronze Age Coastal Site of Velsen Waterland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sidestone press</span><span>, Oct 9, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325581; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325580"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325580/Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325580/Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited">Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quaternary Geochronology</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a lowcost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325580"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325580]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325580']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325580, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325580]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325580,"title":"Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a lowcost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Quaternary Geochronology"},"translated_abstract":"Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a lowcost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325580/Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-17T22:19:39.511-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences"},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology"},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry"},{"id":1034,"name":"Stratigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratigraphy"},{"id":1723,"name":"Palaeoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoenvironment"},{"id":11994,"name":"Peatland Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peatland_Ecology"},{"id":14716,"name":"Accelerator Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accelerator_Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology"},{"id":19758,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating (Earth Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating_Earth_Sciences_"},{"id":32759,"name":"Palaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobotany"},{"id":60488,"name":"Quaternary geochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_geochronology"},{"id":389709,"name":"Peatlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peatlands"}],"urls":[{"id":22253449,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1871101422000267?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325579"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325579/Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Steynhof (Anne Frankpark), gemeente Den Haag. Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325579/Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld">Steynhof (Anne Frankpark), gemeente Den Haag. Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325579]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325579']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325579, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325579]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325579,"title":"Steynhof (Anne Frankpark), gemeente Den Haag. Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…","publisher":"Gemeente Den Haag","publication_date":{"day":12,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325579/Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-17T22:19:39.381-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"nl","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":540887,"name":"Den Haag","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Den_Haag"},{"id":1029470,"name":"Neolithicum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithicum"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325578"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe">Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wild Harvest</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325578"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325578]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325578']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325578, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325578]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325578,"title":"Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","publisher":"Oxbow Books","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Wild Harvest"},"translated_abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-17T22:19:39.259-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":443676,"name":"Hunter Gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_Gatherers"},{"id":650959,"name":"Wild Harvests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_Harvests"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1847900" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122586287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122586287/Pottery_use_across_the_Neolithic_transition_in_northern_Belgium_evidence_from_isotopic_molecular_and_microscopic_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117223789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122586287/Pottery_use_across_the_Neolithic_transition_in_northern_Belgium_evidence_from_isotopic_molecular_and_microscopic_analysis">Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/DimitriTeetaert">Dimitri Teetaert</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. It examines pottery use and culinary practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, from the late 6th to the early 4th millennium cal BC. Residue analyses were performed on more than 200 samples from nine archaeological sites, representing different cultural groups from this transitional phase. This includes the analysis of charred food residues encrusted on the vessel surfaces by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), stereomicroscopic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as the analysis of absorbed lipids by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This study provides the first evidence of ruminant dairy fats in Early Neolithic Limburg pottery, supporting the hypothesis that this pottery was produced and used by LBK farmers rather than hunter-gatherer populations. The first indigenous pottery of the Swifterbant culture was frequently used to process freshwater fish (often together with plant foods) and ruminant meat, although several of the studied vessels likely contained mixtures of resources which could also include porcine products. Ruminant dairy is nearly absent from this pottery. Similar results were obtained for pottery of the subsequent Michelsberg culture/Group of Spiere of the late 5th and early 4th millennium cal BC. The limited presence of ruminant dairy fats in this pottery contrasts with the findings for Middle Neolithic pottery from neighbouring regions, providing further evidence for the existence of regional variations in pottery use or culinary practices throughout prehistoric NW Europe. However, our current view of pottery use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in northern Belgium might be biased by the difficulties in distinguishing between wild and domesticated ruminant adipose fats as well as in detecting plant foods through lipid residue analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a004ef975dd8e696b25d3c45aaa41dc6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117223789,"asset_id":122586287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117223789/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122586287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122586287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122586287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122586287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122586287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122586287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122586287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122586287, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a004ef975dd8e696b25d3c45aaa41dc6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122586287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122586287,"title":"Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02030-4","abstract":"This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. 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The first indigenous pottery of the Swifterbant culture was frequently used to process freshwater fish (often together with plant foods) and ruminant meat, although several of the studied vessels likely contained mixtures of resources which could also include porcine products. Ruminant dairy is nearly absent from this pottery. Similar results were obtained for pottery of the subsequent Michelsberg culture/Group of Spiere of the late 5th and early 4th millennium cal BC. The limited presence of ruminant dairy fats in this pottery contrasts with the findings for Middle Neolithic pottery from neighbouring regions, providing further evidence for the existence of regional variations in pottery use or culinary practices throughout prehistoric NW Europe. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/121338094/Human_consumption_of_seaweed_and_freshwater_aquatic_plants_in_ancient_Europe">Human consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature Communications</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. In contrast, the subsequent Neolithic is characterised by the spread of farming, land ownership, and full sedentism, which lead to the perception of marine resources subsequently representing marginal or famine food or being abandoned altogether even at the furthermost coastal limits of Europe. Here, we examine biomarkers extracted from human dental calculus, using sequential thermal desorption- and pyrolysis-GCMS, to report direct evidence for widespread consumption of seaweed and submerged aquatic and freshwater plants across Europe. Notably, evidence of consumption of these resources extends through the Neolithic transition to farming and into the Early Middle Ages, suggesting that these resources, now rarely eaten in Europe, only became marginal much more recently. Understanding ancient foodstuffs is crucial to reconstructing the past, while a better knowledge of l...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7305d3eb5f1f13e0aee620ae339f5094" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116243537,"asset_id":121338094,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116243537/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338094"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338094]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338094']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338094, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7305d3eb5f1f13e0aee620ae339f5094" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338094]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338094,"title":"Human consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. In contrast, the subsequent Neolithic is characterised by the spread of farming, land ownership, and full sedentism, which lead to the perception of marine resources subsequently representing marginal or famine food or being abandoned altogether even at the furthermost coastal limits of Europe. Here, we examine biomarkers extracted from human dental calculus, using sequential thermal desorption- and pyrolysis-GCMS, to report direct evidence for widespread consumption of seaweed and submerged aquatic and freshwater plants across Europe. Notably, evidence of consumption of these resources extends through the Neolithic transition to farming and into the Early Middle Ages, suggesting that these resources, now rarely eaten in Europe, only became marginal much more recently. Understanding ancient foodstuffs is crucial to reconstructing the past, while a better knowledge of l...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Nature Communications"},"translated_abstract":"During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. In contrast, the subsequent Neolithic is characterised by the spread of farming, land ownership, and full sedentism, which lead to the perception of marine resources subsequently representing marginal or famine food or being abandoned altogether even at the furthermost coastal limits of Europe. Here, we examine biomarkers extracted from human dental calculus, using sequential thermal desorption- and pyrolysis-GCMS, to report direct evidence for widespread consumption of seaweed and submerged aquatic and freshwater plants across Europe. Notably, evidence of consumption of these resources extends through the Neolithic transition to farming and into the Early Middle Ages, suggesting that these resources, now rarely eaten in Europe, only became marginal much more recently. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121338093"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338093/Archaeobotany_of_the_early_Neolithic_site_E_75_6_at_Nabta_Playa_Western_Desert_south_Egypt_Preliminary_results_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archaeobotany of the early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, south Egypt (Preliminary results)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338093/Archaeobotany_of_the_early_Neolithic_site_E_75_6_at_Nabta_Playa_Western_Desert_south_Egypt_Preliminary_results_">Archaeobotany of the early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, south Egypt (Preliminary results)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Palaeobotanica</span><span>, Oct 7, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Page 1. Acta Palaeobot. 35 (1): 133-155, 1995 ARCHAEOBOTANY OF THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE E-75-6 AT...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Page 1. Acta Palaeobot. 35 (1): 133-155, 1995 ARCHAEOBOTANY OF THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE E-75-6 AT NABTA PLAYA, WESTERN DESERT, SOUTH EGYPT (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)* KRYSTYNA WASYLIKOWA1 ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338093"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338093"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338093; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338093]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338093]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338093; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338093']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338093, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338093]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338093,"title":"Archaeobotany of the early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, south Egypt (Preliminary results)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Page 1. 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The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338087/Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation">Twenty metres deep! The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338087"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338087"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338087; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338087]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338087; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338087']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338087, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338087]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338087,"title":"Twenty metres deep! The Mesolithic period at the site Yangtze Harbour in the Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands. Early Holocene landscape development and habitation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context."},"translated_abstract":"Introduction In November 2011 archaeologists of City of Rotterdam Archaeological Service (BOOR) conducted underwater research in the Yangtze harbour, Rotterdam Maasvlakte, The Netherlands. The research was carried out by order of Port of Rotterdam Authority and supervised by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. The results of geological, botanical, zoological and archaeological analyses of the retrieved material generated new information on the occupation of a relatively high river dune by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and on the development history of the surrounding landscape ca. 9,000 years ago. Methods Rather than employing divers the underwater investigations were carried out on board a vessel using a wire-operated, horizontal closing grab. Three small trenches (total area ca. 375m²) were excavated in layers in a fairly controlled fashion. Underwater excavations cannot achieve the same level of precision as is possible on land, but the many soil core samples taken in the project’s preliminary phase allowed detailed descriptions of the geomorphological stratigraphy. The excavation resulted in 316 bulk bags of soil. All soil was sieved on land, using sieves with mesh sizes of 10 and 2mm, after which archaeologists and volunteers carefully sorted the residues, documenting a total of ca. 46,000 finds. Results Plenty of Mesolithic occupation remains were retrieved at all three grab locations, from depths ranging between 17 to 21m below modern MSL. The finds span the age range from ca. 8400 to 6500BC, when the site transformed from dryland (an inland dune) to wetland (drowned delta subsurface). At the foot of the inland dune, the depositional conditions allowed for excellent preservation of bone, charcoal and plant material as well as stone artefacts. The site provides an unusually rich and detailed body of evidence on environmental conditions and the Middle Mesolithic palaeo-economy. The landscape ecotones around the site yielded an abundance of food while gradually being transformed, due to rising sea levels, from a valley containing the rivers Rhine and Meuse into the mouth area of those rivers. At 6500 BC, the site was finally transgressed: drowned in an estuary and swallowed up by the sea. Conclusion The Rotterdam Yangtze Harbour research project demonstrates the preservation of Mesolithic sites along the river Rhine, at depths in nowadays coastal and offshore areas. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of archaeological investigation of such submerged sites, even at depths of 18 to 20 m beneath sea, lake and harbour floors. Never before had such a submerged site been excavated at such a great depth. The scientific report (in English) will appear in the autumn of 2014, providing a full description of all finds as well as their landscape context.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121338087/Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-21T10:35:28.374-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Twenty_metres_deep_The_Mesolithic_period_at_the_site_Yangtze_Harbour_in_the_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands_Early_Holocene_landscape_development_and_habitation","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology"},{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology"},{"id":26089,"name":"Mesolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Europe"},{"id":32163,"name":"Holocene sea level change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocene_sea_level_change"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene"},{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic"},{"id":155464,"name":"Excavation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excavation"},{"id":366389,"name":"International English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_English"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121338080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338080/Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121338080/Fuelling_the_Roman_salt_industry_Developing_a_new_multiproxy_approach_to_identify_peat_fuel_from_archaeological_combustion_residue">Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vinc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. This paper demonstrates the high potential of the proposed methodology to identify not only the use of peat in combustion residues, but potentially also the specific type of peat used as well as other fuel sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121338080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121338080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121338080]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121338080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121338080']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121338080, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121338080]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121338080,"title":"Fuelling the Roman salt industry. Developing a new multiproxy approach to identify peat fuel from archaeological combustion residue","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. This paper demonstrates the high potential of the proposed methodology to identify not only the use of peat in combustion residues, but potentially also the specific type of peat used as well as other fuel sources.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},"translated_abstract":"Dekoninck M, K Deforce, J Kaal, WA Out, V Van Thienen, F Buyse, L Kubiak-Martens, P. Tack, L Vincze, S Lycke, W De Clercq 2024. Journal of Archaeological Science 161, 105892. In Europe, especially the Low Countries, peat was intensively used as a fuel source. Yet, the identification of peat as a fuel source from archaeological combustion residues is challenging. Nevertheless, detecting peat fuel in archaeological contexts would significantly contribute to broader socio-economic questions, such as fuel and landscape management strategies. To achieve this goal, this study developed a new multiproxy approach by combining several analytical methods (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, analytical pyrolysis, phytolith, faecal spherulite and ash pseudomorphs analyses and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) to identify fuel types, predominantly peat, from combustion residues. This methodology was successfully applied to combustion residues discovered at 6 Roman salt production sites situated along the southern North Sea coast. Not only was peat, specifically Sphagnum sp. and Ericaceae peat, identified as the predominant fuel source, but the use of fossil coal as a secondary fuel source could also be hypothesised. 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The aim of the archaeobotanical research has been to study the plant remains in order to provide new insights into the unders..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99997254"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99997254"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99997254; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99997254]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99997254]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99997254; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99997254']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99997254, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99997254]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99997254,"title":"Plant remains from Tell Ashara (Terqa) and Tell Masaikh in the Middle Euphrates, south-eastern Syria","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Archaeobotanical studies at Tell Ashara (ancient Terqa) on the western bank of the lower part of the Syrian Middle Euphrates (some 60 km south of Deir-ez-Zor) and at Tell Masaikh on the eastern bank commenced in 2006 as part of a major joint archaeological project with the two sites directed by Olivier Rouault and Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault respectively. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92638213"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/92638213/Seasonal_Mobility_in_the_Dutch_Mesolithic_a_View_from_Different_Perspectives"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal Mobility in the Dutch Mesolithic, a View from Different Perspectives" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/92638213/Seasonal_Mobility_in_the_Dutch_Mesolithic_a_View_from_Different_Perspectives">Seasonal Mobility in the Dutch Mesolithic, a View from Different Perspectives</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quantifying Stone Age Mobility</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92638213"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92638213"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92638213; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88324861"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88324861/Getting_to_the_root_of_the_problem_new_evidence_for_the_use_of_plant_root_foods_in_Mesolithic_hunter_gatherer_subsistence_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92319671/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88324861/Getting_to_the_root_of_the_problem_new_evidence_for_the_use_of_plant_root_foods_in_Mesolithic_hunter_gatherer_subsistence_in_Europe">Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. The excavations uncovered abundant root tuber remains of Ficaria verna Huds. (lesser celandine), an excellent high energy and carbohydrate-rich food source, and produced the first evidence for the use of tubers of Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler (bitter-vetch) at a hunter-gatherer site in Europe. Here we report on the analysis of the charred root and tuber remains and other charred plant macrofossils from the site and consider the significance of these results within the wider context of European hunter-gatherer subsistence. The wide range of root and tuber taxa recovered from European hunter-gatherer sites and the importance of appropriate sampling on hunter-gatherer sites are highlighted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5c84ea6dc8502ee02ebd8e8b74846b1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92319671,"asset_id":88324861,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92319671/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88324861"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88324861"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88324861; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88324861]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88324861]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88324861; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88324861']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88324861, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5c84ea6dc8502ee02ebd8e8b74846b1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88324861]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88324861,"title":"Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. The excavations uncovered abundant root tuber remains of Ficaria verna Huds. (lesser celandine), an excellent high energy and carbohydrate-rich food source, and produced the first evidence for the use of tubers of Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler (bitter-vetch) at a hunter-gatherer site in Europe. Here we report on the analysis of the charred root and tuber remains and other charred plant macrofossils from the site and consider the significance of these results within the wider context of European hunter-gatherer subsistence. The wide range of root and tuber taxa recovered from European hunter-gatherer sites and the importance of appropriate sampling on hunter-gatherer sites are highlighted.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany"},"translated_abstract":"This paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. The excavations uncovered abundant root tuber remains of Ficaria verna Huds. (lesser celandine), an excellent high energy and carbohydrate-rich food source, and produced the first evidence for the use of tubers of Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler (bitter-vetch) at a hunter-gatherer site in Europe. Here we report on the analysis of the charred root and tuber remains and other charred plant macrofossils from the site and consider the significance of these results within the wider context of European hunter-gatherer subsistence. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325582/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_e_M_Theunissen_Eds_2012_a_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325582/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_e_M_Theunissen_Eds_2012_a_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research with...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. The Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325582,"title":"B I Smit O Brinkkemper J P Kleijne R C G M Lauwerier e M Theunissen Eds 2012 a Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug the Netherlands Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. The Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":11,"year":2012,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325581/A_Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_Coastal_Site_of_Velsen_Waterland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Taste of Honey Food from the Bronze Age Coastal Site of Velsen Waterland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325581/A_Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_Coastal_Site_of_Velsen_Waterland">A Taste of Honey Food from the Bronze Age Coastal Site of Velsen Waterland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sidestone press</span><span>, Oct 9, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325581; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325580"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325580/Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325580/Dating_basal_peat_The_geochronology_of_peat_initiation_revisited">Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quaternary Geochronology</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a lowcost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325580"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325580]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325580']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325580, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325580]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325580,"title":"Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. 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The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. 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Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325579/Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld">Steynhof (Anne Frankpark), gemeente Den Haag. Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325579]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325579']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325579, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325579]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325579,"title":"Steynhof (Anne Frankpark), gemeente Den Haag. Een Vlaardingennederzetting in het Wateringse Veld","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…","publisher":"Gemeente Den Haag","publication_date":{"day":12,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"De Ontwikkelingscombinatie Wateringse Veld (OCWV) heeft de ontwikkeling van een perceel aan de Leyweg, bekend als het Anne Frankpark, of de Steynhof in voorbereiding. Het gebied, gelegen tussen de Noordweg, de Leyweg en de Erasmusweg, maakt onderdeel uit het initiatief Erasmusveld Midden aan de noordelijke rand van de VINEX locatie Wateringse Veld. De beoogde ontwikkeling van de locatie met een gevarieerd woonmilieu met een hoge duurzaamheidsambitie en een zorgvuldige inpassing in bestaande en te realiseren groenstructuren, sluit aan bij het masterplan Erasmusveld-Leywegzone. Aangezien het plangebied een archeologische verwachting heeft, is er vanaf 2007 achtereenvolgens inventariserend archeologisch vooronderzoek uitgevoerd bestaande uit een bureauonderzoek, een booronderzoek en een waardestellend proefsleuvenonderzoek. Hierbij is op de Steynhof de aanwezigheid van een behoudenswaardige vindplaats uit het neolithicum (steentijd) vastgesteld. Omdat behoud in de bodem (behoud in situ) niet mogelijk bleek, is bepaald dat de archeologische informatie moest worden veiliggesteld door een definitief archeologisch onderzoek (opgraving) uit te voeren voorafgaand aan ontwikkeling van het terrein. De opgraving vond plaats in het najaar van 2017 en werd uitgevoerd door de afdeling Archeologie en Natuur- en Milieueducatie van de gemeente Den Haag. Vraagstelling In het Programma van Eisen (PvE Den haag 2017-08) is de volgende vraagstelling geformuleerd: ‘Welke bijdrage levert de archeologische informatie in het plangebied aan de kennis over de ontwikkeling en bewoning van Den Haag Zuidwest in de prehistorie, bezien vanuit de bredere (landschappelijke) ontwikkelingen in de Haagse regio in die periode?’ Methode De vindplaats is min of meer vlakdekkend onderzocht. In totaal is 3677 m2 opgegraven verdeeld over 10 werkputten. Waar de vondstlaag nog intact was is deze handmatig schavenderwijs verdiept in eenheden van één vierkante meter (met als voorwaarde dat de vondstdichtheid hoger dan 10 vondsten per vierkante meter betrof). Van iedere vierkante meter is een monster van 10 liter genomen dat is gezeefd over een maaswijdte van 4mm en is gebruikt als referentiewaarde. Waar de vondstdichtheid kleiner was, is de vondstlaag machinaal verdiept en zijn vondsten 3D ingemeten. Op diverse plekken, zowel in het vlak als in de profielen zijn monsters genomen ten behoeve van ecologisch en daterend onderzoek. Al tijdens het veldwerk hebben verschillende materiaalspecialisten de opgraving bezocht om waar nodig de methodiek aan te passen. Na afloop van het veldwerk en een eerste scan van het materiaal heeft een specialistenoverleg plaatsgevonden om de inhoudelijke evaluatie en het uitwerkingsplan naar een hoger plan te tillen. Vanwege de grote hoeveelheid vondsten, veel meer dan voorzien en de complexiteit van de vindplaats heeft de uitwerking en de rapportage langer geduurd dan gedacht. Resultaten De archeologische resten op de Steynhof zijn die van een nederzetting uit het laat-neolithicum en behoren tot de zogenoemde Vlaardingencultuur. In ruime zin plaatsen de 14C-dateringen de vindplaats in de periode 3100-2340 v.Chr., met de meeste dateringen in de periode 2900-2550 v.Chr. Dit sluit aan op het aardewerk dat te dateren in de Vlaardingen 1b/2a periode, tussen 2850-2550 v.Chr. De Steynhof vertoont veel overeenkomsten met andere, deels gelijktijdige neolithische vindplaatsen in de omgeving, waarvan de nabijgelegen Wateringse Binnentuinen de belangrijkste is. De bewoners van de Steynhof vestigden zich op een duin op de strandwal van Rijswijk-Voorschoten. Tijdens de opgraving bleken hiervan de flanken het best bewaard gebleven. Rondom de grotendeels verstoorde duintop bevonden zich ten minste drie huizen. De plattegronden hiervan vertonen veel overeenkomsten met die van de Wateringse Binnentuinen. Kenmerkend zijn wandstijlparen die voor de stevigheid van de structuur zorgden, een ovaal grondplan, veelal uniforme afmetingen (grofweg 15 bij 3 m) en de oriëntatie (oostnoordoost-westzuidwest). De bewoners deden met zekerheid aan veeteelt. Op de lagergelegen duinflank zijn tredlagen herkend waarin de indrukken van de hoeven van de dieren nog zichtbaar waren. Op de flank zijn ook water- en drenkkuilen aangetroffen. In één van de grotere drenkkuilen bevonden zich nog de restanten van een houten structuur, mogelijk een plankier, en de resten van een houten roede of prikstok. Andere vondsten uit de grondsporen, maar vooral uit de vondstlaag betreffen aardewerk, natuur- en vuursteen, botmateriaal en botanische resten. De vondsten geven een beeld van de dagelijkse bezigheden van de bewoners. Aankoeksels van etenswaren op het aardewerk tonen aan dat men verschillende graansoorten bereidde, terwijl andere scherven reparatiegaten bevatten die in stilte getuigen van een duurzame materiële cultuur. Snijsporen op botmateriaal en de vele vuurstenen schrabbers verwijzen naar het verwerken van dierenhuiden. Het botmateriaal en de botanische resten laten…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325579/Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-17T22:19:39.381-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Steynhof_Anne_Frankpark_gemeente_Den_Haag_Een_Vlaardingennederzetting_in_het_Wateringse_Veld","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"nl","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":540887,"name":"Den Haag","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Den_Haag"},{"id":1029470,"name":"Neolithicum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithicum"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83325578"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe">Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wild Harvest</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83325578"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83325578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83325578]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83325578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83325578']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83325578, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83325578]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83325578,"title":"Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","publisher":"Oxbow Books","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Wild Harvest"},"translated_abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food (starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325578/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-17T22:19:39.259-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":443676,"name":"Hunter Gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_Gatherers"},{"id":650959,"name":"Wild Harvests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_Harvests"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1852954" id="bookchapter"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2364365"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2364365/Synthesis_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware_Culture_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis - Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands): a kaleidoscope of gathering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30401272/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2364365/Synthesis_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware_Culture_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering">Synthesis - Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands): a kaleidoscope of gathering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands): Synthesis</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Full publication avaliable for free download on the cultureelerfgoed website. Keinsmerbrug: a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Full publication avaliable for free download on the cultureelerfgoed website. <br /> <br />Keinsmerbrug: a kaleidoscope of gathering <br />The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research as part of the Odyssey project entitled ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The unpublished data available suggested Keinsmerbrug was a small site lacking clear structures. The limited scale of the excavation (area approx. 300 m2, excavated in a single campaign) made this site the obvious choice as a test case for the approach to be adopted in the Single Grave Culture project. A group of specialists worked together to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data. The project team consists of 16 people tackling different subjects and working in various institutional settings (commercial agencies, universities and the Cultural Heritage Agency). The good preservation of the archaeological remains at Keinsmerbrug allowed us to gain an insight into the exploitation of animal and plant resources there. Based on the archaeozoological evidence it is clear that subsistence was based on a combination of cattle breeding, fishing and fowling. Besides cattle, some sheep or goats and young pigs were consumed. The few wild mammals present like wolf, polecat and marten were probably hunted for their furs. Fish from both saline and brackish waters was an important part of the diet. Flatfish – particularly flounder – and sturgeon were caught. By far the most astonishing aspect is the huge quantity of bird bones discovered. Different kinds of birds, especially ducks (mallard, teal/garganey and wigeon), were caught in huge numbers. Estimates of the total number of birds caught range from 5000 to 10,000. Naked barley and emmer wheat were brought to the site as cleaned or semi-cleaned grains. Besides cereals, seeds of various orache species were gathered for food. It is remarkable that no other wild plant foods such as crab apple, berries, hazelnuts and acorns were consumed. Evidence for the gathering of roots and tubers for food is also lacking. Chemical evidence has shown that grain was cooked in liquid and that starch-rich foods were mixed with a small amount of animal fat or fish oil. Meat and fish were probably prepared for consumption using fire (open or otherwise), in the form of smoking, grilling or preparation in ashpits. Similar cooking strategies and drying on racks were used to conserve the large number of ducks and fish which must have been prepared for storage and transport to other settlements. Although the number of finds is not very high the study of the material culture revealed some important results. One intriguing aspect of the ceramics is their variation. Although the ceramics are low in number the variation in thickness, tempering and decoration is high. It is likely that this variation is caused by differences in the origins of the vessels or the origins or preferences of the individual potters. People from different local SGC traditions probably visited this specific location at different times, Summary 5 — each bringing their own vessels which they used for the preparation of one specific type of food. The absence of imported material suggests that the flint, hard stone and amber were probably collected in nearby areas, at the coastal beach barrier or on the glacial till deposits at Wieringen. The flint was carried to the site in small nodules and the knapping process was performed at the site to obtain the tools needed. During the excavation of the site in 1986 no patterns or configurations were observed in the stake- and postholes. Using a set of fresh eyes and applying currently available spatial analysis programmes to a multitude of datasets, five structures or dwellings have been identified. The spatial analysis of all the data shows the presence of at least seven identifiable activity areas. Three of the five structures have been identified as dwellings (house plans) based on their more or less regular outline. The dwellings are all two-aisled, similar to known dwellings at other Neolithic settlements. The structures are likely to have been relatively light constructions. The presence of burnt reed fragments in the cultural layer could be indicative of the deliberate burning of reed shoots when the settlement was revisited, to create an open surface. The analyses have shown that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The limited range of other activities combined with the characteristics of the material culture (low numbers of flints and ceramics, variation in the tempering of the ceramics, small range of different flint and stone tools) is indicative of such short-term use. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. In conclusion, the site at Keinsmerbrug has been interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). It seems that mainly one type of food was cooked in the vessels at Keinsmerbrug: a starch-rich porridge of emmer grain, orache and water mixed with some fat from either animals or fish. Keinsmerbrug was a settlement where people from different households or groups gathered for special reasons like feasting, besides the hunting of fowl, fishing and/or herding of cattle. These people gathered on occasion to hunt huge numbers of ducks and fish and simultaneously used this period to share information and eat specific foods. During their stay dwellings, pits/unlined wells and specific activity areas structured the settlement area. Since this was a non-residential settlement, the question of where the contemporaneous seasonal and residential settlements might be naturally arises. Future analysis of the sites at Mienakker and Zeewijk might show that these locations are the counterparts of the settlement at Keinsmerbrug.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72ef8dc12affa3135b1f815c065fb319" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30401272,"asset_id":2364365,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30401272/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2364365"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2364365"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2364365; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2364365]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2364365]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2364365; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2364365']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2364365, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72ef8dc12affa3135b1f815c065fb319" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2364365]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2364365,"title":"Synthesis - Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands): a kaleidoscope of gathering","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Full publication avaliable for free download on the cultureelerfgoed website.\r\n\r\nKeinsmerbrug: a kaleidoscope of gathering\r\nThe analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research as part of the Odyssey project entitled ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The unpublished data available suggested Keinsmerbrug was a small site lacking clear structures. The limited scale of the excavation (area approx. 300 m2, excavated in a single campaign) made this site the obvious choice as a test case for the approach to be adopted in the Single Grave Culture project. A group of specialists worked together to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data. The project team consists of 16 people tackling different subjects and working in various institutional settings (commercial agencies, universities and the Cultural Heritage Agency). The good preservation of the archaeological remains at Keinsmerbrug allowed us to gain an insight into the exploitation of animal and plant resources there. Based on the archaeozoological evidence it is clear that subsistence was based on a combination of cattle breeding, fishing and fowling. Besides cattle, some sheep or goats and young pigs were consumed. The few wild mammals present like wolf, polecat and marten were probably hunted for their furs. Fish from both saline and brackish waters was an important part of the diet. Flatfish – particularly flounder – and sturgeon were caught. By far the most astonishing aspect is the huge quantity of bird bones discovered. Different kinds of birds, especially ducks (mallard, teal/garganey and wigeon), were caught in huge numbers. Estimates of the total number of birds caught range from 5000 to 10,000. Naked barley and emmer wheat were brought to the site as cleaned or semi-cleaned grains. Besides cereals, seeds of various orache species were gathered for food. It is remarkable that no other wild plant foods such as crab apple, berries, hazelnuts and acorns were consumed. Evidence for the gathering of roots and tubers for food is also lacking. Chemical evidence has shown that grain was cooked in liquid and that starch-rich foods were mixed with a small amount of animal fat or fish oil. Meat and fish were probably prepared for consumption using fire (open or otherwise), in the form of smoking, grilling or preparation in ashpits. Similar cooking strategies and drying on racks were used to conserve the large number of ducks and fish which must have been prepared for storage and transport to other settlements. Although the number of finds is not very high the study of the material culture revealed some important results. One intriguing aspect of the ceramics is their variation. Although the ceramics are low in number the variation in thickness, tempering and decoration is high. It is likely that this variation is caused by differences in the origins of the vessels or the origins or preferences of the individual potters. People from different local SGC traditions probably visited this specific location at different times, Summary 5 — each bringing their own vessels which they used for the preparation of one specific type of food. The absence of imported material suggests that the flint, hard stone and amber were probably collected in nearby areas, at the coastal beach barrier or on the glacial till deposits at Wieringen. The flint was carried to the site in small nodules and the knapping process was performed at the site to obtain the tools needed. During the excavation of the site in 1986 no patterns or configurations were observed in the stake- and postholes. Using a set of fresh eyes and applying currently available spatial analysis programmes to a multitude of datasets, five structures or dwellings have been identified. The spatial analysis of all the data shows the presence of at least seven identifiable activity areas. Three of the five structures have been identified as dwellings (house plans) based on their more or less regular outline. The dwellings are all two-aisled, similar to known dwellings at other Neolithic settlements. The structures are likely to have been relatively light constructions. The presence of burnt reed fragments in the cultural layer could be indicative of the deliberate burning of reed shoots when the settlement was revisited, to create an open surface. The analyses have shown that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The limited range of other activities combined with the characteristics of the material culture (low numbers of flints and ceramics, variation in the tempering of the ceramics, small range of different flint and stone tools) is indicative of such short-term use. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. In conclusion, the site at Keinsmerbrug has been interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). It seems that mainly one type of food was cooked in the vessels at Keinsmerbrug: a starch-rich porridge of emmer grain, orache and water mixed with some fat from either animals or fish. Keinsmerbrug was a settlement where people from different households or groups gathered for special reasons like feasting, besides the hunting of fowl, fishing and/or herding of cattle. These people gathered on occasion to hunt huge numbers of ducks and fish and simultaneously used this period to share information and eat specific foods. During their stay dwellings, pits/unlined wells and specific activity areas structured the settlement area. Since this was a non-residential settlement, the question of where the contemporaneous seasonal and residential settlements might be naturally arises. Future analysis of the sites at Mienakker and Zeewijk might show that these locations are the counterparts of the settlement at Keinsmerbrug.","more_info":"Authors: B.I. Smit, S.M. Beckerman, D.C. Brinkhuizen, V. Garcia-Diaz, L. Kubiak-Martens, G.R. Nobles, T. F.M. Oudemans, J.T. Zeiler, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, E.M. Theunissen, A.L. van Gijn \u0026 D.C.M. Raemaekers","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands): Synthesis"},"translated_abstract":"Full publication avaliable for free download on the cultureelerfgoed website.\r\n\r\nKeinsmerbrug: a kaleidoscope of gathering\r\nThe analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research as part of the Odyssey project entitled ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The unpublished data available suggested Keinsmerbrug was a small site lacking clear structures. The limited scale of the excavation (area approx. 300 m2, excavated in a single campaign) made this site the obvious choice as a test case for the approach to be adopted in the Single Grave Culture project. A group of specialists worked together to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data. The project team consists of 16 people tackling different subjects and working in various institutional settings (commercial agencies, universities and the Cultural Heritage Agency). The good preservation of the archaeological remains at Keinsmerbrug allowed us to gain an insight into the exploitation of animal and plant resources there. Based on the archaeozoological evidence it is clear that subsistence was based on a combination of cattle breeding, fishing and fowling. Besides cattle, some sheep or goats and young pigs were consumed. The few wild mammals present like wolf, polecat and marten were probably hunted for their furs. Fish from both saline and brackish waters was an important part of the diet. Flatfish – particularly flounder – and sturgeon were caught. By far the most astonishing aspect is the huge quantity of bird bones discovered. Different kinds of birds, especially ducks (mallard, teal/garganey and wigeon), were caught in huge numbers. Estimates of the total number of birds caught range from 5000 to 10,000. Naked barley and emmer wheat were brought to the site as cleaned or semi-cleaned grains. Besides cereals, seeds of various orache species were gathered for food. It is remarkable that no other wild plant foods such as crab apple, berries, hazelnuts and acorns were consumed. Evidence for the gathering of roots and tubers for food is also lacking. Chemical evidence has shown that grain was cooked in liquid and that starch-rich foods were mixed with a small amount of animal fat or fish oil. Meat and fish were probably prepared for consumption using fire (open or otherwise), in the form of smoking, grilling or preparation in ashpits. Similar cooking strategies and drying on racks were used to conserve the large number of ducks and fish which must have been prepared for storage and transport to other settlements. Although the number of finds is not very high the study of the material culture revealed some important results. One intriguing aspect of the ceramics is their variation. Although the ceramics are low in number the variation in thickness, tempering and decoration is high. It is likely that this variation is caused by differences in the origins of the vessels or the origins or preferences of the individual potters. People from different local SGC traditions probably visited this specific location at different times, Summary 5 — each bringing their own vessels which they used for the preparation of one specific type of food. The absence of imported material suggests that the flint, hard stone and amber were probably collected in nearby areas, at the coastal beach barrier or on the glacial till deposits at Wieringen. The flint was carried to the site in small nodules and the knapping process was performed at the site to obtain the tools needed. During the excavation of the site in 1986 no patterns or configurations were observed in the stake- and postholes. Using a set of fresh eyes and applying currently available spatial analysis programmes to a multitude of datasets, five structures or dwellings have been identified. The spatial analysis of all the data shows the presence of at least seven identifiable activity areas. Three of the five structures have been identified as dwellings (house plans) based on their more or less regular outline. The dwellings are all two-aisled, similar to known dwellings at other Neolithic settlements. The structures are likely to have been relatively light constructions. The presence of burnt reed fragments in the cultural layer could be indicative of the deliberate burning of reed shoots when the settlement was revisited, to create an open surface. The analyses have shown that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The limited range of other activities combined with the characteristics of the material culture (low numbers of flints and ceramics, variation in the tempering of the ceramics, small range of different flint and stone tools) is indicative of such short-term use. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. In conclusion, the site at Keinsmerbrug has been interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). It seems that mainly one type of food was cooked in the vessels at Keinsmerbrug: a starch-rich porridge of emmer grain, orache and water mixed with some fat from either animals or fish. Keinsmerbrug was a settlement where people from different households or groups gathered for special reasons like feasting, besides the hunting of fowl, fishing and/or herding of cattle. These people gathered on occasion to hunt huge numbers of ducks and fish and simultaneously used this period to share information and eat specific foods. During their stay dwellings, pits/unlined wells and specific activity areas structured the settlement area. Since this was a non-residential settlement, the question of where the contemporaneous seasonal and residential settlements might be naturally arises. Future analysis of the sites at Mienakker and Zeewijk might show that these locations are the counterparts of the settlement at Keinsmerbrug.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2364365/Synthesis_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware_Culture_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-01-05T06:27:49.072-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":209674,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":4587425,"work_id":2364365,"tagging_user_id":3445833,"tagged_user_id":32131165,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***e@planet.nl","display_order":-7098052,"name":"Jørn Zeiler","title":"Synthesis - Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands): a kaleidoscope of 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dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10028711"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36161541/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_">Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HansPeeters">Hans Peeters</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THEUNISSEN, E.M., BRINKKEMPER, O., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., SMIT, B.I., & I.M.M.VAN.DER.JAGT (eds.) A Mosaic of habitation at Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project. <br />We can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. It is a permanent mosaic of different assemblages: relocated dwellings, cultivated plots and the building and partial demolition of a remarkable ritual structure. <br />The habitants of Zeewijk carried out a broad spectrum of activities related to subsistence: mixed intensive farming (including small-scale crop cultivation, crop processing and <br />consumption, and animal herding and consumption), foraging, fishing, fowling and hunting all took place there. Furthermore there is ample evidence of craftsmanship. <br />This variety of local crafts, the construction and use of the large ceremonial building in Zeewijk-East and the large variation in ceramics are seen as indications that different groups of <br />Corded Ware people settled at Zeewijk. These groups were probably household groups, a community of several families, related by kinship both genetic and affinal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87a686f7217a335de6969c6405b18f49" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36161541,"asset_id":10028711,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36161541/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10028711"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10028711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10028711']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10028711, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "87a686f7217a335de6969c6405b18f49" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10028711]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10028711,"title":"Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. 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Broad-spectrum cooking: botanical and chemical evidence in Late Neolithic Pottery. </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f89dcb54d8d729584738569633e66170" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34819640,"asset_id":8429004,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34819640/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8429004"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8429004"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8429004; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8429004]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8429004]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8429004; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8429004']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8429004, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f89dcb54d8d729584738569633e66170" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8429004]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8429004,"title":"Oudemans T.F. 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In: Smit BI, Brinkkemper O, Kleijne JP, Lauwerier RCGM, Theunissen EM (eds) 2012. A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34819418/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8404723/Botany_local_vegetation_and_plant_use_In_Smit_BI_Brinkkemper_O_Kleijne_JP_Lauwerier_RCGM_Theunissen_EM_eds_2012_A_kaleidoscope_of_gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">Botany: local vegetation and plant use. In: Smit BI, Brinkkemper O, Kleijne JP, Lauwerier RCGM, Theunissen EM (eds) 2012. 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Langer & L.I. Kooistra 2012. Plantenresten en teer in haardkuilen. In: T. Hamburg, A. Müller & B. Quadflieg (eds.), Mesolithisch Swifterbant. Mesolithisch gebruik van een duin ten zuiden van Swifterbant (8300-5000 v. Chr.). Archol 174/ADC 3250, Leiden/Amersfoort, 341-360." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8419558/Kubiak_Martens_L_J_J_Langer_and_L_I_Kooistra_2012_Plantenresten_en_teer_in_haardkuilen_In_T_Hamburg_A_M%C3%BCller_and_B_Quadflieg_eds_Mesolithisch_Swifterbant_Mesolithisch_gebruik_van_een_duin_ten_zuiden_van_Swifterbant_8300_5000_v_Chr_Archol_174_ADC_3250_Leiden_Amersfoort_341_360">Kubiak-Martens, L., J.J. Langer & L.I. Kooistra 2012. Plantenresten en teer in haardkuilen. In: T. Hamburg, A. 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Kooistra & J.J. Langer 2011. Mesolithische teerproductie in Hattemerbroek. In: E. Lohof, T. Hamburg & J. Flamman (eds), Steentijd opgespoord. Archeologisch onderzoek in het tracé van de Hanzelijn-Oude Land, Archol rapport 138/ADC rapport 2576, Leiden/Amersfoort, 497-512." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8419445/Kubiak_Martens_L_L_I_Kooistra_and_J_J_Langer_2011_Mesolithische_teerproductie_in_Hattemerbroek_In_E_Lohof_T_Hamburg_and_J_Flamman_eds_Steentijd_opgespoord_Archeologisch_onderzoek_in_het_trac%C3%A9_van_de_Hanzelijn_Oude_Land_Archol_rapport_138_ADC_rapport_2576_Leiden_Amersfoort_497_512">Kubiak-Martens, L., L.I. Kooistra & J.J. Langer 2011. Mesolithische teerproductie in Hattemerbroek. In: E. Lohof, T. Hamburg & J. Flamman (eds), Steentijd opgespoord. 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Roots, tubers and processed plant food in the local diet. In: L.P. Louwe Kooijmans & P.F.B. Jongste (eds) Schipluiden, a Neolithic settlement on the Dutch North Sea Coast c. 3500 cal BC. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 37/38, Leiden University, 339-352. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8419429/Kubiak_Martens_L_2006_Roots_tubers_and_processed_plant_food_in_the_local_diet_In_L_P_Louwe_Kooijmans_and_P_F_B_Jongste_eds_Schipluiden_a_Neolithic_settlement_on_the_Dutch_North_Sea_Coast_c_3500_cal_BC_Analecta_Praehistorica_Leidensia_37_38_Leiden_University_339_352">Kubiak-Martens, L., 2006. Roots, tubers and processed plant food in the local diet. In: L.P. Louwe Kooijmans & P.F.B. Jongste (eds) Schipluiden, a Neolithic settlement on the Dutch North Sea Coast c. 3500 cal BC. 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Botanical remains and plant food subsistence. In: L.P. Louwe Kooijmans & P.F.B. Jongste (eds) Schipluiden, a Neolithic settlement on the Dutch North Sea Coast c. 3500 cal BC. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 37/38, Leiden University, 317-336. " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8419417/Kubiak_Martens_L_2006_Botanical_remains_and_plant_food_subsistence_In_L_P_Louwe_Kooijmans_and_P_F_B_Jongste_eds_Schipluiden_a_Neolithic_settlement_on_the_Dutch_North_Sea_Coast_c_3500_cal_BC_Analecta_Praehistorica_Leidensia_37_38_Leiden_University_317_336">Kubiak-Martens, L., 2006. Botanical remains and plant food subsistence. In: L.P. Louwe Kooijmans & P.F.B. Jongste (eds) Schipluiden, a Neolithic settlement on the Dutch North Sea Coast c. 3500 cal BC. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 37/38, Leiden University, 317-336. </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8419417"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8419417"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8419417; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8419417]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8419417]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8419417; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8419417']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8419417, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8419417]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8419417,"title":"Kubiak-Martens, L., 2006. Botanical remains and plant food subsistence. In: L.P. Louwe Kooijmans \u0026 P.F.B. Jongste (eds) Schipluiden, a Neolithic settlement on the Dutch North Sea Coast c. 3500 cal BC. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 37/38, Leiden University, 317-336. ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8419417/Kubiak_Martens_L_2006_Botanical_remains_and_plant_food_subsistence_In_L_P_Louwe_Kooijmans_and_P_F_B_Jongste_eds_Schipluiden_a_Neolithic_settlement_on_the_Dutch_North_Sea_Coast_c_3500_cal_BC_Analecta_Praehistorica_Leidensia_37_38_Leiden_University_317_336","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-21T02:53:11.370-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Kubiak_Martens_L_2006_Botanical_remains_and_plant_food_subsistence_In_L_P_Louwe_Kooijmans_and_P_F_B_Jongste_eds_Schipluiden_a_Neolithic_settlement_on_the_Dutch_North_Sea_Coast_c_3500_cal_BC_Analecta_Praehistorica_Leidensia_37_38_Leiden_University_317_336","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1742,"name":"Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2456234" id="bookchapters"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43997268"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43997268/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe_the_importance_of_roots_and_tubers_in_Mesolithic_diet"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe: the importance of roots and tubers in Mesolithic diet" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64329420/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43997268/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe_the_importance_of_roots_and_tubers_in_Mesolithic_diet">Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe: the importance of roots and tubers in Mesolithic diet</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wild harvest: Plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian human worlds</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during<br />the Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited<br />spectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by<br />acorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of<br />scanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic<br />Europe. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food<br />(starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1a60032a87e2e1027196c02faf1ad939" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64329420,"asset_id":43997268,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64329420/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43997268"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43997268"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43997268; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43997268]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43997268]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43997268; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43997268']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43997268, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1a60032a87e2e1027196c02faf1ad939" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43997268]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43997268,"title":"Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe: the importance of roots and tubers in Mesolithic diet","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during\nthe Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited\nspectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by\nacorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of\nscanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic\nEurope. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food\n(starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Wild harvest: Plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian human worlds"},"translated_abstract":"Studies of Mesolithic subsistence diet in temperate Europe have focused principally on animal and fish resources. This is mainly due to the abundance of bone remains and artefacts associated with hunting and fishing found at Mesolithic sites. Although there were some early attempts to emphasise the importance of plant foods during\nthe Mesolithic, the lack of archaeobotanical evidence, or at least the limited range of encountered species, prevented a direct assessment of the proportions between the animal and plant food components in Mesolithic diet. Even when the recovery of plant remains was part of archaeological research it often resulted in a rather limited\nspectrum of plant foods, often mainly hazelnuts, at some sites complemented by\nacorns, water chestnut, and fleshy fruits and berries. Recently, the deployment of\nscanning electron microscope techniques to identify charred remains of vegetative plant tissue derived from underground storage organs, also known as storage parenchyma, has shown that starchy root foods, including true roots, tubers, rhizomes and bulbs of various plant species, are among the food resources that contributed substantially to the Mesolithic diet. The examples of starchy foods discovered in the last two decades and presented here have considerable implications for the way in which we view the plant component of Mesolithic diet. There are clear indications that starchy foods were frequently gathered, implying that starch was a significant dietary energy source in Mesolithic\nEurope. A broad range of plant species was used and many ecological zones were explored by Mesolithic groups in their search for vegetative and non-vegetative starchy foods. The finds of charred archaeological parenchyma from Mesolithic sites will therefore continue to hold our interest. Although it is difficult, and perhaps still too early, to estimate the complex proportion between animal protein and plant food\n(starchy foods in particular), it is clear that a more balanced view of the Mesolithic diet is emerging from archaeological sites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43997268/Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe_the_importance_of_roots_and_tubers_in_Mesolithic_diet","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-09-01T12:26:09.494-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16861048,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64329420,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64329420/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"06 Wild Harvest Lucy Kubiak-Martens.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64329420/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64329420/06_Wild_Harvest_Lucy_Kubiak-Martens-libre.pdf?1598990478=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DScanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732529921\u0026Signature=Q~itTPSDJzxMOo3~nzpVvBFzJZ3nxhvnOLQyNxuPEHUV8mJMBMBPdj5Xa4VCKfH3xoF3Uo4jGnt0pbLCRkSWALDf7JcR0apehfTkh8gEMP-ZeyXBUN5wDXsDSArBsvYPhPXH-ZqaxCPUeuXzxJ66~kJ1cbs~J4UDyJLIn4beRCn5fW9YVDXfNEHgcLrbIj3DCPtsyFFsr2vzZ-XFncndw1S1uFItXwYxbuEfLZocyJkD0lE9l9aZyuk190JYVRvDwu94gagckdhXY1gRPafcU5ubnuoqsL1f2xY8BKE02u5TnR4s9z-9nMrsruY728cWQ7qMaqVdnpZyE8hy6FU3Hg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy_food_in_Mesolithic_Europe_the_importance_of_roots_and_tubers_in_Mesolithic_diet","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16861048,"first_name":"Lucy","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kubiak-Martens","page_name":"LucyKubiakMartens","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-18T00:07:41.546-07:00","display_name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens"},"attachments":[{"id":64329420,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64329420/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"06 Wild Harvest Lucy Kubiak-Martens.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64329420/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Scanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64329420/06_Wild_Harvest_Lucy_Kubiak-Martens-libre.pdf?1598990478=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DScanning_electron_microscopy_and_starchy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732529921\u0026Signature=Q~itTPSDJzxMOo3~nzpVvBFzJZ3nxhvnOLQyNxuPEHUV8mJMBMBPdj5Xa4VCKfH3xoF3Uo4jGnt0pbLCRkSWALDf7JcR0apehfTkh8gEMP-ZeyXBUN5wDXsDSArBsvYPhPXH-ZqaxCPUeuXzxJ66~kJ1cbs~J4UDyJLIn4beRCn5fW9YVDXfNEHgcLrbIj3DCPtsyFFsr2vzZ-XFncndw1S1uFItXwYxbuEfLZocyJkD0lE9l9aZyuk190JYVRvDwu94gagckdhXY1gRPafcU5ubnuoqsL1f2xY8BKE02u5TnR4s9z-9nMrsruY728cWQ7qMaqVdnpZyE8hy6FU3Hg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":219622,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers"},{"id":650959,"name":"Wild Harvests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_Harvests"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12867072"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12867072/Mixed_food_dishes_in_Corded_Ware_ceramics_Botanical_and_chemical_study_of_charred_organic_residues"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mixed food dishes in Corded Ware ceramics. Botanical and chemical study of charred organic residues." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37856618/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12867072/Mixed_food_dishes_in_Corded_Ware_ceramics_Botanical_and_chemical_study_of_charred_organic_residues">Mixed food dishes in Corded Ware ceramics. Botanical and chemical study of charred organic residues.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even though ceramic vessels are frequently discovered in archaeological excavations, much remains...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even though ceramic vessels are frequently discovered in archaeological excavations, much remains unclear about the actual daily use of ancient pottery. It is often assumed, without further presentation of evidence, that ceramic vessels were used for the preparation, storage or consumption of food. Since the 1980s renewed interest in the functional aspects of vessels has encouraged specialists from different fields to pay more attention to organic residues found in association with ceramics. <br />It is extremely challenging to determine actual prehistoric vessel use, to find out what mixtures of edible materials people prepared in ceramics, what pots they used for what kind of foods, or whether they used the same pots for the same foods all the time. Recently, botanists and chemists have started to join forces in order to identifying remaining traces of the original vessel contents preserved after thousands of years of burial. <br />It was exactly this kind of combined botanical and chemical organic residue analysis that was performed on Zeewijk ceramics in order to identify what foods or non-foods were prepared in the vessels found at this site. Each discipline used its own highly sensitive technique to identify informative characteristics in the remaining crusts. Archaeobotanical analysis combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) facilitated the study of anatomical features of very small fragments of plant tissues preserved in organic residues. Chemical analysis using direct temperature- resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS) enabled the identification of a wide range of chemical components (e.g. lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, plant waxes) in the residues. By combining the two disciplines it was possible to obtain an insight into the Neolithic food preparation methods practised at Zeewijk. Such a combined analysis had been successfully applied earlier to a number of pottery assemblages from various archaeological sites,298 including two other sites from the Single Grave Culture (Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker).299 The combined archaeobotanical and chemical approach aims to afford a more detailed insight into the practices of food preparation and cooking in the Single Grave Culture in general, and into the subsistence at Zeewijk in particular.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a0864f059a10906ce64ecdde3b8c8c92" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37856618,"asset_id":12867072,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37856618/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12867072"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12867072"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12867072; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12867072]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12867072]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12867072; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12867072']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12867072, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a0864f059a10906ce64ecdde3b8c8c92" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12867072]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12867072,"title":"Mixed food dishes in Corded Ware ceramics. Botanical and chemical study of charred organic residues.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Even though ceramic vessels are frequently discovered in archaeological excavations, much remains unclear about the actual daily use of ancient pottery. It is often assumed, without further presentation of evidence, that ceramic vessels were used for the preparation, storage or consumption of food. Since the 1980s renewed interest in the functional aspects of vessels has encouraged specialists from different fields to pay more attention to organic residues found in association with ceramics.\r\nIt is extremely challenging to determine actual prehistoric vessel use, to find out what mixtures of edible materials people prepared in ceramics, what pots they used for what kind of foods, or whether they used the same pots for the same foods all the time. Recently, botanists and chemists have started to join forces in order to identifying remaining traces of the original vessel contents preserved after thousands of years of burial.\r\nIt was exactly this kind of combined botanical and chemical organic residue analysis that was performed on Zeewijk ceramics in order to identify what foods or non-foods were prepared in the vessels found at this site. Each discipline used its own highly sensitive technique to identify informative characteristics in the remaining crusts. Archaeobotanical analysis combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) facilitated the study of anatomical features of very small fragments of plant tissues preserved in organic residues. Chemical analysis using direct temperature- resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS) enabled the identification of a wide range of chemical components (e.g. lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, plant waxes) in the residues. By combining the two disciplines it was possible to obtain an insight into the Neolithic food preparation methods practised at Zeewijk. Such a combined analysis had been successfully applied earlier to a number of pottery assemblages from various archaeological sites,298 including two other sites from the Single Grave Culture (Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker).299 The combined archaeobotanical and chemical approach aims to afford a more detailed insight into the practices of food preparation and cooking in the Single Grave Culture in general, and into the subsistence at Zeewijk in particular.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Even though ceramic vessels are frequently discovered in archaeological excavations, much remains unclear about the actual daily use of ancient pottery. It is often assumed, without further presentation of evidence, that ceramic vessels were used for the preparation, storage or consumption of food. Since the 1980s renewed interest in the functional aspects of vessels has encouraged specialists from different fields to pay more attention to organic residues found in association with ceramics.\r\nIt is extremely challenging to determine actual prehistoric vessel use, to find out what mixtures of edible materials people prepared in ceramics, what pots they used for what kind of foods, or whether they used the same pots for the same foods all the time. Recently, botanists and chemists have started to join forces in order to identifying remaining traces of the original vessel contents preserved after thousands of years of burial.\r\nIt was exactly this kind of combined botanical and chemical organic residue analysis that was performed on Zeewijk ceramics in order to identify what foods or non-foods were prepared in the vessels found at this site. Each discipline used its own highly sensitive technique to identify informative characteristics in the remaining crusts. Archaeobotanical analysis combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) facilitated the study of anatomical features of very small fragments of plant tissues preserved in organic residues. Chemical analysis using direct temperature- resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS) enabled the identification of a wide range of chemical components (e.g. lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, plant waxes) in the residues. By combining the two disciplines it was possible to obtain an insight into the Neolithic food preparation methods practised at Zeewijk. Such a combined analysis had been successfully applied earlier to a number of pottery assemblages from various archaeological sites,298 including two other sites from the Single Grave Culture (Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker).299 The combined archaeobotanical and chemical approach aims to afford a more detailed insight into the practices of food preparation and cooking in the Single Grave Culture in general, and into the subsistence at Zeewijk in particular.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12867072/Mixed_food_dishes_in_Corded_Ware_ceramics_Botanical_and_chemical_study_of_charred_organic_residues","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-08T08:25:56.581-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8984827,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":804043,"work_id":12867072,"tagging_user_id":8984827,"tagged_user_id":16861048,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***s@aol.com","display_order":0,"name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","title":"Mixed food dishes in Corded Ware ceramics. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9025751"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9025751/Botanical_and_chemical_characterisation_of_charred_organic_residues_in_ceramics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Botanical and chemical characterisation of charred organic residues in ceramics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35334038/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9025751/Botanical_and_chemical_characterisation_of_charred_organic_residues_in_ceramics">Botanical and chemical characterisation of charred organic residues in ceramics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands). 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The mesolithic period at the Yangtze Harbour site - Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37054783/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11561969/Twenty_meters_deep_The_mesolithic_period_at_the_Yangtze_Harbour_site_Rotterdam_Maasvlakte_the_Netherlands">Twenty meters deep! The mesolithic period at the Yangtze Harbour site - Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen">Kim M Cohen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/MarcelNiekus">Marcel J L T Niekus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HansPeeters">Hans Peeters</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BOORrapporten 566 Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research Programme Maasvlakte 2, Rotterdam.</span><span>, Mar 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2011 a systematic underwater field survey and an invasive investigation were executed in the Y...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2011 a systematic underwater field survey and an invasive investigation were executed in the Yangtze Harbour planning area, Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, commissioned by Port of Rotterdam Authority.  The aim of the work was to locate and document any archaeological remains in submerged Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits at a depth of 22m to 17m bsl, in the to-be-deepened and extended harbour. A drowned Lateglacial-Early Holocene floodplain  landscape was mapped and a Mesolithic site was discovered in it. The site was visited from c. 8500 to 6500 BC and became a nodal base camp 7000 to 6500 BC, when a wetland landscape had developed around it. Abundant flint tools, bones (of mammals, fish and bird) and plant material (pristine and charred) were recovered and provide information on mobility, diet and use of fire in the Middle Mesolithic. The site rapidly drowned in the transgressing North Sea owing to accelerated sea-level rise events of the period 6500-6300 BC. The site offers a window to the lowland archaeology of the Early Holocene in areas now offshore, that inland sites cannot off. The discoveries allow interregional comparison of delta habitation between the Middle Mesolithic (offshore, at depth in the sea, Doggerland) and Late Mesolithic (onshore, Rhine-Meuse delta, at depth below urbanized coastal plain). <br /> <br />Author list: <br />Boon, J.J., Brinkhuizen, D.C., Bunnik, F.P.M., Cohen, K.M., Cremer, H., Exaltus, R.P., van Kappel, K., Kooistra, L.I., Koolmees, H., de Kruyk, H., Kubiak-Martens, L., Moree, J.M., Niekus, M.J.L.T., Peeters, J.H.M., Schiltmans, D.E.A., Verbaas, A., Verbruggen, F., Vos, P.C., Zeiler, J.T. <br /> <br />Contents: <br />Chapter 1 Introduction <br />Chapter 2 Methods and techniques <br />Chapter 3 Landscape genesis and palaeogeography  <br />Chapter 4 Flint and other stone <a href="https://www.academia.edu/11573354/" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/11573354/</a> <br />Chapter 5 Fauna <br />Chapter 6 Archaeobotany: landscape reconstruction and plant food <br />Chapter 7 Synthesis  <a href="https://www.academia.edu/11600300/" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/11600300/</a> <br /> <br /> <br />Authorship is indicated per chapter. A rich DVD with further technical reports (in Dutch) is part of the publication. It also contains a 15 minute documentary movie (bilingual). <br /> <br />The book is the English translation of BOORrapporten 523 (2014, in Dutch, same editors and authors) <br />Link to DUTCH book: <a href="http://www.rotterdam.nl/Clusters/Stadsbeheer/Images%202014/BOOR/PDF/BOORrapporten%20523%20Rotterdam%20Yangtzehaven.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.rotterdam.nl/Clusters/Stadsbeheer/Images%202014/BOOR/PDF/BOORrapporten%20523%20Rotterdam%20Yangtzehaven.pdf</a> <br />Link to ENGLISH version: <a href="http://www.rotterdam.nl/Clusters/Stadsbeheer/Images%202015/BOOR/PDF/BR566_Maasvlakte2_ENGLISH.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.rotterdam.nl/Clusters/Stadsbeheer/Images%202015/BOOR/PDF/BR566_Maasvlakte2_ENGLISH.pdf</a> <br />  <br />The PDF on the Rotterdam.nl website (the right link, in grey, below) is the full Book. It contains a PREFACE, a PART 2 on the stratigraphy of the sand extraction area off the Maasvlakte extension, and an EPILOGUE on a human bone find from that area). The PDF uploaded to academia.edu (the left link, in green, below) is PART 1 only.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9038937030c34001d8da174e3b3c0c05" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37054783,"asset_id":11561969,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37054783/download_file?st=MTczMjUzNzg4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11561969"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11561969"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11561969; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11561969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11561969]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11561969; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11561969']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11561969, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9038937030c34001d8da174e3b3c0c05" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11561969]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11561969,"title":"Twenty meters deep! The mesolithic period at the Yangtze Harbour site - Rotterdam Maasvlakte, the Netherlands.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In 2011 a systematic underwater field survey and an invasive investigation were executed in the Yangtze Harbour planning area, Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, commissioned by Port of Rotterdam Authority. The aim of the work was to locate and document any archaeological remains in submerged Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits at a depth of 22m to 17m bsl, in the to-be-deepened and extended harbour. A drowned Lateglacial-Early Holocene floodplain landscape was mapped and a Mesolithic site was discovered in it. The site was visited from c. 8500 to 6500 BC and became a nodal base camp 7000 to 6500 BC, when a wetland landscape had developed around it. Abundant flint tools, bones (of mammals, fish and bird) and plant material (pristine and charred) were recovered and provide information on mobility, diet and use of fire in the Middle Mesolithic. The site rapidly drowned in the transgressing North Sea owing to accelerated sea-level rise events of the period 6500-6300 BC. The site offers a window to the lowland archaeology of the Early Holocene in areas now offshore, that inland sites cannot off. The discoveries allow interregional comparison of delta habitation between the Middle Mesolithic (offshore, at depth in the sea, Doggerland) and Late Mesolithic (onshore, Rhine-Meuse delta, at depth below urbanized coastal plain).\r\n\r\nAuthor list:\r\nBoon, J.J., Brinkhuizen, D.C., Bunnik, F.P.M., Cohen, K.M., Cremer, H., Exaltus, R.P., van Kappel, K., Kooistra, L.I., Koolmees, H., de Kruyk, H., Kubiak-Martens, L., Moree, J.M., Niekus, M.J.L.T., Peeters, J.H.M., Schiltmans, D.E.A., Verbaas, A., Verbruggen, F., Vos, P.C., Zeiler, J.T.\r\n\r\nContents:\r\nChapter 1 Introduction\r\nChapter 2 Methods and techniques \r\nChapter 3 Landscape genesis and palaeogeography \r\nChapter 4 Flint and other stone https://www.academia.edu/11573354/\r\nChapter 5 Fauna \r\nChapter 6 Archaeobotany: landscape reconstruction and plant food\r\nChapter 7 Synthesis https://www.academia.edu/11600300/\r\n\r\n\r\nAuthorship is indicated per chapter. 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A drowned Lateglacial-Early Holocene floodplain landscape was mapped and a Mesolithic site was discovered in it. The site was visited from c. 8500 to 6500 BC and became a nodal base camp 7000 to 6500 BC, when a wetland landscape had developed around it. Abundant flint tools, bones (of mammals, fish and bird) and plant material (pristine and charred) were recovered and provide information on mobility, diet and use of fire in the Middle Mesolithic. The site rapidly drowned in the transgressing North Sea owing to accelerated sea-level rise events of the period 6500-6300 BC. The site offers a window to the lowland archaeology of the Early Holocene in areas now offshore, that inland sites cannot off. The discoveries allow interregional comparison of delta habitation between the Middle Mesolithic (offshore, at depth in the sea, Doggerland) and Late Mesolithic (onshore, Rhine-Meuse delta, at depth below urbanized coastal plain).\r\n\r\nAuthor list:\r\nBoon, J.J., Brinkhuizen, D.C., Bunnik, F.P.M., Cohen, K.M., Cremer, H., Exaltus, R.P., van Kappel, K., Kooistra, L.I., Koolmees, H., de Kruyk, H., Kubiak-Martens, L., Moree, J.M., Niekus, M.J.L.T., Peeters, J.H.M., Schiltmans, D.E.A., Verbaas, A., Verbruggen, F., Vos, P.C., Zeiler, J.T.\r\n\r\nContents:\r\nChapter 1 Introduction\r\nChapter 2 Methods and techniques \r\nChapter 3 Landscape genesis and palaeogeography \r\nChapter 4 Flint and other stone https://www.academia.edu/11573354/\r\nChapter 5 Fauna \r\nChapter 6 Archaeobotany: landscape reconstruction and plant food\r\nChapter 7 Synthesis https://www.academia.edu/11600300/\r\n\r\n\r\nAuthorship is indicated per chapter. 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